Unit-1

What is Content Management System (CMS)

 A content management system or CMS is software that facilitates creating,

editing, organizing, and publishing content.

 It provides a collection of procedures used to manage work flow in a

collaborative environment. These procedures can be manual or computer-
based.

Goals of CMS

 Identify users, their roles, and access levels on the site. Organize content
into different sections. Create and define simple workflows for content
creation and deployment. Control version of content.

Benefits

 Quick and easy page management.

 Workflow system.
 Flexibility for developer.
 Security.
 Shared recourse.

WHAT IS WORDPRESS?

 WordPress is an open source Content Management System (CMS), which

allows the users to build dynamic websites and blog.

 WordPress is the most popular blogging system on the web and allows
updating, customizing and managing the website from its back-end CMS
and components.

 WordPress is a Content Management System, that allows you to create and

publish your content on the web. Although it is mostly used for web
publishing, it can be used to manage content on an intranet, or in a single
computer.

 WordPress allows users to have full control over the files, documents, as
well as the design and display of the content. You don’t have to know a
single line of code to publish content using WordPress.
  WordPress is one of the most popular open source content management
systems available, with global and vibrant user, developer, and support
communities.

Installation

Step-1:
Extract the downloaded WordPress folder and upload it into your web
server or localhost.

Step-2:
Provide your respective credentials of database name, username,
password and host as given in below image and Press submit button

Step-3:
Press Run the install button
Step-4:
Enter administrative information.

It contains the following fields −

 Site Title − Enter the name of the site which you are going to create in
WordPress.
 Username − Enter the username as per your choice while logging in the
WordPress.
 Password twice − Enter password two times to protect your site.
 Your E-mail − Enter your e-mail address which helps to recover the
password or any update.
 Privacy − It allows the search engine to index this site after checking the
checkbox.

After filling all the information, click on the Install WordPress button.

Step: 5

After installation being successful, you will get a screen of the stating success
as seen in the following screen.
 You can view your username and password detail added in WordPress.

Click on Log In button.

Step 6:
After clicking on login, you will get a WordPress Admin Panel as depicted
in the following screen.

Enter the username and password which you had mentioned during
installation as shown in step 6 and click on the Log In button.

Directory Structure

The core WordPress files and directories are listed below.

 wp-admin
 wp-content
 wp-includes
 index.php
 license.txt
  readme.html
 wp-activate.php
 wp-blog-header.php
 wp-comments-post.php
 wp-config-sample.php
 wp-cron.php
 wp-links-opml.php
 wp-load.php
 wp-login.php
 wp-mail.php
 wp-settings.php
 wp-signup.php
 wp-trackback.php
 xmlrpc.php
 .htaccess
 wp-config.php

wp-admin

 The admin tools are powered by this folder. As it’s name indicates, this
deals with the administrator.

 The main file inside this directory is the admin.php.

 It enables the connection to the database, displays the WordPress

dashboard, and performs any other number of key functions, such as
checking if any given user is in fact the admin in question.

wp-content

 Themes and Plugins are familiar to every WordPress user. These are
stored inside this directory.

Configuration Files

Your WordPress root directory contains some special configuration files.

These files contain important settings specific to your WordPress site.

wp‐config.php File

 The most important file in any WordPress installation is the wp‐config.php

file.
  This file contains all database connection settings, including the database
name, username, and password, to access your MySQL database.

 This file also stores additional database and other advanced WordPress
settings.

 It also sets some global settings for your WordPress site.

 The wp‐config.php file is typically stored in the root directory of

WordPress. Alternatively, you can move the wp‐config.php file out of the
WordPress root directory and into the parent directory. So if your
WordPress directory is located here:

/public_html/my_website/wp-config.php

you can safely move the fi le to here:

/public_html/wp-config.php

.htaccess
 A server configuration file, WordPress uses it to manage permalinks and
redirects.

 Controls access to your files, folders, and overall permalink structure.

index.php
The index file basically loads and initializes all your WordPress files when
a page is requested by a user

Database schema and table details

Note: wp_ before each table name is the database prefix you choose during the
installation. It can be different.

wp_commentmeta :

 This table contains meta information about comments posted on a

WordPress website.

 This table has four fields meta_id, comment_id, meta_key, and meta_value.
Each meta_id is related to a comment_id.

 One example of comment meta information stored is the status of

comment (approved, pending, trash, etc).
wp_comments :

 As the name suggests this table contains your WordPress comments.

 It contains comment author name, url, email, comment, etc.

wp_links :

 To manage blogrolls create by earlier versions of WordPress or the Link

Manager plugin.

wp_options :

 This table contains most of your WordPress site wide settings such as: site
url, admin email, default category, posts per page, time format, and much
much more.

 The options table is also used by numerous WordPress plugins to store

plugin settings.

wp_postmeta :

 This table contains meta information about your WordPress posts, pages,
and custom post types.
 Example of post meta information would be which template to use to
display a page, custom fields, etc. Some plugins would also use this table to
store plugin data such as WordPress SEO information.

wp_posts :

 The name says posts but actually this table contains all post types or
should we say content types.
 This table contains all your posts, pages, revisions, and custom post types.

wp_terms :

 WordPress has a powerful taxonomy system that allows you to organize

your content. Individual taxonomy items are called terms and they are
stored in this table.
 Example, your WordPress categories and tags are taxonomies, and each
category and tag inside them is a term.

wp_term_relationships :
  This table manages relationship of WordPress post types with terms in
wp_terms table. For example this is the table that helps WordPress
determine post X is in Y category.

wp_term_taxonomy :

 This table defines taxonomies for terms defined in wp_terms table. For
example if you have a term “WordPress Tutorials“, then this table contains
the data that says it is associated with a taxonomy categories. In short this
table has the data that helps WordPress differentiate between which term
is a category, which is a tag, etc.

wp_usermeta :

 Contains meta information about Users on your website.

wp_users :

 Contains User information like username, password, user email, etc.

Working of Core System

 The WordPress core is powered by a set of files that are part of the original
WordPress software download. These are required “core” files that
WordPress needs to function properly. The core files are expected to
change only when you upgrade WordPress to a newer version.

 The core does not include your custom files for plugins, themes, database
settings, the .htaccess file, and so on. The core also does not include any
media you have uploaded to WordPress. Basically, any files added to
WordPress after installation are considered outside of the core.

 The WordPress core files are primarily PHP files, but also contain CSS,
JavaScript, HTML, and image files. These files control everything about
WordPress including how content pages are generated to display, loading
the configured theme and plugins, loading all options and settings, and
much more. In short, the core contains several major function types:

o Posts, pages, and custom content —Creating, storing, retrieving,

and interacting with the majority of your content in WordPress.
o Post types, taxonomies, and metadata —everything from custom
posts types, tags, and categories to user‐created taxonomies.

o Themes —Supporting functions for WordPress themes.

o Actions, filters, and plugins

o Users and authors

o Feeds, formatting, and comments