CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
The word we live in has become a technical world. Nearly all aspects of society have
been influenced by technology ( Fouts. 2000). According to the research on computers and
education past, present and future, the fact that virtually all segments of society have
changed dramatically by information technologies and will continue to change in the future,
cannot be ignored. Schools must be a part of three changes and research should proceed
with the assumption that technology is and will continue to be a growing element within
the schools.
The development of new technologies, such as cellphones, internet and computers,
has raised a new question. Does the use of new technology have any effect on the students’
academic success? This question is not easy to answer because technologies are used by
the students in several ways. This developing field of educational economics are growing
day by day. In particular, the researchers who follow mobile learning theory believed that
mobile learning contribute s students’ learning in two ways (Valk et al. 2010). First,
technological devices influence the access to educational outcomes (Visses and West
2005). Second, they improve the quality and types of instructional methods (Traxler, 2007)
However, there are some devices which are also sources of distraction and different results
are also found depending on the family’s’ social stability. For example, the higher the
income and cultural level of the families are the more distructions is obtained from this
devices.
1
The integration of technology in the school has created opportunities for a better
teaching and learning environment. The vitality of educational technologies have provided
ways of making delivery of educational services more interesting; and absorption of new
ideas are more engaging for the students.
The integration of technology in the school has created opportunities for a better
teaching and learning environment. The marriage of content and technology not only
provides the teacher with a more effective way to transfer knowledge and information to
students, but also enable students to learn more productively (Neo 2004).
Review of Related Literature
Review of related literature and studies promotes its crucial aspects and ensures the
avoidance of unnecessary duplication. It is an indispensable part of any research project. It
is also an important prerequisite to actual planning and then execution of any research work
(cool, 1997).
Literature Review
Technology is a recent marvel in our every day life that has taken off. Technology
allows the most difficult task to become seamlessly easy and more efficient in education.
Technology has allowed the dissemination of knowledge to be dispersed constantly. And
it allows for quicker and more effective communication. Also, technology has allowed
student to be engage and learn many ways that they never had in a classroom setting before.
According to spear (2012), she cites Donovan, Hartley and Strucller (2007). Computer that
was used in school setting. According to spears (2012) states, “ the first provider of
2
computer access for teachers and student was apple class tomorrow (ACOT). The goal of
ACOT was to promote charge in the context of education” (P.I). spears cites the work of
Donovan et al. (2007), “an increase in enthusiasm for teaching and learning with
technology, an improvement in student writing skills, an increase authentic purposeful use
of technology are some of the benefits of technology integrations programs like the AAL
program “ this programs in the 1980’s and 1990’s pared the way for presidents and
legislators, administrators and educators to become aware of how positively technology
could impact the students and teachers in the classrooms.
The Role of Educational Reform in Technology Development
The role of technology in the world of education has ever been charging. Most
recently, technology has been a new phenomenon to help, motivate, differentiate and allow
students to achieve an excel in ways that they have never been able to before. According
to Johnson (2003), the computer and technology, if used correctly, has the ability to “Invoke
a dream in minds of visionary educators who saw endlessly potential for altering traditional
notions of teaching and learning. (P.2). (a) calls upon the department of education to create
a national strategy to involve technology into all educational programs and the state and
local system, (b) foster understanding of how technology can be used to improved teaching
and learning .(c)slow now technology can be used to create an equal opportunity for all
students to be successful while meeting state education requirements and (d) create high-
quality professional educational opportunities for educators with the ability to integrate
technology into their instruction (Goals 2000; Educate Amereca act,1994).
The goal of D is to improved student academic achievement through the use of
technology. It enhance education through technology Act of 2001 Include,(a)assistance to
3
states for the implementation of technology into schools, elementary and secondary to
encourage students’ academic Achievement.(b)establish and develop technology initiatives
in regards to access to technology ,(c)assistance for acquisition of technology, which
increases the amount of students who have accessibility to technology, (e) professional
development initiatives for teachers and administrators,(h) supports for efforts to involve
families in education and to help in communication (NCLB Act of 2001, 20002). The
NCLB Act also sought to decrease the digital division between students and also use best
practices while integrating technology with teacher training to establish research- based
instructional methods. Spears(2012) states that the council acknowledges the ICT can be a
driving force for education innovation through the improvement of instructional materials
quality. The development of high quality assessment that indicates students learning and
the increase used of data to provide rich feedbacks to students, teachers, and schools
(presidents councils of advisor on science and technology, 2010, P.73).
Effect Of Laptop/ Gadgets In School
The first large-scale one-to-one laptop program initiate for educational for
educational purpose was implemented in the state of main in 2002 (Silvernail and Griller,
2017). All students and teachers in 7th and 8th grade in the state were given laptop,
technology is a rather new phenomenon in the educational world, it need to be introduce a
carefully and with consideration. Technological Gadgets like laptops should be seen as
tools and not replacement of best practices for teaching in the classrooms. Another
important component of technology is students motivation. The teacher in the classroom
must understand how and why students motivated to learn. In his/her study, spears
(2012,P.8) cite the work of the Keller (1987) and explain, “ Attention, Relevance,
4
Confidence and Satisfaction (ARCS) are the four characteristics needs to be established in
order for the students to be motivated to learn.” When looking for the implementation of
the technology in the classroom, education must look closely at their students population
to understand who are they working with, how their students learn best, and how to build
their confidence with technology so they will in return, be satisfied with their learning
experience, and thus, become motivated to learn. Educators cannot simply use technology
as a replacement. Sansone etal.(2011) address students who already have a greater interest
in computers may displayed greater knowledge and interest because the task they may do
on a computer are already relevant to their interest and they are able to make connections
on their own. This finding from Sansone et al.(2011). Shows the importance of using the
four characteristics from Keller (1987). Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction
all come into play with educators and students for technology to be introduced and use
effectively in the classroom.
In order for any Technological Gadgets to become successful, funding must be first
present. If there is no money to fund these and then fund the increase costs of manpower,
infrastructure, and professional development, these will be ineffective and it will be
difficult to obtain the desired results. As race to the common core state standards take effect,
school districts and other states are looking for ways to increase academic achievement
also prepare students for demands of college and careers they may be hold in the future.
Technology is a tool that students and adults may use frequently outside the classroom, but
bringing technology in to the classroom can allow students and teachers to learn in ways
they never have before, thus changing the role of the teacher, the learner, and the
environment in which learning takes place.
5
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Using Academic
gadgets performance
Intervening variables
Gender
Figure I. Conceptual Model of the study
As maybe gleaned in figure 1 above, there were two (2) research variables for this study.
These were the (1) Independent Variable, and (2) Dependent Variable.
As for independent variable, it entailed the Using Gadgets and Academic Performance for
dependent variable. As for intervening variable, it entailed the Gender.
6
Statement of the problem
1. Using gadgets according to the demographic profile of grade 11-A students?
2. What is the extent of using gadgets to the level of the academic performance of grade
11-A GAS Student during first semester S.Y. 2018-2019?
3. Is there a significant relationship between extent of using gadgets to the academic
performance of the students?
Hypothesis
The researchers posited the following null hypothesis:
There is no significant relationship between extent using gadgets to the academic
performance of the students.
Scope and Delimitation of the study
This study focused on determining the Impact of Using Gadgets on Improving
Academic Performance of the Students. The study was delimited to Sulu College of
Technology Senior High School of General Academic Strand grade 11 students. In
addition, the study was also delimited in terms of the availability of time. It is practical for
the researchers not to get all the senior high school student in Sulu College of Technology
in order to carry a quality research. In addition, there will be 35 respondents male and
7
female randomly chosen. Furthermore, to the best of the researcher’s knowledge, no other
similar study has ever been conducted in the school.
Significance Of The Study
This study is beneficial to the institution most especially to the teachers and
students of Sulu College of Technology, Inc. Students will be provided with information
regarding the impact of using gadget to their academic performance, and can be a guide for
them to control and use gadgets properly. Teachers may also benefit from this study
because they would be able to understand better and manage their students well inside the
classroom. This study is also beneficial to the parents because this will serve as their guide
in controlling their son/daughter when using gadgets to improve their academic
performance or for entertainment purposes.
Definition Of Terms
The following terms are defined as used in this study:
Impact- this term refers to the effect or influence of using a technological gadgets.
Technology- this term refers to he human knowledge which involve tools, materials and
system like laptop, cellphone, computer and etc.
Gadgets- this term refers to the computer programs that provide services.
8
Academic Performance- this term refers to the students performances, actions, or
work in school.
General Academic Strand(GAS)- in this study, it refers o the track where the
students are enrolled. It is also referring to those students who are still undecided on which
track to take.
9
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
The chapter discusses about research design, respondent of the study, research locale, sampling
design, scope and delimitation, data gathering procedure, research instrument, validity and reliability,
instrument for gathering data, and the statistical treatment of data used by the researchers.
Research Design
The descriptive survey research design was used in this study. According to Babbie (1995), survey
research is most likely the best method available to the researchers interested in collecting original data to
describe a population too large to observe directly. Moreover, it is a quantitative because it made use the
questionnaire that determined the quantity of the responses of student’s impact of using gadgets on
improving the Academic Performance of the students.
Research locale
This study was conducted at Sulu College of Technology Inc., located at Moore Avenue Alat St.
Jolo, Sulu Philippines formerly Sulu tong jin school, a Chinese school before. It was being renovated and
reconstructed by Eng. Sambas I. Hassan and named as Sulu College of Technology Inc. is the sister of
Mahardika institute of technology in Bongao Tawi-tawi. Sulu college of technology Inc. is a private school
that adheres to the modern concept of discipline, which is based on the rational approach and expect all
students preserve the peace and order in the school campus. Sulu college of technology inc. opened on the
year 2012 together with the K-12 Curriculum program started here in the Philippines. This institution has
Junior high school, Senior high school level that offers five different strands namely Science, technology,
10
engineering and mathematics(STEM), General academic strand(GAS), humanities and social
studies(HUMSS), accounting, business and management (ABM), and technical vocational
livelihood(TVL) and college level that offers different courses furthermore, Sulu college of technology
Inc. also offer TESDA program like bread and pastry and etc. for out of school youth who wanted to enroll
and be able to gain more knowledge and to enhance the skills and the abilities and get TESDA certificate.
Sulu college of technology Inc. has its own vision and mission which is anchored on the verse of Holy
Qur’an surah Al-an’am (6:162) “Truly my prayer, and my service of sacrifice, my life and my death are
(all) for God, the cherisher of the world”.
Research Instrument
The research designed questionnaire the data gathering procedure to get the data. The
questionnaire serves a guide to the researchers. The research instrument that were used to collect data in
this study are described here in. The researcher used a check list such a way that serve as the respondent
guide respondent opinion and view of the topic were also identified through the use of survey. These were
to ensure that the researcher get all the available information from the respondent.
Validity and Reliability
In this study, the researchers used content validity where the researchers measure the content
of research instrument. The researchers used checklist and collecting the first semester grade of the
respondents as an measurement of the study.
11
As stated by Dr. J. Patrick Biddix, the content validity refers the appropriateness of the content of an
instrument. Thus, the instrument used by the researchers, checklist and report card is a valid document
used in schools both and private and public around the Philippines as a record of ratings ( average of grade
) of academic achievement of every student are reliable, therefore it is valid to use as measurement in this
study.
Sampling Design
The researchers used random sampling by taking only 20 samples, from the total population of
44 of Senior High School General Academic Strand on grade 11 students.
Random sampling is a part of the sampling technique in which each samples has an equal
probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be an unbiased representation of the
total population. If for some reasons, he sample does not represent the population, the variation is called
a sampling error.
Data Gathering Procedure
Prior to the distribution of questionnaire checklist, the researchers wrote a letter of permission to
the senior high school principal Mr. Al-Michael D. Ladjahasan and also to the General Academic Strand
Coordinator Mrs. Khadija A. Jalaide to Administer of the study to the respondents. Upon an approval,
the researchers started to distribute the questionnaire checklist to the prospective target respondent and
then retrieved the corresponding data from the answer given.
12
Instrument For Gathering Data
First semester S.Y. 2018-2019 report card from the teacher of senior high school department was
used as instrument to determine the general average grade of senior high school student respondents. The
general average served as the respondents academic performance.
Statistical Treatment Of Data
To effectively analyze the data to be gathered, especially in determining the demographic
profile of the respondents and determining the level of academic performance of the grade 11-A
respondents during 1st semester S.Y.: 2018-2019, the frequency computation and simple percentage
distribution were utilized and correlation for question number three (3) .
As based on the research question, in this study the quantitative data was summarized by
applying statistical method. In collecting the data, the checklist were encoded. In a form of numerical and
statistical values. The treatment analysis of data was summarized using descriptive statistics presentation
which lead the data into a graphic.
Respondents of the study
In this study, the target respondent was Senior high school of Sulu college of Technology Inc,
grade 11 general Academic strand students with a total population of 44 . The selected Sample were 20
respondents.
13
14
