2019

COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK

Insights from USI National Practice Leaders
TABLE OF CONTENT S

04 Executive Summary
06 2019 Rate Forecast by Product Line
07 Property Insurance Market
09 Commercial Real Estate Sector Overview
11 Casualty Insurance Market
12 Transportation Sector Overview
13 Workers’ Compensation
14 Manufacturing & Distribution Sector Overview
15 International
16 Healthcare Professional Liability
17 Commercial Construction Risk
18 Construction Sector Overview
19 Employment Practices Liability
20 Network Security & Privacy Risk (Cyber)
21 Technology & Professional Error & Omissions (E&O)
22 Public Company Directors & Officers (D&O) Liability
23 Private Company Executive Liability
24 Aviation
25 Crime
26 Fiduciary
27 Environmental
28 Kidnap, Ransom & Extortion
29 Representations & Warranties
2 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

Douglas O’Brien
Steve Zimmer
Brian Dove
David Karr
Duke Tomei
Renee Dube
John Scales
Tom Heim
Jamie Pincus
Danette Beck
Debbie Hughes
Dena Cusick
Higgins Manker
Beverly Fant
Barbara Gubitose
Liz Olsson
Jill Boehler
Glynis Priester
Nicole Brown
Tim O’Connor

3 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
E XECUTIV E SU MM ARY

The commercial property and casualty market dynamic today is driven by two powerful, conflicting forces: large catastrophic losses and excess
capital.
Despite experiencing five of the 15 costliest global catastrophes in the past two years, coupled with multiple large wildfires and other major
loss events, which collectively caused in excess of $125 billion in total insured damages, the P&C industry remained stable in 2018, resisting
significant and sustained market-wide rate increases. While the majority of P&C insurance buyers faced modest rate increases in the low-single
digits, the steepest hikes were isolated to certain catastrophic property lines and a few liability lines.
Looking ahead to 2019, USI expects the rate trends to continue although the duration and magnitude will be difficult to sustain and may flatten
out or possibly reverse for some lines. The majority of insureds are expected to experience flat to +5% rate changes, with rate variability rising
or falling depending on the coverage line, program structure, loss history and market appetite. Pricing challenges are likely to persist in specific
coverage lines such as property-exposed accounts in wind-prone areas, habitational risks and large commercial trucking fleets.
P&C market surplus will likely continue to grow, fueled by a booming economy, resultant growth in net written premiums and ever-expanding
levels of alternative capital. In the face of competition from other carriers looking to deploy their surplus capital, incumbent markets are often
reluctant to walk away from what they perceive to be below market pricing and will rather look to strike a compromise with clients and brokers to
retain business.
Faced with underwriting challenges in the past year, carriers are more likely to ask for moderate-to-high rate increases for many insureds in the
public company directors’ and officers’ space, employment practices liability and medical malpractice for healthcare providers in certain classes.
By contrast, guaranteed cost workers’ compensation buyers are expected to benefit from rate reductions despite rising loss trends in most states.
For other liability lines, rates have likely bottomed out as markets focus on underwriting discipline.

Highlights
ƒƒ The P&C industry is well capitalized and surplus now stands in excess of $760 billion. The industry’s combined ratio as of mid-2018
is 98% per various rating agencies, however, this will likely approach 100% by year’s end.
ƒƒ The diversified global reinsurance market will continue to spread the impact of catastrophic losses out in an efficient manner.
ƒƒ Alternative capital, such as insurance linked securities, continues to grow year over year and is expanding into casualty and other
non-property lines, keeping pressure on both traditional insurance and reinsurance margins.
ƒƒ The pace of insurer consolidation will continue but is not likely to reduce competition in most lines in 2019.
ƒƒ Insurance companies are benefiting from years of investment in data and analytics, robotic automation, mobile solutions and other
technologies.
ƒƒ Rising interest rates, lower tax rates, and adequate loss reserves will bolster insurance companies’ net investment income.

Challenges
ƒƒ Insureds in windstorm, flood and fire prone areas are likely to experience upwards rate pressure.
ƒƒ Insureds in more hazardous industries or with deteriorating loss profiles may be forced to consider retaining more risk to maintain
rate.
ƒƒ Liability loss cost trends are still outpacing rate increases, which may be unsustainable in the long term.
ƒƒ Changing social perspectives and a growing awareness of sexual misconduct over the past year have led to more reported
accusations and heightened dialogue over equal pay, wrongful termination and harassment.
ƒƒ Despite advances in technology, commercial automobile continues to be a difficult line to underwrite and remains unprofitable
despite years of steadily increasing premium rates offset by multi-million dollar jury awards.

4 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
ƒƒ Given the dangers to the public, potential damage to company brand and reputation, and the complexity of global supply chains,
food safety is the biggest challenge facing the food and beverage industry and product recall insurers.
ƒƒ Cyber risk including high profile data breaches and imposter fraud are now common events, increasing board-level focus on cyber,
crime, and reputational risk loss mitigation.
ƒƒ The steady uptick in punitive damage awards and emerging tactics such as legal financing trends are having an increasingly
detrimental impact on the severity of liability losses.
ƒƒ The National Flood Insurance Program and Terrorism are key legislative issues to watch in 2019 and 2020.

How USI Can Help

Commercial insureds are entering 2019 with significant optimism about global economic activity. However, there is less certainty over
how the recent spate of catastrophic losses and changing market dynamics would impact individual accounts.
In this time of uncertainty, USI is committed to helping clients gain greater control over insurance placement and program design
decisions, rather than leaving the process to chance or the discretion of underwriters. Our experts will work with insureds to proactively
articulate to carriers how their specific risk differs from other companies in the same industry.

USI’s tools are designed to help clients compete in today’s business environment. To analyze our client’s business issues and challenges,
the property and casualty team leverages USI ONE®, a fundamentally different approach to risk management. USI ONE integrates
proprietary business analytics with a network of local and national technical experts in a team-based consultative planning process to
evaluate the client’s risk profile and identify targeted solutions. USI’s OMNI Knowledge Engine™, a real-time interactive platform
created from more than 100 years of solving the problems of over 150,000 clients, and the Risk Performance Navigator, a web-
based exposure assessment application, provide critical insights that clients can use to differentiate their risk profiles from competitors
and better navigate challenging market conditions.
For more information about our tools and solutions, visit www.usi.com.

5 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
R ATE FOREC A S T BY PRO DUC T LINE

2019 Rate Forecast by Product Line

Property non-catastrophic with good loss history Down 3% to up 3% *

CAT property with minimal loss history Flat to up 5%-10%

CAT or non-CAT property with poor loss history Up 10% to 15% +

Primary general/products liability Flat to up 5%

Primary automobile liability with good loss history Up 5% to 10%

Primary automobile liability with poor loss history Up 15% +

Umbrella & Excess Liability Flat to up 3%

Workers’ Compensation Guaranteed Cost Down 10% to up 5% *

Workers’ Compensation Loss Sensitive Down 3% to up 3%

International Liability Down 5% to 10%

International Property Flat to up 5%

Medical Malpractice Flat to up 15% + *

Commercial Construction Down 5% to up 5% *

Employment Practices Liability Up 5% to 20% *

Network Security & Privacy (Cyber) Flat to up 5%

Technology & Professional Errors & Omissions Flat to up 10%

Public Company Directors’ & Officers’ Up 10% to 20%

Private Company Management Liability Flat to up 5%

Aviation Up 5% to 10%

Crime Down 5% to up 5%

Fiduciary Up 5% to 10%

Environmental Pollution Legal Liability Down 5% to up 5%

Environmental Contractors Pollution Flat to down 10%

Environmental Combined general liability/pollution Flat to up 7%

Kidnap & Ransom Down 5% to up 5%

Representations & Warranties Down 5% to 10%

* - Rates will vary by geography, industry and loss experience

6 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
PROPER T Y INSUR ANCE M ARK E T

As predicted in USI’s 2018 P&C Market Outlook, the catastrophe Highlights

losses of 2017 were mostly an earnings event versus a balance sheet
event. ƒƒ Several U.S. property markets and certain Lloyd’s syndicates
that absorbed a disproportionate share of losses are re-
Property rates increased from late 2017 into early 2018 due to examining their risk appetites and tolerance for specific
market uncertainty but stabilized early in the second quarter. With occupancy classes and industry verticals. This will likely
a few exceptions, the momentum of rate increases slowed due to a contribute to pricing pressure and tightening capacity in
combination of competition and abundant capacity. those areas.
ƒƒ Carriers are conveying a desire to capture increases in
Going into 2019, the market dynamics appear similar to last year.
named storm or hurricane deductibles for accounts that
The 2018 global catastrophe events have resulted in aggregate
have sustained losses.
insured losses of $25-to-$30 billion, but they are not likely to have
any meaningful impact on overall market surplus, which stands in ƒƒ Terms and conditions for manuscript property policies are
excess of $750 billion. tightening. Examples: Storm surge coverage within named
windstorm or flood, percentage deductibles for hail, and
Even though markets are likely to push for rate increases, USI expects convective storm.
stable renewals and in limited cases rate reductions. In loss-affected
areas of the country, mainly catastrophic wind zones, rates are ƒƒ High-hazard flood will be analyzed and underwritten
projected to go up in the low single-digits. cautiously as property carriers absorb the impact of
increased losses.
In California, which in late 2018 experienced the state’s deadliest
ƒƒ Cyber security is an escalating concern as it pertains to
and most destructive wildfire in history, and where insured losses
property coverage, and will remain a hot issue for years to
are projected in the range of $15 billion to more than $20 billion,
come.
property rates are expected to firm. Other Western states are likely to
face similar conditions.
Forecast for 2019
The Market Today and Capacity ƒƒ Competitive rates and possibly rate reductions may be
ƒƒ Capacity remains plentiful and readily available to be offered to non-CAT accounts with high-quality risk
deployed across a host of risks. protection, favorable loss records, and a good spread of risk.

ƒƒ Deployment of working capacity for high-hazard ƒƒ Accounts with wind-related exposures and losses (notably
catastrophic perils will continue to be underwritten carefully in the Carolinas, Florida and Texas) will undoubtedly face
by many insurers. renewals with increased rates, potentially less broad terms,
and reduced capacity.
ƒƒ Other classes of business will continue to experience
upward rating pressures including primary habitational real ƒƒ Non-CAT accounts with frequent or severe attritional losses
estate or multi-family properties, dealer open lot, heavy should expect pressure on rates and terms.
chemical and agri-business. ƒƒ Insurance to value (ITV) remains an important measure of
ƒƒ Alternative capacity (catastrophe bonds and insurance- calculation for property carriers.
linked securities) continues to grow in scope and is the ƒƒ Markets will continue to rely on catastrophic modeling
major contributor to property market stability. systems (e.g. AIR and RMS) to obtain geographic exposure
ƒƒ Underwriting standards will remain disciplined as improved probable maximum loss (PML) assessments and the
profit margins are crucial. associated CAT load which will impact capacity and pricing.

ƒƒ Capacity for stand-alone terrorism coverage remains broadly

available, with an excess of $2 billion available in the global
marketplace.

7 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
What Insureds Can Do ƒƒ Meet with the underwriter(s) early and often to develop and
foster relationships.
ƒƒ Start the renewal process early.
ƒƒ Restructure break points on layered and quota-shared
ƒƒ Data quality and integrity must remain paramount and programs.
communicated to markets properly to achieve optimal
results.
ƒƒ Insureds should look to obtain secondary modifying
characteristics for the most accurate modeling output.

Estimated Insured Property Losses, U.S. Catastrophes, 2010-2017 (1)

Number of Number of Dollars when occurred

Year
catastrophes claims (millions) ($ billions)

2010 33 2.4 14.3

2011 30 4.9 33.6
2012 26 4 35
2013 28 1.8 12.9
2014 31 2.1 15.5
2015 39 2 15.2
2016 42 3 21.7
2017 46 5.2 101.9
Source: Property Claim Services® (PCS®); Bureau of Economic Analysis.

(1) Includes catastrophes causing insured property losses of at least $25 million in 1997 dollars and affecting a significant number
of policyholders and insurers. Does not include losses covered by the federally administered National Flood Insurance
Program.

8 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
COMMERCIAL RE AL E S TATE SEC TOR OV ERV IE W

Commercial real estate companies continue to invest in new

development and value-add opportunities throughout the United
States. This is especially true for mixed-use urban locations catering
to young professionals. Real estate transactions remain at high levels
with no slow-down in sight.

Due to quality of life demands, a large part of real estate development

is in geographic areas exposed to catastrophes such as flood, wildfire,
severe storm, hurricane and earthquake. Insurance companies are
re-thinking how to deploy capital to manage aggregations in CAT-
exposed areas.

The Market Today and Capacity

Multi-Family Properties - This segment of real estate continues
to experience the most significant insurance capacity challenges.
Beyond the natural catastrophe losses in 2017 and 2018, multi-
family portfolios are producing fire and water damage losses,
causing some carriers to exit this risk class or increase rate
and deductible even for low-loss level insureds. With overall
segment capacity shrinking, insureds with exposures to natural
catastrophe and below average loss history can expect significant
rate increases.

In addition, liability claims involving tenant discrimination,

wrongful eviction, and sexual harassment have been the United States. The frequency and severity of recent wildfire
unrelenting. Real estate owners and managers will need to events will likely change this behavior and lead to intense
provide comprehensive information on risk controls and risk underwriting and rate and deductible increases.
management strategies when placing coverage associated with
these exposures. Severe Storm - Tornado and large hail events are occurring more
frequently with catastrophic results. Carriers offering capacity on
Commercial - Real estate owners, developers and managers in assets exposed to storm damage are now carefully underwriting
the commercial space have a distinct advantage in the market: the risk and proposing increases to rates and deductibles in CAT-
Quality risks remain the focus of carrier capacity offerings. prone states.
Portfolios exposed to natural catastrophe need a disciplined
approach to achieve an optimal outcome in the marketplace.
Highlights
General Liability - Coverage in this space is driven by claim
frequency and an insured’s risk control approach to address Cyber - Cyber criminals continue to target real estate companies,
potential exposures. Again, quality risks will receive preferential hacking into systems and networks to steal personally identifiable
treatment in the insurance market. information or siphon funds from tenant’s escrow accounts.

Frame Construction - Due to the numerous large fire losses Tenant Lawsuits - Crimes against tenants are on the rise.
involving single, mixed-use buildings in recent years, frame Property owners and managers are under increased pressure
construction projects are under increased underwriting scrutiny to provide a safe premise for tenants. Insurance companies are
and face capacity challenges. reviewing all aspects and information related to tenant safety and
security.
Wildfire - Carriers in past did not fully contemplate or price for
wildfire exposures for properties located in the western part of

9 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
Real Estate Professional Liability - The current high level of real Real estate owners and managers can benefit from analytics to
estate activity has led to an increase in claims for “mismanaged” develop a better understanding of exposures and claim trends
transactions and developments. Real estate companies are for property and casualty lines. Carriers use the same analytic
advised to obtain coverages that address operational exposures. tools to assess a prospective client in order to understand the
frequency and severity of risks.
Active Shooter - The business income impact from active
shooter incidents can be significant. These events, which The following strategies are recommended:
often generate lawsuits alleging inadequate security, can create
significant financial liabilities for real estate owners and managers. ƒƒ Start the renewal process early and explore multiple market
strategies.

What Insureds Can Do ƒƒ Review the impact of various deductible options to

determine the cost benefit of these alternative deductible
Insureds can achieve better results if they are able to present structures.
themselves as a quality risk. For instance, residing in a ƒƒ Understand limit needs with analytics and benchmarking.
catastrophe-exposed location does not necessarily mean
an insured is a bad risk. Differentiation is key here. Pre-loss
preparation, post-loss mitigation strategies, inspection protocols, ƒƒ Establish pre-loss protocols to maximize efficiency in the
and capital expenditure details are all important strategies that event of a claim.
should be implemented and clearly communicated to insurance
carriers.

Wildfire Losses in the United States, 2008-2017

Source: Munich Re

10 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
C A SUALT Y INSUR ANCE M ARK E T OV ERV IE W

The marketplace remains flush with capital, with carriers continuing casualty marketplace as some expected. Nonetheless, USI expects
to compete for premium dollars with the main exception being continued improvement of predictive analytic tools and better
commercial automobile liability. forecast outcomes over time.

The competition is not expected In the primary general liability marketplace, USI
to slow down dramatically in
2019, particularly for clients with
Punitive expects continued competition for premium
dollars in 2019; but with a slight climb in rates
exceptional loss experience and the
ability to demonstrate appropriate damages overall. Competition will likely remain less
aggressive for more volatile industries such as
risk management practices. The pharmaceuticals, heavy construction defect-
most profitable insurers recognize awards are exposed clients, and energy.
that lowering premium every
year to gain market share is not
sustainable, and as such continue
increasing Pricing in the Umbrella and Excess Liability
markets are likely to remain competitive
to underwrite each client on their
merits. in frequency and flush with capacity. Rates appear to have
bottomed out for clients in most industries

and severity.
and markets are seeking to reduce the amount
While effective in the middle of aggregate limits they are writing on a lead
market arena, predictive analytics basis. Additionally, punitive damage awards are
has not disrupted the risk increasing in frequency and severity and this
management segment of the trend will need to be monitored.

11 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
TR ANSP OR TATION SEC TOR OV ERV IE W

Going into 2019, the trucking business remains robust although ƒƒ Plaintiff strategies such as using reptile tactics and attorneys
increasing driver wages and insurance costs are eroding profits. loaning money to fund litigation have also negatively
impacted claim costs.
Costs associated with labor, maintenance, equipment, licensing and
compliance have increased steadily for several years. Truckers are ƒƒ Umbrella and excess markets are requiring higher
charging higher fees for shipping services, but much of the increase is attachment points for truckers. For some clients with fleet
going to cover rising driver wages, which leaves many companies still sizes as low as 200 units, acceptable attachment points of $1
struggling to make sufficient profit. million a few years ago are now being pushed to $2 million
and higher.

The Market Today and Capacity

What Insureds Can Do
Combined ratios for commercial auto liability market have
deteriorated from 113.2 in 2016 to 113.5 in 2017. As a result of ƒƒ The current hardening market dynamic provides an
the deteriorating underwriting performance, commercial auto opportunity for transportation companies and their brokers
liability insurers are increasing rates and/or deductible levels for to leverage solutions and processes designed to reduce
loss sensitive accounts. insurance costs.
ƒƒ Companies can work with risk specialists to review CSA
In many cases, companies with a favorable loss experience are
scores and take corrective actions. The CSA score, which
facing initial rate increases of 5% or more. Accounts with high
is used to rate motor carriers in various categories, such as
loss ratios and CSA (Compliance Safety, Accountability) alerts,
unsafe driving, crash indicator, hours-of-service compliance,
driving violations compiled by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety
and driver fitness, is now the first underwriting factor used
Administration, are experiencing steeper increases of more than
by insurers to assess a company’s risk profile and what they
15%.
should pay for coverage.
Underwriters are scrutinizing all accounts, with a particular focus ƒƒ State-of-the-art analytics and modeling tools can be used
on CSA scores, loss experience, and driver quality. to pre-determine the appropriate pricing and deductible
impact, a process that helps to strengthen the trucking
company’s hand during negotiations with carriers and level
Challenges
the pricing playing field.
ƒƒ The firming rates are only going to make things more
challenging for truckers.
ƒƒ Compared to many other industries, insurance costs take up
a larger percentage of truckers’ revenues.
ƒƒ Since transportation is a low margin business, a 10%
increase in insurance costs means trucking companies need
to increase their revenue by as much as 20 times the impact
just to cover its related cost.
ƒƒ Transportation insurance losses are being driven by large
jury awards, which regularly exceed $10 million and in a few
cases $100 million.

Source: SNL Financial, A.M. Best

12 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
WORK ERS’ COMPENSATION

Workers’ compensation trends have changed little in recent years.

Guaranteed cost buyers are benefiting from a competitive

environment, with average rate reductions ranging from low single-
digit to low double-digit. The extent of rate decreases depends on the
state or location of risk, classification of business, claims experience
and safety and claim control practices. For clients on loss sensitive
programs, rates have bottomed out for many buyers who have
experienced rate reductions in recent years, although USI expects
they will face flat renewals.

Forecast for 2019

USI anticipates 2019 underwriting and pricing trends will be
similar to 2018. In fact, many states have already approved rate
reductions.

Despite this, insureds who fail to improve loss results, have

declining financial results, and/or may reside in more difficult
industry classes or difficult state jurisdictions, can expect
moderate upward rate pressure in 2019. This upward movement
will be demonstrated more in the guaranteed cost arena than in
the loss sensitive program area.

Markets are insisting on increased retentions for insureds who

have sustained severe losses or have a real need for premium
savings. As workers’ compensation combined ratios and
investment yields continue to improve, cash flow underwriting
is likely to stay as robust as it was in past years. Also, the steady
deterioration of auto liability experience is having some
impact on overall casualty underwriting, including workers’
compensation.

What Insureds Can Do

Insureds should re-evaluate the effectiveness of pre-loss safety ƒƒ Revaluate applicable collateral alternatives and premium,
and post-loss claims handling mitigation efforts and dialogue and loss allocation methodologies.
with their broker and insurer partners to ensure they are
ƒƒ Ensure experience modification factors are properly
achieving optimal results from both initiatives.
calculated.
ƒƒ Working with their broker, insureds should leverage proper
ƒƒ Ensure payroll by classification codes are accurate.
loss and financial analytics to determine their capacity to
assume risk at various retention levels.

13 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
M ANUFAC TURING/ DIS TRIBUTION SEC TOR OV ERV IE W

The manufacturing industry continues to experience a strengthening ƒƒ Due to globalization, minor disruptions in the supply chain
economic rebound following the 2009 great recession, adding over 1 can have a significant financial impact on manufacturers and
million jobs and demonstrating 26 consecutive months of growth as distributors.
of October 2018, according to the latest Manufacturing ISM® Report
on Business. ƒƒ Contamination, spoilage and recall are having a major
impact across the food industry, with U.S. food safety
In addition to the strong growth, the manufacturing landscape regulators recalling about twice as many products as a
is going through dramatic changes, which have led to new decade ago.
opportunities, innovation and challenges. ƒƒ According to a recent study, product recalls by The Food
and Drug Administration rose 92.7% between 2012 through
Highlights 2017.

ƒƒ Strong Output - The Manufacturer’s Alliance for ƒƒ The average cost of a claim for a major recall was $9.5
Productivity & Innovation projects that the US million, with product contamination being the main driver
manufacturing sector will regain all lost output by April for recalls in the industry.
2019, with 2.8% average growth between 2018 and 2021.
ƒƒ Industry 4.0 - Manufacturers are riding the digital What Insureds Can Do
transformation wave at rapid pace, leading to better process ƒƒ Companies should work with risk specialists to conduct
automation and customized production. With 3D printing, a comprehensive risk assessment, identify potential
Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics, to name a few, the vulnerabilities in operations and supply chain, and design
industry is increasing its efficiency, output and speed to effective risk management programs to protect against
market. financial and reputational harm.
ƒƒ Skilled Labor Issues - A number of manufacturers are ƒƒ Employee safety training is essential to minimize risks
looking to temporary employees as well as flex schedules to associated with the labor shortage. Targeted safety and risk
meet staffing demands and remain competitive. control plans can be implemented to reduce employee
injuries, mitigate workers’ compensation costs and eliminate
Challenges production downtime.

ƒƒ Ensuring the integrity and quality of complex automated ƒƒ Contamination, spoilage and recall risks can be addressed
production processes that involve less human oversight is with custom-tailored programs, like USI FoodSafe, that
a significant challenge for manufacturers. An error in the protect Food & Beverage manufacturers against loss or
underlying analysis or data will extend throughout the damage to products across the supply chain, anywhere in the
automated processes. world.

ƒƒ Technology has increased vulnerabilities: E.g. Cyberattacks

can lead to product failure, theft of intellectual property, and
business interruption.
ƒƒ Skilled labor shortage is a significant concern. In a recent
study, labor costs, retention and outsourcing was cited as the
second biggest challenge by U.S. manufacturers, with 98% of
respondents expressing concern over finding, retaining and
engaging talent.
ƒƒ Given the pace and complexity of technologically advanced
operations, coupled with the skilled labor shortage, Source: National Association of Manufacturers (2018 Q3 Survey)
employee training and safety is critical to maintaining
production.

14 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
INTERNATIONAL

Despite an increase in the frequency of natural catastrophe losses,

cyber breaches, and political risk threats, the international P&C
markets continued to offer rate reductions ranging from 5% to 8% in
2018.

The Market Today and Capacity

Insurers are eager to offer rate reductions but are also reviewing and
shoring up terms and conditions to avoid providing cover to non-
traditional P&C losses inadvertently. For example, covering cyber
under a general liability policy or property policy.

Although combined ratios are over 100%, there are new entrants to
the international P&C insurance market and some existing carriers
that are expanding their presence. Certain markets are increasing
their owned networks through acquisitions, while others have sought
to reduce cost by selling unprofitable units.

Highlights
What Insureds Can Do
ƒƒ With Brexit set to occur in April of 2019, markets with UK-
based exposures have been busy addressing how to provide ƒƒ For companies with a decentralized insurance program,
coverage on a Freedom of Services (FoS) basis. conducting a global risk assessment is recommended.
Clients can achieve anywhere from 25-to-70% rate
ƒƒ Technology continues to change the nature of risk, opening reduction on premiums through this process, and more
doors to new entrants, driving convergence of sectors and importantly, eliminate gaps in coverage.
creating new ecosystems.
ƒƒ Accurately report international exposures on a timely basis.
ƒƒ There is rapid development in several major technologies,
like Blockchain, where multiple platforms, proofs of ƒƒ Push standardized loss control and safety procedures across
concepts and even live products launched across lines. the organization.
ƒƒ Mergers and acquisitions continue in the insurance market,
with little impact on available capacity due to huge capital
reserves accrued in the last five years.

Forecast for 2019

ƒƒ Primary foreign casualty - Guaranteed-cost programs should
experience stable but moderate (5% to 10%) rate decreases.
ƒƒ Primary foreign property - Property programs should
experience stable but moderate (0% to 5%) rate increases -
except for risks located in catastrophic zones).

15 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
HE ALTHC ARE PROFE SSIONAL LIABILIT Y

The healthcare professional liability insurance market appears to be Forecast for 2019
at a crossroad - much like the industry in early 2000 - with increasing
claim severity and rates below loss costs. Subject to certain considerations, USI expects rates to remain flat
or increase slightly, particularly for those organizations that are
Additionally, the industry is facing increased threats and risks from assuming a layer of risk and in areas where claim experience as
emerging exposures, such as regulation, Internet of Things (including reflected in loss ratio is averaging less than 80%. Organizations that
cyber), telemedicine and telehealth, all of which threaten to drive fall into one or more of the categories below are likely to experience
overall claim activity. reduction in limits, coverage, terms, and conditions as well as overall
rate increases:
In 2018, medical professional liability insurance companies sought to
end a decade of rate decreases. As a result, USI anticipates that 2019 ƒƒ Industry - Senior Living, Skilled Care, Assisted Living, Post-
will be a transitional year, with rates, capacity, coverage, and terms in Acute Rehab or Physician.
flux based on one or all the following factors: ƒƒ Experience - Five-year loss ratio is greater than 80%.
ƒƒ Geography
ƒƒ Geography - Operations located in Florida, Illinois,
ƒƒ Loss experience Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, New Mexico, New Jersey,
ƒƒ Industry vertical. New York, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and Washington,
DC.

The Market Today and Capacity What Insureds Can Do

Overall, total capacity exceeds $9 billion but is deployed ƒƒ The conditions impacting insureds in certain industries,
selectively depending on location, losses and industry. geographies and with certain loss experiences represent
operational shifts in the underwriting cycles that occur
At the beginning of 2018, fifteen insurers controlled nearly 60% every 10 years or so. To successfully navigate these cycles,
of the total market, with a combined ratio of 73%. organizations can seek guidance from experienced risk
specialists who have successfully steered companies through
previous challenging markets.
Highlights
ƒƒ USI recommends that healthcare organizations take the
ƒƒ Strict underwriting is expected to continue as carriers seek time to evaluate current and potential future exposures,
to determine premium and coverage terms based on client quantify risk, determine risk tolerance, and explore
and jurisdictional experience. alternative risk financing strategies that might be needed in
ƒƒ Insured organizations will increasingly rely on brokers to the coming 12-to-24 months.
develop the most cost-efficient programs and structures. ƒƒ For organizations that have existing risk financing facilities
ƒƒ Where loss experience is good, insurers are likely to hold and structures in place, such as a captive, now is the
renewal premiums flat or seek slight increases in line with time to evaluate current structures and determine what
general inflation. improvements, if any, are needed. In many cases expanded
coverage and financial optimization may be necessary.
ƒƒ The convergence of industry and geographic factors is
creating localized hard market conditions in which rates are
increasing by 50% or more, accompanied by decreases in
limits, coverage, and terms.
ƒƒ As insurers seek to regain a degree of overall profitability,
USI expects this trend to spread and become more
noticeable in poor performing geographies around the
United States.

Source: NAIC
16 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
COMMERCIAL CONS TRUC TION RISK

Increased spending in the construction industry is expected in 2019, ƒƒ Industry consolidation continues and has not yet reduced
particularly for large projects. Specifically, USI anticipates increased capacity or competition.
infrastructure development in the areas of education, healthcare,
industrial, and non-residential projects such as office and retail
facilities. Highlights
ƒƒ There is greater emphasis on job site safety to reduce claims
In the large construction project space, safety, specialization, per man-hour.
timeliness and staying within budget remain the biggest risks.
With good risk management and the use of Controlled Insurance ƒƒ Building Information Modeling is widespread, fostering
Programs (CIPs), insureds can avoid disruptions, reduce loss costs, open collaboration and new ideas.
and meet expectations of all parties who have an insurable risk.
ƒƒ Blockchain technology is on the forefront and may help to
provide trust and verification of compliant work.
The Market Today and Capacity
ƒƒ Uninsurable conditions must be managed in a contract
ƒƒ Professional Protective Liability between invested parties to clearly outline the risk factors
and how those risks will be treated. Uninsurable conditions
–– Competitive - Excess insurance is readily available for
may include liquidated damages for delayed completion or
owners.
unforeseen workforce issues.
–– Project-specific coverage can also be acquired.
ƒƒ Workers’ Compensation & Employer’s Liability Forecast for 2019
–– Competitive pricing and terms.
ƒƒ Total construction spending may produce a 4% increase in
–– High deductible/loss sensitive programs are offered premiums in 2019, compared to 2018, while rates remain
with creative collateral alternatives. mostly flat in certain jurisdictions.
ƒƒ Primary General Liability ƒƒ Greater funding from state and local bond measures will
–– Competitive pricing and terms in certain jurisdictions impact educational facility construction.
and for non-residential construction.
ƒƒ Increased infrastructure spending possible in 2019, if
–– Low deductible/no collateral requirements can be approved by Congress.
obtained for mixed use development.
–– GL Only CIPs admitted markets available to
underwrite non-residential construction. What Insureds Can Do

ƒƒ Excess Liability ƒƒ Start discussions early at the design phase to create a

construction risk assessment plan.
–– Competitive pricing and terms available.
–– Reinstatement of annual aggregates. ƒƒ Identify and assess risk in order of importance with the right
risk management partners.
ƒƒ Builder’s Risk
ƒƒ Using the construction risk assessment plan, monitor risks
–– Competitive pricing and terms available. at each stage of the project and address any real or perceived
–– Low deductibles offered. risks in real time.
–– LEG3, which provides the broadest coverage by ƒƒ Understand the construction project risk management goals
excluding only improvements to the original material, with a clear understanding of the exposures which can be
design or specification for large construction projects, is transferred.
more readily available.
ƒƒ Capacity varies by line of insurance and construction type

17 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
CONS TRUC TION SEC TOR OV ERV IE W

Market pressures continue to squeeze profit margins for ƒƒ New Technology - such as the increased use of robotics
construction contractors. drones, GPS and laser-guided equipment on construction
sites - will continue to have a significant impact on the
With so much uncertainty around trade tariffs, interest rate increases industry. Building Information Modeling (BIM), safety
and higher material prices, economists are questioning whether the applications on tablets and smartphones, drones, and
construction industry can sustain its strong pace of growth in 2019. wearable technology are all advancing contractor’s ability to
provide faster, safer, and better-quality projects on time and
The headwinds notwithstanding the construction industry had a on budget.
record-breaking year in 2018 as evidenced by a 6% year-over-year
increase in put-in-place construction. The growth forecast remains
strong for 2019 as the industry continues to enjoy a vibrant economy Challenges
with favorable outlooks for all major sectors, both private and public.
Labor Shortage - A recent Associated of General Contractors (AGC)
Going into 2019, immigration and labor force issues, offsite study conducted revealed 80% of respondents were having difficulty
fabrication, green construction, technology advances and effective filling skilled labor positions. The labor shortage continues to be one
subcontractor prequalification are expected to impact construction of the leading trends in construction since the downturn in 2008.
firms’ ability to manage risk effectively and efficiently. Even with Congress passing a bill to modernize and increase funding
for careers in technical education, construction firms are struggling
While capacity for construction insurance remains competitive, with recruiting and retaining talent.
insurers are likely to deploy capital selectively. Catastrophe Exposures – Wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes,
flood, snowstorms and other catastrophes have created record
Highlights property losses in the United States in the last twelve months. With
construction materials and equipment heavily exposed to these
ƒƒ Trade Tariffs - The impact of trade tariffs on project costs disasters, construction companies face increased property risks.
and profits remain unclear. Many reports in the first half
of the year showed price increases for materials like steel,
aluminum and lumber even though the tariffs had not been What Insureds Can Do
imposed yet. Curiously, following the imposition of tariffs, ƒƒ While capacity for construction insurance remains
the price increases stabilized, and contractors are now taking competitive, insurers are becoming increasingly selective
a wait-and-see approach. with capacity deployment.
ƒƒ Modular and Pre-fabrications - Pressure to be more efficient ƒƒ USI expects construction firms that are proactive and
with building processes and cost has renewed interest disciplined on their risk management philosophy and
in modular and prefabricated construction. Modular approach will receive a more favorable view from insurance
construction utilizes off-site manufacturing locations to carriers. Having a strong safety culture and the ability
speed up sequencing, thus reducing build time. Additional to articulate an organized and developed claims trend
benefits include quality control and increased worker safety. and strategy are critical points to highlight in market
This construction method, however, raises several serious submissions.
concerns, including:
–– How general liability insurance policies would respond ƒƒ It is important for insureds to work with risk advisors
to a potential claim. on developing analytics around various risk financing
opportunities. This will help drive better decision making
–– Transit and supply chain exposures .
and favorable outcomes. Also, as decisions are made
–– How workers should be categorized for the workers’ concerning material purchasing, construction firms should
compensation program. work with their risk advisors to ensure property and
builder’s risk policies are structured properly to minimize
cost and maximize coverage.

18 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
EMPLOY MENT PR AC TICE S LIABILIT Y

Scores of celebrities, politicians, business executives, and other high-

profile individuals have been accused of sexual misconduct in the
workplace since April 2017.

These incidents have sparked the global #MeToo movement and

provided a platform for women and minority groups, like members of
the LGBTQ community, to voice concerns over troubling workplace
harassment issues that have been around for many years. Employee
walkouts at large companies, such as Google, have also highlighted
the issue of wage disparities.

The increased focus on harassment, discrimination and wrongful

termination in the workplace have created significant liability Source: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
exposures for employers.

The Market Today and Capacity Forecast for 2019

ƒƒ Larger employers continue to be the target for class/mass
The Employment Practices Liability Insurance (EPLI) market is
action claims and will be facing rate increases of 5% to 10%.
currently stable, with insurers continuing to underwrite each risk
separately. However, as more alleged victims come forward, USI ƒƒ Corporate jurisdictions such as California, Texas and New
anticipates an increase in claims and payouts, which may drive York, continue to be problematic states for employers and
premiums up in 2019. greater rate pressure upwards of 20% is expected in these
locations.
For now, market capacity remains in abundance. Not only are the
domestic markets writing EPL risks, but Bermuda and Lloyd’s of ƒƒ With a lower unemployment rate, the workforce has more
London carriers are major market players. options with regards to employers. This may lead to less
tenured employees, with more mobility.
Also, wage and hour (FLSA) policies are available on a standalone
basis from some carriers. ƒƒ We anticipate smaller commercial clients purchasing
Employment Practices Liability coverage more frequently.

Highlights
What Insureds Can Do
ƒƒ Heightened sensitivity around sexual harassment
allegations. ƒƒ Set up underwriting meetings with your broker and
insurance carrier to discuss updated and improved HR
ƒƒ The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission practices and procedures and ensure changes are clearly
(EEOC) remains aggressive in its investigation of employee articulated.
claims. The EEOC has filed over 89,000 complaints on
average over the past five years. ƒƒ Be mindful in the hiring and firing practices as it regards
employees.
ƒƒ The cost of defending an employment practices claims
can climb as high as $300,000 before any indemnity has ƒƒ Use outside counsel, and if a corporation has specified
been paid. The average EPL settlement is $125,000, with a counsel, do your best to pre-negotiate panel counsel and
median of $200,000. panel rates at the time of the renewal.

ƒƒ Other areas of heightened concern are unpaid internships, ƒƒ Establish best reporting practices with your insurance broker
pregnancy discrimination, genetic discrimination, and and carrier, possibly introducing a bordereaux reporting, or
invasion of employees’ privacy. other agreed upon reporting methodology. If not, report all
claims as soon as possible.

19 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
NE T WORK SECURIT Y & PRIVAC Y LIABILIT Y (C Y BER)

Data risk has become part of every insurance conversation, from Forecast for 2019
manufacturing to retail. Cyber is being viewed, more as a peril
than as a line of insurance. This is resulting in some form of cyber ƒƒ Underwriters will continue to access third-party experts in
coverage being offered as part of many other lines as well as a the underwriting of a risk.
standalone coverage.
ƒƒ Competition will drive rate down, but the sustainability of
such competition is questionable.
The Market Today and Capacity
ƒƒ Carriers will be challenged as to the scope of their coverage
ƒƒ Sublimits for notifications, forensics and regulatory fines, when the lines between data protection and consumer
among others, have become a thing of the past. privacy are blurred with laws like Europe’s GDPR and the
California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.
ƒƒ Carriers are now offering coverage with “full prior acts” as
they are realizing that there is no need for retroactive dates ƒƒ As global consolidation continues and programs grow larger,
on these policies. markets will become more enticed to offer larger blocks of
capacity ($50,000,000 - $100,000,000).
ƒƒ Many carriers are releasing or preparing to release new forms
as coverage becomes more streamlined.
What Insureds Can Do
Highlights ƒƒ A complete and thorough submission focused on
operations and controls will help get markets comfortable
ƒƒ Carriers continue to be concerned about aggregation with a risk, resulting in more competitive terms.
as coverage expands to include contingent/dependent
business interruption. ƒƒ Clients should take advantage of carriers’ value-add services
and electronic applications to maximize the value of their
ƒƒ The broadening of network business interruption to address insurance spend.
any unplanned and unexpected network outage has some
excess markets concerned. ƒƒ A broker needs to demonstrate market knowledge and
an understanding of detailed terms and conditions.
ƒƒ Underwriters continue to ask detailed questions and are There are pockets of competitive capacity and coverage is
utilizing third-party experts to assist in the assessment of a continuously evolving.
company’s controls, practices and procedures.
ƒƒ Establishing and maintaining a relationship with markets is
increasingly important in managing premium and retention
levels.

20 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
TECHNOLOGY AND PROFE SSIONAL E& O

The market for professional liability has fragmented into many pieces,
each with its own market condition.

Small to mid-size technology companies (up to $1 billion in revenue)

are seeing significant competition as carriers push to increase their
book on this mostly profitable line of business. Conversely, larger
technology companies are seeing less competition and increases in
rate losses in this space.

Risks that present with class action exposure (business to consumer)

or have large volumes of personally identifiable information in their
care, custody and/or control will, most likely, not see the amount of
competition that other professional/technology firms will see.

The market remains competitive for the majority of miscellaneous

professional liability risks although some classes like franchisors,
real estate investment trusts and risks with exposure in the financial
sector remain challenging. Forecast for 2019
ƒƒ Underwriters will continue to review a submission more
The Market Today and Capacity thoroughly than in the past.
ƒƒ Capacity remains stable although some carriers are pricing ƒƒ Rates will increase for classes of business that have been
themselves out of the market when presented with a risk deemed “high risk”.
that has losses.
ƒƒ Markets will become more enticed to offer larger blocks of
ƒƒ Each carrier has its own philosophy on technology and capacity ($50,000,000 - $100,000,000).
errors and omissions coverage so finding the right home
for a specific client requires a knowledgeable broker and a
diligent search. What Insureds Can Do
ƒƒ Many carriers are releasing or preparing to release new forms ƒƒ A complete and thorough submission focused on
as coverage becomes more streamlined. operations and controls will help get markets comfortable
with risk.
ƒƒ Market capacity tends to be $500,000,000 - $600,000,000
but capacity can be found beyond this if pricing is right. ƒƒ Develop a better understanding of the full range of a
customer’s business risks, define the scope and dialogue
about how to neutralize the risk.
Highlights
ƒƒ Develop a detailed risk assessment checklist to prevent
ƒƒ Even organizations that serve other businesses are feeling procedural mistakes.
underwriters’ scrutiny as many carriers are seeing multiple
claims arising from the same incident/error.
ƒƒ Underwriters are asking more detailed questions and are
bringing in third-party experts to assist in the assessment of a
company’s controls, practices and procedures.

21 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
PUBLIC COMPAN Y D& O LIABILIT Y

Buying conditions have changed over the last year and fewer markets Highlights
are willing to compete to write primary public D&O coverage.
ƒƒ Securities class action filings continue at record rates. The
The few carriers that continue to write this coverage are maintaining pace of securities litigation in 2018 rivals 2017, which was
underwriting discipline and pushing for rate increases which can be a banner year. A proliferation of plaintiff firms bringing
significant for certain risks. Market preference for excess positions frivolous claims underpins this trend.
continue to support price moderation, allowing premium increases
ƒƒ M&A related (merger objection) filings have increased
at primary levels to be mitigated in the excess layers.
substantially year over year and the trend is expected to
continue. Filings have moved to federal court.
Some markets have shown a willingness to expand coverage and
compete on pricing. ƒƒ SEC enforcement activity is below the levels experienced
in 2017, but aggressive regulatory action under the current
administration remains a threat.
The Market Today and Capacity
ƒƒ Supreme Court - Under the Cyan holding, plaintiffs can
ƒƒ Pricing - In general, +10% baseline price increase for
now bring Section 11 (registration statement) claims in
primary policies for mainstream risks seems to be the
state and federal court. USI expects litigation cost to rise as
norm. Desirable risks enjoy the best renewal results, but not
a result.
without some premium increase.
ƒƒ Cyber continues to occupy a prominent position both in
ƒƒ Retentions - Overall retention levels remain stable and
boardrooms and at the SEC.
consistent. Many underwriters are evaluating and adjusting
retentions as part of the current underwriting discipline. ƒƒ Data Privacy - GDPR compliance is an evolving issue.
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) retentions are applied as
needed, but this is not uniform across all markets. ƒƒ #MeToo movement awareness has moved into boardrooms
and is already generating securities litigation.
ƒƒ Terms and Conditions - No constriction in coverage is
yet observed. Policies have been significantly expanded in ƒƒ As international securities litigation increases, firms with
recent years, either by the production of updated forms and international exposure continue to focus on obtaining
or the addition of numerous endorsements. USI anticipates globally compliant programs. More markets are also focused
that consistent with the pricing discipline, exhibited on expanding and improving efficient international coverage
markets will become more sparing and less compliant about placement capabilities to better compete and serve their
expanding coverage. clients.

ƒƒ Excess capacity and Side A - High excess and Side-A

placements continue to command market interest. Due to Forecast for 2019
continued aggressive pricing in this space, minimum pricing
levels appear to have been reached. The present market conditions are expected to continue into 2019.
It is expected that markets will continue to push rate, despite having
ƒƒ IPO Pricing - The IPO market has hardened dramatically achieved recent rate increases. Excess markets are observant and
with severe pricing and retention structures. This market will seek increases, although more moderately. Any significant
continues to get more difficult and less predictable. Carriers market volatility, disruption or triggering event may accelerate these
which have historically been leaders in writing this business conditions. The soft years of the past are over.
have all but walked away.
ƒƒ Preparation is key
ƒƒ Industry consolidation continued in 2018. Certain markets
appear to have significantly reduced appetite for IPO risks. ƒƒ Stay closely tuned to the market and keep your finger on the
pulse
ƒƒ Primary carrier options are generally consistent and some
historically excess markets are repositioning to be able to ƒƒ Above all, set proper expectations with clients.
write primary coverage. These carriers are more willing to do
so if they feel they are getting the right deal.

22 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
PRIVATE COMPAN Y E XECUTIV E LIABILIT Y

The driving risk factor for private company executive liability in 2019 Highlights
will continue to be Employment Practices Liability exposures given
the impact of the #MeToo movement. ƒƒ Sexual harassment
ƒƒ Employee classification
EEOC filings are at historical levels, with a strong focus on sexual
harassment claims. An increase in total loss values is expected as the ƒƒ Workplace violence
new slate of claims start to mature and close.
ƒƒ Cyber risk compliance and controls.
Financial performance continues to be a leading area of D&O risk
for private companies. Also, there is early indications of increasing
Forecast for 2019
claims related to the responsibilities of executive management in
addressing operational risk issues. These issues may include: ƒƒ Continued, gradual firming of the market.
ƒƒ Small pressure on rate, particularly for EPL.
ƒƒ Maintaining a safe work environment for employees who
are concerned about violence or harassment and abuse. ƒƒ Close management of limits capacity.
ƒƒ Classification of employees, post Dynamex, with increased ƒƒ Carrier focus on retention levels with some upward
investigation from state Departments of Labor. movement.
ƒƒ Preparedness for implementation of GDPR and other cyber ƒƒ Increased diligence in underwriting risk control by executive
risk controls. management.

The Market Today and Capacity What Insureds Can Do

ƒƒ Overall market capacity is plentiful; in excess of $500 ƒƒ Develop a strong marketing strategy with your broker by
million. establishing renewal goals, setting expectations and targeting
strong potential carrier partners.
ƒƒ The number of market participants continues to grow
with several new entrants in the last year, offsetting some ƒƒ Provide underwriters an early and comprehensive
acquisition activity. submission that highlights strong internal controls and
commitment by the executive team to risk management.
ƒƒ Competition is robust, but some carriers are tightening
capacity with smaller limit levels or moving to ventilated
layers.

Financial performance continues to be a leading

area of D&O risk for private companies.

23 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
AV IATION

Following an extended soft market and declining rates, 2018 Forecast for 2019
experienced the biggest price fluctuations in the aviation market in
many years. The year was also marked with a great deal of capacity ƒƒ Steady flow of losses combined with natural disaster losses
change. A number of major syndicates left the aviation insurance will continue to shift pricing upwards.
market.
ƒƒ Underwriters will continue the push for higher premiums
and reduced coverage.
These changes and consolidations on the horizon should continue to
edge pricing upwards in 2019. ƒƒ Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) will continue to be
a dynamic growth sector within aviation, but with small
In general, 2018 was a relatively safe year for the aerospace industry, premiums, the long-term contribution to growth does not
but combined losses are expected to exceed $2 billion due to existing, look to be significant.
declining losses.

What Insureds Can Do

The Market Today and Capacity
ƒƒ Present your broker with the most relevant, updated
ƒƒ General Aviation - Industrial fixed wing aircraft are perhaps information on your business and highlight your focus on
the least affected by the current winds of change. Capacity safety.
is abundant but small to medium increases of 5% to 15% are
expected on most renewals. Due to several rotor-wing losses ƒƒ Keep an open dialogue with your broker about what to
in 2018, rotor-wing risks have seen the largest increases. expect at renewal and how many markets will be available to
quote your business.
ƒƒ Airports and Municipalities - While capacity is still high,
rates are increasing for the most part. Large loss-impacted ƒƒ Work with an aviation professional who can negotiate the
risks can expect significant increases in premium,10% or best coverage for your premium using their knowledge of
more, with demand for higher retention. the small niche aviation market.

ƒƒ Service Providers and Product Manufacturers - Losses tend

to drive the renewal pricing discussions in this class. Clients
who have significant loss history are experiencing increases
in the double digits. Grounding claims have had an impact
and may lead to more changes.

Highlights
ƒƒ Increasing underwriting standards and decreased flexibility.
ƒƒ Overall capacity is still high but premiums are climbing.
ƒƒ More aviation syndicates and markets are expected to
consolidate.
ƒƒ Underwriters are expected to continue the measured
approach of increasing rates while seeking to avoid a market
influx if rates and returns become too high.

24 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
CRIME

The crime insurance market continues its trend of stability. Forecast for 2019

Employee theft and social engineering fraud claims are the most ƒƒ Rates remain flat.
prevalent.
ƒƒ Changes in premium will be brought on by changes in
ratable exposures (employee count, revenues, claims activity,
Social engineering claims have nearly doubled since the previous
etc.).
year and is fast becoming the most important coverage an insured
has. It is no longer a question or whether it will happen to an ƒƒ Social engineering will continue to be a growing issue for
insured, it is a question of when and how prepared the insured is carriers which may lead to new policy language.
to lessen or eliminate the severity of the loss. Insurance can soften
the loss sustained but there are caps on the limits being offered.
Underwriting requirements are less invasive for additional limits but What Insureds Can Do
remain in place.
ƒƒ Implement employee education on how to spot and avoid
social engineering fraud.
The Market Today and Capacity
ƒƒ Formalize specific policies to Implement authentication
ƒƒ Crime insurance market remains stable. procedures internally to ensure approval and processing is
legitimate.
ƒƒ Market capacity continues to be abundant with continue
trends to offer multiple year terms. ƒƒ Careful screening during the hiring process can help reduce
the chance of employee dishonesty.
ƒƒ Offerings for social engineering fraud coverage still fluid in
terms of appetite within the market. ƒƒ Employee termination procedures should be implemented
and closely monitored.
ƒƒ Over $10 million in overall market capacity.

Highlights
ƒƒ Employee theft claims remain the leading claims with social
engineering claims becoming a fast second.
ƒƒ Bitcoin/Cryptocurrency claims are becoming more
prevalent and policy working needs to be adapted to cover
these exposures.

25 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
FIDUCIARY

While the market for fiduciary liability insurance has been fairly Highlights
stable, fee litigation is not abating.
ƒƒ Higher Education, Not-for-Profits and Healthcare continue
USI expects insurers to re-evaluate rates in 2019. Premium are likely to be a target for plaintiffs with various allegations of
to increase in the 5%-range on average. Sponsors or plans with excessive fees and inadequate investment options.
increased exposure may experience higher-than-average increases.
ƒƒ Financial Services companies with investment options in
proprietary funds will find it very difficult at renewal. Many
The Market Today and Capacity insurers are reluctant to offer terms at all; and those who
will are limiting coverage by demanding small sub-limits
ƒƒ While capacity is still plentiful, excessive fee litigation is for claims arising from these investment options and higher
not going away. There are several law firms now pursuing retentions. While difficult to place, there are insurers that
actions against plan fiduciaries of smaller plans with assets will offer coverage although premium rates will be higher
under $500 million. Historically, the focus has been on plans than average.
with assets greater than $1 billion.
Forecast for 2019
ƒƒ Insurers are beginning to look for rate increases on a case
by case basis. Momentum with increasing D&O premium Expect rates to begin to increase in 2019 along with the general
rates is leading these same underwriters to focus on other market push on rates in most management liability lines. Insurers
management liability lines. argue rates have bottomed out.
ƒƒ While currently these increases are usually in the higher
risk group of policyholders, we anticipate a more macro What Insureds Can Do
approach by Q1 2019. Excess rates have stabilized and in
many cases, increased limit factors are going up. While not ƒƒ Clients should present robust underwriting submissions to
yet a “hard” market, the landscape is firming. include:
–– Process to select, monitor and make decisions
regarding the Plan, investment options and third-party
The Key drivers of rate are: service providers.
ƒƒ Fee litigation - targeting defendants with plan assets over ƒƒ Whether client utilizes third parties to assist in the selection
$1B historically but the landscape is changing and plaintiff and review of investment options.
lawyers are looking at smaller plans.
ƒƒ Process for periodic review of fees paid by the Plan,
ƒƒ Investments in proprietary funds in the financial services including peer benchmarking review.
industry, especially for smaller plans (<$500M).
ƒƒ Risk management documents which provide detailed
descriptions of processes and control over these areas of
risk.

Premiums are likely to increase in the

5%-range on average in 2019.

26 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
EN V IRONMENTAL

In 2018, the environmental insurance market was impacted by Forecast for 2019
insurance company merger and acquisition activity and a growing
economy that drove more buyers to seek coverage. ƒƒ Rates are expected to stay stable, but vary by coverage line.
ƒƒ Pollution legal liability rates are likely to range from a 5%
More corporations are aware of environmental risks and want to use
increase to 5% decrease.
environmental insurance to protect their assets. This is in contrast to
previous years, when environmental insurance was used mainly to ƒƒ Contractors’ pollution rates: flat to 10% decrease.
satisfy a transaction, contract or regulatory requirement.
ƒƒ Combined general liability/pollution: flat to 7% increase.
Carriers adapted well to the increased demand for environmental
insurance products, although, going forward, they will need to create
What Insureds Can Do
better underwriting efficiencies to meet the demand.
ƒƒ Create an environmental risk profile to identify exposures
With more companies buying environmental insurance today, the associated with an operation, qualify and quantify the
claim frequency and severity continues to trend upwards. USI does impact on the organization, set retention levels and how to
not anticipate the trend dissipating in 2019. Mold claims continued manage the risk.
to pose the biggest challenge, with a number of hospitality risks
exceeding $10 million in mold claims. ƒƒ Develop customized risk maps which identify potential fines
and penalties, known and unknown remediation, closure of
USI expects continued growth and a competitive rate market in 2019 facilities, and toxic tort liability.
for most classes of risks except petrochemical, oil and gas, power and
utility, and mining. Underwriting discipline is expected in certain ƒƒ Develop sophisticated risk modeling platforms that can
real estate risks, such as hospitality, which will be forced to assume include the use of Monte Carlo analytics to look at a range
higher retentions and/or more restrictions for mold coverage. of probabilities and to forecast potential liabilities over a
long horizon.

The Market Today and Capacity ƒƒ Develop internal educational tools, loss mitigation strategies,
and identify the proper resources in environmental
The environmental insurance market remains highly competitive, consulting and engineering to address environmental, health
with close to 50 insurers offering more than $600 million in limit and safety matters or complex legal liability matters.
capacity.

Highlights
ƒƒ The environmental market is experiencing a surge in private
citizen lawsuits.
ƒƒ State Regulation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) continue to be hot issue.
Insurers are scrutinizing risks, and will exclude coverage at
the hint of these high-risk chemicals.
ƒƒ Mass Torts and Product pollution liability risks are an
escalating issue, especially after big court decisions against
Monsanto on its product roundup.
ƒƒ Increase in Violent Storms –that cause release of toxins
either from historical site conditions or from storage of fuels
or hazardous substances or from building materials. More
corporations are buying pollution insurance.

27 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
K IDNAP, R ANSOM AN D E X TOR TION (K RE)

Rates remain stable as insurance capacity is largely unchanged ƒƒ Although problematic countries and regions such as
again this year. Clients benefit from broad coverage extensions Mexico, Venezuela, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon,
with the possible exception of cyber-related expenses. Kidnap and Libya, North Korea, Pakistan, Somalia, Syria, Turkey and
ransom insurers have made a concerted effort to clarify their intent Yemen present ongoing risks and challenges, increased
surrounding this ever-evolving exposure. attention to domestic terrorism and workplace violence has
been the focus of many U.S. clients.
The Market Today and Capacity ƒƒ Since 2015, crypto-ransom kidnappings have been recorded
in 12 countries, according to Control Risks.
ƒƒ A number of large carriers have moved away from
underwriting KRE risks through their dedicated KRE ƒƒ Moreover, a crisis incident response firm’s aptitude in
underwriting group, choosing rather to their management handling crypto-ransom payments is also key.
liability teams.
ƒƒ Market capacity remains largely consistent with most Forecast for 2019
insurers routinely willing to offer $10 million to $25 million
for traditional KRE exposures although higher limits are also Competition among insurers remains healthy and will continue to
available. keep rates and pricing aggressive. USI expects this trend to continue
during 2019, resulting in pricing that is flat to +/- 5% depending on
ƒƒ Although ransom payments from cyber-extortion is a specific risk factors.
covered peril, KRE insurers have taken a firm stance that
added expenses and costs such as loss of earnings, forensics,
notification and liability should be covered under a cyber What Insureds Can Do
insurance product. KRE insurers routinely sublimit these
additional expenses to $1 million or less depending on the ƒƒ Now more than ever, an integrated risk management
overall KRE limit. approach that includes travel risk and security policies,
physical facilities security, systems security, emergency
ƒƒ A major carrier has introduced a new policy form that repatriation, including medical assistance as well as business
includes cyber extortion as a dedicated insuring agreement. continuity is required.
This change allows the carrier flexibility to address cyber
extortion separate from traditional kidnap and ransom. ƒƒ Work closely with risk specialists to coordinate KRE, cyber,
general liability and crime insurance policies and pay
ƒƒ Also noteworthy is AIG’s push to endorse an enhanced attention to ‘other insurance’ provisions is critical.
assault extension to its D&O, employment practices and/or
KRE policies. ƒƒ Be sure to include shooter and workplace violence
extensions in KRE coverage, especially if coverage is not
ƒƒ At least one major carrier has noted an uptick in take-up rate secured elsewhere.
for workplace violence extension - a trend USI expects will
continue. ƒƒ Clients should also confirm their KRE policy’s treatment of
cryptocurrency as part of the definition of ransom.

Highlights ƒƒ Clients should pay close attention to the expertise and

experience of dedicated crisis incident response firms.
ƒƒ Historically, focus has been placed on international
travel as the precursor for KRE exposure. Red24 (now ƒƒ Geographical footprint, training, risk assessment and
WorldAware) reports that 82 people are kidnapped for mitigation services should not be overlooked.
ransom daily which translate into more than 30,000 people ƒƒ Remember the most important KRE insurance decision-
annually. Moreover, 4 out of 5 business travelers are going to making process remains the protection and welfare of an
medium, high and extreme risk destinations. organization’s greatest asset, its people.

28 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
REPRE SENTATIONS & WARR ANTIE S INSUR ANCE

Mergers and acquisition activity in 2018 is tracking relatively close ƒƒ The growing number of insurers has led to greater interest in
to 2017 levels, with transaction count up 2-to-5%. On a cumulative writing R&W insurance for $25-to-$50 million transactions
transaction value basis, however, 2018 may be closer to a record year, – an underserved segment of the market prior to 2017.
according to some estimates.
ƒƒ The number of dedicated primary insurers has remained
There is increased uptake of R&W insurance, particular for fairly constant in 2018 and USI expects the same into 2019.
transactions ranging from $50 million and $2 billion. In USI’s ƒƒ Overall R&W market capacity continues to grow.
estimation, 40 to 50% of transactions in this range include R&W
insurance. ƒƒ Most insurers have at least $25 million in capacity with a
growing number now offering $50 million to $100 million.
The Market Today and Capacity ƒƒ Insurers with large $50-plus million capacities increasingly
are looking to ventilate their capacity, limiting the primary
ƒƒ Insurers continue to cite growth rates in excess of 20%. writings to $30 or $35 million, especially when excess layers
ƒƒ The number of insurers writing U.S. domestic transactions is are purchased.
nearing 25 now, up from 10 in 2015. ƒƒ USI expects a marked increase in the number of R&W
ƒƒ The increased number of insurers and capacity have fostered insurers in 2019.
competition, resulting in roughly a 10%-premium decline in
2018, compared to 2017.
ƒƒ Uptake levels continue to increase due in part to R&W
coverage being required as part of formal auctions or bid
process.

29 Industry Insights | USI 2019 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY & CASUALTY MARKET OUTLOOK
How can we help?

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