ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025

CURRICULUM 2004

B.E. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SEMESTER III

Code No. Course Title L T P M

THEORY
MA1201 Mathematics III 3 1 0 100
EE1211 Electrical Machines 3 0 0 100
CS1151 Data Structures 3 1 0 100
EC1201 Digital Electronics 3 1 0 100
EC1202 Electron Devices 3 1 0 100
EC1203 Electronic Circuits- I 3 1 0 100
PRACTICAL
EE1261 Electrical Machines Lab 0 0 3 100
EC1204 Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab I 0 0 3 100
CS1152 Data structure Lab 0 0 3 100

SEMESTER IV

Code No. Course Title L T P M

THEORY
MA1254 Random Processes 3 1 0 100
EC1251 Electronic Circuits II 3 1 0 100
EC1252 Signals and Systems 3 1 0 100
EC1253 Electromagnetic Fields 3 1 0 100
EC1254 Linear Integrated Circuits 3 0 0 100
EC1255 Measurements and Instrumentation 3 0 0 100
PRACTICAL
EC1256 Electronics circuits II and simulation lab 0 0 3 100
EC1257 Linear Integrated Circuit Lab 0 0 3 100
EC1258 Digital Electronics lab 0 0 3 100

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 SEMESTER V

Code No. Course Title L T P M

THEORY
GE1301 Professional Ethics and Human Values 3 0 0 100
EC1301 Communication Theory 3 1 0 100
EC1302 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 100
EC1303 Microprocessors and Its Applications 3 0 0 100
EC1304 Control Systems 3 1 0 100
EC1305 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 3 1 0 100
GE1302 Communication skills and Seminar** 0 0 3 -
PRACTICAL
EC1306 Digital Signal Processing Lab 0 0 3 100
EC1307 Microprocessor and Application Lab 0 0 3 100

SEMESTER VI

Code No. Course Title L T P M

THEORY
MG1351 Principles of Management 3 0 0 100
EC1351 Digital Communication 3 1 0 100
CS1302 Computer Networks 3 0 0 100
EC1352 Antenna and Wave Propagation 3 1 0 100
CS1251 Computer Architecture 3 0 0 100
MA1251 Numerical Methods 3 1 0 100
GE1351 Professional Skill and Seminar** 0 0 3 -
PRACTICAL
EC1353 Communication System Lab 0 0 3 100
EC1354 Networks Lab 0 0 3 100
EC1355 Electronic System Design Lab 0 0 3 100

SEMESTER VII

Code No. Course Title L T P M

THEORY
MG1401 Total Quality Management 3 0 0 100
EC1401 VLSI Design 3 0 0 100
EC1402 Optical Communication 3 0 0 100
EC1403 Microwave Engineering 3 0 0 100
Elective I 3 0 0 100
Elective II 3 0 0 100
PRACTICAL
EC1404 VLSI Lab 0 0 3 100
EC1405 Optical & Microwave Lab 0 0 3 100

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 SEMESTER VIII

Code No. Course Title L T P M

THEORY
EC1451 Mobile Communication 3 0 0 100
Elective III 3 0 0 100
Elective IV 3 0 0 100
PRACTICAL
EC1452 Project Work 0 0 12 200
EC1453 Comprehension** 0 0 2 -

** No Examinations

MA1201 MATHEMATICS III 3 1 0 100

AIM

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The course aims to develop the skills of the students in the areas of boundary value problems and transform
techniques. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a large number of engineering subjects like
heat conduction, communication systems, electro-optics and electromagnetic theory. The course will also
serve as a prerequisite for post graduate and specialized studies and research.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the students would
 Be capable of mathematically formulating certain practical problems in terms of partial differential
equations, solve them and physically interpret the results.
 Have gained a well founded knowledge of Fourier series, their different possible forms and the
frequently needed practical harmonic analysis that an engineer may have to make from discrete
data.
 Have obtained capacity to formulate and identify certain boundary value problems encountered in
engineering practices, decide on applicability of the Fourier series method of solution, solve them
and interpret the results.
 Have grasped the concept of expression of a function, under certain conditions, as a double
integral leading to identification of transform pair, and specialization on Fourier transform pair,
their properties, the possible special cases with attention to their applications.
 Have learnt the basics of Z – transform in its applicability to discretely varying functions, gained
the skill to formulate certain problems in terms of difference equations and solve them using the Z
– transform technique bringing out the elegance of the procedure involved.

UNIT I PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9+3

Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions –
Solution of standard types of first order partial differential equations – Lagrange’s linear equation – Linear
partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients.

UNIT II FOURIER SERIES 9+3

Dirichlet’s conditions – General Fourier series – Odd and even functions – Half range sine series – Half
range cosine series – Complex form of Fourier Series – Parseval’s identify – Harmonic Analysis.

UNIT III BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS 9+3

Classification of second order quasi linear partial differential equations – Solutions of one dimensional
wave equation – One dimensional heat equation – Steady state solution of two-dimensional heat equation
(Insulated edges excluded) – Fourier series solutions in Cartesian coordinates.

UNIT IV FOURIER TRANSFORM 9+3

Fourier integral theorem (without proof) – Fourier transform pair – Sine and
Cosine transforms – Properties – Transforms of simple functions – Convolution theorem – Parseval’s
identity.

UNIT V Z -TRANSFORM AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS 9+3

Z-transform - Elementary properties – Inverse Z – transform – Convolution theorem -Formation of
difference equations – Solution of difference equations using Z - transform.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60

TEXT BOOKS

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1. Grewal, B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Thirty Sixth Edition , Khanna Publishers,
Delhi, 2001.
2. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., “Engineering Mathematics Volume III”, S.
Chand & Company ltd., New Delhi, 1996.
3. Wylie C. Ray and Barrett Louis, C., “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, Sixth Edition,
McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1995.

REFERENCES
1. Andrews, L.A., and Shivamoggi B.K., “Integral Transforms for Engineers and Applied
Mathematicians,” Macmillen, New York, 1988.
2. Narayanan, S., Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. and Ramaniah, G., “Advanced Mathematics for
Engineering Students”, Volumes II and III, S. Viswanathan (Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd.
Chennai, 2002.
3. Churchill, R.V. and Brown, J.W., “Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems”, Fourth Edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Singapore, 1987.
EE 1211 ELECTRICAL MACHINES 3 0 0 100

AIM
To expose the students to the concepts of various types of electrical machines and transmission
and distribution of electrical power .

OBJECTIVES
To impart knowledge on
i. Constructional details, principle of operation, performance, starters and testing of D.C.
machines.

ii. Constructional details, principle of operation and performance of transformers.

iii. Constructional details, principle of operation and performance of induction motors.

iv. Constructional details and principle of operation of alternators and special

machines.

v. Power System transmission and distribution.

UNIT I D.C. MACHINES 9

Constructional details – emf equation – Methods of excitation – Self and separately
excited generators – Characteristics of series, shunt and compound generators – Principle of
operation of D.C. motor – Back emf and torque equation – Characteristics of series, shunt and
compound motors - Starting of D.C. motors – Types of starters - Testing, brake test and
Swinburne’s test – Speed control of D.C. shunt motors.

UNIT II TRANSFORMERS 9
Constructional details – Principle of operation – emf equation – Transformation ratio –
Transformer on no load – Parameters referred to HV/LV windings – Equivalent circuit –
Transformer on load – Regulation - Testing – Load test, open circuit and short circuit tests.

UNIT III INDUCTION MOTORS 9

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 Construction – Types – Principle of operation of three-phase induction motors –
Equivalent circuit – Performance calculation – Starting and speed control – Single-phase induction
motors (only qualitative treatment).

UNIT IV SYNCHRONOUS AND SPECIAL MACHINES 9

Construction of synchronous machines-types – Induced emf – Voltage regulation; emf
and mmf methods – Brushless alternators – Reluctance motor – Hysteresis motor – Stepper motor.

UNIT V TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 9

Structure of electric power systems – Generation, transmission, sub-transmission and distribution
systems - EHVAC and EHVDC transmission systems – Substation layout – Insulators – cables.

L = 45 Total = 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. D.P.Kothari and I.J.Nagrath, ‘Basic Electrical Engineering’, Tata McGraw Hill publishing
company ltd, second edition, 2002.

2. C.L. Wadhwa, ‘Electrical Power Systems’, Wiley eastern ltd India, 1985.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. S.K.Bhattacharya, ‘Electrical Machines’, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing company ltd, second
edition, 1998.

2. V.K.Mehta and Rohit Mehta, ‘Principles of Power System’, S.Chand and Company Ltd, third
edition, 2003.

CS1151 DATA STRUCTURES 3 1 0 100

AIM
 To provide an in-depth knowledge in problem solving techniques and data structures.
 
OBJECTIVES
 To learn the systematic way of solving problems
 To understand the different methods of organizing large amounts of data
 To learn to program in C
 To efficiently implement the different data structures
 To efficiently implement solutions for specific problems
 
UNIT I PROBLEM SOLVING 9
Problem solving – Top-down Design – Implementation – Verification – Efficiency – Analysis – Sample
algorithms.
 
UNIT II LISTS, STACKS AND QUEUES 8
Abstract Data Type (ADT) – The List ADT – The Stack ADT – The Queue ADT
 
UNIT III TREES 10
Preliminaries – Binary Trees – The Search Tree ADT – Binary Search Trees – AVL Trees – Tree
Traversals – Hashing – General Idea – Hash Function – Separate Chaining – Open Addressing – Linear
Probing – Priority Queues (Heaps) – Model – Simple implementations – Binary Heap

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UNIT IV SORTING 9
Preliminaries – Insertion Sort – Shellsort – Heapsort – Mergesort – Quicksort – External Sorting
 
UNIT V GRAPHS 9
Definitions – Topological Sort – Shortest-Path Algorithms – Unweighted Shortest Paths – Dijkstra’s
Algorithm – Minimum Spanning Tree – Prim’s Algorithm – Applications of Depth-First Search –
Undirected Graphs – Biconnectivity – Introduction to NP-Completeness
 
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60 
TEXT BOOKS 
1. R. G. Dromey, “How to Solve it by Computer” (Chaps 1-2), Prentice-Hall of India, 2002.
2. M. A. Weiss, “Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C”, 2 nd ed, Pearson Education Asia,
2002. (chaps 3, 4.1-4.4 (except 4.3.6), 4.6, 5.1-5.4.1, 6.1-6.3.3, 7.1-7.7 (except 7.2.2, 7.4.1, 7.5.1,
7.6.1, 7.7.5, 7.7.6), 7.11, 9.1-9.3.2, 9.5-9.5.1, 9.6-9.6.2, 9.7)
 
REFERENCES
1. Y. Langsam, M. J. Augenstein and A. M. Tenenbaum, “Data Structures using C”, Pearson
Education Asia, 2004
2.      Richard F. Gilberg, Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Structures – A Pseudocode Approach with C”,
Thomson Brooks / COLE, 1998.
3. Aho, J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman, “Data Structures and Algorithms”, Pearson education Asia,
1983.
 
EC1201 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 3 1 0 100

AIM
To learn the basic methods for the design of digital circuits and provide the fundamental concepts used in
the design of digital systems.

OBJECTIVES
 To introduce number systems and codes
 To introduce basic postulates of Boolean algebra and shows the correlation between Boolean
expressions
 To introduce the methods for simplifying Boolean expressions
 To outline the formal procedures for the analysis and design of combinational circuits and sequential
circuits
 To introduce the concept of memories and programmable logic devices.

UNIT I NUMBER SYSTEMS 9

Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal-Number base conversions – complements – signed Binary numbers.
Binary Arithmetic- Binary codes: Weighted –BCD-2421-Gray code-Excess 3 code-ASCII –Error detecting
code – conversion from one code to another-Boolean postulates and laws –De-Morgan’s Theorem-
Principle of Duality- Boolean expression – Boolean function- Minimization of Boolean expressions – Sum
of Products (SOP) –Product of Sums (POS)-Minterm- Maxterm- Canonical forms – Conversion between
canonical forms –Karnaugh map Minimization – Don’t care conditions.

UNIT II 9

Page..7
LOGIC GATES: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Exclusive – OR and Exclusive – NOR-
Implementations of Logic Functions using gates, NAND –NOR implementations –Multi level gate
implementations- Multi output gate implementations. TTL and CMOS Logic and their characteristics –
Tristate gates.

COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS:
Design procedure – Adders-Subtractors – Serial adder/ Subtractor - Parallel adder/ Subtractor- Carry look
ahead adder- BCD adder- Magnitude Comparator- Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer- encoder / decoder – parity
checker – code converters. Implementation of combinational logic using MUX, ROM, PAL and PLA.

UNIT III SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT 9

Flip flops SR, JK, T, D and Master slave – Characteristic table and equation –Application table – Edge
triggering –Level Triggering –Realization of one flip flop using other flip flops –Asynchronous / Ripple
counters – Synchronous counters –Modulo – n counter –Classification of sequential circuits – Moore and
Mealy -Design of Synchronous counters: state diagram- State table –State minimization –State assignment-
ASM-Excitation table and maps-Circuit implementation - Register – shift registers- Universal shift register
– Shift counters – Ring counters.

UNIT IV ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9

Design of fundamental mode and pulse mode circuits – primitive state / flow table – Minimization of
primitive state table –state assignment – Excitation table – Excitation map- cycles – Races –Hazards: Static
–Dynamic –Essential –Hazards elimination.

UNIT V MEMORY DEVICES 9

Classification of memories –RAM organization – Write operation –Read operation – Memory cycle -
Timing wave forms – Memory decoding – memory expansion – Static RAM Cell-Bipolar RAM cell –
MOSFET RAM cell –Dynamic RAM cell –ROM organization - PROM –EPROM –EEPROM –EAPROM
–Programmable Logic Devices –Programmable Logic Array (PLA)- Programmable Array Logic (PAL)-
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA).

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. M. Morris Mano, Digital Design, 3.ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003/Pearson
Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003 – (Unit I, II, V)
2. John .M Yarbrough, Digital Logic Applications and Design, Thomson- Vikas publishing house, New
Delhi, 2002. (Unit III, IV)

REFERENCES
1. S. Salivahanan and S. Arivazhagan, Digital Circuits and Design, 2 nd ed., Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd, New Delhi, 2004
2. Charles H.Roth. “Fundamentals of Logic Design”, Thomson Publication Company, 2003.
3. Donald P.Leach and Albert Paul Malvino, Digital Principles and Applications, 5 ed., Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2003.
4. R.P.Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 3 ed., Tata McGraw–Hill publishing company limited, New
Delhi, 2003.
5. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, Pearson Education, Inc, New Delhi, 2003
6. Donald D.Givone, Digital Principles and Design, Tata Mc-Graw-Hill Publishing company limited,
New Delhi, 2003.

EC1202 ELECTRON DEVICES 3 1 0 100

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AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the principle of operation, capabilities and
limitation of various electron devices so that he will be able to use these devices effectively.

OBJECTIVE
On completion of this course the student will understand
 The basics of electron motion in electric field and magnetic field
 Mechanisms of current flow in semi-conductors
 Diode operation and switching characteristics
 Operation of BJT, FET, MOSFET metal semiconductor rectifying and ohmic contacts and power
control devices.

UNIT I ELECTRON BALLISTICS AND INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS 9

Force on charge in electric field – Motion of Charge in uniform and time varying electric fields – Force on
a moving charge in a magnetic field – calculation of cyclotron frequency – calculation of electrostatic and
magnetic deflection sensitivity.
Energy band structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators – Density distribution of available
energy states in semiconductors – Fermi- Diac probability distribution function at different temperatures –
Thermal generation of carriers – Calculation of electron and hole densities in intrinsic semiconductors –
Intrinsic concentration – Mass Action Law.

UNIT II EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR AND PN JUNCTIONS 9

N and P type semiconductors and their energy band structures – Law of electrical neutrality – Calculation
of location of Fermi level and free electron and hole densities in extrinsic semiconductors – Mobility, drift
current and conductivity – Diffusion current – Continuity equation - Hall effect.
Band structure of PN Junction – Current Component in a PN Junction – Derivation of diode equation –
Temperature dependence of diode characteristics.

UNIT III SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF PN JUNCTION AND SPECIAL DIODES

9
Calculation of transition and diffusion capacitance – Varactor diode – charge control description of diode –
switching characteristics of diode – Mechanism of avalanche and Zener breakdown – Temperature
dependence of breakdown voltages – Backward diode – Tunneling effect in thin barriers Tunnel diode –
Photo diode – Light emitting diodes.

UNIT IV BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS AND FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

9
Construction of PNP and NPN transistors – BJT current components – Emitter to collector and base to
collector current gains – Base width modulation CB and CE characteristics – Breakdown characteristics –
Ebers – Moll model – Transistor switching times.
Construction and Characteristics of JFET – Relation between Pinch off Voltage and drain current –
Derivation. MOSFETS – Enhancement and depletion types.

UNIT V METAL SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACTS AND POWER CONTROL DEVICES

9
Metal Semiconductor Contacts - Energy band diagram of metal semiconductor junction Schottky diode and
ohmic contacts.
Power control devices: Characteristics and equivalent circuit of UJT - intrinsic stand off ratio. PNPN diode
– Two transistor model, SCR, Triac, Diac.

Page..9
TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Jacob Millman & Christos C.Halkias, “Electronic Devices and Circuits” Tata McGraw–Hill, 1991 .

REFERENCES
1. Nandita Das Gupta and Amitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor Devices – Modelling and Technology,
Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
2. Donald A.Neaman,” Semiconductor Physics and Devices” 3 rd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
2002.
3. S.Salivahanan, N.Sureshkumar and A.Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits, TMH, 1998.
4. S.M.Sze, Semiconductor Devices – Physics and Technology, 2nd edn. John Wiley, 2002.
5. Ben G.Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson Education 2000.
EC1203 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I 3 1 0 100

AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of basic transistor Amplifier
circuits and power supplies.

OBJECTIVE
On completion of this course the student will understand
 The methods of biasing transistors
 Design of simple amplifier circuits
 Mid – band analysis of amplifier circuits using small - signal equivalent circuits to determine gain
input impedance and output impedance
 Method of calculating cutoff frequencies and to determine bandwidth
 Design of power amplifiers and heat sinks
 Analysis and design of power supplies and power control using SCR.

UNIT I TRANSISTOR BIASING 9

BJT – Need for biasing - Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent point. Variation of quiescent point due
to hFE variation within manufacturers tolerance. Stability factors. Different types of biasing circuits.
Method of stabilizing the Q point to the extent possible. Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over
other types of biasing. Use of Self bias circuit as a constant current circuit. Source self bias and voltage
divider bias for FET. Use of JFET as a voltage variable resistor.

UNIT II MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9

CE, CB and CC amplifiers. Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit. Midband analysis of various
types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and output impedance. Miller’s theorem.
Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their uses. Darlington connection using similar and
Complementary transistors. Methods of increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and
bootstrapping. CS, CG and CD (FET) amplifiers. Multistage amplifiers.
Basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit. Bisection theorem. Differential gain. CMRR. Use of
constant current circuit to improve CMRR. Derivation of transfer characteristic, Transconductance. Use as
Linear amplifier, limiter, amplitude modulator.

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS 9

General shape of frequency response of amplifiers. Definition of cut off frequencies and bandwidth. Low
frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cut off frequency Hybrid – pi equivalent circuit of BJTs.

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High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper cut off frequency. High frequency equivalent
circuit of FETs. High frequency analysis of FET amplifiers. Gain-bandwidth product of FETs. General
expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers. Calculation of overall upper and lower cut off
frequencies of multistage amplifiers. Amplifier rise time and sag and their relation to cut off frequencies.

UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9

Classification of amplifiers (Class A, B, AB, C&D), Efficiency of class A, RC coupled and transformer-
coupled power amplifiers. Class B complementary-symmetry, push-pull power amplifiers. Calculation of
power output, efficiency and power dissipation. Crossover distortion and methods of eliminating it.
Heat flow calculations using analogous circuit. Calculation of actual power handling capacity of transistors
with and without heat sink. Heat sink design.

UNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES 9

Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers with resistive load. Analysis for Vdc and ripple voltage with C,
CL, L-C and C-L-C filters. Voltage multipliers Zenerdiode regulator. Electronically regulated d.c power
supplies. Line regulation, output resistance and temperature coefficient. Switched mode power supplies.
Power control using SCR.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman J. and Halkias .C., " Integrated Electronics ", Tata McGraw-Hill.

REFERENCES
1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, 8th edn., PHI, 2002.
2. S.Salivahanan, et.al, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, TMH, 1998.
3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. I.J. Nagrath, Electronics – Analog and Digital, PHI, 1999.

EE 1261 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY 0 0 3 100

AIM
To expose the students to the basic operation of electrical machines and help
them to develop experimental skills.

1. Open circuit and load characteristics of separately excited and self excited D.C. generator.
2. Load test on D.C. shunt motor.
3. Load test on D.C. series motor.
4. Swinburne’s test and speed control of D.C. shunt motor.
5. Load test on single phase transformer and open circuit and short circuit test on single phase
transformer
6. Regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods.
7. Load test on three phase induction motor.
8. No load and blocked rotor tests on three phase induction motor (Determination of equivalent
circuit parameters)
9. Load test on single-phase induction motor.
10. Study of D.C. motor and induction motor starters.

P = 45 Total = 45

EC1204 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB -I 0 0 3 100

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Ex.1: Diode Forward characteristics.
(i) Determination of η from the plot of ln I vs V.
(ii) Determinations reverse saturation current.
[Note that reverse characteristics of Diodes cannot be measured using common instruments available in the
Lab.]

Ex.2: Input and Output characteristics of BJT.

1. Determination of h parameters from the graph.

Ex.3: Output characteristics of JFET.

(i) Plot of Transfer characteristics from the output characteristics.
(ii) Determination of pinch off voltage and Idss

Ex.4: Fixed Bias amplifier circuits using BJT.

(i) Waveforms at input and output without bias.
(ii) Determination of bias resistance to locate Q-point at center of load line.
(iii) Measurement of hFE and gain.
(iv) Calculation of hie=VT/Ibdc and gain assuming hFE= hfe.
(v) Plot of frequency response.

Ex.5: BJT Amplifier using voltage divider bias (self bias) with unbypassed emitter resistor.
(i) Measurement of input resistance and gain
(ii) Comparison with calculated values.
(iii) Plot of DC collector current as a function of collector resistance (application as
constant current circuit).

Ex.6: Source follower with Bootstrapped gate resistance.

(i) Measurement of gain, input resistance and output resistance with and without
Bootstrapping .
(ii) Comparison with calculated values.

Ex.7: Class B Complementary symmetry power amplifier

1. Observation of the output wave form with cross over Distortion.
2. Modification of the circuit to avoid cross over distortion.
3. Measurement of maximum power output.
4. Determination of efficiency.
5. Comparison with calculated values.

Ex.8: Differential amplifier using BJT.

1. Construction of the circuit.
2. Measurement of DC collector current of individual transistors.
3. Equalization of DC current using individual emitter resistance (50 – 100 Ohms)
4. Measurement of CMRR.

Ex.9: Power supply Full wave rectifier with simple capacitor filter.
(i) Measurement of DC voltage under load and ripple factor, Comparison with
calculated values.
(ii) Measurement of load regulation characteristics (Vout vs Iout).
Comparison with calculated values.

Ex.10: Measurement of UJT and SCR Characteristics.

1. Firing Characteristics of SCR.
2. Measurement of Intrinsic stand off ratio of UJT.

CS1152 DATA STRUCTURES LAB 0 0 3 100

 

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AIM
To teach the principles of good programming practice and to give a practical training in writing efficient
programs in C
 
OBJECTIVES
 To teach the students to write programs in C
 To implement the various data structures as Abstract Data Types
 To write programs to solve problems using the ADTs
 
Implement the following exercises using C:
1. Array implementation of List Abstract Data Type (ADT)
2. Linked list implementation of List ADT
3. Cursor implementation of List ADT
4. Array implementations of Stack ADT
5. Linked list implementations of Stack ADT
 
The following three exercises are to be done by implementing the following source files
(a)   Program for ‘Balanced Paranthesis’
(b)   Array implementation of Stack ADT
(c)   Linked list implementation of Stack ADT
(d)   Program for ‘Evaluating Postfix Expressions’
An appropriate header file for the Stack ADT should be #included in (a) and (d)
 
6. Implement the application for checking ‘Balanced Paranthesis’ using array implementation of
Stack ADT (by implementing files (a) and (b) given above)
7. Implement the application for checking ‘Balanced Paranthesis’ using linked list implementation of
Stack ADT (by using file (a) from experiment 6 and implementing file (c))
8. Implement the application for ‘Evaluating Postfix Expressions’ using array and linked list
implementations of Stack ADT (by implementing file (d) and using file (b), and then by using files
(d) and (c))
9. Queue ADT
10. Search Tree ADT - Binary Search Tree
11. Heap Sort
12. Quick Sort

MA1254 RANDOM PROCESSES 3 1 0 100

AIM
This course aims at providing the necessary basic concepts in random processes. A knowledge of
fundamentals and applications of phenomena will greatly help in the understanding of topics such a
estimation and detection, pattern recognition, voice and image processing networking and queuing.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would
 Have a fundamental knowledge of the basic probability concepts.
 Have a well – founded knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real life
phenomena.
 Acquire skills in handling situations involving more than one random variable and
functions of random variables.
 Understand and characterize phenomena which evolve with respect to time in
probabilistic manner.
 Be able to analyze the response of random inputs to linear time invariant systems.

Page..13
UNIT I PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLE 9 +3
Axioms of probability - Conditional probability - Total probability – Baye’s theorem - Random variable -
Probability mass function - Probability density functions- Properties –Moments - Moment generating
functions and their properties.

UNIT II STANDARD DISTRIBUTIONS 9 +3

Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Weibull and Normal
distributions and their properties - Functions of a random variable.

UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 9+3

Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance - Correlation and regression -
Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem.

UNIT IV CLASSIFICATION OF RANDOM PROCESSES 9+3

Definition and examples - first order, second order, strictly stationary, wide – sense stationary and Ergodic
processes - Markov process - Binomial, Poisson and Normal processes - Sine wave process.

UNIT V CORRELATION AND SPECTRAL DENSITIES 9+3

Auto correlation - Cross correlation - Properties – Power spectral density – Cross spectral density -
Properties – Wiener-Khintchine relation – Relationship between cross power spectrum and cross
correlation function - Linear time invariant system - System transfer function –Linear systems with random
inputs – Auto correlation and cross correlation functions of input and output.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ross, S., “A First Course in Probability”, Fifth edition, Pearson Education, Delhi, 2002.
2. Peebles Jr. P.Z., “Probability Random Variables and Random Signal Principles”, Tata McGraw-
Hill Pubishers, Fourth Edition, New Delhi, 2002. (Chapters 6, 7 and 8).

REFERENCES
1. Henry Stark and John W. Woods “Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal
Processing”, Pearson Education, Third edition, Delhi, 2002.
2. Veerarajan. T., “Probabilitiy, Statistics and Random process”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications,
Second Edition, New Delhi, 2002.
3. Ochi, M.K. , “Applied Probability and Stochastic Process”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1990.

EC1251 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II 3 1 0 100

AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of feed back amplifiers,
oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators and blocking oscillators.

OBJECTIVES
On completion of this course the student will understand
 The advantages and method of analysis of feed back amplifiers
 Analysis and design of RC and LC oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators,

Page..14
 blocking oscillators and time based generators.

UNIT 1 FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 9

Block diagram. Loop gain. Gain with feedback. Desensitivity of gain. Distortion and cut off frequencies
with feedback. The four basic feedback topologies and the type of gain stabilized by each type of feedback.
Input and Output resistances with feedback. Method of identifying feedback topology, feedback factor and
basic amplifier configuration with loading effect of feedback network taken into account. Analysis of
feedback amplifiers. Nyquist criterion for stability of feedback amplifiers.

UNIT II OSCILLATORS 9
Barkhausen Criterion. Mechanism for start of oscillation and stabilization of amplitude. Analysis of
Oscillator using Cascade connection of one RC and one CR filters. RC phase shift Oscillator. Wienbridge
Oscillator and twin-T Oscillators. Analysis of LC Oscillators, Colpitts, Hartley, Clapp, Miller and Pierce
oscillators. Frequency range of RC and LC Oscillators. Quartz Crystal Construction. Electrical equivalent
circuit of Crystal. Crystal Oscillator circuits.

UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS 9

Coil losses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits. Analysis of single tuned and synchronously tuned
amplifiers. Instability of tuned amplifiers. Stabilization techniques. Narrow band neutralization using coil.
Broad banding using Hazeltine neutralization. Class C tuned amplifiers and their applications. Efficiency of
Class C tuned Amplifier.

UNIT IV WAVE SHAPING AND MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS 9

RL & RC Integrator and Differentiator circuits. Diode clippers, clampers and slicers. Collector coupled and
Emitter coupled Astable multivibrator. Monostable multivibrator. Bistable multivibrators. Triggering
methods. Storage delay and calculation of switching times. Speed up capacitors. Schmitt trigger circuit.

UNIT V BLOCKING OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE GENERATORS 9

Monostable and Astable Blocking Oscillators using Emitter and base timing. Frequency control using core
saturation. Pushpull operation of Astable blocking oscillator i.e., inverters. Pulse transformers. UJT
sawtooth generators. Linearization using constant current circuit. Bootstrap and Miller saw-tooth
generators. Current time base generators.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman and Halkias. C., “Integrated Electronics”, Tata McGraw-Hill 1991,(I,II).
2. Schilling and Belove, "Electronic Circuits", TMH, Third Edition, 2002 (Unit - III)
3. Millman J. and Taub H., "Pulse Digital and Switching waveform", McGraw-Hill International
(UNIT – IV & V)
4. Robert L. Boylestead and Louis Nasheresky, 8th edn., PHI, 2002.

REFERENCES
1. Sedra / Smith, “Micro Electronic Circuits” Oxford university Press, 2004.
2. David A. Bell, " Solid State Pulse Circuits ", Prentice Hall of India, 1992.

EC1252 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 3 1 0 100

AIM
To study and analyse characteristics of continuous, discrete signals and systems.

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OBJECTIVES
 To study the properties and representation of discrete and continuous signals.
 To study the sampling process and analysis of discrete systems using z-transforms.
 To study the analysis and synthesis of discrete time systems.

UNIT I REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS 9

Continuous and discrete time signals: Classification of Signals – Periodic aperiodic even – odd – energy
and power signals – Deterministic and random signals – complex exponential and sinusoidal signals –
periodicity – properties of discrete time complex exponential unit impulse – unit step impulse functions –
Transformation in independent variable of signals: time scaling, time shifting.
Determination of Fourier series representation of continuous time and discrete time periodic signals –
Explanation of properties of continuous time and discrete time Fourier series.

UNIT II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 9

Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform analysis with examples – properties of the
Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform basic properties, Parseval’s relation, and
convolution in time and frequency domains.
Basic properties of continuous time systems: Linearity, Causality, time invariance, stability, magnitude and
Phase representations of frequency response of LTI systems -Analysis and characterization of LTI systems
using Laplace transform:
Computation of impulse response and transfer function using Laplace transform.

UNIT III SAMPLING THEOREM AND z-TRANSFORMS 9

Representation of continuous time signals by its sample - Sampling theorem – Reconstruction of a Signal
from its samples, aliasing – discrete time processing of continuous time signals, sampling of band pass
signals
Basic principles of z-transform - z-transform definition – region of convergence – properties of ROC –
Properties of z-transform – Poles and Zeros – inverse z-transform using Contour integration - Residue
Theorem, Power Series expansion and Partial fraction expansion, Relationship between z-transform and
Fourier transform.

UNIT IV DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS 9

Computation of Impulse & response & Transfer function using Z Transform. DTFT Properties and
examples – LTI-DT systems -Characterization using difference equation – Block diagram representation –
Properties of convolution and the interconnection of LTI Systems – Causality and stability of LTI Systems.

UNIT V SYSTEMS WITH FINITE AND INFINITE DURATION IMPULSE RESPONSE

9
Systems with finite duration and infinite duration impulse response – recursive and non-recursive discrete
time system – realization structures – direct form – I, direct form – II, Transpose, cascade and parallel
forms.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOK
1. AlanV.Oppenheim, Alan S.Willsky with S.Hamid Nawab, Signals & Systems, 2 nd edn., Pearson
Education, 1997.

Page..16
 REFERENCES
1. John G.Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal
Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications, 3rd edn., PHI, 2000.
2. M.J.Roberts, Signals and Systems Analysis using
Transform method and MATLAB, TMH 2003.
3. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems,
John Wiley, 1999
4. K.Lindner, “Signals and Systems”, McGraw Hill
International, 1999.
5. Moman .H. Hays,” Digital Signal Processing “, Schaum’s
outlines, Tata McGraw-Hill Co Ltd., 2004.
6. Ashok Amhardar, “Analog and Digital Signal
Processing”, 2 nd Edition Thomson 2002.

EC1253 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 3 1 0 100

AIM
To familiarize the student to the concepts, calculations and pertaining to electric, magnetic and
electromagnetic fields so that an in depth understanding of antennas, electronic devices, Waveguides is
possible.

OBJECTIVES
 To analyze fields a potentials due to static changes
 To evaluate static magnetic fields
 To understand how materials affect electric and magnetic fields
 To understand the relation between the fields under time varying situations
 To understand principles of propagation of uniform plane waves.

UNIT I STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS 9

Introduction to Co-ordinate System – Rectangular – Cylindrical and Spherical Co-ordinate System –
Introduction to line, Surface and Volume Integrals – Definition of Curl, Divergence and Gradient –
Meaning of Strokes theorem and Divergence theorem
Coulomb’s Law in Vector Form – Definition of Electric Field Intensity – Principle of Superposition –
Electric Field due to discrete charges – Electric field due to continuous charge distribution - Electric Field
due to charges distributed uniformly on an infinite and finite line – Electric Field on the axis of a uniformly
charged circular disc – Electric Field due to an infinite uniformly charged sheet.
Electric Scalar Potential – Relationship between potential and electric field - Potential due to infinite
uniformly charged line – Potential due to electrical dipole - Electric Flux Density – Gauss Law – Proof of
Gauss Law – Applications.

UNIT II STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD 9

The Biot-Savart Law in vector form – Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and infinite wire carrying a
current I – Magnetic field intensity on the axis of a circular and rectangular loop carrying a current I –
Ampere’s circuital law and simple applications.
Magnetic flux density – The Lorentz force equation for a moving charge and applications – Force on a wire
carrying a current I placed in a magnetic field – Torque on a loop carrying a current I – Magnetic moment –
Magnetic Vector Potential.

UNIT III ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATERIALS 9

Poisson’s and Laplace’s equation – Electric Polarization-Nature of dielectric materials- Definition of
Capacitance – Capacitance of various geometries using Laplace’s equation – Electrostatic energy and

Page..17
energy density – Boundary conditions for electric fields – Electric current – Current density – point form of
ohm’s law – continuity equation for current.
Definition of Inductance – Inductance of loops and solenoids – Definition of mutual inductance – simple
examples. Energy density in magnetic fields – Nature of magnetic materials – magnetization and
permeability - magnetic boundary conditions.

UNIT IV TIME VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 9

Faraday’s law – Maxwell’s Second Equation in integral form from Faraday’s Law – Equation expressed in
point form.
Displacement current – Ampere’s circuital law in integral form – Modified form of Ampere’s circuital law
as Maxwell’s first equation in integral form – Equation expressed in point form. Maxwell’s four equations
in integral form and differential form.
Poynting Vector and the flow of power – Power flow in a co-axial cable – Instantaneous Average and
Complex Poynting Vector.

UNIT V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 9

Derivation of Wave Equation – Uniform Plane Waves – Maxwell’s equation in Phasor form – Wave
equation in Phasor form – Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material.
Wave equation for a conducting medium – Plane waves in lossy dielectrics – Propagation in good
conductors – Skin effect.
Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization – Reflection of Plane Wave from a conductor – normal incidence
– Reflection of Plane Waves by a perfect dielectric – normal and oblique incidence. Dependence on
Polarization. Brewster angle.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXTBOOKS
1. William H.Hayt :
“Engineering Electromagnetics” TATA 2003 (Unit I,II,III ).
2. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain
“Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.” Prentice Hall of India 2 nd edition 2003. (Unit
IV, V). McGraw-Hill, 9th reprint

REFERENCES
1. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer: “Fields and Waves in Communications Electronics” John Wiley
& Sons (3rd edition 2003)
2 .Narayana Rao, N : “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics” 4th edition, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi, 1998.
3. M.N.O.Sadiku: “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics” Oxford University Press, Third
edition.
4. David K.Cherp: “Field and Wave Electromagnetics - Second Edition-Pearson Edition.
5. David J.Grithiths: “Introduction to Electrodynamics- III Edition-PHI.

EC1254 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 3 0 0 100

AIM
To teach the basic concepts in the design of electronic circuits using linear integrated circuits and their
applications in the processing of analog signals.

OBJECTIVES
 To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.

Page..18
 To teach the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.
 To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL.
 To teach the theory of ADC and DAC
 To introduce a few special function integrated circuits.

UNIT I CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION FOR LINEAR ICs 9

Current sources, Analysis of difference amplifiers with active loads, supply and temperature independent
biasing, Band gap references, Monolithic IC operational amplifiers, specifications, frequency
compensation, slew rate and methods of improving slew rate.

UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 9

Linear and Nonlinear Circuits using operational amplifiers and their analysis, Inverting and Non inverting
Amplifiers, Differentiator, Integrator, Voltage to current converter, Instrumentation amplifier, Sine wave
Oscillator, Low-pass and band-pass filters, Comparator, Multivibrators and Schmitt trigger, Triangular
wave generator, Precision rectifier, Log and Antilog amplifiers, Non-linear function generator.

UNIT III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL 9

Analysis of four quadrant (Gilbert cell) and variable transconductance multipliers, Voltage controlled
Oscillator, Closed loop analysis of PLL, AM, PM and FSK modulators and demodulators, Frequency
synthesizers, Compander ICs.

UNIT IV ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS 9

Analog switches, High speed sample and hold circuits and sample and hold ICs, Types of D/A converter,
Current driven DAC, Switches for DAC, A/D converter-Flash, Single slope, Dual slope, Successive
approximation, Delta Sigma Modulation, Voltage to Time converters.

UNIT V SPECIAL FUNCTION ICs 9

Astable and Monostable Multivibrators using 555 Timer, Voltage regulators-linear and switched mode
types, Switched capacitor filter, Frequency to Voltage converters, Tuned amplifiers, Power amplifiers and
Isolation Amplifiers, Video amplifiers, Fiber optic ICs and Opto-couplers.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK
1. Sergio Franco, ‘Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits’, McGraw-Hill,
1997.
2. D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., 2000.

REFERENCES
1. Gray and Meyer, ‘Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits’, Wiley International, 1995.
2. J.Michael Jacob, ‘Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits’, Prentice Hall of
India, 1996.
3. Ramakant A.Gayakwad, ‘OP-AMP and Linear IC’s’, Prentice Hall / Pearson Education, 1994.
4. K.R.Botkar, ‘Integrated Circuits’. Khanna Publishers, 1996.
5. Taub and Schilling, Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
6. Millman.J. and Halkias.C.C. ‘Integrated Electronics’, McGraw-Hill, 1972.
7. William D.Stanely, ‘Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits’. Pearson Education,
2004.

EC1255 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION 3 0 0 100

Page..19
AIM
To introduce the concept of measurement and the related instrumentation requirement as a vital ingredient
of electronics and communication engineering.

OBJECTIVE
To learn
 Basic measurement concepts
 Concepts of electronic measurements
 Importance of signal generators and signal analysers in measurements
 Relevance of digital instruments in measurements
 The need for data acquisition systems
 Measurement techniques in optical domains.

UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9

Measurement systems – Static and dynamic characteristics – units and standards of measurements – error
analysis – moving coil, moving iron meters – multimeters – True RMS meters – Bridge measurements –
Maxwell, Hay, Schering, Anderson and Wien bridge.

UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9

Electronic multimeters – Cathode ray oscilloscopes – block schematic – applications – special
oscilloscopes – Q meters – Vector meters – RF voltage and power measurements.

UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9

Function generators – RF signal generators – Sweep generators – Frequency synthesizer – wave analyzer –
Harmonic distortion analyzer – spectrum analyzer.

UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9

Comparison of analog and digital techniques – digital voltmeter – multimeters – frequency counters –
measurement of frequency and time interval – extension of frequency range – measurement errors.

UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC MEASUREMENTS

9
Elements of a digital data acquisition system – interfacing of transducers – multiplexing – computer
controlled instrumentation – IEEE 488 bus – fiber optic measurements for power and system loss – optical
time domains reflectometer.

TOTAL : 45

TEXT BOOK
1. Albert D.Helfrick and William D.Cooper – Modern Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

REFERENCES
1. Joseph J.Carr, Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement, Pearson education, 2003.
2. Alan. S. Morris, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of India, 2 nd edn.,
2003.
3. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems- Application and Design-Tata McGraw-Hill-2004.

Page..20
EC1256 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS II AND SIMULATION LAB 0 0 3 100

1. Series and Shunt feedback amplifiers:

Frequency response, Input and output impedance calculation
2. Design of RC Phase shift oscillator: Design Wein Bridge Oscillator
3. Design of Hartley and Colpitts Oscilator
4. Tuned Class C
5. Integrators, Differentiators, Clippers and Clampers
6. Design of Astable and Monostable and Bistable multivibrators

SIMULATION USING PSPICE:

1. Differentiate amplifier
2. Active filter : Butterworth IInd order LPF
3. Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrator - Transistor bias
4. D/A and A/D converter (Successive approximation)
5. Analog multiplier
6. CMOS Inventor, NAND and NOR

EC1257 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB 0 0 3 100

Design and testing of:

1. Inverting, Non inverting and Differential amplifiers.
2. Integrator and Differentiator.
3. Instrumentation amplifier.
4. Active lowpass and bandpass filter.
5. Astable, Monostable multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger using op-amp.
6. Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillator using op-amp.
7. Astable and monostable using NE555 Timer.
8. PLL characteristics and Frequency Multiplier using PLL.
9. DC power supply using LM317 and LM723.
10. Study of SMPS control IC SG3524 / SG3525.

EC1258 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0 0 3 100

1. Design and implementation of Adders and Subtractors using logic gates.

2. Design and implementation of code converters using logic gates
(i) BCD to excess-3 code and voice versa
(ii) Binary to gray and vice-versa
3. Design and implementation of 4 bit binary Adder/ subtractor and BCD adder using IC 7483
4. Design and implementation of2Bit Magnitude Comparator using logic gates 8 Bit Magnitude
Comparator using IC 7485
5. Design and implementation of 16 bit odd/even parity checker generator using IC74180.
6. Design and implementation of Multiplexer and De-multiplexer using logic gates and study of
IC74150 and IC 74154
7. Design and implementation of encoder and decoder using logic gates and study of IC7445 and
IC74147
8. Construction and verification of 4 bit ripple counter and Mod-10 / Mod-12 Ripple counters
9. Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous up/down counter
10. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using Flip- flopss

GE1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES 3 0 0 100

OBJECTIVE
 To create an awareness on Engineering Ethics and Human Values.

Page..21
 To instill Moral and Social Values and Loyalty
 To appreciate the rights of Others

1. HUMAN VALUES 10
Morals, Values and Ethics – Integrity – Work Ethic – Service Learning – Civic Virtue – Respect for Others
– Living Peacefully – caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing Time – Co-operation –
Commitment – Empathy – Self-Confidence – Character – Spirituality

2. ENGINEERING ETHICS 9
Senses of 'Engineering Ethics' - variety of moral issued - types of inquiry - moral dilemmas - moral
autonomy - Kohlberg's theory - Gilligan's theory - consensus and controversy – Models of Professional
Roles - theories about right action - Self-interest - customs and religion - uses of ethical theories.

3. ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION 9

Engineering as experimentation - engineers as responsible experimenters - codes of ethics - a balanced
outlook on law - the challenger case study

4. SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS 9

Safety and risk - assessment of safety and risk - risk benefit analysis and reducing risk - the three mile
island and chernobyl case studies.
Collegiality and loyalty - respect for authority - collective bargaining - confidentiality - conflicts of interest
- occupational crime - professional rights - employee rights - Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) -
discrimination.

5. GLOBAL ISSUES 8
Multinational corporations - Environmental ethics - computer ethics - weapons development - engineers as
managers-consulting engineers-engineers as expert witnesses and advisors -moral leadership-sample code
of Ethics like ASME, ASCE, IEEE, Institution of Engineers(India), Indian Institute of Materials
Management, Institution of electronics and telecommunication engineers(IETE),India, etc.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, “Ethics in Engineering”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996.
2. Govindarajan M, Natarajan S, Senthil Kumar V. S, “Engineering Ethics”, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2004.

REFERENCES
1. Charles D. Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”, Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2004
(Indian Reprint)
2. Charles E Harris, Michael S. Protchard and Michael J Rabins, “Engineering Ethics – Concepts and
Cases”, Wadsworth Thompson Learning, United States, 2000 (Indian Reprint now available)
3. John R Boatright, “Ethics and the Conduct of Business”, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003.
4. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and Engineers”,
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.

EC1301 COMMUNICATION THEORY 3 1 0 100

AIM
To study the various analog communication fundamentals viz., Amplitude modulation and demodulation,
angle modulation and demodulation. Noise performance of various receivers and information theory with
source coding theorem are also dealt.

Page..22
OBJECTIVE
 To provide various Amplitude modulation and demodulation systems.
 To provide various Angle modulation and demodulation systems.
 To provide some depth analysis in noise performance of various receiver.
 To study some basic information theory with some channel coding theorem.

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATIONS 9

Generation and demodulation of AM, DSB-SC, SSB-SC, VSB Signals, Filtering of sidebands, Comparison
of Amplitude modulation systems, Frequency translation, Frequency Division multiplexing, AM
transmitters – Superhetrodyne receiver, AM receiver.

UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION 9

Angle modulation, frequency modulation, Narrowband and wideband FM, transmission bandwidth of FM
signals, Generation of FM signal – Direct FM – indirect FM, Demodulation of FM signals, FM stereo
multiplexing, PLL – Nonlinear model and linear model of PLL, Non-linear effects in FM systems, FM
Broadcast receivers, FM stereo receives.

UNIT III NOISE PERFORMANCE OF DSB, SSB RECEIVERS 9

Noise – Shot noise, thermal noise, White noise, Noise equivalent Bandwidth, Narrowband noise,
Representation of Narrowband noise in terms of envelope and phase components, Sinewave plus
Narrowband Noise, Receiver model, Noise in DSB-SC receiver, Noise in SSB receiver

UNIT IV NOISE PERFORMANCE OF AM AND FM RECEIVERS 9

Noise in AM receivers threshold effect, Noise in FM receivers capture effect, FM threshold effect, FM
threshold reduction, Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM, Comparison of performance of AM and FM
systems.

UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY 9

Uncertainty, Information and entropy, Source coding theorem, Data compaction, Discrete memory less
channels, mutual information, channel capacity, channel coding theorem, Differential entropy, and mutual
information for continuous ensembles, information capacity theorem, implication of the information
capacity theorem, rate distortion theory, Compression of information.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley & sons, NY, 4th Edition, 2001.

REFERENCES
1. Roddy and Coolen, Electronic communication, PHI, New Delhi, 4th Edition, 2003.
1. Taub and Schilling, Principles of communication systems, TMH, New Delhi, 1995.
2. Bruce Carlson et al, Communication systems, McGraw-Hill Int., 4th Edition, 2002.

EC1302 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 1 0 100

AIM
To study the signal processing methods and processors.

Page..23
OBJECTIVES
 To study DFT and its computation
 To study the design techniques for digital filters
 To study the finite word length effects in signal processing
 To study the non-parametric methods of power spectrum estimations
 To study the fundamentals of digital signal processors.

UNIT I FFT 9
Introduction to DFT – Efficient computation of DFT Properties of DFT – FFT algorithms – Radix-2 FFT
algorithms – Decimation in Time – Decimation in Frequency algorithms –Use of FFT algorithms in Linear
Filtering and correlation.

UNIT II DIGITAL FILTERS DESIGN 9

Amplitude and phase responses of FIR filters – Linear phase filters – Windowing techniques for design of
Linear phase FIR filters – Rectangular, Hamming, Kaiser windows – frequency sampling techniques – IIR
Filters – Magnitude response – Phase response – group delay - Design of Low Pass Butterworth filters (low
pass) - Bilinear transformation – prewarping, impulse invariant transformation.

UNIT III FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS 9

Quantization noise – derivation for quantization noise power – Fixed point and binary floating point
number representation – comparison – over flow error – truncation error – co-efficient quantization error -
limit cycle oscillation – signal scaling – analytical model of sample and hold operations.

UNIT IV POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION 9

Computation of Energy density spectrum – auto correlation and power spectrum of random signals.
Periodogram – use of DFT in power spectrum estimation – Non parametric methods for power spectral
estimation: Bartlett and Welch methods – Blackman and Tukey method.

UNIT V DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS 9

Introduction to DSP architecture – Harvard architecture - Dedicated MAC unit - Multiple ALUs, Advanced
addressing modes, Pipelining, Overview of instruction set of TMS320C5X and C54X.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. John G Proakis, Dimtris G Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and
Application, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2000,
2. B.Venkataramani & M. Bhaskar, Digital Signal Processor Architecture, Programming and Application,
TMH 2002. (UNIT – V)

REFERENCES
1. Alan V Oppenheim, Ronald W Schafer, John R Back, Discrete Time Signal Processing, PHI, 2 nd
Edition 2000,
2. Avtar singh, S.Srinivasan DSP Implementation using DSP microprocessor with Examples from
TMS32C54XX -Thamson / Brooks cole Publishers, 2003
3. S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, Gnanapriya, Digital Signal Processing, McGraw-Hill / TMH, 2000
4. Johny R.Johnson :Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1984.
5. S.K.Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing- A Computer based approach”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1998, New
Delhi.

Page..24
EC1303 MICROPROCESSORS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 100

AIM
To learn the architecture programming and interfacing of microprocessors and microcontrollers.

OBJECTIVES
 To introduce the architecture and programming of 8085 microprocessor.
 To introduce the interfacing of peripheral devices with 8085 microprocessor.
 To introduce the architecture and programming of 8086 microprocessor.
 To introduce the architecture, programming and interfacing of 8051 micro controller.

UNIT I 8085 CPU 9

8085 Architecture – Instruction set – Addressing modes – Timing diagrams – Assembly language
programming – Counters – Time Delays – Interrupts – Memory interfacing – Interfacing, I/O devices.

UNIT II PERIPHERALS INTERFACING 9

Interfacing Serial I/O (8251)- parallel I/O (8255) –Keyboard and Display controller (8279) – ADC/DAC
interfacing – Inter Integrated Circuits interfacing (I2C Standard)-
Bus: RS232C-RS485-GPIB

UNIT III 8086 CPU 9

Intel 8086 Internal Architecture – 8086 Addressing modes- Instruction set- 8086 Assembly language
Programming–Interrupts.

UNIT IV 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 9

8051 Micro controller hardware- I/O pins, ports and circuits- External memory –Counters and Timers-
Serial Data I/O- Interrupts-Interfacing to external memory and 8255.

UNIT V 8051 PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS 9

8051 instruction set – Addressing modes – Assembly language programming – I/O port programming
-Timer and counter programming – Serial Communication – Interrupt programming –8051 Interfacing:
LCD, ADC, Sensors, Stepper Motors, Keyboard and DAC.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ramesh S Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and application with 8085, 4 th Edition,
Penram International Publishing, New Delhi, 2000. (Unit I, II)
2. John Uffenbeck, The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, Third Edition. Pearson
Education, 2002.
3. Mohammed Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded
Systems, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2003. (Unit IV, V)
REFERENCES
1. A.K. Ray and K.M.Burchandi, Intel Microprocessors Architecture Programming and Interfacing,
McGraw Hill International Edition, 2000
2. Kenneth J Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture Programming and Application, 2 nd Edition,
Penram International Publishers (India), New Delhi, 1996.
3. M. Rafi Quazzaman, Microprocessors Theory and Applications: Intel and Motorola prentice Hall of
India, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

EC1304 CONTROL SYSTEMS 3 1 0 100

Page..25
AIM
To familiarize the students with concepts related to the operation analysis and stabilization of control
systems

OBJECTIVES
 To understand the open loop and closed loop (feedback ) systems
 To understand time domain and frequency domain analysis of control systems required for stability
analysis.
 To understand the compensation technique that can be used to stabilize control systems

UNIT I CONTROL SYSTEM MODELLING 9

System concept, differential equations and transfer functions. Modelling of electric systems, translational
and rotational mechanical systems, Simple electromechanical systems.
Block diagram representation of systems – Block diagram reduction methods – Closed loop transfer
function, determination of signal flow graph. Mason’s gain formula – Examples.

UNIT II TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS 9

Test signals – time response of first order and second order systems – time domain specifications – types
and order of systems – generalised error co-efficients – steady state errors – concepts of stability – Routh-
Hurwitz stability – root locus.

UNIT III FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS 9

Introduction – correlation between time and frequency response – stability analysis using Bode plots, Polar
plots, Nichols chart and Nyquist stability criterion – Gain margin – phase margin.

UNIT IV COMPENSATORS 9
Realization of basic compensators – cascade compensation in time domain and frequency domain and
feedback compensation – design of lag, lead, lag-lead compensator using Bode plot and Root locus.
Introduction to P, PI and PID controllers.

UNIT V CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND APPLICATION OF CONTROL

SYSTEMS 9
Stepper motors – AC servo motor – DC servo motor – Synchros – sensors and encoders – DC tacho
generator – AC tacho generator – Hydraulic controller – Pneumatic controller – Typical application of
control system in industry.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ogata.K, Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, 4th Edition, 2003 (UNIT I – IV)
2. Nagrath & Gopal, Control System Engineering, 3rd Edition, New Age International Edition, 2002.
(UNIT V)

REFERENCES
1. Benjamin.C.Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 7th Edition – Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
2. M.Gopal, Control Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1997

EC1305 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES 3 1 0 100

Page..26
AIM
To lay a strong foundation on the theory of transmission lines and wave guides by highlighting their
applications.

OBJECTIVES
 To become familiar with propagation of signals through lines
 Understand signal propagation at Radio frequencies
 Understand radio propagation in guided systems
 To become familiar with resonators

UNIT I TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 9

Different types of transmission lines – Definition of Characteristic impedance – The transmission line as a
cascade of T-Sections - Definition of Propagation Constant.
General Solution of the transmission line – The two standard forms for voltage and current of a line
terminated by an impedance – physical significance of the equation and the infinite line – The two standard
forms for the input impedance of a transmission line terminated by an impedance – meaning of reflection
coefficient – wavelength and velocity of propagation.
Waveform distortion – distortion less transmission line – The telephone cable – Inductance loading of
telephone cables.
Input impedance of lossless lines – reflection on a line not terminated by Zo - Transfer impedance –
reflection factor and reflection loss – T and ∏ Section equivalent to lines.

UNIT II THE LINE AT RADIO FREQUENCIES 9

Standing waves and standing wave ratio on a line – One eighth wave line – The quarter wave line and
impedance matching – the half wave line.
The circle diagram for the dissipationless line – The Smith Chart – Application of the Smith Chart –
Conversion from impedance to reflection coefficient and vice-versa. Impedance to Admittance conversion
and viceversa – Input impedance of a lossless line terminated by an impedance – single stub matching and
double stub matching.

UNIT III GUIDED WAVES 8

Waves between parallel planes of perfect conductors – Transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves –
characteristics of TE and TM Waves – Transverse Electromagnetic waves – Velocities of propagation –
component uniform plane waves between parallel planes – Attenuation of TE and TM waves in parallel
plane guides – Wave impedances.

UNIT IV RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES 9

Transverse Magnetic Waves in Rectangular Wave guides – Transverse Electric Waves in Rectangular
Waveguides – characteristic of TE and TM Waves – Cutoff wavelength and phase velocity – Impossibility
of TEM waves in waveguides – Dominant mode in rectangular waveguide – Attenuation of TE and TM
modes in rectangular waveguides – Wave impedances – characteristic impedance – Excitation of modes.

UNIT V CIRCULAR WAVE GUIDES AND RESONATORS 10

Bessel functions – Solution of field equations in cylindrical co-ordinates – TM and TE waves in circular
guides – wave impedances and characteristic impedance – Dominant mode in circular waveguide –
excitation of modes – Microwave cavities, Rectangular cavity resonators, circular cavity resonator,
semicircular cavity resonator, Q factor of a cavity resonator for TE101 mode.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS

Page..27
1. J.D.Ryder “Networks, Lines and Fields”, PHI, New Delhi, 2003. (Unit I & II)
2. E.C. Jordan and K.G.Balmain “Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating System, PHI, New Delhi, 2003.
(Unit III, IV & V)

REFERENCES
1. Ramo, Whineery and Van Duzer: “Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics” John Wiley,
2003.
2. David M.Pozar: Microwave Engineering – 2nd Edition – John Wiley.
3. David K.Cheng,Field and Waves in Electromagnetism, Pearson Education, 1989.

EC1306 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY 0 0 3 100

AIM
To introduce the student to various digital Signal Processing techniques using TMS 320c5x family
processors and MATLAB.

OBJECTIVES:
 To implement the processing techniques using the instructions of TMS320c5x.
 To implement the IIR and FIR filter using MATLAB.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

USING TMS320C5X
1. Study of various addressing modes of DSP using simple programming examples
2. Sampling of input signal and display
3. Implementation of FIR filter
4. Calculation of FFT

USING MATLAB
1. Generation of Signals
2. Linear and circular convolution of two sequences
3. Sampling and effect of aliasing
4. Design of FIR filters
5. Design of IIR filters
6. Calculation of FFT of a signal

EC1307 MICROPROCESSOR AND APPLICATIONS LAB 0 0 3 100

1. Programs for 8/16 bit Arithmetic operations (Using 8085).

2. Programs for Sorting and Searching (Using 8085, 8086).
3. Programs for String manipulation operations (Using 8086).
4. Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch (Using 8086).
5. Interfacing ADC and DAC.
6. Parallel Communication between two MP Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of 8255.
7. Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253.
8. Serial Communication between two MP Kits using 8251.
9. Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed control.
10. Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of 8051microcontroller.
11. Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8031 microcontroller.
12. Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and PC.

MG1351 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 3 0 0 100

Page..28
OBJECTIVE

Knowledge on the principles of management is essential for all kinds of people in all kinds of
organizations. After studying this course, students will be able to have a clear understanding of the
managerial functions like planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. Students will also gain
some basic knowledge on international aspect of management.

1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 9
Definition of Management – Science or Art – Management and Administration – Development of
Management Thought – Contribution of Taylor and Fayol – Functions of Management – Types of Business
Organisation.

2. PLANNING 9
Nature & Purpose – Steps involved in Planning – Objectives – Setting Objectives – Process of Managing
by Objectives – Strategies, Policies & Planning Premises- Forecasting – Decision-making.

3. ORGANISING 9
Nature and Purpose – Formal and informal organization – Organization Chart – Structure and Process –
Departmentation by difference strategies – Line and Staff authority – Benefits and Limitations – De-
Centralization and Delegation of Authority – Staffing – Selection Process - Techniques – HRD –
Managerial Effectiveness.

4. DIRECTING 9
Scope – Human Factors – Creativity and Innovation – Harmonizing Objectives – Leadership – Types of
Leadership Motivation – Hierarchy of needs – Motivation theories – Motivational Techniques – Job
Enrichment – Communication – Process of Communication – Barriers and Breakdown – Effective
Communication – Electronic media in Communication.

5. CONTROLLING 9
System and process of Controlling – Requirements for effective control – The Budget as Control Technique
– Information Technology in Controlling – Use of computers in handling the information – Productivity –
Problems and Management – Control of Overall Performance – Direct and Preventive Control – Reporting
– The Global Environment – Globalization and Liberalization – International Management and Global
theory of Management.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Harold Kooritz & Heinz Weihrich “Essentials of Management”, Tata McGraw-Hill,1998
2. Joseph L Massie “Essentials of Management”, Prentice Hall of India, (Pearson) Fourth Edition,
2003.

REFERENCES
1. Tripathy PC And Reddy PN, “ Principles of Management”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1999.
2. Decenzo David, Robbin Stephen A, ”Personnel and Human Reasons Management”, Prentice Hall
of India, 1996
3. JAF Stomer, Freeman R. E and Daniel R Gilbert Management, Pearson Education, Sixth Edition,
2004.
4. Fraidoon Mazda, “Engineering Management”, Addison Wesley,-2000.

EC1351 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 3 1 0 100

Page..29
AIM
To introduce the basic concepts of Digital Communication modulation to baseband, passband modulation
and to give an exposure to error control coding and finally to discuss about the spread spectrum modulation
schemes.

OBJECTIVES
 To study pulse modulation and discuss the process of sampling, quantization and coding
that are fundamental to the digital transmission of analog signals.
 To learn baseband pulse transmission, which deals with the transmission of pulse-
amplitude, modulated signals in their baseband form.
 To learn error control coding which encompasses techniques for the encoding and
decoding of digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy channels.

UNIT I PULSE MODULATION 9

Sampling process –PAM- other forms of pulse modulation –Bandwidth –Noise trade off –Quantization –
PCM- Noise considerations in PCM Systems-TDM- Digital multiplexers-Virtues, Limitation and
modification of PCM-Delta modulation –Linear prediction –differential pulse code modulation – Adaptive
Delta Modulation.

UNIT II BASEBAND PULSE TRANSMISSION 9

Matched Filter- Error Rate due to noise –Intersymbol Interference- Nyquist’s criterion for Distortionless
Base band Binary Transmission- Correlative level coding –Baseb and M-ary PAM transmission –Adaptive
Equalization –Eye patterns

UNIT III PASSBAND DATA TRANSMISSION 9

Introduction – Pass band Transmission model- Generation, Detection, Signal space diagram, bit error
probability and Power spectra of BPSK, QPSK, FSK and MSK schemes –Differential phase shift keying –
Comparison of Digital modulation systems using a single carrier – Carrier and symbol synchronization.

UNIT IV ERROR CONTROL CODING 9

Discrete memoryless channels – Linear block codes - Cyclic codes - Convolutional codes – Maximum
likelihood decoding of convolutional codes-Viterbi Algorithm, Trellis coded Modulation, Turbo codes.

UNIT V SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION 9

Pseudo- noise sequences –a notion of spread spectrum – Direct sequence spread spectrum with coherent
binary phase shift keying – Signal space Dimensionality and processing gain –Probability of error –
Frequency –hop spread spectrum –Maximum length and Gold codes.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. Simon Haykins, “Communication Systems” John Wiley, 4th Edition, 2001

REFERENCES
1. Sam K.Shanmugam “Analog & Digital Communication” John Wiley.
2. John G.Proakis, “Digital Communication” McGraw Hill 3rd Edition, 1995
3. Taub & Schilling , “Principles of Digital Communication “ Tata McGraw-Hill” 28th reprint, 2003
4. Bernard's

Page..30
CS1302 COMPUTER NETWORKS 3 0 0 100

AIM
To introduce the concept, terminologies, and technologies used in modern data communication and
computer networking.

OBJECTIVES
 To introduce the students the functions of different layers.
 To introduce IEEE standard employed in computer networking.
 To make students to get familiarized with different protocols and network components.

UNIT I DATA COMMUNICATIONS 8

Components – Direction of Data flow – networks – Components and Categories – types of Connections –
Topologies –Protocols and Standards – ISO / OSI model – Transmission Media – Coaxial Cable – Fiber
Optics – Line Coding – Modems – RS232 Interfacing sequences.

UNIT II DAT LINK LAYER 12

Error – detection and correction – Parity – LRC – CRC – Hamming code – Flow Control and Error control:
stop and wait – go back N ARQ – selective repeat ARQ- sliding window techniques – HDLC.
LAN: Ethernet IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, and IEEE 802.5 – IEEE 802.11–FDDI, SONET – Bridges.

UNIT III NETWORK LAYER 10

Internetworks - Packet Switching and Datagram approach – IP addressing methods – Subnetting – Routing
– Distance Vector Routing – Link State Routing – Routers.

UNIT IV TRANSPORT LAYER 8

Duties of transport layer – Multiplexing – Demultiplexing – Sockets – User Datagram Protocol (UDP) –
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Congestion Control – Quality of services (QOS) – Integrated
Services.

UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER 7

Domain Name Space (DNS) – SMTP, FDP, HTTP, WWW – Security – Cryptography.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Behrouz A. Foruzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.

REFERENCES
1. James .F. Kurouse & W. Rouse, “Computer Networking: A Topdown Approach Featuring”,
Pearson Education.
2. Larry L.Peterson & Peter S. Davie, “COMPUTER NETWORKS”, Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd.,
Second Edition.
3. Andrew S. Tannenbaum, “Computer Networks”, PHI, Fourth Edition, 2003.
4. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education,
2000.

EC1352 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION 3 1 0 100

AIM

Page..31
To enable the student to study the various types of antennas and wave propagation.

OBJECTIVES
 To study radiation from a current element.
 To study antenna arrays
 To study aperture antennas
 To learn special antennas such as frequency independent and broad band antennas.
 To study radio wave propagation.

UNIT I RADIATION FIELDS OF WIRE ANTENNAS 9

Concept of vector potential. Modification for time varying, retarded case. Fields associated with Hertzian
dipole. Power radiated and radiation resistance of current element. Radiation resistance of elementary
dipole with linear current distribution. Radiation from half-wave dipole and quarter-wave monopole.
Assumed current distribution for wire antennas. Use of capacity hat and loading coil for short antennas.

UNIT II ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 9

Definitions: Radiation intensity. Directive gain. Directivity. Power gain. Beam Width. Band Width. Gain
and radiation resistance of current element. Half-wave dipole and folded dipole. Reciprocity principle.
Effective length and Effective area. Relation between gain effective length and radiation resistance.
Loop Antennas: Radiation from small loop and its radiation resistance. Radiation from a loop with
circumference equal to a wavelength and resultant circular polarization on axis.
Helical antenna. Normal mode and axial mode operation.
Antenna Arrays: Expression for electric field from two and three element arrays. Uniform linear array.
Method of pattern multiplication. Binomial array. Use of method of images for antennas above ground.

UNIT III TRAVELLING WAVE (WIDEBAND) ANTENNAS 9

Radiation from a traveling wave on a wire. Analysis of Rhombic antenna. Design of Rhombic antennas.
Coupled Antennas: Self and mutual impedance of antennas. Two and three element Yagi antennas. Log
periodic antenna. Reason for feeding from end with shorter dipoles and need for transposing the lines.
Effects of decreasing α.

UNIT IV APERTURE AND LENS ANTENNAS. 9

Radiation from an elemental area of a plane wave (Huygen’s Source). Radiation from the open end of a
coaxial line. Radiation from a rectangular aperture treated as an array of Huygen’s sources. Equivalence of
fields of a slot and complementary dipole. Relation between dipole and slot impedances. Method of feeding
slot antennas. Thin slot in an infinite cylinder. Field on the axis of an E-Plane sectoral horn. Radiation from
circular aperture. Beam Width and Effective area.
Reflector type of antennas (dish antennas). Dielectric lens and metal plane lens antennas. Lumeberg lens.
Spherical waves and Biconical antenna.

UNIT V PROPAGATION 9
The three basic types of propagation; ground wave, space wave and sky wave propagation.
Sky wave propagation: Structure of the ionosphere. Effective dielectric constant of ionized region.
Mechanism of refraction. Refractive index. Critical frequency. Skip distance. Effect of earth’s magnetic
field. Energy loss in the ionosphere due to collisions. Maximum usable frequency. Fading and Diversity
reception.
Space wave propagation: Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally polarized waves.
Reflection characteristics of earth. Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the receiver. Duct propagation.
Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation. Calculation of field
strength at a distance.

Page..32
TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXTBOOK
1. E.C.Jordan and Balmain, "Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating
Systems", PHI, 1968, Reprint 2003.

REFERENCES
1. John D.Kraus and Ronalatory
Marhefka, "Antennas", Tata McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2002.
2. R.E.Collins, 'Antennas and Radio
Propagation ", McGraw-Hill, 1987.
3. Ballany , "Antenna Theory " , John
Wiley & Sons, second edition , 2003.

CS1251 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE 3 0 0 100

AIM

To discuss the basic structure of a digital computer and to study in detail the organization of the Control
unit, the Arithmetic and Logical unit, the Memory unit and the I/O unit.

OBJECTIVES
 To have a thorough understanding of the basic structure and operation of a digital computer.
 To discuss in detail the operation of the arithmetic unit including the algorithms & implementation
of fixed-point and floating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication & division.
 To study in detail the different types of control and the concept of pipelining.
 To study the hierarchical memory system including cache memories and virtual memory.
 To study the different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O interfaces.

UNIT I BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS 10

Functional units- Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures, Software Performance – Memory locations
& addresses – Memory operations – Instruction and instruction sequencing – addressing modes – assembly
language – Basic I/O operations – stacks and queues.

UNIT II ARITHMETIC 8
Addition and subtraction of signed numbers – Design of fast adders – multiplication of positive numbers-
signed operand multiplication and fast multiplication – Integer division – floating point numbers and
operations.

UNIT III BASIC PROCESSING UNIT 9

Fundamental concepts – Execution of a complete Instruction – Multiple bus organization – Hardwired
control – microprogrammed control.
Pipelining – Basic concepts – data hazards – instruction hazards – influence on Instruction sets – Data path
and control consideration – Superscalar operation.

UNIT IV MEMORY SYSTEM 9

Basic concepts – semiconductor RAMs, ROMs – Speed, size and cost – cache memories - Performance
consideration – Virtual memory- Memory Management requirements – Secondary storage.

Page..33
UNIT-V I/O ORGANIZATION 9
Accessing I/O devices – Interrupts – Direct Memory Access – Buses – Interface Circuits – Standard I/O
Interfaces (PCI, SCSI, USB).

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic and Safwat Zaky, “Computer
Organization” 5th Ed, McGraw Hill, 2002.

REFERENCES
1. William Stallings, “Computer Organization & Architecture – Designing for
Performance”, 6th Ed., Pearson Education, 2003 reprint.
2. David A.Patterson and John L.Hennessy, “Computer Organization & Design, the
hardware / software interface”, 2nd Ed, Morgan Kaufmann, 2002 reprint.
3. John P.Hayes, “Computer Architecture & Organization”, 3rd Ed, McGraw-Hill, 1998.

MA1251 NUMERICAL METHODS 3 1 0 100

AIM
With the present development of the computer technology, it is necessary to develop efficient algorithms
for solving problems in science, engineering and technology. This course gives a complete procedure for
solving different kinds of problems occur in engineering numerically.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would be acquainted with the basic concepts in numerical methods
and their uses are summarized as follows:

 The roots of nonlinear (algebraic or transcendental) equations, solutions of large

system of linear equations and eigenvalue problem of a matrix can be obtained numerically where
analytical methods fail to give solution.
 When huge amounts of experimental data are involved, the methods discussed on
interpolation will be useful in constructing approximate polynomial to represent the data and to
find the intermediate values.
 The numerical differentiation and integration find application when the function in
the analytical form is too complicated or the huge amounts of data are given such as series of
measurements, observations or some other empirical information.
 Since many physical laws are couched in terms of rate of change of one/two or
more independent variables, most of the engineering problems are characterized in the form of
either nonlinear ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations. The methods
introduced in the solution of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations will
be useful in attempting any engineering problem.

UNIT I SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS 9+3

Linear interpolation methods (method of false position) – Newton’s method – Statement of Fixed Point
Theorem – Fixed point iteration: x=g(x) method – Solution of linear system by Gaussian elimination and
Gauss-Jordon methods- Iterative methods: Gauss Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods- Inverse of a matrix by
Gauss Jordon method – Eigenvalue of a matrix by power method.

UNIT II INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION 9+ 3

Lagrangian Polynomials – Divided differences – Interpolating with a cubic spline – Newton’s forward and
backward difference formulas.

Page..34
UNIT III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 9+ 3

Derivatives from difference tables – Divided differences and finite differences –Numerical integration by
trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 rules – Romberg’s method – Two and Three point Gaussian
quadrature formulas – Double integrals using trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.

UNIT IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

9+ 3
Single step methods: Taylor series method – Euler and modified Euler methods – Fourth order Runge –
Kutta method for solving first and second order equations – Multistep methods: Milne’s and Adam’s
predictor and corrector methods.

UNIT V BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9+ 3
Finite difference solution of second order ordinary differential equation – Finite difference solution of one
dimensional heat equation by explicit and implicit methods – One dimensional wave equation and two
dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.

TUTORIAL 15

TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Gerald, C.F, and Wheatley, P.O, “Applied Numerical Analysis”, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education
Asia, New Delhi, 2002.
2. Balagurusamy, E., “Numerical Methods”, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub.Co.Ltd, New Delhi, 1999.

REFERENCES
1. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K. and Gunavathy, K., “Numerical Methods”, S.Chand Co.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
2. Burden, R.L and Faires, T.D., “Numerical Analysis”, Seventh Edition, Thomson Asia Pvt.
Ltd., Singapore, 2002.

EC1353 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY 0 0 3 100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1 Radiation pattern of Halfwave dipole Antenna

2. Radiation pattern of yagi Antenna
3. Radiation pattern of loop Antenna
4. Characteristics of AM receiver (Selectivity & Sensitivity)
5. Characteristics of FM receiver (Selectivity & Sensitivity)
6. Sampling & time division multiplexing
7. Pulse modulation- PAM / PWM /PPM
8. Pulse code modulation
9. Line coding & Decoding
10. Delta modulation / Differential pulse code modulation
11. Digital modulation –ASK, PSK, QPSK, FSK

EC1354 NETWORKS LABORATORY 0 0 3 100

1. PC to PC Communication
Parallel Communication using 8 bit parallel cable
Serial communication using RS 232C

Page..35
2. Ethernet LAN protocol
To create scenario and study the performance of CSMA/CD protocol ethrol simulation
3. Token bus and token ring protocols
To create scenario and study the performance of token bus and token ring protocols through
simulation
4. Wireless LAN protocols
To create scenario and study the performance of network with CSMA / CA protocol and compare
with CSMA/CD protocols.
5. Implementation and study of stop and wait protocol
6. Implementation and study of Goback-N and selective ret protocols
7. Implementation of distance vector routing algorithm
8. Implementation of Link state routing algorithm
9. Implementation of Data encryption and decryption
10. Transfer of files from PC to PC using Windows / Unix socket processing

EC1355 ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN LAB 0 0 3 100

1. DC power supply design using buck – boost converters

Design the buck-boost converter for the given input voltage variation, load current and output
voltage. Plot the regulation characteristics.

2. DC power supply design using fly back converter (Isolated type)

Design the fly back converter using ferrite core transformer for the given input voltage variation
load current and output voltage.
Plot the regulation characteristics.

3. Design of a 4-20mA transmitter for a bridge type transducer.

Design the Instrumentation amplifier with the bridge type transducer (Thermistor or any resistance
variation transducers) and convert the amplified voltage from the instrumentation amplifier to 4 –
20 mA current using op-amp. Plot the variation of the temperature Vs output current.

4. Design of AC/DC voltage regulator using SCR

Design a phase controlled voltage regulator using full wave rectifier and SCR, vary the conduction
angle and plot the output voltage.

5. Design of process control timer

Design a sequential timer to switch on & off at least 3 relays in a particular sequence using timer
IC.

6. Design of AM / FM modulator / demodulator

ii. Design AM signal using multiplier IC for the given carrier frequency and modulation index
and demodulate the AM signal using envelope detector.
iii. Design FM signal using VCO IC NE566 for the given carrier frequency and demodulate the
same using PLL NE 565.

7. Design of Wireless date modem.

Design a FSK modulator using 555 and convert it to sine wave using filter and transmit the same
using IR LED and demodulate the same PLL NE 565.

8. PCB layout design using CAD

Page..36
 Drawing the schematic of simple electronic circuit and design of PCB layout using CAD

9. Microcontroller based systems design

Design of microcontroller based system for simple applications like security systems combination
lock etc. using 89c series flash micro controller.

10. DSP based system design

Design a DSP based system for simple applications like echo generation, etc. using TMS 320 DSP
kit.

MG1401 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT 3 0 0 100

OBJECTIVE
 To understand the Total Quality Management concept and principles and the various tools
available to achieve Total Quality Management.
 To understand the statistical approach for quality control.
 To create an awareness about the ISO and QS certification process and its need for the
industries.

1. INTRODUCTION 9
Definition of Quality, Dimensions of Quality, Quality Planning, Quality costs - Analysis Techniques for
Quality Costs, Basic concepts of Total Quality Management, Historical Review, Principles of TQM,
Leadership – Concepts, Role of Senior Management, Quality Council, Quality Statements, Strategic
Planning, Deming Philosophy, Barriers to TQM Implementation.

2. TQM PRINCIPLES 9
Customer satisfaction – Customer Perception of Quality, Customer Complaints, Service Quality, Customer
Retention, Employee Involvement – Motivation, Empowerment, Teams, Recognition and Reward,
Performance Appraisal, Benefits, Continuous Process Improvement – Juran Trilogy, PDSA Cycle, 5S,
Kaizen, Supplier Partnership – Partnering, sourcing, Supplier Selection, Supplier Rating, Relationship
Development, Performance Measures – Basic Concepts, Strategy, Performance Measure.

3. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC) 9

The seven tools of quality, Statistical Fundamentals – Measures of central Tendency and Dispersion,
Population and Sample, Normal Curve, Control Charts for variables and attributes, Process capability,
Concept of six sigma, New seven Management tools.

4. TQM TOOLS 9
Benchmarking – Reasons to Benchmark, Benchmarking Process, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) –
House of Quality, QFD Process, Benefits, Taguchi Quality Loss Function, Total Productive Maintenance
(TPM) – Concept, Improvement Needs, FMEA – Stages of FMEA.

5. QUALITY SYSTEMS 9
Need for ISO 9000 and Other Quality Systems, ISO 9000:2000 Quality System – Elements,
Implementation of Quality System, Documentation, Quality Auditing, TS 16949, ISO 14000 – Concept,
Requirements and Benefits.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK
1. Dale H.Besterfiled, et al., Total Quality Management, Pearson Education, Inc. 2003.
(Indian reprint 2004). ISBN 81-297-0260-6.

Page..37
 REFERENCES
1. James R.Evans & William M.Lidsay, The Management and Control of Quality, (5 th
Edition), South-Western (Thomson Learning), 2002 (ISBN 0-324-06680-5).
2. Feigenbaum.A.V. “Total Quality Management, McGraw Hill, 1991.
3. Oakland.J.S. “Total Quality Management Butterworth – Hcinemann Ltd., Oxford.
1989.
4. Narayana V. and Sreenivasan, N.S. Quality Management – Concepts and Tasks, New
Age International 1996.
5. Zeiri. “Total Quality Management for Engineers Wood Head Publishers, 1991.

EC1401 VLSI DESIGN 3 0 0 100

AIM
To introduce the technology, design concepts and testing of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits.

OBJECTIVES
 To learn the basic CMOS circuits.
 To learn the CMOS process technology.
 To learn techniques of chip design using programmable devices.
 To learn the concepts of designing VLSI subsystems.
 To learn the concepts of modeling a digital system using Hardware Description Language.

UNIT I CMOS TECHNOLOGY 9

An overview of Silicon semiconductor technology, Basic CMOS technology : nwell, P well, Twin tub and
SOI Process. Interconnects, circuit elements: Resistors, capacitors, Electrically alterable ROMs, bipolar
transistors, Latch up and prevention.
Layout design rules, physical design: basic concepts, CAD tool sets, physical design of logic gates:
Inverter, NAND, NOR, Design Hierarchies.

UNIT II MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY 9

NMOS, PMOS Enhancement transistor, Threshold voltage, Body effect, MOS DC equations, channel
length modulation, Mobility variation, MOS models, small signal AC characteristics, complementary
CMOS inverter DC characteristics, Noise Margin, Rise time, fall time, power dissipation, transmission
gate, tristate inverter.

UNIT III SPECIFICATION USING VERILOG HDL 9

Basic Concepts: VLSI Design flow, identifiers, gate primitives, value set, ports, gate delays, structural gate
level and switch level modeling, Design hierarchies, Behavioral and RTL modeling: Operators, timing
controls, Procedural assignments conditional statements, Data flow modeling and RTL.
Structural gate level description of decoder, equality detector, comparator, priority encoder, D-latch, D-ff,
half adder, Full adder, Ripple Carry adder.

UNIT IV CMOS CHIP DESIGN 9

Logic design with CMOS: MOSFETS as switches, Basic logic gates in CMOS, Complex logic gates,
Transmission gates: Muxes and latches, CMOS chip design options: Full custom ASICs, Std. Cell based
ASICs, Gate Array based ASICs Channelled, Channelless and structured GA, Programmable logic
structures; 22V10, Programming of PALs, Programmable Interconnect, Reprogrammable GA: Xilinx
programmable GA, ASIC design flow.

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UNIT V CMOS TESTING 9
Need for testing, manufacturing test principles, Design strategies for test, Chip level and system level test
techniques.

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Weste & Eshraghian: Principles of CMOS VLSI design (2/e) Addison Wesley, 1993 for UNIT I
through UNIT IV.
2. Samir Palnitkar; Verilog HDL - Guide to Digital design and synthesis, III edition, Pearson Education,
2003 for UNIT V

REFERENCES
1. M.J.S.Smith : Application Specific integrated circuits, Pearson Education, 1997.
2. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design, Pearson Education 2003.
3. Bob Zeidmin ; Introduction to verilog, Prentice Hall, 1999
4. J . Bhaskar : Verilog HDL Primer, BSP, 2002.
5. E. Fabricious , Introduction to VLSI design, McGraw-Hill 1990.
6. C. Roth, Digital Systems Design Using VHDL, Thomson Learning, 2000.
EC1402 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION 3 0 0 100

AIMS

 To introduce the various optical fiber modes, configurations and various signal degradation factors
associated with optical fiber.
 To study about various optical sources and optical detectors and their use in the optical communication
system. Finally to discuss about digital transmission and its associated parameters on system
performance.

OBJECTIVES
 To learn the basic elements of optical fiber transmission link, fiber modes configurations and
structures.
 To understand the different kind of losses, signal distortion in optical wave guides and other signal
degradation factors. Design optimization of SM fibers, RI profile and cut-off wave length.
 To learn the various optical source materials, LED structures, quantum efficiency, Laser diodes
and different fiber amplifiers.
 To learn the fiber optical receivers such as PIN APD diodes, noise performance in photo detector,
receiver operation and configuration.
 To learn fiber slicing and connectors, noise effects on system performance, operational principles
WDM and solutions.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS 9

Evolution of fiber optic system- Element of an Optical Fiber Transmission link- Ray Optics-Optical Fiber
Modes and Configurations –Mode theory of Circular Wave guides- Overview of Modes-Key Modal
concepts- Linearly Polarized Modes –Single Mode Fibers-Graded Index fiber structure.

UNIT II SIGNAL DEGRADATION OPTICAL FIBERS 9

Attenuation – Absorption losses, Scattering losses, Bending Losses, Core and Cladding losses, Signal
Distortion in Optical Wave guides-Information Capacity determination –Group Delay-Material Dispersion,
Wave guide Dispersion, Signal distortion in SM fibers-Polarization Mode dispersion, Intermodal
dispersion, Pulse Broadening in GI fibers-Mode Coupling –Design Optimization of SM fibers-RI profile
and cut-off wavelength.

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UNIT III FIBER OPTICAL SOURCES AND COUPLING 9
Direct and indirect Band gap materials-LED structures –Light source materials –Quantum efficiency and
LED power, Modulation of a LED, lasers Diodes-Modes and Threshold condition –Rate equations –
External Quantum efficiency –Resonant frequencies –Laser Diodes, Temperature effects, Introduction to
Quantum laser, Fiber amplifiers- Power Launching and coupling, Lencing schemes, Fibre –to- Fibre joints,
Fibre splicing.

UNIT IV FIBER OPTICAL RECEIVERS 9

PIN and APD diodes –Photo detector noise, SNR, Detector Response time, Avalanche Multiplication Noise
–Comparison of Photo detectors –Fundamental Receiver Operation – preamplifiers, Error Sources –
Receiver Configuration –Probability of Error – Quantum Limit.

UNIT V DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 9

Point-to-Point links System considerations –Link Power budget –Rise - time budget –Noise Effects on
System Performance-Operational Principles of WDM, Solitons-Erbium-doped Amplifiers. Basic on
concepts of SONET/SDH Network. .

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK
1. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communication” McGraw –Hill International, Singapore, 3rd ed., 2000

REFERENCES
1. J.Senior, “Optical Communication, Principles and Practice”, Prentice Hall of India, 1994.
2. J.Gower, “Optical Communication System”, Prentice Hall of India, 2001.

EC1403 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING 3 0 0 100

AIM
To enable the student to become familiar with active & passive microwave devices & components used in
Microwave communication systems.

OBJECTIVES
 To study passive microwave components and their S- Parameters.
 To study Microwave semiconductor devices & applications.
 To study Microwave sources and amplifiers.

UNIT I 9
Microwave Frequencies, Microwave Devices, Microwave Systems, Microwave Units of Measure,
Microwave Hybrid Circuits, Waveguide Tees, Magic Tees (Hybrid Trees), Hybrid Rings (Rat-Race
Circuits), Waveguide Corners, Bends and Twists, Directional Couplers, Two-Hole Directional Couplers, Z
& ABCD Parameters- Introduction to S parameters, S Matrix of a Directional Coupler, Hybrid Couplers,
Circulators and Isolators, Microwave Circulators, Microwave Isolators.

UNIT II 9
Transit time limitations in transistors, Microwave bipolar transistors, power frequency limitations
microwave field effect transistors, HEMT, Gunn effect – RWH theory, high – field domain and modes of
operation microwave amplification – Avalance transit time devices – IMPATT and TRAPATT diodes and
comparison parametric amplifiers.

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UNIT III TRANSFERRED ELECTRON DEVICES (TEDs) and AVALANCHE TRANSIT-
TIME DEVICES 9
Introduction, Gunn-Effect Diodes – GaAs Diode, Background, Gunn Effect, Ridely-Watkins-Hilsun
(RWH) Theory, Differential Negative Resistance, Two-Valley Model Theory, High-Field Domain, Modes
of Operation, LSA Diodes, InP Diodes, CdTe Diodes, Microwave Generation and Amplification,
Microwave Generation, Microwave Amplification, AVALANCHE TRANSIT-TIME DEVICES,
Introduction, Read Diode, Physical Description, Avalanche Multiplication, Carrier Current I o(t) and
External Current Ie(t), Output Power and Quality Factor, IMPATT Diodes, Physical Structures, Negative
Resistance, Power Output and Efficiency, TRAPATT Diodes, Physical Structures, Principles of Operation,
Power Output and Efficiency, BARITT Diodes, Physical Description, Principles of Operation, Microwave
Performance, Parametric Devices, Physical Structures, Nonlinear Reactance and Manley – Rowe Power
Relations, Parametric Amplifiers, Applications.

UNIT III MICROWAVE LINEAR-BEAM TUBES (O TYPE) and MICROWAVE

CROSSED-FIELD TUBES (M TYPE) 9
Klystrons, Reentrant Cavities, Velocity-Modulation Process, Bunching Process, Output Power and Beam
Loading, State of the Art, Multicavity Klystron Amplifiers, Beam-Current Density, Output Current Output
Power of Two-Cavity Klystron, Output Power of Four-Cavity Klystron, Reflex Klystrons, Velocity
Modulation, Power Output and Efficiency, Electronic Admittance, Helix Traveling-Wave Tubes (TWTs),
Slow-Wave structures, Amplification Process, Convection Current, Axial Electric Field, Wave Modes,
Gain Consideration, MICROWAVE CROSSED-FIELD TUBES , Magnetron Oscillators, Cylindrical
Magnetron, Coaxial Magnetron, Tunable Magnetron, Ricke diagram.

UNIT IV STRIP LINES and MONOLITHIC MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

9
Introduction, Microstrip Lines, Characteristic Impedance of Microstrip Lines, Losses in Microstrip Lines,
Quality Factor Q of Microstrip Lines, Parallel Strip Lines, Distributed Lines, Characteristic Impedance,
Attenuation Losses, Coplanar Strip Lines, Shielded Strip Lines, References, Problems, MONOLITHIC
MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, Introduction, Materials, Substrate Materials, Conductor
Materials, Dielectric Materials, Resistive Materials, Monolithic Microwave Integrated-Circuit Growth,
MMIC Fabrication Techniques, Fabrication Example.

UNIT V MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: 9

Slotted line VSWR measurement, VSWR through return loss measurements, power measurement,
impedance measurement insertion loss and attenuation measurements- measurement of scattering
parameters – Measurement of 1 dB, dielectric constant measurement of a solid using waveguide

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Samuel Y.LIAO : Microwave Devices and Circuits – Prentice Hall of India – 3rd Edition (2003)
2. Annapurna Das and Sisir K.Das: Microwave Engineering – Tata McGraw-Hill (2000) (UNIT V)

REFERENCES
1. R.E. Collin : Foundations for Microwave Engg. – IEEE Press Second Edition (2002)
2. David M.POZAR : Microwave Engg. – John Wiley & Sons – 2nd Edition (2003)
3. P.A.RIZZI – Microwave Engg. (Passive ckts) – PH1

EC1404 VLSI LABORATORY 0 0 3 100

1. Study of Simulation using tools

2. Study of Synthesis tools
3. Place and Root and Back annotation for FPGAs

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4. Study of development tool for FPGAs for schematic entry and verilog
5. Design of traffic light controller using verilog and above tools
6. Design and simulation of pipelined serial and parallel adder to add/ subract 8 number of size, 12 bits
each in 2's complement
7. Design and simulation of back annotated verilog files for multiplying two signed, 8 bit numbers in 2's
complement. Design must be pipelined and completely RTL compliant
8. Study of FPGA board (HTTP://www.xess.com) and testing on board LEDs and switches using verilog
codes
9. Testing the traffic controller design developed in SI. NO.5 on the FPGA board
10. Design a Realtime Clock (2 digits, 7 segments LED displays each for HRS., MTS, and SECS.) and
demonstrate its working on the FPGA board. An expansion card is required for the displays.

EC1405 OPTICAL & MICROWAVE LAB 0 0 3 100

Experiments pertaining to Fiber optics, Optical Communication and Fiber optic sensors:

1. Numerical aperture determination for fibers and Attenuation Measurement in Fibers.

2. Mode Characteristics of Fibres – SM Fibres.
3. Coupling Fibers to Semi-Conductor Sources – Connectors & Splices.
4. Fiber optic communication links.
5. LED & Photo Diode Characteristics.

Microwave experiments
1. VSWR Measurements – Determination of terminated impedance
2. Determination of guide wavelength, frequency measurement.
3. Radiation Pattern of Horns, Paraboloids.
4. Microwave Power Measurement.
5. Characteristics of Gunn diode Oscillator.

EC1451 MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 100

AIM
To introduce the concepts of wireless / mobile communication using cellular environment. To make the
students to know about the various modulation techniques, propagation methods, coding and multi access
techniques used in the mobile communication. Various wireless network systems and standards are to be
introduced.

OBJECTIVES
 It deals with the fundamental cellular radio concepts such as frequency reuse and
handoff. This also demonstrates the principle of trunking efficiency and how trunking and
interference issues between mobile and base stations combine to affect the overall capacity of
cellular systems.
 It presents different ways to radio propagation models and predict the large – scale effects
of radio propagation in many operating environment. This also covers small propagation effects
such as fading, time delay spread and Doppler spread and describes how to measures and model
the impact that signal bandwidth and motion have on the instantaneous received signal through the
multi-path channel.
 It provides idea about analog and digital modulation techniques used in wireless
communication. It also deals with the different types of equalization techniques and diversity
concepts.
 It provides an introduction to speech coding principles which have driven the
development of adaptive pulse code modulation and linear predictive coding techniques are
presented. This unit also describes the time, frequency code division multiple access techniques as
well as more recent multiple access technique such as space division multiple access.

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 It deals with second generation and third generation wireless networks and worldwide
wireless standards.

UNIT I CELLULAR CONCEPT AND SYSTEM DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS 9

Introduction to wireless communication: Evolution of mobile communications, mobile radio systems-
Examples, trends in cellular radio and personal communications.
Cellular Concept: Frequency reuse, channel assignment, hand off, Interference and system capacity,
tracking and grade of service, Improving Coverage and capacity in Cellular systems.

UNIT II MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION 9

Free space propagation model, reflection, diffraction, scattering, link budget design, Outdoor Propagation
models, Indoor propagation models, Small scale Multipath propagation, Impulse model, Small scale
Multipath measurements, parameters of Mobile multipath channels, types of small scale fading, statistical
models for multipath fading channels.

UNIT III MODULATION TECHNIQUES AND EQUALIZATION 9

Modulation Techniques: Minimum Shift Keying, Gauss ion MSK, M-ary QAM, M-ary FSK, Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing, Performance of Digital Modulation in Slow-Flat Fading Channels and
Frequency Selective Mobile Channels. Equalization: Survey of Equalization Techniques, Linear
Equalization, Non-linear Equalization, Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization. Diversity Techniques, RAKE
receiver.

UNIT IV CODING AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES 9

Coding: Vocoders, Linear Predictive Coders, Selection of Speech Coders for Mobile Communication,
GSM Codec, RS codes for CDPD. Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA,
Capacity of Cellular CDMA and SDMA.

UNIT V WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS 9

Second Generation and Third Generation Wireless Networks and Standards, WLL, Blue tooth. AMPS,
GSM, IS-95 and DECT

TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK
1. T.S.Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Pearson
Education/ Prentice Hall of India, Third Indian Reprint 2003.

REFERENCES
1. R. Blake, “ Wireless Communication Technology”, Thomson Delmar, 2003.
2. W.C.Y.Lee, "Mobile Communications Engineering: Theory and applications, Second Edition,
McGraw-Hill International, 1998.
3. Stephen G. Wilson, “ Digital Modulation and Coding”, Pearson Education, 2003.

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