Chapter I – INTRODUCTION

Trash or garbage consists of everyday items we use and then throw away, such
as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps,
newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. This comes from our homes, schools,
hospitals, and businesses.

In the United States, after 30 years of tracking municipal solid waste, the report
has been expanded to include additional information on source reduction (waste
prevention) of municipal solid waste.

They emphasized the importance of sustainable materials management (SMM)

which refers to the use and reuse of materials in the most productive and sustainable
ways across their entire life cycle. SMM practices conserve resources, reduce wastes,
slow climate change and minimize the environmental impacts of the materials we use.

In 2013, Americans generated about 254 million tons of trash and recycled and
composted about 87 million tons of this material, equivalent to a 34.3 percent recycling
rate. On average, we recycled and composted 1.51 pounds of our individual waste
generation of 4.40 pounds per person per day.

In 2013, newspapers/mechanical papers recovery was about 67 percent (5.4

million tons), and about 60 percent of yard trimmings were recovered. Organic
materials continue to be the largest component of municipal solid waste. Paper and
paperboard account for 27 percent and yard trimmings and food account for another 28
percent. Plastics comprise about 13 percent; metals make up 9 percent; and rubber,
leather, and textiles account for 9 percent. Wood follows at around 6 percent and glass
at 5 percent. Other miscellaneous wastes make up approximately 3 percent of the
municipal solid waste generated in 2013.

Solid waste is an environmental problem that has reached critical proportions in

the Philippines. Due to a growing population, rapidly increasing consumption and
increasing urbanization, waste generated in the Philippines is estimated at 19,700 tons
per day. Projections show that waste generation will increase 47 percent by 2010, or
28,875 tons per day (www.sunstar.com.ph).

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Background of the Study

Garbage is one of the biggest problems in our country as we read and see from
news reports and our community is not excluded from this. This study was conducted
to help manage and reduce solid waste that are just disposed such as appliances and
other equipment in households and offices, including computer hardware, when they
are no longer functioning are all considered junks. Most owners will just turn these
materials to junkshops.

Instead of just turning the useless appliances to junkshops, an idea came out that
why not create a useful item out of these junks. All types of appliances junked were
examined and checked to be able to assemble something that is useful and can be used
in our daily life. Each piece of scrap was examined on how each piece will contribute
when assembled will produce a useful product.

Significance of the Study

Part of waste reduction is reusing and recycling. With this study, it will help
reduce our solid wastes and convert it to useful ones. Brand new table and drawer are
expensive while when you create your own out of scrap, you are not only helping the
environment but you are also saving.

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to reduce solid waste by creating a functional table and drawer
out of scrap materials that is as good as commercial ones.

Specific Questions:

1. Is the recycled portable drawer and table as good as the commercial one?
2. Will the recycled portable drawer and table last long?
3. Is the recycled portable drawer and table cheaper than the commercial one?

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Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study was conducted from June to October 2018. It only included solid
wastes from appliances and other solid materials recovered within the community

This study was conducted at the DOST Laboratory Building of Mankayan

National High School, Mankayan, Benguet.

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 Chapter II – Review of Related Literature

RA 9003 provides for a systematic and comprehensive Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM) program for all sectors of society to adopt and implement.

Solid waste refers to all discarded household and commercial waste, non-
hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris,
agricultural waste and non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste.

ESWM refers to the systematic administration of activities which provide for

segregation at sources, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing
treatment and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities which
do not harm the environment.

The Philippines generates about 10,000 million tons of solid waste per year and
only 12 percent of the waste is recycled and re-used.

SWM is the responsibility of local government units (LGUs), i.e., barangays

(the smallest political unit composed of 50-100 families), municipalities, cities and
provincial governments. There are 41,392 barangays, 1502 municipalities, 116 cities
and 71 provinces nationwide.

The barangay is responsible for the segregation of waste at source, collection of

biodegradable and recyclable components and setting up of a materials recovery facility
(MRF). There are about 976 MRFs nationwide. The municipality or city governments
are responsible for the collection and disposal of residual non-biodegradable and
hazardous waste (www.sunstar.com.ph).

Republic Act (RA) No. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000) was signed into law in January 2000 to address the gargantuan solid waste
problem of the Philippines. It espouses the reuse, recovery and recycling of MSW, with
special emphasis on composting, as opposed to outright disposal.

The first three basic policies of this act are to ensure the protection of public
health and environment; utilize environmentally sound methods that maximize the
utilization of valuable resources and encourage resources conservation and recovery;

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and to set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction
through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composting,
recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection,
treatment and disposal inappropriate and environmentally sound solid waste
management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development
principles.

Gardingan (2014) conducted a study entitled, Solid Waste Management

Practices, Awareness, and Perceptions of a Community in Benguet. She noted that solid
wastes have always been regarded as a problem in our society. According to the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (2002), improperly managed solid waste
poses a risk to human health and the environment. A report from the Asian
Development Bank (2004) stated that the Republic Act 9003, also known as the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, has the potential to effectively
address solid waste management in our country.

The goal of the study of Gardingan was to determine the practices, level of
awareness, and perceptions of selected community residents in the Province of Benguet
on Solid waste management. Results showed that most of the residents practice good
solid waste management activities such as selling of used plastic materials or used
papers. The study also showed that they are moderately aware on the solid waste laws/
legislation, health impacts, and environmental impacts.

Gardingan’s study also revealed that the respondents agree on factors that lead
to environmental health threat of improper solid waste management while they strongly
agree on the solutions to proper solid waste management. The study concluded that the
residents are satisfactorily aware and have favorable perceptions on solid waste
management. Her study recommended an intensified information dissemination
campaign regarding solid waste management to the community.

Computer recycling, electronic recycling or e-waste recycling is the

disassembly and separation of components and raw materials of waste electronics.
Although the procedures of re-use, donation and repair are not strictly recycling, they
are other common sustainable ways to dispose of IT waste.

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In 2009, 38% of computers and a quarter of total electronic waste was recycled in the
United States, 5% and 3% up from 3 years prior respectively.

Obsolete computers and old electronics are valuable sources for secondary raw
materials, if recycled; if not, these devices are a source of toxins. Rapid technology
change, low initial cost, and planned obsolescence have resulted in a fast-growing
surplus of computers and other electronic components around the globe. Technical
solutions are available, but in most cases a legal framework, collection system,
logistics, and other services need to be implemented before applying a technical
solution. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, estimates 30 to 40 million surplus
PCs, classified as "hazardous household waste", would be ready for end-of-life
management in the next few years. The U.S. National Safety Council estimates that
75% of all personal computers ever sold are now surplus electronics.

In 2007, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said that
more than 63 million computers in the U.S. were traded in for replacements or
discarded. Today, 15% of electronic devices and equipment are recycled in the United
States. Most electronic waste is sent to or incinerated, which releases materials such as
lead, mercury, or cadmium into the soil, groundwater, and atmosphere, thus having a
negative impact on the environment.

Recycling is considered environmentally friendly because it prevents hazardous

waste, including heavy metals and carcinogens, from entering the atmosphere, landfill
or waterways. While electronics consist a small fraction of total waste generated, they
are far more dangerous.

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Conceptual Framework

The single most dominant issue for solid waste management (SWM) is the
inadequacy of disposal facilities. Hence, instead of disposing these solid wastes, why
not come up with an idea that will make them again useful instead of just waiting for
them to decay and destroy our environment.

Input Process Output

Disassembly/ Functional
Scrap
Assembly of drawer and
materials
scrap table
materials

Hypothesis

The following are the hypothesis of the study:

1. The assembled scrap-made drawer and table is as functional as commercial

drawer and table.
2. The assembled scrap-made drawer and table will help minimize in the usage of
plastics and woods.
3. The assembled scrap-made drawer and table is less expensive than the
commercial ones.

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Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined according to how they are used in the stud.

Multipurpose drawer and table: a recycled drawer and table that can serve as
storage and a surface for working.

Scrap materials: refers to solid wastes such as non-functional parts of appliances

and computer hardware.

Scrap-made: refers to a drawer and table that was assembled out of scrap
materials.

Computer Processing Unit: is the electronic circuitry within a computer that

carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic,
logical, control and input/output operations specified by the instructions.

Computer case: known as a computer chassis, tower, system unit, cabinet, base
unit or simply case, is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer
(usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse).

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 Chapter III – Methodology

Gathering of Data

Solid wastes such as old and non-functional appliances or its parts including
computer hardware were collected to have an idea of what to assemble. The idea of
creating a scrap-made drawer and table was conceived.

Thorough research on how a portable table and drawer functions was made to
be able to come up with a unique one.

Materials: Equipments:

1. Computer hardware (CPU case) 1. Angle grinder

2. Scrap steel bars 2. Riveter
3. Rivets 3. Hand drill
4. Cutting discs
5. Grinding stone
6. Drawer lock
7. Scrap aluminum rollers

Experimental Design

The experiment was conducted using trial and error. Trial and Error is a method
of learning in which various responses are tentatively tried and some discarded until a
solution is attained. It is also the experimentation or investigation in which various
methods or means are tried and faulty ones eliminated in order to find the correct
solution or to achieve the desired result or effect.

There were two experiments done.

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Preparation and Process

The following are the experiments conducted by the researchers.

Experiment 1

A CPU case was disassembled used as body of the drawer.

All its inside parts were removed.
A CPU case was used as the drawer that has a size of 15’’ by 141⁄8’’.
When the drawer was pulled it was stacked up and hard to pull.
When we put objects weighing 150 kilograms the drawer cannot hold it.

Experiment 2

A CPU case was disassembled used as body of the drawer.

All its inside parts were removed.
A CPU case that was reduced in smaller size (161⁄4’’ by 131⁄8’’) used as the
drawer.
Recycled aluminum roller were also installed for easy usage of the drawer.
When the drawer was pulled it was easy.
When we put objects weighing 150 kilograms the drawer can hold it, therefore
it is very durable.

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 Chapter IV – Results and Discussion

Presentation and Analysis

Experiment 1 was tried where the Computer Processing Unit (CPU) was dis-
assembled. Content inside the CPU was removed. The case of the CPU was measured
as 15’’ by 141⁄8’’ that served as the drawer. When the drawer was pulled it was stacked
up and hard to pull. Objects were placed in the drawer weighing 150 kilograms
unfortunately the drawer cannot hold it.

Experiment 2 was then conducted wherein the size of the organizer was reduced
to a smaller one measuring161⁄4 inches by 131⁄8 inches. For the organizer to pull easily,
a recycled aluminum roller was installed. Measured 150 kilograms of objects was
placed in the shelves and was able to carry the load.

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 Chapter IV – Summary Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary

A portable drawer and table was assembled out of disassembled parts of

appliances and other solid waste materials. The portable drawer was first tried only as
a shell of a single Computer Processing Unit (CPU). However, the portable drawer
could not carry the weight of the materials that had been put inside it. Hence, a recycled
aluminum roller was installed and the overall size of the drawer was reduced and it has
shown to have been able to carry the same weight load as the 1st experimented drawer.
But unlike the 1st experiment, the materials were carried with a more balanced and equal
ratio therefore reducing the tendency of breakage in the drawer.

Conclusion

Based on the experiments conducted, this study came up with the following
conclusion:

The drawer and table that was made out of scrap solid materials is a functional drawer
and table and as good as the commercial ones. The portable is as efficient as a
commercial drawer and can carry the same weight load. It can also double as a portable
table which is a bonus added to the design. Generally, it’s a product that is a great
benefit for the community and for the environment.

Recommendation

Based on the summary and conclusions, the following are the recommendations
of the researchers:

Further research and experiment has to be conducted to further improve this

study.

Further research and experiment has to be conducted on how to increase the

weight load that the drawer can carry.

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 References

http://www3.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/#_ga=1.194670436.850722566.147
6118053. Wastes - Non-Hazardous Waste - Municipal Solid Waste

http://universaluniversity.org/Publications/XML?abstract=12285&t=xml. Solid Waste

Management Practices, Awareness, and Perceptions of a Community in
Benguet, Philippines. Kensha Andrea B. Gardingan. 2014.

http://www.upcscavenger.com/wiki/computer_recycling/#page=wiki

http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/ilo/2005/12/11/news/environment.presents.ra.9003.
html. Philippine Solid Waste Management.

http://wikipedia.com

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 Appendix A

Statistical Computation

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 Appendix B

Expenses

Bill of Materials

Cutting Discs………………………………..25.00 x 1 = 25.00

Rivets……………………………………......0.50 x 50 = 25.00

Ball Caster Plate Type………………………23.00 x 4 = 92.00

Flat Bar……………………………………….1⁄2 part = 60.00

Scrap Flat Sheet = 100.00

Angle bar = 300.00

Gas Weld = 50.00

Total _______________________________________________ Php652.00

Labor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Php500.00

TOTAL EXPENSES-----------------------------------------------------------
Php1152.00

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 Appendix C

Student’s Logbook

Date Started Activities Date Ended

June20, 2016 First meeting for research June20, 2016
proposal.
June 22, 2016 Planning for the next thing June 24, 2016
to do.
June 30, 2016 We research/ gathered July 5, 2016
details on how to reuse
scrap materials.
July 11, 2016 We collected possible July 14, 2016
scrap materials that can
be transformed into
useful item.
July 18, 2016 We started of assembling July 22, 2016
dis-assembled solid scrap
materials.
August 8, 2016 Started conceptualizing a August 11, 2016
write-up. Planned of
coming up with an
organizer made of scrap
materials.
August 15, 2016 Dis-assembled content of August 19, 2016
a CPU case and emptied
it. Gathered scrap flat
bars, angle bars and flat
sheets.
August 22, 2016 Assembled an organizer August 23, 2016
without reducing the size
of the CPU case and has
no brace.
August 24, 2016 The experiment failed August 24, 2016
because the organizer
cannot be operated well.
August 25, 2016 Researched on August 26, 2016
constructing an organizer
with reduced CPU size
with the help of angle
bars and flat bars as
braces.
August 29, 2016 Continue doing the parts August 30, 2016
of the write-up.
September 5, 2016 The Experiment is a September5, 2016
success.

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September 6, 2016 The project was brought September 7, 2016
to ah shop to be
permanently assembled
through gas weld.
September 8, 2016 We painted the organizer September 13, 2016
with a primer until its final
coating.
September 16, 2016 We added a ball caster September 16, 2016
plate type as an accessory
to the organizer for easy
transportation of it.
September 19, 2016 We tried our organizer by September 23, 2016
putting some different
heavy objects.
September 26, 2016 We finalized the write-up. September 30, 2016

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 Appendix B

Pictures of the First Experiment

Pictures of the Second Experiment

Picture of the Final Output

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