FIRST AID TREATMENTS

“SOMEONE FAINTS & BURN BY HOT WATER”

DISUSUN OLEH :

1. RIANDINI PANDANSARI (21115089)

2. DEFPRI HS (21115098)

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN MUHAMMADIYAH
PALEMBANG
TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
1. Fainting First Aid
Fainting can be a fairly common occurrence, but nonetheless it is concerning to
see someone collapse in front of you with no warning. You may not know if they’re
simply fainting or having a serious incident such as a sudden cardiac arrest that could
result in death. Once you learn the correct fainting First Aid treatment you will become
more confident and able to help someone who feels faint.

What is Fainting?
Passing out, blacking out, a sudden loss of consciousness. This partial or
complete loss of consciousness is caused by a temporary reduction of blood flow to
the brain. The person usually falls or slumps over. It can be a minor, temporary
occurrence or it can be caused by a medical condition.

Reasons Why a Casualty Might Faint

It can be triggered by any of the following:
• emotional shock
• pain
• over-exertion
• exhaustion
• lack of food
• dehydration
• sight of blood
• standing immobile in hot conditions
• standing up suddenly (particularly for the pregnant or elderly)
• heart rhythm changes or underlying heart conditions
Signs & Symptoms of Fainting
The casualty may:
• Lose consciousness/feel light-headed
• Feel dizzy or have vertigo
• Have faded or blurred vision
• Feel nauseated
• Have a pale, cool moist skin
• Have numbness in the fingers and toes

What Not To Do For Fainting First Aid

Do not:
• Get the casualty to sit down with their head between their legs
• Splash the face with water
Neither of these techniques are effective at preventing fainting or helping someone
manage faintness.

How to Manage Faintness

Usually people recover quickly, often within seconds, without lasting e¬ffects.
However, if fainting is the result of an underlying medical condition or is recurrent,
the casualty should see a doctor.
Here are the steps to follow for fainting:
1. Follow DRSABCD. If the casualty is not breathing it could be sudden cardiac
arrest.
2. Loosen any tight clothing that could be restricting their breathing
3. Ensure there is plenty of fresh-air – open a window if possible
4. When the casualty becomes is conscious, lie them on their back and raise and
support their legs. Knee down next to them and raise their legs by placing a pillow
under their calves. Watch their face for signs that they’re recovering. For a woman in
advanced pregnancy, place padding under right buttock to tilt.
5. Treat any injury resulting from a fall

Preventing Faintness
If you feel yourself becoming faint, lie down on the ground until the feeling
passes. This will stop you from hurting yourself.
Other ways to help yourself if you feel faint are:
1. Keep hydrated with plenty of water
2. Don’t get up too quickly from lying or sitting down
3. Control your breathing
4. Controls triggers such as phobias (e.g. needles)

Would you be able to tell the difference between fainting and something more
serious like Sudden Cardiac Arrest? Seconds matter and its vital we know the signs. A
First Aid course can help you determine exactly what steps to take to save a life.
2. First Aid For Hot Water Burns

Burns caused by hot water are very common. If you think your burn is serious, see
a doctor. If not, read below and we'll explain how to treat it.

Hot water burns are very common.

You’re in the kitchen making dinner or a nice cup of tea. Maybe you turn on
the faucet and the water comes out much hotter than you expected. What do you do
next?
Today, we’ll explain what the first aid procedures are for this injury.

Types of burns
Before deciding on a treatment for your burn, you should know that there are
three different degrees:

1. First degree
These affect the outer or superficial layer of skin. The symptoms
include redness, swelling, and a little pain.
The area peels off within 7 days and is back to normal within two weeks.

2. Second degree

This one is more serious because the second layer of skin is burned,
too. It causes blisters and inflammation. The pain is worse.
 The blisters break on their own in a week. Complete healing happens
at three weeks and sometimes the skin ends up a little lighter or darker
after scarring.

3. Third degree
This is the most severe and is an emergency that requires
immediate medical care. The burn goes through all layers of skin and is
extremely painful.

Burns caused by boiling water

These are very common burns in the home. A pot of boiling water on the stove
can turn into a real danger or even a tragedy if there are kids around.

Small but serious burns caused by boiling water are not uncommon. You
should always be careful and boil water on the burners farthest away from the
edge whenever possible.
If boiling water just splashes you or has very light contact with your skin, it
will cause a bit of pain but will probably disappear right away. A good idea to stop
the burning is to run cold water over it, whether in a container or under the
faucet, for at least 5 minutes to cool the area.
If the burn is a little more serious, do the same thing but for longer. For
second degree burns, run under cold water for at least 15 minutes.
The treatment depends on the area of the body that has been burned. For
example, you can cover the area with a wet cloth or apply some ice in a plastic
bag (never directly on the skin).
Treatment for skin burns

 While you’re cooling the injury, take the time to evaluate the damage.
 If the pain doesn’t go away after a few minutes and you realize the red
area has grown or blisters are forming, consider going to the emergency
room.
 Otherwise, if the symptoms start to go away, you can continue with your
treatment at home.
 Take some gauze and moisten it with water. Wrap the affected area and let
it be for 30 minutes to an hour. If needed, change the dressing. This will
keep the burn from contact with harmful surfaces and contaminants.
 Aloe vera is one of the best remedies for superficial burns, whether they be
from hot water, oil, or even the sun. No home should be without this plant.
Just break a stalk horizontally and extract the gel from inside.
 The thick liquid that comes out has the power to hydrate your skin. Smooth
onto the affected area and let sit until completely absorbed.
 If you want, you can wrap it with sterile gauze, although it’s better to let the
wound “breathe.”

Serious burns: when to go to the hospital

Let’s say a pot of boiling water falls onto you.

 Your clothes may get stuck to your skin. Don’t try to remove them by
yourself. Wet the area with cold water and immediately go to the emergency
room. The doctors there will be in charge of properly removing the clothes so that
further damage is not caused.
If the burn causes a blister, don’t pop it, as this can cause a more serious
injury, scarring, and even infection. Bandage it during the day so that it does not
burst, and leave it open to the air for a few minutes. But be careful because if the
blister is large, we recommend seeing a doctor.
If the blister is very painful and causes pressure that doesn’t let you move the
area normally, you can make a small opening to let the fluid out. However, make
sure to disinfect whatever tool you use first.

Steps for treating burns at home

Home treatment only works for small superficial burns up to second
degree. For more serious burns, you should always see a doctor.
After applying cold water as first aid, we recommend that you:

 Apply some Vaseline and covering the burn with sterile gauze.
 Keep a bandage on during the first day without moving it too much.
 Take a pain reliever (such as ibuprofen)
 Change the bandage and ventilate in the morning.
 Moisten the gauze before removing it so that it does not stick to the skin
 After 7 days, clean it and remove dead skin using a gauze moistened with
isotonic water. But don’t force it; the skin will come off by itself.