Special Edition

Pre-Intermediate
Student’s Book

John and Liz Soars

3
CONTENTS LANGUAGE INPUT
Unit Grammar Vocabulary Everyday English
1 Getting to Tenses Using a bilingual dictionary p9 Social expressions 1
know you Present, past, future p6–8 Parts of speech Have a good weekend!
p6 Questions adjective, preposition p9 Same to you. p13
Where were you born? p6–8 Words with more than one meaning
What do you do? a book to read
Questions words I booked a table. p9
who … ?, Why … ?, How much … ? p7

2 The way we live Present tenses Describing countries Making conversation
p14 Present Simple a beautiful country Asking questions
Most people live in the south. p14 the coast Showing that you’re
Present Continuous This country exports wool. p14 interested p21
What’s he doing at the moment? p16 Collocation
have/have got Daily life
We have a population of … p15 talk to my friends p17
Have you got a mobile phone? p16

3 It all went wrong Past tenses Irregular verbs Time expressions
p22 Past simple saw, went, told p23 the eighth of January
He heard a noise. Making connections at, on, in
What did you do last night? p23 break/mend, lose/find p23 at six o’clock
Past Continuous Nouns, verbs, and adjectives on Saturday
Where was he living? p24 Suffixes to make different parts of speech in 1995 p29
He was living in Manhattan. p24 discuss, discussion p28
Making negatives
pack, unpack p28

4 Let’s go Quantity Buying things Prices and shopping
shopping! much and many milk, eggs, bread, a packet of crisps, £1.99
p30 How much butter? How many eggs? p30 a can of cola, shampoo, soap, $160
some and any sweaters, newsagent, phone card, What’s the exchange
some apples, any grapes p31 a tie, conditioner p37 rate?
something, anyone, nobody, everywhere p32 How much is a pair of
a few, a little, a lot of p31 jeans? p37
Articles
a shopkeeper, an old village
He sells bread. p33

Stop and check 1   Teacher’s Book p130

5 What do you Verb patterns 1 Hot verbs How do you feel?
want to do? want/hope to do, enjoy/like doing have, go, come nervous, fed up
p38 looking forward to doing, ’d like to do p38 have an accident Cheer up! p45
Future intentions go wrong
going to and will come first p44
They’re going to see a football match.
I’ll pick it up for you. p40

6 Tell me! What’s it like? Talking about cities Directions

What’s it like? What’s Paris like? p46 modern buildings p47 farm, wood, pond
p46 Comparative and superlative adjectives Synonyms and antonyms opposite the car park
big, bigger, biggest lovely, beautiful, interested, bored p52 over the bridge p53
good, better, best p48

7 Fame Present Perfect and Past Simple Past participles Short answers
p54 She has written more than 25 novels. lived, written p54 Do you like cooking?
He wrote 47 novels. p54 Adverbs Yes, I do.
for and since slowly, carefully, just, still, too p60 No, I don’t. p61
for three years Word pairs
since 1985 p56 this and that
Tense revision ladies and gentlemen p60
Where do you live?
How long have you lived there?
Why did you move? p56

2
 SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Reading Speaking Listening Writing (in the Workbook)
‘People, the great communicators’ – Information gap – Jack Dawson Best friends – four people talk Informal letters
the many ways we communicate p8 about their best friends p12 A letter to a penfriend WB p9
p11 Discussion – do you have a best
friend? p12

‘Tale of two cities’ – two people Information gap – people’s ‘A 24/7 society’ – A radio Linking words
talk about their two homes in lifestyles p16 programme about night but, however WB p14
different countries (jigsaw) p18 Exchanging information about workers p20 Describing a person WB p15
immigrants to the USA p18

‘Formula One Taxi’ p22 Telling stories An extract from The Three Linking words
‘Academic destroys priceless books’ fortunately/unfortunately p25 Students p26 while, during, and for WB p20
p24 Writing a story 1 WB p21
‘Teenager goes on spending spree’
(jigsaw) p25
Sherlock Holmes – The Three
Students p26

Markets around the world – Survey – the good things and ‘My uncle’s a shopkeeper’ p33 Filling in forms WB p26
Bangkok, Provence, and bad things about living in Buying things – conversations in
Marrakech p34 your city p32 shops p36
Discussion – going to a market
p34

The children of Gaza p42 What are your plans and Having a bad day p44 Writing a postcard WB p32
ambitions? p39

‘London, the world in one city’ – Is Information gap – comparing Living in another country – an Relative clauses 1
London the most cosmopolitan cities p48 interview with a girl who went who/that/which/where WB p37
city in the world? (jigsaw) p50 Discussion – London: the world to live in Sweden p49 Describing a place WB p37
in one city p50

Celebrity interview from Hi! Mingle – Find someone who … An interview with a Formula Relative clauses 2
Magazine with a racing driver p55 One driver p57 who/which/that as the object
and a tennis player p58 Roleplay – interviewing a WB p41
sportsperson p57 Writing a biography WB p42
Project – find an interview with
a famous person p58

3
 LANGUAGE INPUT
Unit Grammar Vocabulary Everyday English
8 Do’s and don’ts have (got) to Jobs At the doctor’s
p62 You have to pay bills. receptionist, nurse, chef p63 a cold, the ’flu
I’ve got to go. p62 Travelling abroad food poisoning
should visa, documents p64 a temperature
You should talk to your boss. Words that go together a prescription p69
You shouldn’t drink coffee at night. p64 Verb + complement
must take responsibility, live abroad p68
You must go to the dentist. p64 Compound nouns
post office, headache p68

Stop and check 2  Teacher’s

132 Book p132
9 Going places Time and conditional clauses Hot verbs In a hotel
p70 as soon as, when, while, until take, get, do, make I’d like to make a
When we’re in Australia, we’ll … p70 take a photo, get angry, do me a favour reservation.
What if … ? make up your mind p76 Can I have a credit card
If I pass my exams, I’ll … p71 Hotels number? p77
a double room, ground floor p76

10 Scared to death Verb patterns 2 Shops Exclamations
p78 manage to do, used to do, go walking p78 post office, hairdresser’s p80 He was so scared!
Infinitives Describing feelings and situations I’ve spent so much
Purpose frightening, frightened money! p85
I went to the shops to buy some shoes. p80 worrying, worried p81
what, etc. + infinitive
I don’t know what to say. p80
something, etc. + infinitive
I need something to eat. p80

11 Things that Passives Verbs and past participles Notices

changed the X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm discovered, found p87 Keep off the grass
world Roentgen. Verbs and nouns that go together Out of order p93
p86 The first X-ray was taken in 1896. p86–7 tell a story, keep a promise p89

12 Dreams and Second conditional Phrasal verbs Social expressions 2

reality If the world were a village of 100 people … go away, take off your coat Congratulations!
p94 p94 The plane took off. Never mind.
might I gave up my job. I haven’t a clue. p101
He might go to university.  p96–97 Take them off. p100

Stop and check 3  Teacher’s Book p134

13 Earning a living Present Perfect continuous Jobs and the alphabet game – architect, Telephoning
p102 I’ve been living on the streets for a year. bookseller … p106 Is that Ewan?
How long have you been selling The Big Word formation I’m afraid he’s out.
Issue? p102 death, die Can I take a message?
Present Perfect simple versus continuous variety, various p105 p109
He’s been running. Adverbs
He’s run five miles. p104 mainly, possibly, exactly, carefully p105

14 Family ties Past Perfect for clarification: Hot verbs

p110 They hadn’t seen each other for thirty years. bring, take, go, come Saying goodbye
p110 He’s coming to see me. Have a safe journey!
Reported statements He’s bringing his children. Thank you for a lovely
He told me that he liked him. I went to the USA. evening. p117
He said that he’d met him at univesity. p112 I took my nephews. p113
Stop and check 4  Teacher’s Book p136
Tapescripts p118          Grammar Reference p129          Word list Teacher’s Book p124

4
 SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Reading Speaking Listening Writing (in the Workbook)
Online advice – three Jobs – a game p63 Holidays in January – three Writing letters
problems, six suggestions Discussion – house rules p63 people’s advice on what to do Formal letters WB p47
p66 Asking questions about places p65 in their country in January
Roleplay – acting a dialogue p67 p65
Group work – a letter to a problem At the doctor’s p69
page p67

Sunset in the West – how What will you do? p72 Life in 2050 – an interview with Linking words 2
China and India are Discussion – what will life be like in Michio Kaku, professor of Advantages and disadvantages
becoming the world’s the 21st century? p73 Theoretical Physics p73 WB p52
biggest economies p75 What are the largest cities in the world?
p74

‘Don’t look down’ – walking ‘When I was young’ – talking about When I was young p80 Writing letters
on a dangerous footpath your childhood p80 The sinking of the Titanic p84 Formal and informal letters 1
p78 Describing feelings p81 WB p57
‘Into the wild’ – an American Roleplay – interviews with survivors of
boy’s search for freedom the Titanic p85
p82

A discovery and an invention Exchanging and discussing information The world’s most common Writing a review of a book or
that changed the world about DNA and Google p90 habit: chewing gum – the film WB p63
(jigsaw) p90 history of chewing gum p92

Supervolcano p98 Giving advice – If I were you, I’d … Two students talk about their Adverbs WB p68
p96 future plans p96 Writing a story 2 WB p68
Discussion – Surviving a disaster p98

A funny way to earn a Information gap – Nahed Taher p104 Giving news – a telephone Writing letters
living – a Ravenmaster, Discussion – What is a good job? p106 conversation between Craig Expressions in different kinds of
a beachcomber, and a hot air Roleplay – phoning a friend p108 and his mother p108 letters WB p74
balloonist (jigsaw) p106–7 Formal and informal letters 2
WB p75

Twins reunite after thirty years Telling stories p111 An interview with Bob Taylor Writing a story 3 WB p80
p110 What happens in the story? p114–115 p112
The Three Princes – a folk tale Families that live abroad p116 Families that live abroad – p116
p114

Appendix 1 – Irregular verbs p143          Appendix 2 – verb patterns p143          Phonetic symbols – inside front cover

5
 Getting to know you
Tenses  . Questions .  Using a bilingual dictionary  .  Social expressions 1

STARTER 1 Match the questions and answers.

Where were you born? A year ago.
What do you do? Three times a week.
Are you married? In Morocco.
Why are you learning English? Because I need it for my job.
When did you start learning English? I’m a teacher.
How often do you have English classes? No, I’m single.

2 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

TWO STUDENTS My name’s Maurizio Celi. I (1) ________

Tenses and questions from Bologna, a city in the north of Italy.
I’m a student at the University of Bologna.
1 T 1.1 Read and listen to Maurizio. Then complete the text, using I (2) ________ modern languages – English
the verbs in the box. and Russian. I also know a little Spanish, so
’m enjoying ’m going to work live started   I (3) ________ four
’m studying come can speak went languages.
I (4) ________ the course a
lot, but it’s really hard work.
The course (5) ________
three years ago.
I (6) ________ at
home with
my parents and my
sister. My brother
(7) ________ to
work in the
United States
last year.
After I graduate,
I (8) ________ as
a translator.
I hope so, anyway.

6 Unit 1  .  Getting to know you

2 Look at the photo of Jim. Complete the questions
about him.
1
____________
Where does he come from?
2 ____________ live?
3 ____________ live with?
4 ____________ do before he retired?
5 When ____________ leave school?
6 What ____________ studying?
7 How many children ____________ have?
8 What ____________ do next year?
T 1.2 Listen to Jim, and answer the questions. Ask and
answer them with a partner.
3 Complete the questions to Jim.
1
‘Do ___________
you have a job?’ Jim Allen
‘No, I don’t. I’m retired. I’m a student now.’
2 ‘Which university ____________ to?’
‘I don’t go to university. I study at home.’
3 ‘____________ the course?’
‘Yes, I am. It’s wonderful.’
4 ‘What ____________ at the moment?’
‘I’m writing an essay about Don Quixote.’
5 ‘Why___________ leave school at 15?’
‘Because my family was poor. We needed the money.’
6 ‘Who____________ to visit next year?’
‘My son and his wife. They live in Spain now.’

GRAMMAR SPOT
1 Find examples of present, past, and future tenses in the texts
about Maurizio and Jim.
2 Which tenses are the two verb forms in these sentences?
What is the difference between them?
He lives with his parents.
She’s living with an English family for a month.
3 Match the question words and answers.
What . . . ? Because I wanted to.
Who . . . ? Last night.
Where . . . ? $5.
When . . . ? A sandwich.
Why . . . ? By bus.
How many . . . ? In New York.
How much . . . ? Jack.
How . . . ? The black one.
Whose . . . ? It’s mine.
Which . . . ? Four.

Grammar Reference 1.1 and 1.2 p129

Unit 1  .  Getting to know you 7

 PRACTICE
Talking about you
1 Ask and answer questions with a partner.
•  Where . . . live?
•  . . . have any brothers or sisters?
•  What . . . like doing at the weekend?
•  Where . . . go for your last holiday?
Make more questions. Use some of the
question words in the Grammar Spot on p7.
2 In groups, ask and answer the questions.
•  Do you like reading books?
•  What sort of books do you like?
•  What are you wearing?
•  What did you do last night?
•  What are you doing tonight?
3 Write a paragraph about you. Use the text
about Maurizio to help you.

Getting information
4 Your teacher will give you some information about Jack
Dawson, a postman. You don’t have the same information.
Ask and answer questions.
Student A Student B
Jack Dawson started working as a Jack Dawson started working as a
postman . . . (When? ). He rides a bike postman thirty years ago, when
because he delivers letters to a lot he was 22. He rides a bike
of small villages. because . . . (Why? ).

When did he start

working as a postman? Thirty years ago.

Why does he ride a bike?

Because he delivers letters
to a lot of small villages.

Check it
5 Choose the correct verb form.
1 Hassan comes / is coming from Syria.
2 He speaks / is speaking Arabic and French.
3 Today Tom wears / is wearing jeans and a T-shirt.
4 Are you liking / Do you like black coffee?
5 Last year she went / goes on holiday to Florida.
6 Next year she studies / is going to study at university.

8 Unit 1  .  Getting to know you

VOCABULARY
Using a dictionary

1 Look at this extract from an English/Arabic dictionary.

The part of speech
The pronunciation in The definition
phonetic symbols
The translation
Nouns and verbs are
separate entries Example sentences with
other useful words
Other words made highlighted (by, fully)
with book come
afterwards

Entries taken from the Oxford Elementary Learner’s Dictionary, English–English Arabic (ISBN: 9780194316231).

2 What are these words? Write noun, verb, adjective, adverb,

preposition, or past tense.
bread _________ beautiful _________ on _________  
hot _________ in _________ came _________  
write _________ never _________ eat _________  
quickly _________ went _________ letter _________

3 These words have more than one meaning. Write two sentences that
show different meanings. Use a dictionary.

Sentence 1 Sentence 2
book I’m reading a good book. I booked a room at a hotel.
kind
can
mean
flat
train
ring

T 1.3 Listen to some sample answers.

4 What are the everyday objects in the pictures? Look around the room
you are in. Find five things you don’t know the words for in English.
Look them up in a dictionary.

Unit 1  .  Getting to know you 9

 READING
Communication

1 How many different ways can people

communicate?

2 Your teacher will give you some ideas to

communicate, but you can’t use words!
Mime to your partner, and your partner
has to guess what they are.
3 Read the text quickly and match the
headings to the paragraphs.

A HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION

HOW WE COMMUNICATE

COMMUNICATION TODAY

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

5 Read the text again and answer the

questions.
1 Which animals are mentioned? What
can they do?
2 What is special about human
communication? What can we do?
3 Which four forms of media are
mentioned in the last paragraph?
4 What is good and bad about
information technology today?

What do you think?

•  What can animals do that people can’t?
•  How do you like to communicate?
• What is happening in information
technology now?

10 Unit 1  .  Getting to know you

PEOPLE
the great communicators

We can communicate with other people in many different

ways. We can talk and write, and we can send messages
with our hands and faces. There is also the phone (including
the mobile for chatting and text messaging), the fax, and
e-mail. Television, film, painting, and photography can
also communicate ideas.

Animals have ways of exchanging information, too. Bees

dance and tell other bees where to find food. Elephants
make sounds that humans can’t hear. Whales communicate
by song. Monkeys use their faces to show anger and love.
But this is nothing compared to what people can do. We
have language – about 6000 languages, in fact. We can
write poetry, tell jokes, make promises, explain, persuade,
tell the truth, or tell lies. And we have a sense of past and
future, not just present.

Communication technologies were very important in the

development of all the great ancient societies:
• Around 2900 BC, paper and hieroglyphics transformed
Egyptian life.
• The ancient Greeks loved the spoken word. They were
very good at public speaking, drama, and philosophy.
• The Romans developed a unique system of government
that depended on the Roman alphabet.
• In the 14th century, the printing press helped develop
new ways of thinking across Europe.

Radio and television have had a huge influence on society

in the last hundred years. And now we have the Internet,
which is infinite. But what is this doing to us? We can
give and get a lot of information very quickly. But there
is so much information that it is difficult to know what is
important and what isn’t. Modern media is changing our
world every minute of every day.

Unit 1  .  Getting to know you 11

 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Best friends

1 Discuss the questions in pairs.

• How many good friends do you have?
• Do you have a best friend?
• Why is he/she your best friend?
2 You are going to hear Michael, Dominic, Walid,
and Shona talk about their best friends.
T 1.4 Listen and complete the chart.

Best friend Whose friend? When did they meet?

Why are they friends?
Kirsty

Sammy

Dave and
Azam

Talal

3 Work with a partner. Answer the questions.

1 Which friends talk to each other about their problems?
2 Which friends share the same hobby? What is it?
3 Which friends only see each other once a year?
4 Which friends go to school?
5 Whose friend likes Indian cooking?
6 Whose friend has a big garden?
7 Whose friend is tall?
8 Whose friend is like a brother?
T 1.4 Listen again. Check your answers.

Language work
4 Match the verbs with the words or phrase.
become the Internet
play emails
send friends
give on the phone
talk football
cook together
grow up food
go on advice

12 Unit 1  .  Getting to know you

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Social expressions 1

1 We use certain expressions in different social situations.

I’m sorry I’m late!

Don’t worry. Come and sit down.

Match the expressions and responses. When do we use

these expressions?

HHow are you? Sleep well!

Hello, Jane! Yes. Can I help you?
How do you do? Good morning!
See you tomorrow! Fine, thanks.
Good night! Pleased to meet you, Ela.
Good morning! Not at all. Don’t mention it.
Hello, I’m Ela Paul. Thanks.
Excuse me! Same to you!
Bless you! That’s very kind. Thank you.
Have a good weekend! Bye!
Thank you very much indeed. How do you do?
Make yourself at home. Hi, Habiba!

T 1.5 Listen and check. Practise saying them.

2 Test a partner. Say an expression. Can your partner
give the correct response?
3 With your partner, write two short conversations
that include some of the social expressions.
Read your conversations to the class.

Unit 1  .  Getting to know you 13

 The way we live
Present tenses  .  have/have got  .  Collocation – daily life  .  Making conversation

STARTER These flags all belong to English-speaking countries. Unscramble the names of the countries.

1 ______________
ratliasau 2 ______________
wen dazenal 3 ______________
thuos facari

4 ______________
toscandl 5 ______________
het tunied sesatt 6 ______________
danaca

PEOPLE AND PLACES

b favourite variety has only
Present tenses and have/have got
This is the second biggest country in
1 Read the texts. Match a country from the the world, but it has a population of
Starter with a text. Complete the texts ____ 30 million. It is so big that there is
with the words from the boxes. a ____ of climates. Most people live in
the south because the north is too
cold. It is famous for its beautiful
a exports enjoy immigrants huge
mountains and lakes – it ____ more
This country has quite a small lakes than any other country. Their
population, just 16 million, but the ____ sports are baseball and ice hockey.
country is ____ . The people are
mainly of European descent, but c elephants grows black climate
there are also aborigines and a lot of
south-east Asian ____ . People live This country has a population of about
in towns on the coast, not so much 45 million. Of these, 76 per cent are
inland, because it is so hot. They ____ and 12 per cent white. It has a
live a lot of their lives outdoors, warm ____ . Either it never rains, or it
and ____ sports, swimming, and rains a lot! It is the world’s biggest
having barbecues. This country producer of gold, and it exports
____ wool – it has more than 60 diamonds, too. It ____ a lot of fruit,
million sheep! including oranges, pears, and grapes. In
the game reserves you can see a lot of
wildlife, including lions, ____ , zebras,
and giraffes.

14 Unit 2  .  The way we live

2 T 2.1 Listen to three people describing the other
countries. Match a country from the Starter with a
description.
d      e      f 
3 Close your books. Remember three facts about each
country.

Grammar spot
1 What tense are all the verb forms in texts a–c? Why?
2 Look at the sentences. Which refers to all time? Which
refers to now?
She has three children.
She’s having a shower.
3 Is have or have got used in texts a–c? And in d and e?
Is have got more formal or informal?
Grammar Reference 2.1–2.4 p130

4 Give some similar facts about your country.

Unit 2  .  The way we live 15

 PRACTICE
Talking about you
1 Practise the forms of have and have got  in the question, negative, and short answer.

Do you have a car? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Have you got a car? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

I don’t have a computer. I haven’t got a computer.

T 2.2 Listen and repeat.

2 Ask and answer about these things with a partner, using have or have got :
•  a computer •  a credit card •  brothers and sisters
•  a stereo •  an iPod •  your parents/a holiday home
•  a camera •  a mobile phone •  your sister/a car
•  a bicycle •  a pet •  your brother/a motorbike

Getting information
3 Work with a partner.
Student A Look at this chart.
Student B Look at the chart from your teacher.

Name and age City and Family Occupation Free time/ Present activity
country holiday

Mohamed, 26
Sarah, 38
Nicole, 15 New York, the two brothers student at high • reading washing-up
getting ready school • Florida or
Mexico
Jeff, 54, and Melbourne, one daughter He . . . office. • tennis, having a
Wendy, 53 Australia and three She . . . swimming barbecue in
grandchildren hairdresser. • Bali every the back yard
summer

Write questions to find the information about the people in

your chart.
City/country •  Where does he . . . from?
Family •  . . . married? •  Has he got . . . ?
•  Does she have . . . ? •  How many . . . ?
Occupation •  What . . . do?
Free time/holiday • What does she . . . in her free time?
•  Where . . . go on holiday?
Present activity • What . . . doing at the moment?
T 2.3 Listen and compare.
4 Ask and answer questions with your partner to complete
your chart.

16 Unit 2  .  The way we live

 VOCABULARY
5 Think of questions to ask about free Daily life
time and holiday activities.
•  What do you do in your free time? 1 Match the verbs and nouns.
•  What do . . . at the weekend?
•  . . . any sports? have TV make to the radio
•  Do you like . . . ? wash to my friends listen my homework
•  Where . . . holiday? watch my hair relax a cup of tea
•  Do . . . winter holiday? talk breakfast do on the sofa
Stand up! Ask two or three students
your questions. Use short answers when have posters on the wall cook magazines
necessary. Find out who has the most clear up the mess send a meal
hobbies and holidays. do a shower put on make-up
have/put the washing-up read emails
Do you like skiing? No, I don’t.
T 2.4 Listen and check.
2 Match the activities from exercise 1 with the correct room.
Check it
Kitchen Bathroom
6 Tick (✓) the correct sentence. _________________________ _________________________
1  Where you go on holiday? _________________________ _________________________
 Where do you go on holiday? _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
2  Do you have any children?
 Do you have got any children?
3  I’m Hans. I’m coming from Living room Bedroom
Germany. _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
 I’m Hans. I come from _________________________ _________________________
Germany.
_________________________ _________________________
4  This is a great picnic! Everyone
is smiling. 3 Do you like where you live? Choose your favourite room. What do you
 This is a great picnic! Everyone do in that room?
smiles.
5  I don’t have a mobile phone.
 I no have a mobile phone.
6  Jack’s a policeman, but he
doesn’t wear a uniform.
 Jack’s a policeman, but he no
wear a uniform.
7  ‘Where is Haleh?’  ‘She’s sitting
by the window.’
 ‘Where is Haleh?’  ‘She sits by
the window.’
8  I’m liking black coffee.
 I like black coffee.

I like my bedroom a lot because I’ve got lots of posters on the walls. I watch TV and
do my homework …
I like my living room. The walls are white, and I love the big, comfortable sofa …
4 Describe your favourite room to a partner. Don’t say which room it is.
Can your partner guess?

Unit 2  .  The way we live 17

18 Unit 2  .  The way we live
Unit 2  .  The way we live 19
 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
A 24/7 society

2 Work with a partner. What is a 24/7 society? Which jobs need people to work at night?
Make a list.
3 T 2.5 Listen to a radio programme about four night workers: Jerry, Afzal, Doreen,
and Dan. Complete the chart. Listen again and check your answers.
Place of work Hours Why working nights Problems

What do you think?

Discuss these questions.
• Who has the best job? Who has the worst job?
• Do you know anybody that works at night? What do they do? What do
they think about it?
• Could you work at night? Why?/Why not?

20 Unit 2  .  The way we live

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Making conversation

1 T 2.6 Listen to two conversations.

Hans and Jamal are foreign students
in Britain. Their teachers, James and
Steven, are trying to have a friendly
conversation with them. Which
conversation is more successful?
Why?
2 Obviously, it is impossible to tell
someone how to have a conversation,
but here are some things that help.
•  Ask questions.
•  Show that you’re interested.
•  Don’t just answer yes or no.
•  Try to add a comment of your own.
•  Don’t let the conversation stop.
Find examples of these in Hans and
Jamal’s conversation on p119.
3 T 2.6 Listen again to Hans and
Jamal’s conversation, paying
special attention to the stress
and intonation. Practise the
conversation with a partner.
4 Match a line in A with a reply in B and a further comment in C.

A B C
1 What a lovely day it is today! I’m enjoying it. Was it a good game?
2 It’s very wet today. Yes, no problems. That’s very kind of you.
3 How are you today? I’m very well, thanks. Where did you find it?
4 Did you have a nice weekend? No, I missed it. We had lunch and went for a walk.
5 How do you find living in London? Thank you. The plane was a bit late, but it didn’t matter.
6 Did you have a good journey? Thank you very much. Makes you feel miserable, doesn’t it?
7 Did you watch the football yesterday? Yes. I got it in Paris last year.
8 What a lovely jacket you’re wearing! Yes, it was lovely. How about you?
9 If you have any problems, just ask me for help. Yes, it is. Thank you. It was a bit strange at first, but I’m getting used to it.
10 Excuse me. Is this your scarf? Mm. Horrible. Beautiful, isn’t it?

T 2.7 Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.

Remember to use good stress and intonation.
5 Think of three questions to ask a partner about each of these subjects.
• last weekend  • something they are wearing  • learning English
Now have a conversation with your partner. Ask your questions.
Try to sound interested in the replies and keep the conversation going.

Unit 2  .  The way we live 21

 It all went wrong
Past tenses  .  Word formation  .  Time expressions

STARTER Here are the past tense forms of some irregular verbs. Write the infinitives.
1 ______ were 4 ______ told 7 ______ took 10 ______ could
2 ______ saw 5 ______ said 8 ______ gave 11 ______ made
3 ______ went 6 ______ had 9 ______ got 12 ______ did

FORMULA ONE TAXI

Past Simple

1 T 3.1 Read and listen to the newspaper article. Why was this the best drive of the taxi driver’s life?

FORMULA ONE TAXI!

W hen taxi driver Tuncer Yilmaz had seven-
time Formula One champion Michael
Schumacher, and his family, as passengers, he
was very excited. He picked them up from the
airport and took them to the city of Coburg in
Bavaria, Germany. But that was nothing – the
real excitement came on the return trip to the
airport. The Schumachers were late for their
plane, and Michael Schumacher very politely
asked to take the wheel of the taxi. He gave
Yilmaz a €100 tip on top of the €60 fare, and got
in the driver’s seat himself. They set off along
the German autobahn, where there are no speed
limits at all.
‘I found myself a passenger, which was strange
enough,’ said Yilmaz, ‘but having ‘Schumi’
behind the wheel was incredible. He drove at
full speed round the corners and overtook in

22 Unit 3  .  It all went wrong

2 Write the past forms of these irregular verbs from the
article.
Grammar spot
have ______ set off ______ 1 What tense are nearly all the verbs in the article? Why?
How do we form the question and negative?
take ______ drive ______
2 Write the Past Simple of these verbs.
ask ______ arrive ______
a ask _____ c like _____
give ______ catch ______ show _____ believe _____
get ______ offer ______ want _____ use _____
find ______ think ______ walk _____
d stop _____
start _____
3 T 3.2 Listen to some incorrect sentences about the plan _____

story. Correct them using negative sentences. Then b try _____
listen and repeat. carry _____
Mr Yilmaz took the Schumacher family to Berlin. T 3.3 Listen and repeat.
3 How is the regular past tense formed?
He didn’t take them to Berlin. He took them to Coburg. How is the past tense formed when the verb ends in a
consonant + y ?
When do we double the final consonant?
4 Complete the questions.
There is a list of irregular verbs on p143.
Where _______________
1 did Mr Yilmaz pick up the Schumacher family?
At the airport. Grammar Reference 3.1 p131
2 Where ______________________________ them?
To the city of Coburg.
3 Why ______________________________ to drive PRACTICE
the taxi?
Because he was late for his plane. Making connections
4 How much ______________________________ as 1 Match the verb phrases. Then make sentences using
a tip? both verbs in the past. Join the sentences with so,
€100. because, and, or but.
5 How fast _________________________________? I broke a cup, but I mended it with glue.
At full speed.
6 How much ________________________________ break a cup answer it
Mr Yilmaz for his taxi? feel ill mend it
€63,000. make a sandwich wash my hair
have a shower laugh
lose my passport be hungry
call the police go to bed
some incredible places.’ They arrived at run out of coffee buy some more
the airport in record time, and the family forget to call him find it
caught their plane. ‘It was the coolest drive phone ring say sorry
tell a joke hear a strange noise
of my life – and the fastest!’ said Yilmaz. ‘It
was the best thing that ever happened!’
T 3.4 Listen and compare your answers.
Mr Yilmaz is now planning to sell his
taxi. One man offered him €63,000 for it, Talking about you
but he thinks he can get more. ‘I need the
money’, he said. ‘Because of the Schumi 2 Ask and answer these questions with a partner. Make
more questions, using the Past Simple.
ride, I could be in big trouble with the
What did you do . . . ?
police.’ And that isn’t because of speeding I watched TV.
•  last night
– it’s because he let Schumacher drive a •  last weekend
taxi without a taxi driver’s licence! •  on your last holiday I went swimming.

Unit 3  .  It all went wrong 23

 CRIME IN THE LIBRARY
Past Simple and Continuous
Academic destroys
1 Check the meaning of these verbs. What
are the past forms? Which two are regular?
priceless books
hide   find   visit   steal   
cut  spend  think   notice Joseph Beck loved books. For
eight years, (...), he regularly
2 Read the newspaper story. Complete 1–8 (1) ________ the National Archive
in the story with the past form of the verbs Library in New York. When he
in exercise 1.
asked to look at extremely rare
3 Answer the questions. antique books, staff (2) _________
• What did Joseph Beck steal? that Mr Beck was a typical academic
• How did he do it?
• Did he do it for money? (...). He was indeed an academic,
Harvard-educated, and a millionaire publisher. But in a
4 Put these lines into the story (…). quiet corner of the library, (...), Mr Beck took out a knife
a and was doing important research and (3) _________ pages from the books. He carefully
b when he was living in Manhattan (4) _________ the pages inside his own books and took
c several pages were missing them back to his Manhattan home, (...).
d while security cameras were looking the
other way When another library user took out a book after Mr Beck,
e where he was making a collection of he (5) __________ that something was wrong – (...). A
rare texts
police investigation (6) _________ that 150 of the books
T 3.5 Listen and check. borrowed by Mr Beck had missing pages. Altogether, he
(7) _________ maps and texts worth $3m.
Grammar and pronunciation
Mr Beck admitted his guilt, and said that his love
1 What tense are the verb forms in
exercise 4? for collecting rare books was difficult to control. He
Why are they used? (8) _________ nine months in prison for his crime.
Notice the pronunciation of was/were.
(he) /wəz ˈlɪvɪŋ/ (he) /wəz ˈdu:ɪŋ/
(they) /wə ˈlʊkɪŋ/ (they) wə ˈmɪsɪŋ/
T 3.6 Listen and repeat.
2 How do you form the question and
negative of these sentences?
He was living in Manhattan.  
The cameras were looking the other way.
3 Look at these sentences. What’s the
difference between them?
When they arrived, she made some coffee.
When they arrived, she was making some
 coffee.

Grammar Reference 3.2 and 3.3 p132

5 Take turns to read aloud the story of

Joseph Beck.

24 Unit 3  .  It all went wrong

PRACTICE Exchanging information
Discussing grammar 5 Look at the photo and read the newspaper
headline. Who is the boy? What is a
1 Choose the correct verb form. ‘spending spree’?
1 I saw / was seeing a very good programme on TV last night.
2 While I shopped / was shopping this morning, I lost / was
losing my money. I don’t know how. Teenager goes on
3 Last week the police stopped / were stopping Alan in his car
because he drove / was driving at over eighty miles an hour. spending spree with
4 How did you cut / were you cutting your finger?
5 I cooked / was cooking and I dropped / was dropping the knife.
brother’s credit card
6 When I arrived / was arriving at the picnic, everyone had / Teenager Hugo Fenton-
was having a good time. Jones borrowed his
elder brother Peter’s
2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Past Simple or … (What?) while Peter
Past Continuous. was working on his
1 While I _______ (go) to work this morning, computer. He then flew
I _______ (meet) an old friend. to … (Where?) and
stayed at the Ritz Hotel.
2 I _______ (not want) to get up this morning. His room cost £  … a
It _______ (rain) and it was cold, and my bed was so warm. night (How much?).
3 I _______ (listen) to the news on the radio when the Next he took a taxi to
phone _______ (ring). the Champs-Élysées.
While he was shopping,
4 But when I _______ (pick) up the phone, there was no he bought … (What?).
one there.    Back at the hotel, Hugo phoned his friends
5 I _______ (say) hello to the children, but they didn’t say and invited them to join him in Paris. They were
anything because they _______ (watch) television. having lunch … (Where?) when Peter phoned.
   He was furious with his brother and ordered
him to return home immediately.
fortunately/unfortunately    Hugo flew back … (When?). When he arrived
3 Continue this story around the class. at London airport, his brother and his father were
waiting for him. ‘They aren’t speaking to me at
the moment,’ said Hugo yesterday. ‘They’re too
angry.’

6 Work in pairs.
Student A Read the article on this page.
Student B Read the article your teacher will
I went out for a walk. give you.
Unfortunately, it began to rain. You do not have the same information. Ask and
Fortunately, I had an umbrella. answer questions to complete the information
Unfortunately, it was broken. about the teenager.
Fortunately, I met a friend in his car.     A                     B
Unfortunately, his car ran out of petrol.
Fortunately, . . .
What did Hugo He borrowed his
Fenton-Jones borrow? brother’s credit card.
4 Tell similar stories around the class. What was his
Begin with these sentences. He was working brother doing?
• I lost my wallet yesterday. on his computer.
• I played tennis last week.
• We went out for a meal last night. 7 Read aloud the completed article
• There was a really good programme on TV last night. with your partner.

Unit 3  .  It all went wrong 25

 READING AND LISTENING
Sherlock Holmes THE THREE
1 Sherlock Holmes is a very famous P a r t  1 • Who copied the exam questions?
character in literature. Underline what
you think is the correct answer to these Sherlock Holmes was staying in one of England’s most famous university towns.
One evening he received a visit from an old friend, Mr Henry Weaver, a tutor at
questions.
one of the colleges. He seemed very nervous and excited.
1 Sherlock Holmes was a ‘I need your help, Holmes. Something very serious happened at my college
doctor/scientist/detective. this afternoon.’
2 He was American/English/Scottish. Holmes was very busy. ‘Why didn’t you call the police?’ he said irritably.
3 He lived in ‘No, no that’s impossible. We can’t have a scandal at the college. Let me
explain. You see, tomorrow is the first day of the university examinations, and
Chicago/London/Edinburgh.
this afternoon I received the Greek translation papers. I put them on the desk in
4 Stories about him first appeared in my room while I went to have tea with a friend. When I returned, I saw
the 19th/20th/21st century. immediately that the papers were lying on the floor by the window.’
‘I see,’ said Holmes. ‘Please continue.’
2 You are going to read a Sherlock
‘Well, at first I thought that perhaps my servant, Bannister, was responsible,
Holmes story called The Three Students. but of course he said no, and I believe him. He and I examined the room very
Look at the picture and headings. What carefully.’
can you guess about the story? ‘And what did you find?’ asked Holmes impatiently.
‘On the table next to the window we found a broken pencil. Also, on my desk
3 Read Part 1 and answer the questions. there was a small ball of black mud. There were no signs of entry at the window.
1 Who are the people in the picture? Please help me, Holmes. It’s clear that someone copied the exam questions. If I
2 Where was Sherlock Holmes staying? don’t find who did it, I will have to cancel the exam and there will be a scandal.’
3 What did Mr Weaver receive that ‘I need to visit your room,’ said Holmes.
afternoon?
4 What was lying on the floor when he
returned to his room after tea?
5 Why couldn’t Mr Weaver call the P a r t  2 • Looking for clues
police? They walked towards the tutor’s room, which was on the ground floor. Holmes
6 Who is Bannister? tried to look in through the window but he wasn’t tall enough. Above lived three
7 What clues did Bannister and Mr students, one on each floor. Holmes entered the room and examined the carpet.
Weaver find? ‘Nothing,’ he said. ‘Let me look at the table by the window.’
‘What can you see?’
8 What do they think happened? ‘Ah, yes, it’s clear what happened. Someone took the papers one at a time
4 Read Part 2. Are these sentences true from your desk over to the window table to copy them, because from there he
(✓) or false (✗)? Correct the false ones. could see when you were returning.’
‘But nobody could see me. I came back through the side door.’
1 The tutor’s room was on the same ‘Ah, so you surprised him and he had to leave hurriedly. Did you hear
floor as the three students’. someone running away as you entered?’
2 Holmes couldn’t see into the room ‘No.’
through the window. ‘Interesting. So, we just have one small ball of black mud as a clue. Now tell
3 He found a clue on the carpet. me, where does that door go to?’
‘My bedroom.’
4 The papers were next to the window
‘Can I examine it?’
because it was easier to read them in ‘Yes, of course.’
the light. Holmes followed Weaver into his bedroom.
5 The intruder saw Mr Weaver ‘Hello,’ said Holmes, ‘what’s this? Another small ball of black mud, exactly
returning. like the one on the desk. Clearly your visitor came into the bedroom.’
6 He escaped through the study ‘I don’t understand. Why did he do that?’
window. ‘Well, when you came back so suddenly, he ran into your bedroom to hide.
7 Holmes found another clue in the Look at the bedroom window, it’s open. That is obviously how he escaped.’
bedroom.
5 Read Part 3. Which of the three
students do you think copied the
papers? Discuss with a partner and then
the class.

26 Unit 3  .  It all went wrong

STUDENTS Listening
6 T 3.7 Listen to Part 4. Whose ideas were
correct? Did you guess who copied
the papers? How did Sherlock Holmes
solve the mystery? What was his
explanation? Who wrote the letter? What
did it say? Are the examinations going to
take place?

What do you think?

• 
Do you think Sherlock Holmes was clever
to solve this mystery?
• 
Why did Gresham decide not to take the
exam?

Language work
7 Write the past form of these verbs from
the story. Which are irregular?
received
receive _____________
find _____________
say _____________
walk _____________
put _____________
try _____________
go _____________
can _____________
see _____________
P art  3 • The three suspects copy _____________
‘Now,’ said Holmes, ‘the three students who live above you. Are they all taking think _____________
this examination?’
leave _____________
‘Yes.‘
‘Tell me about them.’ examine _____________
‘Well, on the first floor is Gresham, an excellent student and an athlete, run _____________
particularly good at the long jump. He’s hard-working but poor.
‘And the second floor?’
‘Daulat Ras lives there. He is from India – very quiet and hard-working, but
Telling the story
Greek translation is his weak subject. And finally there’s Miles McLaren on the
8 Tell the story to a partner in your own
top floor. A very intelligent student, one of the best when he chooses to work –
but he’s very lazy and very worried about this exam.’
words. Begin like this.
‘Now tell me,’ said Holmes, ‘how tall are these young men?’ One evening when Sherlock Holmes was
‘How tall? What a strange question. Erm ... I think Miles is taller than the working at his desk, there was a knock at
Indian, but Gresham is the tallest, over six feet.’
‘Ah, that’s important. Now, Weaver. I wish you goodnight. I’ll return
the door. It was his friend Henry Weaver,
tomorrow.’ a college tutor. Mr Weaver wanted …
Next morning Sherlock Holmes left his house very early before he returned to
the tutor’s rooms. Mr Weaver was waiting nervously for him.

Unit 3  .  It all went wrong 27

 VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION
Noun, verb, and adjective endings Making negatives

1 Look at these sentences from the story of Sherlock Holmes on page 27. 4 We can make adjectives and verbs
Are the underlined words nouns, adjectives or verbs? negative by using these prefixes.
He and I examined the room very carefully. adjectives un-   im-   in-   il-
Are they all taking this examination?
Good luck in Africa. verbs un-   dis-
It was such a lucky chance that you were staying in town.
2 Look at these noun and adjective endings. Complete the sentences, using a word
from the box and a prefix.
nouns -ation  -sion  -ment  -ness  -ence  -ance
packed  possible  agree  tidy  fair  
adjectives -y  -ly  -ous  -ful  -less like  appeared  employed  legal  polite

Complete the charts below and mark the stress.

Noun Verb Noun Adjective

__________ ex’plain __________ ‘friendly
invi’tation __________ fame __________
__________ trans’late ‘laziness __________
de’cision __________ __________ ‘patient
__________ en’joy __________ ‘happy
__________ em’ploy care __________
im’provement __________ __________ ‘different 1 When I arrived at the hotel, I
dis’cussion __________ help __________ __________ my suitcase.
__________ ‘organize ‘beauty __________ 2 I can’t do maths. For me, it’s an
__________ subject.
__________ i’magine guilt __________
3 I don’t __________ fish. I just prefer
__________ ‘advertise __________ im’portant
meat.
im’provement __________ ‘danger __________ 4 In England it’s very __________ to ask
someone how much they earn.
3 Complete the sentences with one of the words from exercise 2. 5 Don’t go into my bedroom. It’s really
  1 I asked the teacher for help, but unfortunately, I didn’t __________ .
understand his _______. 6 I was __________ for two years. Then
  2 Please, can you help me _______ this into English? I got a job in an office.
  3 My English _______ a lot after I lived in London for a month. 7 ‘I think learning languages is stupid.’ 
  4 Watch out! Be _______ or you’ll fall. ‘I __________  . I think it’s a good idea.’
  5 There are many _______ between my two children. They aren’t 8 The thief stole my bag, ran into the
similar at all. crowd and __________ . I never saw
  6 Motor racing is a very _______ sport. him again.
  7 Didn’t you _______ the lecture? I thought it was really interesting. 9 It’s __________ to drive if you aren’t
  8 Thank you for your advice. It was very _______. insured.
  9 The United Nations is an international _______. 10 You gave her more money than me!
10 We received an _______ to Ted and Sarah’s wedding. That’s __________ !
T 3.8 Listen and check. T 3.9 Listen and check.

28 Unit 3  .  It all went wrong

Everyday English
Time expressions

1 There are two ways of saying dates. What are they?

8/1/98    16/7/85    25/11/02

T 3.10 Listen and check.

Look at the same dates in written American English.
What’s the difference?
1/8/98    7/16/85    11/25/02

T 3.11 Listen and check.

2 Practise these dates. They are in British English.

4 June  5 August  31 July  1 March  3 February
21/1/1988  2/12/1996  5/4/1980  11/6/1965  18/10/2000  31/1/2005

T 3.12 Listen and check.

What days are national holidays in your country?

3 Complete these time expressions with at, on, in, or no preposition.

___ six o’clock ___ Saturday ___ 1995
___ last night ___ December ___ the weekend
___ Monday morning ___ summer ___ t wo weeks ago
___ the evening ___ yesterday evening ___ January 18

Grammar Reference 3.4 p132.

4 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

When did you last … ?
•  go to the library •  go to a shopping mall
•  play a sport •  do an exam
•  give someone a present •  see a lot of snow
•  have a holiday •  comb your hair
•  watch TV •  catch a plane

Unit 3  .  It all went wrong 29

 Let’s go shopping!
much/many  .  some/any  .  a few, a little, a lot of  . Articles . Shopping . Prices

STARTER Play the alphabet game with things you can buy. Continue around the class.
A Yesterday I went shopping and I bought an apple.
B Yesterday I went shopping and I bought an apple and some bread.
C Yesterday I went shopping and I bought an apple, some bread, and a car.
D Yesterday . . .

THE WEEKEND SHOP

Quantity

1 Sam and Victor are two students who share

a flat. Victor is at the supermarket with the
shopping list and is speaking to Sam on his
mobile.
T 4.1 Read and listen to their conversation.
V It says here milk. How much milk do we need?
S Two litres.
V And eggs? How many eggs?
S A dozen.
V And what about potatoes? How many potatoes?
S A kilo’s enough.
V And butter? How much?
S Just one packet.

GRAMMAR SPOT
Can we count milk (one milk, two milks) ?
Can we count eggs (one egg, two eggs) ?
When do we say How much . . . ?
When do we say How many . . . ?
Grammar Reference 4.1 p133

2 Match these quantities with the shopping list.

two large bottles six cans
just one white loaf half a kilo of black ones
200g of Cheddar four big ones
four packets

Continue the conversation with a partner.

30 Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping!

3 T 4.2 Read and listen to the rest of Grammar spot
the conversation.
1 Find seven count nouns (CNs) and four uncount nouns (UNs) in the
V Do we need anything else? conversation.
S Let’s have a look. We’ve got some 2 Tick (✓) the correct columns.
apples, but there aren’t any grapes.
And there isn’t any coffee, but We use . . . with with in positive in in negative
we’ve got some tea. CNs UNs sentences questions sentences
V Is there any orange juice left, or some ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (sometimes) ✗
did you finish it? any
S There’s a little, but there isn’t
much
much, so we need some more.
V And vegetables? Have we got many
many vegetables? a lot/lots of ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
S Well, I can see a few carrots, but a few
there aren’t many onions.
a little
Oh, we need a lot of crisps. My
nephews are coming tomorrow!
3 Look at the forms of something/someone, etc. thing
V OK, lots of crisps, and I’ll get The rules are the same as for some and any. some
some more cola. See you soon! Find two examples in the conversation in + one/body
any
exercise 3. where
Grammar Reference 4.1 p133

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
1 Complete the sentences with some or any.
1 Have you got _____ brothers or sisters?
2 We don’t need _____ olive oil.
3 Here are _____ letters for you.
4 I need _____ money.
5 Is there _____ petrol in the car?
2 Complete the sentences with much or many.
1 Have you got _____ homework?
2 We don’t need _____ eggs. Just half a dozen.
3 Is there _____ traffic in your city?
4 I don’t know _____ students in this class.
5 How _____ people live in your house?
3 Complete the sentences with a little, a few, or a lot of.
1 I have _____ close friends. Two or three.
2 He has _____ money. He’s a millionaire.
3 ‘Do you take sugar in coffee?’ ‘Just _____ . Half a spoonful.’
4 ‘Have you got _____ books?’ ‘Hundreds.’
5 I’ll be ready in _____ minutes.
6 She speaks good French, but only _____ Arabic.

Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping! 31

 Questions and answers something/someone/somewhere
4 Work with a partner. You have different pictures. Take 5 Complete the sentences with the correct word.
it in turns to ask and answer questions to find the
differences. Student A look at the picture below. Student B some
thing
look at the picture on p129. any
+ one/body
every
where
Ask about these things. no

towels shaving foam 1 ‘Did you meet _________ interesting at the

soap make-up conference?’
toothbrushes deodorant ‘Yes. I met _________ who knows you!’
toothpaste perfume/aftershave 2 ‘Ouch! There’s _________ in my eye!’
shampoo hairbrushes ‘Let me look. No, I can’t see _________ .’
toilet paper 3 ‘Let’s go _________ exciting for our holidays.’
‘But we can’t go _________ that’s too expensive.’
much … is there? 4 ‘I’m so unhappy. _________ loves me.’
How ‘I know _________ who loves you. Me.’
many … are there?
Have they got any … ? 5 I lost my glasses. I looked _________ , but I
Is couldn’t find them.
there any …?
Are 6 ‘Did you buy _________ at the shops?’
‘No, _________ . I didn’t have any money.’
7 I’m bored. I want _________ interesting to
lots/a lot
(Yes,) read, or _________ interesting to talk
a few/a little
isn’t to, or _________ interesting to go.
(No,) There any 8 It was a great book. _________ loved it.
aren’t
T 4.3 Listen and check.
Student A
Survey
6 Work in groups. Talk about the good things and
bad things about living in your city. Make a
list. Compare your list with the class.

There are a lot of cafés and restaurants.

There are some good shops.
We can go on lots of walks.

But we haven’t got any good museums.

There aren’t many . . .
There’s only one . . .
There isn’t anywhere that we can . . .

32 Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping!

MY UNCLE’S A SHOPKEEPER
Articles M y uncle’s a shopkeeper. He has a shop in an
old village by the River Thames near Oxford.
The shop sells a lot of things – bread, milk, fruit,
1 T 4.4 Read and listen to the text.
vegetables, newspapers – almost everything! It’s
2 Answer the questions. also the village post office. The children in the
1 Describe the man in the picture? village always stop to spend a few pence on sweets
2 What is his job?
3 Where does he live? or ice-cream on their way home from school.
4 What does he sell? My uncle doesn’t often leave the village. He
5 How often does he visit his friends? hasn’t got a car, so once a month he goes by bus to
6 How does he travel to Oxford? Oxford and has lunch at the Grand Hotel with some
friends. He’s one of the happiest men I know.

GRAMMAR SPOT
1 Find examples of the definite article (the)
and the indefinite article (a/an).
a shopkeeper   the River Thames
2 Find examples of when there is no article.
Oxford bread
Grammar Reference 4.2 p133

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
1 In pairs, find one mistake in each sentence.
1 He’s postman, so he has breakfast at 4 a.m.
2 The love is more important than money.
3 I come to the school by bus.
4 I’m reading one good book at the moment.
5 ‘Where’s Jack?’ ‘In a kitchen.’
6 I live in centre of town, near the hospital.
7 My parents bought the lovely house in the country.
8 I don’t eat the bread because I don’t like it.
2 Complete the sentences with a/an, the, or nothing.
1 I have two children, _____ boy and _____ girl.
_____ boy is twenty-two and _____ girl is nineteen.
2 Mike is _____ soldier in _____ army, and Chloë is
at _____ university.
3 My wife goes to _____ work by _____ train. She’s
_____ accountant. I don’t have _____ job. I stay at
_____ home and look after _____ children.
4 What _____ lovely day! Why don’t we go for _____
picnic in _____ park?
5 ‘What did you have for _____ lunch?’ ‘Just _____
sandwich.’

Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping! 33

 READING AND SPEAKING
Markets around the world

1 Discuss these questions.

1 What is the difference between a shopping centre and
a market?
2 Do you ever go shopping in markets?
3 Is there a market where you live? What can you buy
there? Can you bargain for things?

2 Read the introduction to an article about three markets in

very different parts of the world. Why are markets more
interesting than shopping centres?

Markets around the world

Modern shopping centres, with their global brands
and international designer names, look the same
all over the world. So if you want to buy goods
that are different, visit a market. There you can
buy fine products made and grown locally.

3 Work in three groups.

Group A Read about Bangkok.
Group B Read about Provence.
Group C Read about Marrakech.
4 Answer the questions about your market.
1 Where exactly is the market?
2 What days and times is it open?
3 What food does it sell? Give some examples.
4 What other things does it sell?
5 What do you learn about the people who work there?
6 Describe the market. Find some adjectives.
7 What can you do after the market?
8 What do you learn about the town from the text?
5 Find a partner from each of the other two groups. Use the
photos to introduce your market. Then compare the three
markets, using your answers in exercise 4.

What do you think?

Answer the questions with your group.
• Which of the markets would you like to visit most? Why?
• Which do you think is the cheapest / most expensive? Why?
• Have you visited a market in another country? If yes,
describe it.
• Close your books and close your eyes. Imagine you are at the
market you read about. Tell your partners what you can see.

34 Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping!

The floating markets of Bangkok
Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is a city of contrasts. The tall glass buildings look like
any other modern city. But behind them is a place where life hasn’t changed for over 100
years – the canals. Built in 1866 by the King of Thailand, these canals are home to many
Thai people who still live and work there today. There are four floating markets around
Bangkok, and the oldest and most popular is in the town of Damonen Saduak.
This market opens every day from 6.30 a.m. It’s best to shop early and go by water taxi.
After 9 a.m. the tourist buses arrive, and it’s much too busy.
It’s a colourful, noisy, fascinating place. Old ladies with huge hats sit in small boats, filled
with tropical fruit and vegetables, fresh coconut juice and local food. Did you miss your
breakfast? Then just call a seller for a bowl of hot soup. He’ll get it from a cooker at the
back of his boat!
But the boats don’t just sell food. Would you like a traditional hat? A silk dress?
A flowered shirt? Then just call and point. After the noise and excitement of the market,
continue along the canal. Soon you’ll see the wooden houses, orchards, and floating
flowers of the canal villages. It’s a lovely, peaceful way to finish your trip.

A perfect day in Provence

Every Sunday in a small town called Isle-sur-la-Sorgue in southern France there is a truly
amazing market. Isle-sur-la-Sorgue is like Venice. The River Sorgue runs in and out of
the old narrow streets and under the many bridges, and on market day every street and
bridge is packed with stalls. From early morning, this sleepy little town becomes a noisy,
busy place, with sellers calling to you in the accent of the south.
You can choose from an amazing selection of olives, hundreds of cheeses, and delicious
roast chickens. But it is not just a food market. Antique sellers fill the pavements with
beautiful old French furniture, and there are tables covered with antique lace and cloth.
Flower sellers invite you to pick from their brightly coloured bunches of flowers. The air
is filled with the smell of soaps, herbs, and lavender, all made and grown in Provence.
Do you need a sun hat? Did you forget your beach towel? Your choices are endless.
Travellers fill their backpacks with delicious things for Sunday lunch: olive bread,
tomatoes, chicken, melon and, of course, a bottle of local mineral water. At 1 o’clock
everything closes, and everyone goes home. Then it’s time to find a cool place next to
the river for a perfect picnic on a perfect day in Provence.

The souks of Marrakech

Marrakech in Morocco is a city of ancient, sand-coloured buildings and palm trees in the
middle of the desert.
In the centre is the main square, Jemaa el Fna. Here you can see snakes and drink Moroccan
coffee. But behind the square is the real heart of the city. This is the souk (the Arabic word
for market). Hundreds of little shops and stalls are open from early morning till lunchtime,
and again in the evening. The souk, with its narrow, busy streets, is divided into lots of
smaller souks. There’s the aromatic spice souk, the noisy meat souk, the colourful clothing
souk, the gold and silver souk, and many more.
Finally, there’s the carpet souk. Here, hundreds of handmade Moroccan rugs and carpets
cover the pavements. No two rugs are the same. In Mr Youssef’s rug shop, he invites you
to sit down among all the beautiful carpets. A silver teapot arrives with little glasses and
Mr Youssef talks about the different rugs, while his assistants roll them out one by one.
Two hours later, after many glasses of traditional mint tea and lots of bargaining, you
finally choose your rug and leave much poorer. Then it’s time to return to the main
square to watch the snakes and count your money.
Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping! 35
 VOCABULARY AND LISTENING
Buying things

1 What can you buy or do in a clothes shop a pharmacy a café a bank a newsagent’s
these places? Write two things
for each place.
Compare your ideas with the class.

2 T 4.5 Listen to the conversations. Answer the questions.

1 Where are the conversations taking place? Choose from the places in exercise 1.
2 What does the customer want?
3 Can the shop assistant/cashier help?
4 How much does the customer pay?
3 Complete these lines from the conversations. Look at the tapescript on p120 and check your answers.
1 A Hello. Can I help you? 3 A Hello. I _____________ help me. I’ve got a bad
B I _____________ , thanks. cold and a sore throat. Can you _____________ ?
. . . B OK. You can take these three times a day.
B I’m looking for a sweater A Thank you. _____________ some
_____________ . Have you got _____________ ? tissues _____________ , please?
A I’ll just have a look. B Sure. _____________ ?
_____________ are you? A No, that’s all, thanks.
B Medium.

A Here you are.

B That’s great. ____________ ?
A Of course. The changing
rooms are over there.
. . .
4 A Good morning. Can I have a _____________ ,
B I like it.
please?
A It _____________ .
B Espresso?
B How much is it?
A Yes, please. Oh, and a doughnut, please.
A £39.99.
B _____________ there aren’t _____________ .
B OK. I _____________ .
We’ve got some delicious carrot cake, and
A How would you like to pay?
chocolate cake.
B _____________ .
A OK. Carrot cake, then.
B Certainly. Is _____________ ?
2 A ___________ help me?
A Yes, thanks.
I’m looking for this
B _____________ , please.
month’s edition of Top Gear.
A Thank you.
Can you tell me
___________ ?
B Over there.
Middle shelf. Next
to Max Power.

36 Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping!

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Prices and shopping

1 Look at the way we write and say prices in British and American English. Practise
saying them.
British English American English
Written Spoken Written Spoken
£1 a pound $1 a dollar
50p fifty p 50¢ fifty cents
£1.99 one pound ninety-nine 25¢ a quarter
£16.40 sixteen pounds forty 10¢ a dime

T 4.6 Listen to the conversations and write the numbers you hear.
2 What’s the exchange rate between sterling/US dollars and your currency?
There are about five … to the dollar. 3 in a café
In your country, how much is … ? a black/white coffee
an espresso/a cappuccino
•  a pair of jeans •  a computer game
a pot of tea
•  a burger •  a litre of petrol
a sparkling/still mineral water
3 Make conversations in these places with a partner. a piece of chocolate cake
Use the ideas to help you.

1 in a clothes shop
a shirt/tie
What size are you?
small/medium/large
too small/too big
I’ll have it, please.
I’ll leave them, thanks.

4 in a post office
2 in a pharmacy some stamps
conditioner a phone card
shaving foam a letter/postcard to Japan
deodorant send this parcel to Qatar
stomach ache buy some envelopes
sore throat

Unit 4  .  Let’s go shopping! 37

 What do you want to do?
Verb patterns 1  .  Future forms  .  Hot verbs  .  How do you feel?

STARTER Complete these sentences with ideas about you.

•  One day I want to . . . •  Right now, I’d like to . . .    •  I enjoy . . . because I like . . .
•  I can . . . but I can’t . . . •  Tonight I’m going to . . .

HOPES AND AMBITIONS

Verb patterns 1

1 Match the people with their hopes and ambitions.

1
2
 I’d like to become a TV presenter.
 I’m going to be an astronaut and fly to Mars.
a
Sean, 9
3  I’m looking forward to having more time to do the things I want to do. b Mel, 19
4  I would love to have one of my novels made into a TV series.
5  We hope to find work as we go round the world.
6  We’re thinking of moving, because the kids will be leaving home soon.
c Kamal,  29
T 5.1 Listen and check.
2 Complete the chart. d Martyn,  39
Ambitions/Plans Reasons
e
Sean

Mel f
Alison, 59
Kamal

Martyn

Amy

Alison

3 Underline the examples of verb + verb in exercise 1.

I’d like to become a TV presenter …
Look at the tapescript on p121. Find more examples of
verb + verb.

38 Unit 5  .  What do you want to do?

 PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
Grammar spot
1 Complete the sentences with the words
1 In these sentences, one or two verbs are correct, but not all three.
Tick (✓) the correct verbs.
go abroad. Put the verb go in the correct
form. 1 I ____ to live in a hot country.
I want to go abroad. a   want  b   enjoy  c    ’d like
I’d like . . . 2 We ____ going to Egypt for our holidays.
I can’t . . . a    are hoping  b    ’re thinking of  c   like
I’m looking forward to . . . 3 I ____ go home early tonight.
I hope . . . a   want  b   like  c   can
I enjoy . . . 4 I ____ to see you again soon.
I’m thinking of . . .
a   hope  b    ’d like  c    ’m looking forward
I’d love . . .
5 Do you ____ learning English?
2 What’s the difference between these
a   want  b   enjoy  c   like
sentences?
I like going to the library. 6 We ____ having a few days off soon.
I’d like to go to the library today. a    ’re thinking of  b    ’d love to  c    ’re looking forward to
Make correct sentences with the other verbs.
Grammar Reference 5.1 and 5.2 p134
Making questions
2 Complete the questions.
1 A I hope to go to university.
B (What/want/study?) ________________________
2 A One of my favourite hobbies is cooking.
B (What/like/make?) ________________________
3 A I get terrible headaches.
B (When/start/get/them?) ________________________
4 A We’re planning our summer holidays at the moment.
B (Where/think/go?) ________________________
5 A I’m tired.
B (What/like/do/this evening?) ________________________
T 5.2 Listen and check. What are A’s answers? Practise the
conversations with a partner.

Talking about you

3 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
•  What do you like doing on holiday?
•  Where would you like to be right now?
•  Do you like learning English?
•  Would you like to learn any other languages?
•  Would you like to have a break now?
4 Ask and answer questions about your plans and ambitions.
Which countries … go to?
How many children …

What … after this course?

Unit 5  .  What do you want to do? 39

 FUTURE INTENTIONS
going to and will

1 Match the pictures and sentences.

a
1   They’re going to see a football
match.
2    I’ll pick it up for you.
3   Yes, he’s going to visit someone b
in Malaysia.
4    It’s OK. I’ll answer it.
5    Don’t worry. I’ll lend you some.
6   We’re going to have a meal in
town.

2 Add a line before and after the sentences

in exercise 1.

Before
I haven’t got any money. c
Is Tom on a work trip?
The phone’s ringing.
Oh, dear! I’ve dropped my bag.
What are you and Pete doing this evening? d
What are the lads doing this afternoon?

After
Thank you. That’s very kind.
I’m expecting a call.
Thanks. I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
I won’t forget.
That sounds like an interesting place to go.
United are playing at home.
e
There’s a new restaurant we want to try.

T 5.3 Listen and check. Practise the

conversations with a partner.
f
GRAMMAR SPOT
1 Notice the forms of will.
I’ll = short form
I won’t = negative short form
2 All the sentences in exercise 1
express intentions. Three intentions
are spontaneous. Which are they?
Three of the intentions are
premeditated. What happened before
each one?

Grammar Reference 5.3 p134

40 Unit 5  .  What do you want to do?

PRACTICE
Let’s have a picnic!
1 Your class has decided to have a picnic. Everyone must
help. Say what you’ll do.

I’ll make some sandwiches.

I’ll bring some salad.

2 Your teacher didn’t hear what you said. Listen to your

teacher and correct him/her.
Teacher You

Right. I’ll make No, I’m going to make

some sandwiches. some sandwiches!
Oh, all right. Well, No, no. I’m going to
I’ll bring some salad. bring some salad!

Discussing grammar
3 Choose the correct verb form.
1 ‘My bag is so heavy.’ 
‘Give it to me. I’ll carry / I’m going to carry it for you.’
2 I bought some warm boots because I’ll go / I’m
going skiing.
3 ‘Tony’s back from holiday.’ 
‘Is he? I’ll give / I’m going to give him a ring.’
4 ‘What are you doing this evening?’ 
‘We’ll see / we’re going to see a football match.’
5 You can tell me your secret. I won’t tell / I’m not Talking about you
going to tell anyone.
6 Talk to a partner about your plans for this evening,
6 Congratulations! I hear you’ll get married /
tomorrow, next weekend, your next holiday …
you’re going to get married.
7 ‘I need to post these letters.’  What are you doing/
‘I’ll go / I’m going shopping soon. I’ll post / going to do this evening?
I’m going to post them for you.’
8 ‘What about holidays? Where will you go / are you
I’m going to stay at home and …
going this year?’  ‘We don’t know yet.’
4 T 5.4 Close your books. Listen to the Where are you going … ?
beginnings of the conversations. Complete them.
I’m going to see … I think I’ll …
Check it
5 Correct these sentences.
1 What you want drink? 5 I’m looking forward to see you again soon.
2 I have a mineral water, please. 6 I think to change my job soon.
3 I can’t to help you. 7 Phone me tonight. I give you my phone number.
4 It’s starting rain. 8 I see the doctor tomorrow about my back.

Unit 5  .  What do you want to do? 41

42 Unit 5  .  What do you want to do?
Unit 5  .  What do you want to do? 43
 VOCABULARY LISTENING
‘Hot verbs’ – collocations with have, go, come Having a bad day

1 The verbs have, go, and come are very common in English. 1 T 5.5 Listen to the conversation between two
Look at these examples from the text on pp42–43. colleagues at work, Simon and Rob. Answer the
questions.
have go come 1 What’s happening at 12.30?
. . . have classes in . . . going to school can . . . a good education 2 Why isn’t Simon feeling well?
   the evenings . . .    be impossible . . .    comes first . . . 3 Why can’t he go home?
. . . had the . . . can’t go abroad . . . . . . come to school . . . 4 Why can’t Simon’s colleague, Brian, help him?
   opportunity to . . . 5 Are Simon and Rob going out for a meal this
evening?
2 Complete the expressions with have, go, or come.
2 T 5.5 Listen again. Work in groups of 3. Each
1 ______ an accident 6 ______ a cold student writes down expressions they hear with
2 ______ first/second/last 7 ______ wrong one of the verbs, have, go, and come. How many
of each did you hear?
in a race 8 ______ a meeting
Look at the tapescript on p121 and check.
3 ______ out for a meal 9 ______ a good time
4 ______ and see me 10  ______ true 3 Make some notes about a very good, or bad, day
that you had. Use some of the expressions with
5 ______ shopping have, go, and come. Tell your partner about your
day.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of have (or
have got), go, or come.
  1 We’re _________ a picnic next Thursday. Would you like
_________ ?
  2 I _________ a terrible headache. Can I _________
home, please?
  3  You must see my new flat. _________ round and
_________ a meal some time.
  4 ‘I’m _________ out now, Mum. Bye!’  ‘OK. _________ a
good time. What time are you _________ home?’
  5 Hi, Dave. Tariq _________ a shower at the moment.
I’ll just _________ and tell him you’re here.
  6  _________ on! Get out of bed. It’s time _________ to
school.
  7 It’s a lovely day. Let’s _________ to the park. We can
_________ a picnic.
  8 I’m _________ skiing next week. _________ you
_________ any ski clothes I could borrow?
  9 ‘How was the skiing holiday?’ ‘It was great! I entered a
skiing race on the last day, and you’ll never believe it – I
_________ first!
10 Nothing’s impossible – every dream can _________ true.

44 Unit 5  .  What do you want to do?

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
How do you feel?

2 All the lines in A answer the question How are you? Match a line in A with a line in B.
A B
1 I feel nervous. It’s so wet and miserable.
2 I don’t feel very well. I’m going on holiday to Australia tomorrow.
3 I’m feeling a lot better, thanks. My grandfather’s going into hospital for tests.
4 I’m really excited. I think I’m getting the ’flu.
5 I’m fed up with this weather. Nothing’s going right in my life.
6 I’m really tired. I’ve got an exam today.
7 I’m a bit worried. I’ve got a lot more energy.
8 I feel really depressed at the moment. I couldn’t get to sleep last night.

3 Choose a reply for each sentence in exercise 2.

a  Cheer up! Things can’t be that bad!
b  Why don’t you go home to bed?
c  I’m sorry to hear that, but I’m sure he’ll be all right.
d  I know. We really need some sunshine, don’t we?
e  Poor you! That happens to me sometimes. I just read in bed.
f  That’s great. Have a good time.
g  That’s good. I’m pleased to hear it.
h  Good luck! Do your best.

T 5.6 Listen and compare your answers.

4 Make more conversations with a partner about these things:
• a wedding   • a visit to the dentist   • a letter from the bank   
•  a big project at work    •  problems with teenage children

Unit 5  .  What do you want to do? 45

 Tell me! What’s it like?
What . . . like?  .  Comparatives and superlatives  .  Synonyms and antonyms  . Directions

STARTER 1 What is the capital city of your country? What is the population? Is it an old or modern city?
2 Write down two things that you like
I like walking by the Nile in Cairo, but I don’t
about your capital and two things that like travelling by bus. They’re too crowded.
you don’t like. Tell the class.

WORLD TRAVEL
What’s it like? g TODD BRIDGES
1 Read about Todd Bridges.
2 What do you know about Melbourne, Dubai, and
Paris? Where are they?
3 T 6.1 Listen to what Todd says about them.
Write the adjectives he uses for each city.
Compare with a partner.

Grammar spot
1 Match the questions and answers.
It’s beautiful.
Do you like Paris? Yes, I do.
What’s Paris like? It’s got lots of old buildings.
No, I don’t.
2 Which question in 1 means: Tell me about Paris.
Grammar Reference 6.1 p135

4 Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions

about the places Todd visited.

What’s Melbourne like? It’s …

Todd Bridges is only seventeen years old but he is
already a successful tennis player. He comes from
There are …
It’s got …
Chicago, USA, but he travels all over the world
playing tennis. Last year he played in tennis
championships in Melbourne, Dubai, and Paris.

46 Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like?

PRACTICE BIG , BIGGER, BIGGEST!
What’s Chicago like? Comparatives and superlatives
1 You are asking Todd about Chicago. Complete the 1 Read the second part of the conversation with Todd.
questions with is or are and the correct words from the
He compares the places he visited last year. Can you
box.
complete any of the sentences?

‘‘
Melbourne was interesting, but for me,
Paris was ______ interesting ______
Melbourne, and in some ways Dubai was the
______ interesting of all because it was so different
______ any other place I know. It was also the
______ , driest, and ______ modern. It was hot in
Melbourne but not ______ hot ______ in Dubai.
Dubai was ______ hotter! Melbourne is ______
older ______ Dubai but not ______ old ______
Paris. Paris was ______ oldest city I visited, but

’’
the restaurants  the people  the night-life  the buildings
it has some great modern buildings, too. It
1 You What ’s__________
the weather like? was the ______ beautiful place. I loved it.
Todd Well, Chicago’s called ‘the windy city’ and it
really can be windy!
2 You What __________ like?
Todd They’re very interesting. You meet people from
all over the world.
3 You What __________ like?
Todd A lot of them are very, very tall. The Sears Tower
is 110 storeys high.
4 You What __________ like?
Todd They’re very good. You can find food from every
country in the world.
5 You What __________ like?
Todd Oh, it’s wonderful. There’s a lot to do in Chicago.
2 T 6.2 Listen and check. Practise with a partner.
3 Ask and answer the same questions about the city you are
in now.
T 6.3 Listen and check.

Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like? 47

 PRACTICE
Comparing four cities
Grammar spot
1 Which countries are these cities in?
1 What are the comparative and superlative
forms of the following adjectives? What
are the rules? Paris  Beijing  Damascus  Brasilia
a small c busy
cold noisy
near dry
b big d beautiful
hot interesting
wet exciting
2 These adjectives are irregular. What are
the comparative and superlative forms?
far  good  bad

3 Adjectives also combine with as . . . as.

 Melbourne isn’t as cosmopolitan as
Chicago.
Grammar Reference 6.2 p135

2 T 6.4 Listen and repeat the sentences.

/hɒtə ðən/
This summer’s hotter than last.
/əz hɒt əz/
It wasn’t as hot as this last year.
3 Practise these sentences with a partner.
It isn’t as cold today as it was yesterday.
But it’s colder than it was last week.
I’m not as tall as you, but I’m taller than Anna.
This car’s more expensive than John’s.
But it isn’t as expensive as Anna’s. 2 Work with a partner. Your teacher will give you some information.
Student A Read about Paris and Beijing.
T 6.5 Listen and check. Student B Read about Damascus and Brasilia.
4 Learn this poem by heart. Ask and answer these questions to find out about the other two cities.
Good, better, best. • How old is it?
Never, never rest • How big is it?
How old is it?
’til your good is better, • How many people live there? It’s very old. It was
And your better best. • How hot/cold does it get? founded in …
• How wet is it?
• How far is it from the sea?
3 Now compare the four cities.
Paris is bigger than Brasilia.
Beijing is the oldest.

4 Compare some cities in your country.

48 Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like?

 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Conversations Living in another country
5 Work with a partner and continue these
conversations.
1 A I moved to a new flat last week.
B Oh, really? What’s it like?
A Well, it’s bigger than my old one
but it isn’t as modern, and …
2 A I hear Martin’s got a new boss.
B Yeah. He started work last week.
A Oh, really? What’s he like?
B Well, he’s _____ than his old boss,
and …
3 A We have a new teacher.
B Oh, really? What’s she like?
A Well, I think she’s the _____
teacher we’ve ever had …
4 A Is that your new car?
B Well, it’s second-hand, but it’s new
to me.
A What’s it like?
B Well, it’s _____ than my old car …
Act out a conversation to the class.
Whose is the longest?
T 6.6 Listen and compare.
Repeat the last lines.

Check it 1 What do you know about Sweden? What is the country like? What are
6 Correct these sentences. the people like? Discuss these statements about Sweden. Do you think
they are true (✓) or false (✗)?
1 He’s more older than he looks.
1 In winter there is only one hour of daylight.
2 Jake’s as tall than his father. 2 Swedish people look forward to winter.
3 ‘What does Hong Kong like?’ ‘It’s 3 The houses are cold.
really exciting!’ 4 The houses are much better insulated than in Britain.
4 Trains in India are more crowded 5 In parts of Sweden from May to July the sun never sets.
that in Europe. 6 Londoners work longer hours than the Swedes.
5 Al-Azhar University in Cairo is 7 Swedes always start work early in the morning.
oldest university in the world. 8 Country cottages in Sweden are usually very luxurious.
6 He isn’t as intelligent than his sister. 9 All houses have a sauna.
7 This is more hard than I expected. 2 T 6.7 You are going to listen to Jane Bland talking to her friend,
8 Who is the most rich man in the Fran, about her life in Sweden. Jane comes from London, but three
world? years ago she married a Swede and went to live and work in
Stockholm. Listen and check your answers to exercise 1.
9 Everything is more cheap in my
country. 3 Compare your country with what you learned about Sweden.
10 Rome was hotter that I expected. In my country it gets dark at five o’clock in winter, and it’s much warmer.

Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like? 49

50 Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like?
Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like? 51
 VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION
Synonyms antonyms

1 We often use synonyms in conversation because we 3 We can also use antonyms in conversation to avoid
don’t want to repeat words. repeating words.

It’s a lovely day today! Yes, it’s really

beautiful. What an Yes, it wasn’t
awful meal! very nice, was it?

Complete the conversations, using an adjective of Match the following adjectives with their two opposites
similar meaning from the box. in exercise 1.
fed up  generous  brilliant  messy  modern  wealthy interested bored  fed up 
horrible __________ __________
1 ‘Mary’s family is very rich.’
mean __________ __________
‘Well, I knew her uncle was very ______ .’
old __________ __________
2 ‘Look at all these new buildings!’
poor __________ __________
‘Yes. Paris is much more ______ than I expected.’
tidy __________ __________
3 ‘Wasn’t that football match exciting!’
‘Yes, it was ______ .’ 4 Sometimes it is more polite to use not very and an
4 ‘George doesn’t earn much money, but he’s so kind.’ opposite adjective.
‘He is, isn’t he? He’s one of the most ______ people I Tom’s so short. Well, he’s not very tall.
know.’ He always wears such They certainly
5 ‘Ann’s bedroom’s really untidy again!’ dirty clothes. aren’t very clean.
‘Is it? I told her it was ______ yesterday, and she Reply to these sentences. Be more polite.
promised to clean it.’ 1 London’s such an expensive city.
6 ‘I’m bored with this lesson!’ 2 Paul and Sue are so mean.
‘I know, I’m really ______ with it, too!’ 3 Their house is always so messy.
4 Their children are so noisy.
2 T 6.8 Listen and check. Listen again, paying particular 5 John looks so miserable.
attention to the stress and intonation. Practise the 6 His sister’s so stupid.
conversations with a partner.
5 T 6.9 Listen and check. Pay particular attention to the
stress and intonation. Practise the conversations with
your partner.

52 Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like?

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Directions

1 Look at the map of Chesswood and find these things:

• a farm   • a wood   • a pond   • a path   • a hill • a river   • a bridge   • a gate

2 Read these descriptions and add the places 3 Ask and answer questions about the places on the map. Use the
to the map. prepositions from exercise 2.
1 The hotel is opposite the station car
park. Where’s It’s on the corner of Station Road and
2 The bank is on the corner of Lower the library? Green Street, opposite the flower shop.
Road and Hill Road. It is next to the
baker’s.
3 The supermarket is between the 4 Complete the directions from Chesswood Farm to the school with
pharmacy and the greengrocer’s. the prepositions in the box. Look at the map to help you.
4 There is a bus stop in front of the
flower shop in Station Road. up  down  over  past  through  out of (x2)  across (x2)
5 The museum is in Station Road,
opposite the flower shop near the You go ______ the path, ______ the pond, ______ the bridge, and
railway bridge. ______ the gate. Then you go ______ the road and take the path
6 The bookshop is in Silver Street, behind
the school. ______ the wood. When you come ______ the wood you walk
______ the path and go ______ the road. It takes five minutes.

T 6.10 Listen and check.

Unit 6  .  Tell me! What’s it like? 53

 Fame
Present Perfect  .  for, since  .  Adverbs, word pairs  .  Short answers

STARTER What is the Past Simple and the past participle of these verbs?
write  be  sell  win  have  read  do  eat  know  break

FAMOUS WRITERS
Present Perfect and Past Simple
1 How do you think two well-known English writers are related?
Anthony Trollope (1815–1882)
Joanna Trollope (1943– )
Complete the sentences with He or She.
1 _____ wrote novels about Victorian life. _____ writes
novels about modern people and their relationships.
2 _____ wrote 47 novels, travel books, biographies, and
short stories. _____ has written more than twenty-five
novels. _____ started writing in her thirties.
3 _____ has lived in the west of England for forty years.
_____ lived in Ireland for eighteen years.
4 _____ has been married twice, and has two daughters.
_____ married for the first time in 1966.
_____ was married and had two sons.

T 7.1 Listen and check. Practise the sentences.

GRAMMAR SPOT
1 Find examples of the Past Simple in sentences 1–4.
Find examples of the Present Perfect.
2 Complete the rule.
We make the Present Perfect with the auxiliary verb
__________ + the __________ .
3 Why are different tenses used in these sentences?
Anthony Trollope wrote forty-seven novels.
 Joanna Trollope has written more than twenty-five
novels.
Grammar Reference 7.1 and 7.2 p136

54 Unit 7  . Fame
 PRACTICE
2 Put the verbs in the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
Discussing grammar
1 Anthony Trollope ______ (travel) to South Africa, Australia,
Egypt, and the West Indies. Joanna Trollope ______ (travel) 1 Choose the correct verb form.
to many parts of the world. 1 Have you ever been / Did you ever go to a
2 She ______ (win) many awards, and several of her stories football match?
2 I saw / have seen Arsenal play Chelsea last
______ (appear) on TV. Saturday.
3 Her first book ______ (come) out in 1980. Since then, she 3 I love football. I like / have liked it all my
______ (sell) over six million copies. life.
4 She ______ (go) to school in the south of England, and 4 The Arsenal – Chelsea game was / has been
______ (study) English at Oxford University, but she ______ fantastic.
5 I bought / have bought tickets for every
(live) in the country for most of her life. home match at Arsenal’s new stadium.
5 She writes her books by hand. She ______ (have) the same 6 Arsenal moved / have moved to their new
pen since 1995. stadium in 2006.
T 7.2 Listen and check.
Find someone who . . .
3 Here are the answers to some questions about Joanna. What are
the questions? 2 Your teacher will give you a card which
begins Find someone who … .
1 For forty years. 5 In 1980.
2 English. (… study … ?) 6 Twice. (How many times … ?)
3 More than twenty-five. 7 Yes, two daughters. (… children?) Find someone who has been to another country.
4 Over six million. 8 Since 1995.
T 7.3 Listen and check.
Decide on the question, beginning Have you
ever … ? Stand up, and ask everyone in the
class.
Ask questions to find out more.

Where did you go?

What were the people like?

What did you do there?

Did you enjoy it?

How long were you there?

3 Report back to the class.

Hatem has been to …

Unit 7  . Fame 55
 for and since
4 Complete the time expressions with for or since.
1 _____ a year 4 _____ nine o’clock   7 _____ months
2 _____ half an hour 5 _____ I was a student   8 _____ 1999
3 _____ August 6 _____ a couple of days
5 Match a line in A and B and a sentence in C. There is more than one answer.
A B C
1 I’ve known my best friend from 1988 to 1996. It’s not bad. I quite like it.
2 I last went out for a meal for an hour. I went camping with some friends.
3 I’ve had this watch two weeks ago. We met when we were 10.
4 We’ve used this book since 1985. I really need a cup of coffee.
5 We lived in our old flat since the beginning of term. My dad gave it to me.
6 We haven’t had a break for years. We moved because we needed somewhere bigger.
7 I last had a holiday for three years. The food was awful.
8 This building has been a school in 1999. Before that it was an office.

T 7.4 Listen and check. Make similar sentences about you.

Asking questions
6 Complete the conversation.
What tenses are the three questions?
A Where _______ live, Olga?
B In a flat near the park.
A How long _______ there?
B For three years.
A And why _______ move?
B We wanted to live in a nicer area.
T 7.5 Listen and check. Practise the conversation with a partner.
7 Make more conversations, using the same tenses.
1 A What . . . do? 2 A . . . got a car? 3 A . . . know Omar?
B I work . . . B Yes, I . . . B Yes, I . . .
A How long . . . ? A How long . . . ? A How long . . . ?
B For . . . B Since . . . B For . . .
A What . . . do before that? A How much . . . pay for it? A Where . . . meet him?
B I worked . . . B It was . . . B We . . .

8 With a partner, ask and answer questions beginning How long … ?

How long have you lived / worked / known / had … ?

Then get some more information.

Why did you move? What did you do before … ? Where did you meet … ?

56 Unit 7  . Fame
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
A Formula One driver Language work
1 What kind of sports do you like doing? Which do you 4 Make sentences about Bruno with the phrases in
like watching? Which are the fastest sports? Which are the boxes.
the most dangerous?
A B
2 T 7.6 Listen to an interview with a Formula One racing
driver, Bruno Cruz. Tick (✓) the correct information. when he was at primary school fifteen years
in 1986 over the years
Teams he has raced with Grands Prix he has won after he won his fifth championship since 2008
two years ago seven
 Jordan  Australian in 1994 for nearly twenty years
 Ferrari  Bahrain
 Jaguar  Korean What tenses are the verbs in the sentences from A?
 Toyota  Malaysian What about B?
  Black Bull  Monaco
 Renault   Abu Dhabi 5 Ask and answer the questions.
 McLaren  Turkish • Where / just / come back from?
  Toro Bianco  Brazilian •  What / do / before he raced Formula One?
• How many championships / win?
Compare your answers with a partner. •  When / get in his first Formula One car?
3 T 7.6 Listen again and answer the questions.
Roleplay
1 What nationality is Bruno?
2 How did he start racing? 6 Some of you are sportspeople. Others are journalists
3 What other jobs has he done? who are going to interview them. Your teacher will
4 How many Formula One championships has he won give you some ideas. Make notes, and have the
since he joined Toro Bianco? interview.
5 What does he think is most important in racing?
6 Why doesn’t he want to stop racing?
7 Why is Formula One racing not as dangerous as before?

Unit 7  . Fame 57
 THE RACING DRIVER AND THE TENNIS
READING PLAYER
Celebrity interview
BRUNO & MARIA
1 Which famous people are in the news at the CRUZ
moment? Why are they in the news? What have
they done? TALK TO HI! MAGAZINE ABOUT THEIR
LIVES
2 Look at the article from Hi! magazine. Who are
the couple in the interview? Do you know any
magazines like this? What sort of stories do they They are one of the most famous married couples
have? in the sporting world. He is the racing driver who
has won seven Formula One championships. He has
3 Read the article quickly and put the interview’s won Grands Prix in nearly every country possible.
questions in the correct place. She is the tennis player who has won more Grand
1 
It must be difficult to find enough private Slam titles than any other woman. She has been the
time. What’s it like being in a marriage when number one female tennis player in the world for the
you’re both superstars? last 8 years. They invited Hi! into their luxury home.
2 How did you two meet? ?

3 And what about the future? Bruno  A lot of the time we’ve been together, we’ve been
in different countries! Naturally, we try to spend more time
4 
You’re both incredibly busy in your separate together, but it’s not easy. We’ve both flown all over the
careers. How do you find time to be together? world for a weekend, just to be together.
Maria  Yes, it can be crazy sometimes. Occasionally we
4 Read the article again and answer the questions. both have championships in the same country. That doesn’t
1 Why are they both famous? happen often, so it’s a real treat. But now that we’ve got this
2 What has Maria done in her career? beautiful home, we’re working hard to make sure we get
3 In what ways are they normal people? enough time together here – private time.
What is not normal about their lives?
?
4 Does Maria like Formula One?
How much does she know about it? Maria  I don’t know what ‘superstar’ means really, it’s a word
5 How do they feel about retiring? that other people use. We’re both just very good at, and feel
What do they plan to do? passionate about, our different sports. And we’ve been very
lucky to have the chance to show that to the world. But when
5 Work with a partner. Find these words in the text. we’re not doing that… well, we’re just normal people really.
What do you think they mean?
We are normal, aren’t we, Bruno?!
treat (para. 1) fancy (para. 2) Bruno  Yes! I don’t think that fame and fortune have changed
passionate (para. 2) tyres (para. 3) me. We don’t spend all our time dressing up and going out
fortune (para. 2) bring up (para. 4) to fancy, expensive restaurants. Most evenings we’re happy to
dressing up (para. 2) cook a meal and sit and watch TV together. But it obviously
helps that we both know about the problems of being famous.
Check in a dictionary. And fortunately for me, people don’t recognize me as much
as Maria!
Language work ?
6 Choose the correct tense. Bruno  I was practising for the Australian Grand Prix in
1 Bruno and Maria are / have been / were married Melbourne, and a friend had tickets for the final of the
for five years. Australian Tennis Open there. I met Maria at the celebration
2 They meet / have met / met after a tennis match. dinner afterwards. I already knew about her as a tennis
3 They have lived / live / lived in their new home player, of course. But when we started talking for the first
since January. time… well, it was that wonderful feeling that you’ve known
4 They like / have liked / liked cooking a meal and someone all your life!
watching TV. Maria  I knew very little about Formula One, so I wasn’t sure
5 They both had / have had wonderful careers. what to ask him. I’ve never been very interested in it to be
honest – too much about tyres and engines for my liking! But
I’ve certainly learnt a lot about it since then.

58 Unit 7  . Fame
Bruno and Maria have been married for five years.
They have lived in their home since January.

?
Bruno  We’re both at the point where we
know that it can’t go on for much longer,
being at the top. But we’ve had wonderful
careers, and I think we can both look forward
to retiring. We’d like to have some peace and
quiet and spend more time here with each
other, and…
Maria  …and with one or two little Cruzs!
I’ve always wanted to have a family, and the
good thing about being a professional tennis
player is that you stop at an age where that’s
still possible. And this will be such a fantastic
home to bring up children in! HI!

Unit 7  . Fame 59
 VOCABULARY
Adverbs Word pairs

1 Many adverbs end in -ly. 1 There are many idiomatic expressions which consist of
two words joined by and. Here is an example from the
slowly  carefully  usually text on p59.
Find some more examples in the text on p58–9. ‘We’d like to have some peace and quiet … .’
2 There are also many adverbs that don’t end in -ly. 2 Match the words.
Find these examples in the text.
ladies don’ts
together  hard  still  just  of course fish pepper
now then
3 Complete the sentences with one of these adverbs. yes quiet
do’s and down
still   up chips
nearly   peace sound
only   safe gentlemen
of course salt no
together

1 Bill and I work ________ . We’ve been in the same

office for four years.
2 I called Tom at 10.00 in the morning, but he was 3 Complete the sentences with one of the expressions.
________ in bed. 1 ‘Do you still play tennis?’ ‘Not regularly. Just ____ ,
3 ‘Do you like children?’ ‘________ I do. I adore them.’ when I have time.’
4 Kate is very fussy about food. She ________ eats 2 This is a pretty relaxed place to work. There aren’t
pasta and crisps. many ____ .’
5 She was very ill and ________ died, but fortunately, 3 Here you are at last! I’ve been so worried! Thank
she got better. goodness you’ve arrived ____ .
4 Complete the sentences with one of these adverbs. 4 ‘Do you like your new job?’ ‘____ . The money’s
OK, but I don’t like the people.’
at last  exactly  too  especially  just
5 Sometimes there are too many people in the house. I
1 I like all Russian novelists, ________ Tolstoy. go into the garden for a bit of ____ .
2 ‘I hate ironing.’ ‘Me, ________ . It’s so boring.’ 6 Good evening, ____ . It gives me great pleasure to
3 ‘Are you telling me that we have no talk to you all tonight.
money?’ ‘________ . Not a penny.’ 7 ‘How’s your Gran?’ ‘____ . There are good days, and
4 I met her on December 30, ________ before then not such good days.’
New Year. 8 ‘Here’s supper. Careful! It’s hot.’ ‘____ ! Yummy!’
5 ________ I have finished this exercise. Thank T 7.7 Close your books. Listen to the beginnings of
goodness! It was so boring. the conversations and complete them.

60 Unit 7  . Fame
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Short answers

1 T 7.8 Listen to the conversations. What’s the difference between them?

Which sounds more polite?

! 1 When we answer Yes/No questions, we often repeat a subject and the

auxiliary verb. Yes or No on its own sounds impolite. Complete these
short answers.

Do you like cooking? Yes, I ____
do .
Is it raining? No, it ____ .
Have you been to France? Yes, I ____ .
Are you good at chess? No, I ____ .
Can you speak German? Yes, I ____ .
2 It also helps a conversation if you can add more information.
Do you like cooking? Yes, I do, actually, especially Thai food.

2 Complete the short answers. Continue with a line from the speech bubbles.

I’m sorry. I haven’t got a penny on me. Why? What are you doing?

I prefer science fiction. It was a great game.

I went there last But they give me a

weekend with Frank. lot of freedom, too.

1 A Do you like crime novels?

B No, _______ .  ________________ .
2 A Did you see the football last night?
B Yes, _______ .  ________________ .
3 A Have you got change for a pound?
B No, _______ .  ________________ .
4 A Have you tried the new pizza place?
B Yes, _______ .  ________________ .
5 A Are your parents quite strict?
B Yes, I suppose _______ .  ________________ .
6 A Are you doing anything this evening?
B No, _______ .  ________________ .
Choose one or two of the conversations. Continue them with a partner.
3 Think of questions to ask each other. Use these ideas to help you.
•  Do you . . . like/play/go/have . . . ?
•  Can you . . . ride/speak/run/use . . . ?
•  Did you . . . go/have/win/do . . . last night?
•  Have you ever . . . been/seen/tried/had . . . ?
•  Are you . . . going to/good at/afraid of . . . ?
•  Have you got . . . a car/a DVD player/a cat . . . ?
4 Stand up and ask your questions. Use short answers in your replies.

Unit 7  . Fame 61
 Do’s and don’ts
have (got) to  .  should/must  .  Words that go together  .  At the doctor’s

STARTER What’s true for you? Make sentences about your life.
I have to . . .     I don’t have to . . .
•  get up early every morning   •  pay bills   • go to school   • work at the weekend   • do the housework

WORK, WORK
have (got) to

1 T 8.1 Listen to Steven talking about his job. What do you

think his job is? Would you like his job? Why/Why not?
2 Complete the sentences from the interview with words from
the box.
don’t have to   have to   had to   Do you have to   didn’t have to

I ______________ work very long hours.

______________ work at the weekend?
I ______________ do the washing-up.
We ______________ learn the basics.
I ______________ wait too long to get a job.

3 Change the sentences using he. He has to work very long hours.

Grammar spot
1 have/have got can express possession or an action.
I have my own flat.
We’ve got an exam tomorrow.
2 have/have got + infinitive expresses obligation.
He has to work long hours.   I’ve got to go now. Bye!
3 Write the question and negative.
I have to get up early.
j ob ?
What time ___ you ____________ up?
I _____________ up early.
t ’ s my
Put the sentence in the past.
Yesterday I _____________ up early. Wha Barnes
n
Grammar Reference 8.1 p137 Steve
4 What are some of the other things Steven has to do?

62 Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts

PRACTICE
Pronunciation
1 T 8.2 Listen to these sentences. What are the different
pronunciations of have/has/had ?
1  I have a good job. I have to work hard.
2  He has a nice car. She has to get up early.
3  I had a good time. I had to take exams.
Put a–f in front of the sentences according to the
pronunciation below.
a  /hæz/  b /hæv/  c /hæd/  
d  /hæf/  e /hæs/   f /hæt/
T 8.2 Listen again and repeat.

Jobs
2 Work with a partner. Choose one of the jobs from the box, but don’t
tell your partner. Ask and answer Yes/No questions to find out what
the job is.
shop assistant  ​
receptionist  ​taxi-driver  farmer  ​ architect  ​
lawyer  ​
ambulance driver  ​police officer  ​nurse  ​ soldier  ​decorator  ​detective  ​
vet  ​mechanic  ​ dentist  ​housewife  ​​ plumber  ​ firefighter

Do you . . . ? Do you have to . . . ?

•  work inside •  wear a uniform
•  earn a lot of money •  use your hands
•  work regular hours •  answer the phone

Do you work inside? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.

3 Which of the jobs wouldn’t you like to do? Why?

I wouldn’t like to be a farmer because they have to work outside all year.

Talking about you

4 In groups, discuss the questions. If you live at home with your
parents, use the present tense. If you’ve left home, use the past tense.
do
1 What you have to do to help in the house? What about your
did
brothers and sisters?
Can want? do
2 you stay out as long as you Or you have to
Could wanted? did
be home by a certain time?
Do are
3 you always have to tell your parents where you going?
Did were
are do
4 How strict your parents? What they let you do?
were did
do
5 What you argue about?
did

Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts 63

 PROBLEMS, PROBLEMS
should, must

1 Match the problems and suggestions on the Problems

right. What advice would you give?
I’m working 16 hours a day.
2 T 8.3 Listen and complete the advice. Use
the words from the box. I can’t sleep.
shouldn’t should   
must don’t think you should I get seasick very easily.

1 I think you ____________ talk to your boss. I’ve had a terrible toothache for weeks.
2 You ____________ drink coffee at night.
3 I ____________ go on that boat trip next week.
4 You ____________ go to the dentist.
Suggestions
Practise the conversations with a partner.
Don’t drink coffee at night.
3 Give advice to your friends.
• I’m overweight. Go to the dentist.
• I’ve got exams next week.
• My cat’s ill. Don’t go on that boat trip next week.

Talk to your boss.

PRACTICE
Grammar
• I’m always arguing with my best friend. 1 Make sentences from the chart.
• It’s my parents’ wedding anniversary soon.
• My car’s making a funny noise. If you want to . . .
work hard.
Grammar spot you have to do some sport.
learn English, you don’t have to learn the grammar.
1 Which sentence expresses a suggestion? do well in life, you should go to university.
Which sentence expresses strong obligation? keep fit, you shouldn’t buy a dictionary.
You should go on a diet. eat too many sweets.
You must go to the doctor’s. believe in yourself.
2 Should and must are modal verbs. speak your language in class.
He must be careful.
You shouldn’t drive when you’re tired.
What should she do?
A trip to your country
Do we add -s with he/she/it? Do we use 2 Someone is coming to stay in your country for six months.
do/does in the question and negative? What advice can you give?
3 We can make a negative suggestion with You should bring summer clothes. You have to get a visa.
I don’t think . . . You have to have a passport. You must try…
I don’t think you should eat so much.
Include advice about money, documents, clothes, health,
Grammar Reference 8.2–8.4 p137 accommodation, and food.

64 Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Holidays in January

1 Do many people in your country go on holiday in

winter? Where do they go? Where would you like to go
for a winter holiday? Write a sentence and read it to the
class.
I’d like to go to . . . because . . .
2 T 8.4 Listen to three people giving advice about
visiting their country in the month of January.
Complete the chart. Compare your answers with a
partner.

Weather and Things to do, Food and

clothes places to go drink

Silvia

Fatima

Karl

3 Answer the questions.

1 Which countries are they talking about?
How do you know?
2 Who talked about sport? Which sport?
3 Who talked about money? What did he/she
say?
4 Who suggested going on a boat trip? Where?
5 Which of these countries would you like to
visit in January? Why?

Speaking
4 Put the words in the correct order
to make questions.
1 weather / is / like / in / what / the /
January?
2 take / clothes / what / should / I?
3 can / things / sort / of / what / do / I?
4 special / any / there / places /
are / that / should / visit / I?
5 food / you / recommend / do / what?
5 Work with someone from a different
country, or choose another country you
know. Ask and answer the questions.

Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts 65

 READING AND SPEAKING
Online advice

1 AskAround is an international website 3 Choose the correct definition for the words from the text.
forum, where people can post their
problems, and get advice from readers 1  to switch off from (a) to change the subject / (b) to stop thinking about
all around the world. Read the problems. 2  to go downhill (a) to get worse / (b) to get better
What advice would you give? 3  likely (a) it will probably happen / (b) very nice
4  slave (a) a hard worker / (b) a worker someone owns
2 Match the readers’ advice with the 5  well-off (a) happy / (b) rich
problems. There are two for each problem. 6  to take your time (a) to look at your watch / (b) to not go too quickly

A Andrew  Belleville, Ontario, Canada

AskAround
Do I have to lose all my friends?
I’m 17. I live 190km from Toronto and I’m planning to go
to university there next year. I’ve always wanted to go to
university, but I don’t feel sure about it any more. I have
some really good friends here in Belleville, and they’re
the most important thing in my life. Most of them are
going to stay here and get jobs with local companies.
Sometimes I think I should do the same. Why do I have
to go to university? I don’t think I’ll ever find friends like
these again, and I know I’ll lose them if I leave.
a   
B Jason  Liverpool, UK
Must I be a slave to my mobile?
I work for the IT department of a company near
Liverpool. My boss has bought me a new company
mobile phone, which is great. But he wants me to keep
it on all the time, so that he can contact me anywhere,
anytime. I like my job, but I also like to switch off from
it, and I don’t like the idea of always being available.
Also, I don’t want to discuss work problems in public
places – I hate it when other people do!
b   
C Samantha  Rome, Italy
What kind of diet should I go on?
I’m Australian, but I’ve lived in Rome for 15 years. My
problem is that I’m overweight, and yes, it doesn’t help
that Italian food is so wonderful! I’ve been on three
different diets in the last two years, but they haven’t
really made a big difference to my weight. They always
seem to be work well in the beginning, but then things
go downhill again. Can anyone tell me what diet they
think I should go on?
c   

66 Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts

 Readers’ advice 4 Where do these lines go in the reader’s
advice? Put a letter in the gaps.
1 Diets are a waste of time! There are lots of ‘crash diets’
that help you lose weight quickly, but they’re not
a … should you accept …
b … you should ask yourself …
healthy, and as soon as you return to eating normally
c …you must do lots of …
and healthily, the weight will soon come back.
d … think hard …
to your normal diet at first, and eat just a little less,
e … you have to drink a lot of …
so that your body can slowly get used to it. And
f You should make small changes …
exercise – then you can lose weight without worrying g … they have to go to university …
about what you eat, and feel great! h You should have a word with …
Jill San Francisco USA i … I’m really glad that I did.
j You must make it clear …
2 I know how you feel. I was worried about leaving my k … why should it be any different …
home town to go to teacher training college, but now l You really should try it!
. It’s difficult to imagine finding new friends that
will be as important to you as your old friends. T 8.5 Listen and check.
But : is it likely that of all the people in the world, 5 Which reader … ?
the only ones I can be good friends with live in my •  thinks diets can work
town?! Of course not! You have a whole new life and •  suggests solving the problem by discussing it
some great new friendships waiting for you in Toronto. •  has also moved to another town
Go for it! • thinks people shouldn’t take their work
 Robert  Cape Town  South Africa
home with them
Like you, I’ve been on a few different diets. But I have •  didn’t study after leaving school
3 •  suggests taking things more slowly
found one recently that works! It’s a no carbohydrate
diet, so no bread or pasta, and lots of high protein, Which of the readers’ suggestions do you
low fat foods such as fish and chicken. And agree with?
water every day. Believe it or not, you can eat as
much as you want if it’s the right kind of food. What do you think?
Simone Qala Malta
• What are the alternatives to going to
Why ____ it? You aren’t their slave, they don’t own you. university? Is going to university always the
4 best thing to do?
____ that outside of work you have your own private
world. And I totally agree about people having work • Should mobile phones not be allowed in
conversations in public. On my train ride home I want some public places? Which?
to be able to forget about work, not listen to other
• Do people worry too much about their
people’s boring talk with colleagues and customers.
weight nowadays? Why do you think it has
 Jerry Bristol UK become more of a problem in society?

5 I think you’re right to think again about your plans. Roleplay

Why do so many people think ____ to get a good job
and have a career? Nobody in my family has been to With a partner, choose a situation and roleplay
university, but we’re all very successful, happy, and the conversation.
well-off! So, ____, and take your time before making a •  Andrew and one of his friends
decision. •  Jason and his boss
Chris Perth Australia
•  Samantha and her doctor
6 ____ your company and try to come to an arrangement
with them. You could agree on times when you will Group work
turn it off, and for those times when they want you to
In groups, write a problem for an advice
be contactable, you could ask for an extra payment.
website forum.
That’s what happens with doctors – ____ for you?
 Bill Auckland New Zealand Exchange problems with another group, and
write some advice for the problems.

Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts 67

 VOCABULARY
Words that go together

1 Many verbs and nouns go together.

Verbs Complements
tell a story leave home
get exercise
Look at the chart on the right. Match a verb with a go to problems
complement. They all appear in the emails and discuss a decision
problems on p66–67. go on university
Look at the emails again and check your answers. lose weight
do a conversation
2 Close your books. Try to remember the have a diet
sentences that include the phrases from the box. take a job
make your time
3 Two nouns can go together. There are no rules
about spelling.
post office  headache  horse-race

The stress is usually on the first word.

Match the nouns to make new words.
alarm cream hair case
car glasses sun drier
traffic table ear quake
credit coat sign post
ice lights book ring
sun card rush message
time park text set
rain clock earth hour

T 8.6 Listen and check.

4 Choose a word and give a definition to the class.
Can they guess the word?

You use it to pay for things.

A credit card.

That’s right.

68 Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
At the doctor’s

1 Complete the chart with an illness or a symptom.

diarrhoea   It hurts when I walk on it.  
food poisoning   My glands are swollen, and it hurts when I swallow.  
’flu   I can’t stop sneezing and my nose is runny.

Illnesses Symptoms
I’ve got a cold.
I’ve got __________ . I’ve got a temperature, my whole body aches, and I feel awful.
I’ve twisted my ankle.
I’ve got __________ . I keep going to the toilet.
I’ve got a sore throat.
I’ve got __________ . I keep being sick, and I’ve got diarrhoea.

What’s the difference between these sentences?

I feel sick.   I was sick last night.
2 Put the sentences in the correct order.
1   I didn’t feel very well.
  He took my temperature and examined me.
  After a few days, I started to feel better.
  I went to the surgery and saw the doctor.
 I went to the pharmacy, paid for the prescription, and got
some antibiotics.
  I phoned the doctor’s surgery and made an appointment.
  He told me I had an infection.
  I explained what was wrong.
  He gave me a prescription.

3 T 8.7 You will hear a conversation between Hassan,

a student from Syria, and a doctor. Answer the questions.
1 What are Hassan’s symptoms?
2 What questions does the doctor ask?
3 What does the doctor think is the matter with Hassan?
4 What does he prescribe?
5 What advice does he give him?
6 Does he have to pay for anything?
4 Look at the tapescript on p124. Practise with a partner.
5 Make similar conversations with other symptoms.

Unit 8  .  Do’s and don’ts 69

 Going places
Time clauses  .  if  .  Hot verbs  . In a hotel

STARTER What do you think you will do if the weather is nice this weekend? 
What will you do when you get home this evening?

PLANNING A TRIP
Time and conditional clauses

1 Chris and his friend Scott are planning a trip. Complete the
sentences with phrases from the box below.
1 We’re travelling round the world . . . c
2 We’re going to leave . . .
3 . . . we’re going to learn to scuba dive on the
Great Barrier Reef.
4 . . . we’ll look after each other.
5 . . . we’re going to the USA.
6 We can stay with my American cousins . . .
7 Our parents will be worried . . .
8 We’ll stay in the States . . .

a while we’re in Los Angeles.

b If we get ill,
c before we go to university.
d until our visas run out.
e When we’re in Australia,
f as soon as we have enough money.
g if we don’t keep in touch.
h After we leave Australia,

T 9.1 Listen and check.

2 Cover the box. Practise the sentences.

Grammar spot
1 Underline the words in the box that introduce the clauses, e.g. while
2 Which tense are all the verbs in the box? Do they refer to the present or the future?
3 What are the different future forms in Chris and Scott’s sentences?
4 What’s the difference between these sentences? Which one is sure? Which one is possible?
When I get home, I’ll have something to eat.
If there isn’t any food, I’ll get a pizza.
Grammar Reference 9.1–9.3 p138

70 Unit 9  .  Going places

PRACTICE
when, as soon as
1 Complete the sentences with your ideas.
When I get home … As soon as this lesson finishes … If I get this job, …

After I leave university … While I’m in Dubai … … before I get too old.

T 9.2 Listen and compare your answers.

What if . . . ?
2 Look at these hopes for the future. Make
sentences using If … will …
If … If …
If I don’t go out so much, I’ll do more work. I don’t go out so much I stop eating chocolate
If I do more work, I’ll …
➧ ➧ ➧ ➧ ➧ ➧
➧ ➧ ➧ ➧ ➧ ➧

do more work have more money

pass my exams save some every week
go to university be rich when I’m thirty
study medicine have my own business
become a doctor make a lot of money
earn a good salary. retire when I’m forty.

Unit 9  .  Going places 71

 What will you do? When I get to New York . . .
3 Work with a partner. One of you is going skiing for the 5 Complete the conversation between Paul and his wife
first time. The other sees all the problems. Use these Mary. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
ideas to help you. Put if, when, while, or as soon as into each box.

What will you do

We’ll go walking.
if there’s no snow?

•  don’t like the food •  there’s nothing to do in the evening

•  it rains •  don’t make any friends
•  don’t learn to ski •  lose your money
•  hurt yourself •  get lost in a snowstorm

Make a similar conversation about going on safari for

the first time.

Mary Bye, darling. Have a good trip to New York.

Paul Thanks. I _________
’ll ring (ring) you as soon as I
arrive at the hotel.
Discussing grammar Mary Fine. Remember I _________ (go) to my
mother’s this evening.
4 Complete the sentences with when, if, before, or until.
Paul Well, you _________ (be) out
1 I’ll have a bath _____ I go to bed.
I _________ (ring), I _________
2 I’m coming to London tomorrow. I’ll ring you
(leave) a message on the answerphone so you’ll
_____ I arrive.
know I’ve arrived safely.
3 _____ it’s a nice day tomorrow, we can go swimming.
Mary Great. What time do you expect you’ll be there?
4 Wait here _____ I get back.
Paul the plane _________ (arrive) on
5 _____ you have any problems, just ask for help.
time, I _________ (be) at the hotel about 10.00.
6 I want to get home _____ it gets dark.
Mary All right. Give me a ring you
7 I’m going to have driving lessons _____ I pass
_________ (know) the time of your flight back,
my test.
and I _________ (meet) you at the airport.
8 Give me your address _____ you go home.
Paul Thanks, darling. Don’t forget to water the
plants I _________ (be) away.
Mary Don’t worry. I won’t. Bye!
T 9.3 Listen and check.

72 Unit 9  .  Going places

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Life in 2050

1 You will hear an interview with Michio Kaku,

Professor of Theoretical Physics at City
University, New York. He has written a book,
Visions, which explains how science will
revolutionize the 21st century.
He is asked these questions.
• Are you optimistic about the future?
• Are we ready for the changes that will come?
• Is world population going to be a big problem?
• What will happen to people who don’t have
computers?
• Will there be a world government?
• Will we have control of everything?
• What are your reasons for pessimism?

Discuss your opinions on these subjects.

2 T 9.4 Listen to the interview. Make notes on
Michio Kaku’s answers.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What does Michio Kaku say will continue
into the twenty-first century?
2 How do some people react to the new
technology? What is his reaction?
3 Why will the population of the world stop
increasing?
4 Why will we need a world government?
5 What are some of the things we will be
able to control?
6 What examples does he give of the
behaviour of ‘stupid’ people?

What do you think?

Michio Kaku obviously believes in the power
of science. What isn’t he so sure about?
Do you agree?

Unit 9  .  Going places 73

 READING AND SPEAKING For many
Sunset in the West centuries, the
world’s biggest
economies
1 Discuss with a partner. Are these statements about
were all in the
the world economy true (✓) or false (✗)?
West. The 21st
1 The first big industrial economies were European. century will
2 The populations of Japan and South Korea are bring enormous
nearly as big as America’s. changes to the
3 China now has the biggest economy in the world. economic world
4 There are many billionaires in China. order. Ed Mulligan
5 India’s population is much smaller than China’s. reports...
6 India is very successful in the world of IT.
7 The West will soon become less important in the
world economy.
2 Read the text and check your answers to exercise 2.
3 Find the words in A in the text and check their
meaning. Then find the other parts of speech for the
words in the text, and write them in B.
A B
economy (n) economic (adj)
industrial (adj) _________ (n)
produce (v) _________ (n)
grow (v) _________ (n)
capitalism (n) _________ (adj)
pollution (n) _________ (adj)
success (n) _________ (adj)

4 Answer the questions.

1 Why didn’t the Japanese and South Korean
economies become as big as America’s?
2 Why is China called ‘the world’s factory’?
3 Why does China need to become ‘greener’?
4 Why will China’s population start to get smaller?
5 What is India especially good at?
6 How will America’s place in the world change?
7 What do these numbers refer to?
10% 2018 140m 100
5 out of 10    2000    a million   a third

What do you think?

• In groups, write what you think are the six largest
cities in the world. Compare your list with the class.
Your teacher will tell you the answer.
• Make a list of some of the problems that these cities
face. Decide which are the three most important
problems. Compare your ideas with the class.

74 Unit 9  .  Going places

Sunset in the West
The first industrial economies were family’ policy, started in the 1980s, the
European, until the1890s, when the working population of China will start to
US became the world’s economic get smaller in 2015.
superpower. In the 1960s the ‘Asian
Tigers’ arrived, and suddenly everything What about India?
we bought was ‘Made in Japan/South Everyone is talking about China as the
Korea’. But the populations of these future world superpower, but India isn’t
new industrial nations are much smaller far behind. India already has over 1
than America’s, and could never produce billion people, and here there will be no
enough to move the centre of the world problems finding enough workers for its
economy from West to East. fast growing economy. If the population
continues to grow as quickly as now, it
Made in China will be bigger than China’s by 2040.
Now the East’s time has come. China,
with its population of 1.3 billion, has  Bangalore is one of the
already become ‘the world’s factory’. If
its economy continues to grow at 10%, it most exciting
will become the biggest economy in the places in the world 
world by 2018. It will also take America’s
place as the world’s largest oil market, And although it has enough cheap
thirsty for petrol to run the 140m private workers to produce a car for $2000,
cars on its roads. India is not just a gigantic factory. It has
an enormous number of highly educated
 Rolex now sell a scientists, engineers, and IT specialists.
Many of the West’s successful technology
third of their watches companies use Indian teams to design
to the Chinese  software for their mobile phones and
computers. The Vice-President of Cisco
The West was once afraid of China Systems said recently, ‘I find Bangalore
because of its communist ideas. Now one of the most exciting places in
it’s more worried about China’s success the world. It’s what Silicon Valley in
in capitalism. China has nearly 100 California was in 1999’.
billionaires. Although many of its people
are still poor, a third of the world’s From West to East
luxury products – Chanel perfume, Rolex Between them, China and India have a
watches, Lacoste clothing – are now sold third of the world’s population. Every
in China. year they produce a million graduates in
science and engineering (the US produces
The sky’s the limit? 70,000), entering industry and doing
The pollution in the skies over cities research in university departments.
like Beijing is one of the costs of this
incredible success. Five out of ten of the Whether China or India becomes the
world’s most polluted cities are in China, leading economic power, the result for
and its economy will have to become the West will be the same. America’s time
‘greener’ as quickly as it has become as the world’s most powerful nation will
more capitalist. Another problem for soon be over, and all Western countries
China’s future economy is its population will have to live in a changing world,
growth. Because of the ‘one child per where the sun rises in the East once more.

Unit 9  .  Going places 75

 VOCABULARY EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Hot verbs – take, get, do, and make In a hotel

1 The verbs take, get, do, and make are very common in English. 1 What is the best hotel in your city? What
Find these examples in the text on p75. facilities does the hotel have?
Made in Japan   take America’s place   get smaller   2 Ask and answer questions with a partner
doing research about the Grand Hotel.

2 Here are some more examples. Where’s the conference centre?

A How long does it take you to get ready in the morning?
B It takes me about fifteen minutes.
A How long does it take you to get to university? On the second floor.
B I can get here in twenty minutes.
A Do you get tired in the evening?
B Yes. Especially if I’ve done a lot of homework.
A Do you make a lot of mistakes in English?
B Well, I do my best, but I still make a few mistakes. The Grand Hotel ◆◆◆
Ask and answer the same questions with a partner. ception
Ground Floor Re
3 Put the words and phrases from the box in the correct column. Ci ty Café

First Floor Dining Room
s
some shopping    back home    two tablets a day    a cold  
Buckingham Room
angry    sure    friends    up your mind    a photo   nference Centre
Second Floor Co rant
somebody out for a meal    me a favour    a reservation
Top Floor Panorama Restau
on well with someone    a complaint    care ym
Basement G
Sw imming pool

TAKE GET DO MAKE

4 Complete the sentences with one of the verb phrases. Use the
correct form of the verb.
1 I _________ while I was in Paris. I bought myself a
new sweater.
2 ‘I don’t know if I want coffee or tea.’  ‘_________ . You can’t
have them both.’
3 Bye-bye! See you soon. _________ of yourself.
4 Aachoo! Oh dear. I think _________ .
5 ‘Are the doors locked?’ ‘I think so, but I’ll just _________ .’
T 7.5 Listen and check.
5 Discuss these questions with a partner.
• How long does it take to get from your home to university?
• When did you last do someone a favour/make a complaint/take a
photo/get angry?
• What time did you get home last night?
• Do you get on with your parents/your neighbours?
• Do you find it easy to make friends?
• Is your English getting better?

76 Unit 9  .  Going places

3 Put the lines from the telephone conversation between the receptionist and client in
the right order.
Receptionist Hello, the Grand Hotel. Cathy speaking. How can I help you?
Client reservation / make / like / a / I’d / to / please
_____________________________________________________ .
Receptionist Certainly. When is it for?
Client It’s for two nights, the thirteenth and the fourteenth of this month.
Receptionist single / want / do / room / or / double / a / And / you / a
_____________________________________________________ ?
Client A single, please.
Receptionist OK. Yes, that’s fine. I have a room for you. And your name is?
Client Robert Palmer.
much / you / Can / it / tell / how / is / me
_____________________________________________________ ?
Receptionist Yes. That’s £95 a night. Can I have a credit card number, please?
Client Yes, sure. It’s a Visa. 4929 7983 0621 8849.
Receptionist Thank you.
number / could / And / phone / I / have / a
_____________________________________________________ ?
Client Uh huh. 01727 489962.
Receptionist That’s fine.
forward / look / seeing / on / you / We / to / thirteenth / the
________________________________________________ . Bye-bye.
Client Thanks a lot. Goodbye.
T 9.6 Listen and check.
4 With a partner, roleplay the conversation between Robert Palmer and the receptionist
as he checks into the hotel.

Good evening. Hello. I have a reservation. My name’s Robert Palmer.

5 Roleplay these conversations with your partner. Phone Reception from your
room. Make these requests.
•  You can’t get the TV to work.
•  You’d like an extra pillow.
•  You’d like to order Room Service.
•  You’d like a wake-up call at 7.00 tomorrow morning.

Unit 9  .  Going places 77

 Scared to death
Verb patterns 2  .  manage to, used to  .  -ed/-ing adjectives  . Exclamations

STARTER 1 What are these people afraid of? How do they feel?

2 What are you afraid of? Why?

78 Unit 10  .  Scared to death

Verb patterns and infinitives PRACTICE
Grammar spot Discussing grammar
1 Are these verbs followed by the infinitive or 1 Complete these sentences with the verb swim in the correct form.
-ing in the text?
enjoy   try   decide   start   begin   manage 1 I go ________ every summer.
2 Find the examples of used to + infinitive. 2 I started ________ when I was six.
 Used to expresses a past action which doesn’t 3 I tried ________ in the sea, but it was too rough.
happen any more. 4 My instructor made me ________ up and down the pool.
 I used to play games with my brother, but 5 I enjoy ________ very much.
now I don’t.
6 Dave used ________ when he was younger, but not
Notice the pronunciation /ju:st tʊ/.
any more.
3 Complete these examples from the text.
I used to go __________ at weekends. 2 Choose the correct form.
I didn’t know what __________ . 1 I’ve decided stop / to stop / stopping working.
I stopped __________ a rest. 2 I managed find / to find / finding my passport.
It was impossible __________ down. 3 Let’s go shop / to shop / shopping !
4 Please let me go / to go / going to the picnic!
There was nowhere __________ .
5 Would you like something eat / to eat / eating?
Grammar Reference 10.1–10.4 p139 6 I need a recipe for a cake that’s easy make / to make / making.

Unit 10  .  Scared to death 79

 When I was young, I used to ...
3 T 10.2 Listen to James talking about his childhood and his life now.
Complete the chart. Write one sentence with used to for each question.

Life as a child
1  What/do at the weekend?
2  What/do in the evening?
3  Where/go on holiday?
4  What sports/play?
5  What TV programmes/like?
6  What food/like?

Ask and answer the

questions above with a What do you do I usually go
partner about your life at the weekend? shopping and …
now and your life as
a child.
What did you do when I used to play with
you were a child? my friends and …
Infinitives
4 Why do you go to these places?
Why do you go to the hairdresser’s? To have a haircut.

• the post office  ​ • a petrol station  ​ • a bookshop  ​ 

• the pharmacy  ​ • the library  ​ • the market
With your partner, ask and answer questions about more places.
5 Make sentences with a line in A, a word in B, and an infinitive in C.
A B C
1 I’m hungry. I need how to say to you.
2 I’m going to a formal dinner, but I don’t know anything to talk to.
3 My CD player’s broken. Can you show me where to eat.
4 Don’t talk to me. I have somebody to wear.
5 Do I turn left or right? I don’t know how much to repair it?
6 I’m bored. I haven’t got nothing to do.
7 ‘Can you get some meat?’ ‘Sure. Tell me something to go.
8 I feel lonely. I need what to buy.’

T 10.3 Think of some replies. Then listen and compare your answers.

Check it
6 Choose the correct form.
1 I went to the shops for to buy / for buy / to buy some shoes.
2 Do you enjoy read / reading / to read ?
3 When I was young, I used to go / go / going ice-skating.
4 He told me he is moving to Canada. I didn’t know what say / to say / saying.
5 When we were on holiday, we went swim / to swim / swimming every day.

80 Unit 10  .  Scared to death

VOCABULARY
-ed/-ing adjectives

1 How can you describe the experiences below? Use an adjective from the box.
frightening  ​
exciting  ​
surprising  ​
terrifying  ​
boring  ​
exhausting

1 You get stuck in a lift.

2 You go on a 15-mile walk, then climb three mountains.
3 You go on the biggest roller coaster in the world.
4 You find a spider in the bath.
5 Someone shows you their holiday photos for hours and hours …
6 Your teacher says ‘You’re all such wonderful students that I
won’t give you any more homework.’

2 T 10.4 Listen and practise the pronunciation of these words.

! 1 -ing adjectives describe a situation, person, or thing.

an interesting life
a boring teacher
an exciting match
2 -ed adjectives describe how people feel.
I’m very interested in modern art.
We were bored at the end of the lesson.
She’s excited about going on holiday tomorrow.

3 Complete the sentences. Use one of these adjectives.

excit-
frighten-
bor-
-ed
interest-
confus-
-ing
disappoint-
worry/worri-
surpris-

1 ‘I met a famous football player today.’  ‘Really? How ________ !’

2 ‘I spent four hours going round a museum.’  ‘Was it ________ ?’ 
‘No, it was ________ .’
3 ‘I haven’t heard from my parents for two months.’  ‘You must be ________ .’
4 ‘Wow, Maria! What are you doing here?’  ‘Why are you so ________ to see me?’
5 I failed my exam. I worked really hard for it. I’m so ________ .
6 ‘Smoke started to come from the front of the plane.’  ‘Weren’t you ________ ?’
7 My computer’s broken, and I don’t understand the manual. It’s so ________ .
T 10.5 Close your books. Listen to the beginnings of the lines.
Complete them.
4 What have you seen on television recently? I read a spy novel.
What books have you read? What did you It was very exciting.
think of them? Tell a partner.

Unit 10  .  Scared to death 81

82 Unit 10  .  Scared to death
Unit 10  .  Scared to death 83
 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
  ​  ​  ​ The sinking of the Titanic

1 What do you know about the sinking of the Titanic? 5 What do these numbers refer to?
It happened at the beginning of the twentieth century.
1324  ​
900  ​
two  ​four days and nineteen hours
2 You will listen to the story of the disaster. twenty  ​
two hours  ​
1,500  ​706
What do you want to know about it?
How many people died? 6 Match a line of dialogue to a picture.
Weren’t there any warnings about icebergs? 1 ‘Bye! I hope you enjoy living in America!’ Picture A
3 Look at the pictures. Tell the story in your own words. 2 ‘Iceberg ahead! Iceberg ahead! Slow down!’
3 ‘Women and children first! Let the women and
The Titanic was the biggest and most luxurious ship of its time. children go first!’
It left Southampton on … 4 ‘We have seen icebergs in your area. Look out for
4 T 10.6 Listen to two people talking about the Titanic. them.’
Put the pictures in the order they talk about them. 5 ‘Faster! Faster! As fast as she can go!’
1 ______ 4 ______ 7 ______ 6 ‘Look at that! It’s huge! We’re going to hit it.’
7 ‘Would you like a dessert, sir?’
2 ______ 5 ______ 8 ______ 8 ‘I can’t look! It’s so horrible! I thought the
3 ______ 6 ______ ship was unsinkable.’

84 Unit 10  .  Scared to death

 EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Exclamations with so and such

1 T 10.7 Read and listen to the sentences.

Tom was scared.   He was very scared.   He was so scared!
Do you think this use of so is more written or spoken? What effect does it have?
2 Look at the sentences. When do we use so, such a(n), such, so many, and so much?
We were all so worried!
The Titanic was such a luxurious ship!
It was such an awful accident!
They saw such huge icebergs!
It was such terrible weather!
There are so many places I want to go to!
I’ve got so much work!

3 Complete the sentences in A with so, such a, such, so many, or so much. Then
match them with the sentences in B.

A B
1 Their house is _______ mess! I could eat a horse.
2 There were _______ people at my wedding! I don’t know where it’s all gone.
Roleplay
3 I’m _______ hungry! You really didn’t have to.
Student A You are a journalist
4 Noor and Nabeel are _______ nice people! She understands every word I say.
in New York.
Student B You are one of the 5 I’ve spent _______ money this week! We had to order more food.
passengers who 6 A present! For me? You’re _______ kind! Thank you so much for inviting us.
survived the disaster. 7 We’ve had _______ nice time! But I can’t stand their kids.
8 Molly’s _______ clever child! I don’t know how they live in it.
A
When did you know
something was wrong? T 10.8 Listen and check. Practise the exclamations.
4 What can you say … ?
B •  at the end of a long journey
…

That was such a long journey!

I’m so tired!
A How was the
voyage before that?

B
…

•  when you finish an interesting book with a sad ending

•  as you go round a friend’s new flat
•  at the end of a wonderful meal
•  in a row with your best friend
•  at the end of a great English lesson

Unit 10  .  Scared to death 85

 Things that changed
the world
Passives  .  Verbs and nouns that go together  . Notices

STARTER 1 Make true sentences from the chart. Rice Japan.

2 What is made and grown in your Ferraris Hawaii.
is made in
country? Nikon cameras Brazil.
are grown in
Coffee Italy.

Pineapples China.

A PHOTOGRAPH THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

Passives

1 Read the story of X-rays on p87. Are these sentences true(✓) or false(✗)?
1   X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1986.
2   The first X-ray photograph was taken by Roentgen’s wife.
3   The first X-ray machine was also invented by Roentgen.
4   It is called ‘the window into the human body’.
5   X-rays are only used in medicine.

Grammar spot
1 Nearly all the verb forms in the text are in the passive. The passive is
formed with the verb to be and the past participle.
X-ray machines are used every day.
  The first X-ray machine was built in 1896.
2 Read the text again. Write the passive verb forms in the chart.
Present Past Present will
Simple Simple Perfect Future
are seen

3 What is the main interest of the text? X-rays or Wilhelm Roentgen?

When we are more interested in the object of the active sentence,
we use the passive.
Active:  Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays.
Passive: X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen.
Grammar Reference 11.1 p140

86 Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world

 A photograph that changed the world
This is the first X-ray photograph. It was taken
by a German scientist, Wilhelm Konrad
Roentgen, in 1896. It is his wife’s hand. The
bones in her hand (and also her wedding ring!)
are clearly seen in the photo.
X-rays were discovered by accident, while
Roentgen was experimenting with electricity.
Soon after, he built the first X-ray machine.
Immediately, hospital operations were made
much safer. For the first time, doctors could see
inside people’s bodies before they cut them
open! In 1901, Roentgen was awarded the very
first Nobel Prize in Physics. His invention is still
used every day by doctors and dentists, and is
called ‘the window into the human body’.
Since the introduction of computer imaging in
the 1970s, X-ray machines have been used for
other things, too. At airports, many criminals
have been caught with illegal items in their
luggage. Also, lost works of art have been
discovered underneath other paintings. In
factories, many faults in new products are
found every day, using X-rays. It is certain that
X-rays will be used for a long time in the future.

Active and passive

2 Complete these sentences.
Active Passive
1 They make Rolls Royce cars in Britain. 1 Rolls Royce cars ________ in Britain.
2 Over 5 million people ________ the Eiffel Tower every year. 2 The Eiffel Tower is visited by over 5 million people every year.
3 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 3 The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
4 Thieves ________ £40 million worth of diamonds from a 4 £40 million worth of diamonds were stolen from a store in
store in London in 2010. London in 2010.
5 They ________ a James Bond Aston Martin for £2.6 million. 5 A James Bond Aston Martin has been sold for £2.6 million.
6 More than 2,000 people ________ Mount Everest. 6 Mount Everest has been climbed by more than 2,000 people.
7 BMW will produce 200,000 Mini cars next year. 7 200,000 Mini cars ________ by BMW next year.
8 ________ Alexander Fleming ________ penicillin? 8 Was penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming?
9 Bell didn’t invent television. 9 Television ________ by Bell.

Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world 87

 PRACTICE
Active and passive
1 What is paper made of? Who invented it? Read ‘The
history of paper’ and check your ideas. Put the verbs in
brackets in the correct tense, active or passive.
T 11.1 Listen and check.

Questions and answers

2 Match the question words and answers.
Ts’ai Lun.
When? (x2) About 300 kg.
Where? (x2) In Spain.
Who / by? In AD 105.
How long? Since the 18th century.
How much? In China.
In the 10th century.

3 Write the questions, using the passive. Ask and

answer them with a partner.
When was paper invented?
In ad 105.
T 11.2 Listen and check.

The history of paper

4 Correct these sentences.
1 Paper is only used to make newspapers and books.
No, it isn’t. It’s used to make hundreds of everyday things.
2 All clothes are made out of paper. Today, paper (1) ________ (use) for hundreds of
everyday things – books and newspapers, of course,
No, they aren’t. Only some …
but also money, stamps, cups, bags, and even some
3 Before paper, people wrote on trees.
clothes.
4 Paper was invented by a Chinese scientist.
5 The Chinese gave their invention to the world Long ago, before paper, people (2)________ (write)
immediately. on animal skins, bones and stones. Then in 2700 bc,
6 They made paper out of wood. the Egyptians (3)________ (start) to make papyrus,
7 The first paper mill in Europe was built in France. which was similar to paper. But the first real paper
8 Paper has been made out of cloth since the 18th (4)________ (invent) in ad 105 by a Chinese
century.
government official, Ts’ai Lun. It (5)________ (make)
T 11.3 Listen and check. from a mixture of plants and cloth. The Chinese
(6)________ (keep) their invention secret for
Check it centuries.
5 Underline the correct word or words in each sentence. Finally, in the 10th century, paper (7)________
1 Where was / were these shoes made? (bring) to Europe by the Arabs. The first European
2 I was given this watch by / from my uncle. paper mill (8)________ (build) in Spain in 1150. Since
3 Someone has stolen / has been stolen my bag!
the 18th century, most paper (9)________ (make) out
4 The newsagent sells / is sold stamps.
of wood, because it is much stronger than cloth.
5 British policemen don’t carry / aren’t carried guns.
6 All the tea was drank / drunk by nine o’clock. Nowadays, each person (10)________ (use) about
7 Have all the sandwiches eaten / been eaten ? 300 kg of paper every year. That’s a lot of paper!

88 Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Verbs and nouns that go together

1 Around each verb, one noun does not go with it. 3 There are eight nouns that do not go with the verbs in
Which one? exercise 1. Which verbs do they go with? Complete the
sentences with the correct verbs.
1 Aspirin was ________ by the German chemist Felix
a cure the truth Hoffmann in 1897.
discover 2 I _______ my homework very quickly, then I went out.
3 This is my father’s watch. He _______ it every day until
gold Aspirin
DNA a discovery he died.
cars 4 _______ hello to your parents from me when you
make see them.
homework a phone call 5 Are you the manager? We’d like to _______ a complaint.
£1,000 6 I was late for work because I _______ the bus.
a story
hello 7 I’m no good at reading maps so we completely
tell ________ our way.
the truth a joke 8 I’ve just _____ a really good idea! Do you want to
a lie advice a present hear it?

give Talking about you

information a complaint 4 Answer these questions about yourself. Then ask and
weight a lift answer them with a partner.
the bus
1 Do you always wear a watch?
lose 2 Are you good at telling jokes?
money 3 What was the last present you gave? Who to?
the game an umbrella
the way a watch 4 What was the last phone call you made? Who to? Why?
5 Do you keep a diary?
carry 6 Have you or a friend ever made a complaint in a
a gun passengers restaurant?
a briefcase 7 Have you ever been homesick? Did you miss your
the peace a diary family or your friends?
8 What is the best advice you’ve ever been given?
keep
a secret T 11.4 Listen and compare answers.
a promise
an idea the family the ball

miss
the bus the way
school

2 Work with a partner. Choose a noun from each

group, and write a sentence using the verb. Read
your sentences to the class.

BMW cars are made in Germany.

An Airbus can carry 555 passengers.

Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world 89

 READING AND SPEAKING
A discovery and an invention that changed the world

1 Which of these are discoveries and which are inventions?

• the telephone • television • the atom
•  radium •  the Internet •  the electric light
• penicillin
2 Work in groups. Copy the list of discoveries and inventions
in exercise 1, and add three more. Give it to another group.
3 Look at your new list. Which things changed the world the
most? Choose the top three. Then compare your ideas with
the class. Do you all agree?
4 You are going to read texts about DNA and Google. Which
is a discovery? Which is an invention? All these words
appear in the texts. Look up any words you don’t know in a
dictionary. Which words do you think go with each text?
nouns weblink structure company cure   
disease result search engine cell
verbs contain borrow    commit (a crime)
dream be related to

5 Work in two groups.

Group A Read about DNA.
Group B Read about Google.
Which words from exercise 4 are in your text?
6 Answer the questions.
1 Who made the discovery/invention?
2 How long did it take to develop?
3 Were there any problems in the beginning?
4 What are important dates in its history?
5 How useful is the discovery/invention now? Give an
example.
6 What could happen with it in the future?
7 Find a partner from the other group. Tell your partner
about your discovery/invention, using your answers from
exercise 6.

What do you think?

• Were DNA or Google in your original list from exercise 2?
Why?/Why not?
• What stories have been in the news recently where DNA
was involved?
• Have you used Google? If yes, what were the last three
searches you made?

90 Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world

The discovery of   DNA
D
–
id you know that a tiny piece of your hair gives us
information about … ?
who you are related to
DNA testing was
used by the police.
Some DNA is usually
left by a criminal at
– which career you could be successful in
the place where the
– any crimes you have committed crime was committed.
– what illnesses you could get This can be matched
– how and when you could die with DNA from a
suspect. The test
This is possible thanks to the information in DNA (or shows if the suspect
deoxyribonucleic acid). Your hair and every cell in is guilty.
your body contains your own unique DNA. It can tell In 1990 the Human
you a lot about your family, health, and personality. Genome Project was
DNA was discovered by a German scientist, begun. Scientists
Friedrich Miescher, in 1869, but nobody realized its wanted to make a
importance then. Other scientists thought that it was map of the 3 billion chemical letters in human DNA.
too simple to contain the map of how we are made! Over 1,000 scientists all over the world worked on the
In 1953, a group of British scientists at Cambridge project, and it took 10 years. With this information,
University finally discovered the structure of DNA it is possible that a cure for many diseases will be
and how it worked. They were given the Nobel Prize found in the future. But it also brings with it many
for Medicine in 1962. questions. Do we want to be able to choose what our
Gradually, scientists learned to ‘read’ more and more babies will look like, or pick the best person for a job
of the information in DNA. In 1986, for the first time with DNA tests?

The invention of Google

‘H ow many common English words were invented
by Shakespeare?
’
How long did it take people to find the answer to this
January 1996, Page and Brin decided to make a better
and faster search engine. They thought the results should
be based on the popularity of each website – the most
popular ones have the highest number of ‘weblinks’
question 15 years ago? And now? You can google it (links to other websites).
and find the answer immediately!
Nobody would give them money for their project,
so they used their credit cards and bought as much
Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the computer memory as possible. They also borrowed
world. It was invented by two students, Larry Page and money from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they
Sergey Brin. They met in 1995, when they were both were given a cheque for $100,000, and they started
studying computer science at Stanford University, USA. their own company. Their first office was in a friend’s
They were also both fans of the science fiction TV garage! The company name Google comes from
programme Star Trek, and they loved the spaceship mathematics. A googol is a very high number –
computer. They 1 followed by a hundred zeros.
dreamed of producing The Google search engine was soon used by thousands
something that could of people worldwide because it was fast, easy and
also answer any accurate. By 2002 it was the biggest search engine on
question in seconds. the Internet. Now, more questions have been answered
Internet search engines by Google than any other Internet service, from sport
at the time were slow to science, and from travel to technology. Google hopes
and gave many websites that in the future all the world’s information will be put
that weren’t useful. In on the Internet, so that everybody can find everything.

Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world 91

 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
The world’s most common habit: chewing gum

1 Do you chew gum? How often? Stand up and ask the

students in the class. Complete the chart below.

Number of students who chew gum

. . . often _____
. . . sometimes _____
. . . rarely _____
. . . never _____

2 Discuss these questions as a class.

1 Who often chews gum? Who never chews gum?
2 When and where do you chew gum?
3 Where do you put it when it has lost its flavour?
3 You are going to listen to a radio programme about
chewing gum. Check the meaning of these words.
Which have an obvious connection with the topic of
chewing gum? How?
skeleton (n) to freshen (the breath) (v) tree sap (n)  
honey (n) to wrap (v) packet (n)  
to hire (v) billboard (n) (Am. Eng.)

4 Read the statements below. Do you think they are true

(✓) or false (✗)? Discuss with a partner. 5 T 11.6 Listen to part two of the programme. Answer
the questions.
1 One million tons of gum is chewed every year.
2 Chewing gum was invented in Sweden. 1 Who was William Wrigley?
3 Chewing gum was found in the mouth of a nine 2 What was he the first person to do?
thousand-year-old skeleton. 3 How much chewing gum was given away?
4 The first gum was made of tree sap and sugar. 4 How long was Wrigley’s longest billboard?
5 Babies are born wanting to chew gum. 5 What is today’s chewing gum made of?
6 The ancient Greeks believed chewing gum was good
for your health. What do you think?
7 South American Indians made the first packets of
• Is chewing gum a common habit in your country?
chewing gum.
8 Chewing gum was taken to North America by the English. • Is it considered a bad habit? Why/Why not?
T 11.5 Listen to part one of the programme and check • Is chewing gum good for you? Why/Why not?
your ideas. Correct the false sentences.

92 Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Notices

2 T 11.7 Listen to four conversations.

Where are the people?
3 Work with a partner. Choose two other
places, and write conversations that could
happen there. Read them to the class, and
see if they can guess the place.

Unit 11  .  Things that changed the world 93

 Dreams and reality
Second conditional  .  might  .  Phrasal verbs  .  Social expressions 2

STARTER
I would give all the poor people $1,000.
1 Who is the leader of your country? Who do you think is the
most important leader in the world? Why? I’d send a spaceship to explore Mars.

2 What would you do if you were leader of the world? Share I would ban football, because it’s
your ideas with the class. Whose ideas do you think are best? all my friend talks about!

THE GLOBAL VILLAGE

Second conditional
1 Read about the global village. Complete the sentences below
with the verbs in the box.

would live  would be   would be  would control   

wouldn’t have  would die  wouldn’t know

The
global
If the world were a village of 100 people …
1 there __________
would be 60 Asians, 14 Africans, 12 Europeans, 8 Latin
Americans, 5 North Americans, and 1 from the South Pacific.

village
2 51 would be male and 49 __________ female.
3 80 __________ in poor housing.
4 50 wouldn’t have enough food.
5 24 __________ any electricity. (And most of the other 76
would only use it at night.) The world currently has a
6 17 __________ how to read. population of over 61/2 billion,
7 7 would have access to the Internet. and it is growing by over 200,000
8 5 __________ 32% of the village’s money. every day. 10 countries now
9 only 1 would have a college education. each have more than 100 million
10 1 person __________ every year, but 2 babies would be born. people. And China and India
both have over a billion. Such
big numbers aren’t very easy to
imagine.
But what if we imagined the
population of the world as a
village of just 100 people? What
would this global village be like?

94 Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality

 GRAMMAR SPOT
2 Ask and answer questions about the global
village with a partner. 1 Look at these two sentences. Which describes
the real world? Which is imagined?
• How many people ... be women?
China and India have over a billion people.
• How many people ... live in poor housing?
• ... everybody have enough food? If the world were a village of 100 people,
51 would be male, and 49 female.
• ... most people have electricity?
2 Notice that was can change to were in the
• How many people ... be very rich?
if clause.
• ... most people have access to the Internet?
 If the world were a village, . . . (You can also
say If the world was a village, . . . .)
3 Read these sentences. Which sentence is more
probable?
If I have time, I’ll (will) . . .
If I had a lot of money, I’d (would) . . .
Which tenses are used in the if clauses? How
are the result clauses formed?
Grammar Reference 12.1 p141

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar

1 Work with a partner. How many sentences can you make from
the chart?
tell you.
were a politician, travel the world.
had the answer, keep it.
found you, I’d always tell the truth.
If I
knew the time, I wouldn’t accept the job.
didn’t know a £50 note, be bored.
didn’t live in a big city, help you.
ask the teacher.

2 Put the verbs in the correct form.

1 If I ________ (be) rich, I ________ (travel) round the world.
First I ________ (go) to Canada, then I ________ (go) to
New York.
2 If he ________ (work) harder, he ________ (have) more
money.
3 I ________ (go) to work if I ________ (feel) better, but I feel
terrible.
4 If I ________ (can) speak perfect English, I ________ (not
be) in this classroom.
5 What ________ you ________ (do) if a stranger ________
(give) you £1 million?
6 What ________ you ________ (say) if I ________ (ask) you
to marry me?

Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality 95

 WHO KNOWS?
What would you do? might
3 Discuss what you would do if …
•  a shop assistant didn’t charge you for something. 1 Nisa and Viktor are both students. Where do they
• someone gave you a present that you really didn’t like. come from? What differences do you think there are
• you hit a car when you were parking, but no-one saw. between their lives?
• you found a wallet with a lot of money in it. 2 T 12.3 Listen to them talking about their ambitions
•  you saw two people fighting in the street. and complete the texts.
If I were you . . . 3 Answer the questions.
1 Who is certain about what they want to do?
4 T 12.1 We can give advice using If I were you, I’d … Who is not?
2 Who is more ambitious? What makes you
I feel terrible! My head think this?
hurts, and I feel dizzy. 3 Where does Nisa live? What do her parents do?
4 What does Viktor enjoy studying?
5 Who wants to live in another country?
If I were you, I’d go to bed. 6 What jobs are they thinking of doing?
4 What are some of Nisa’s plans and ambitions?
Work with a partner. Give the people advice about She’s taking her high school exams next year.
• __________
their problems. • ______________ a job in an office in town.
1  I have no money. • ______________ to university.
2  I’ve got a toothache.
3 I find it difficult to wake up in the morning. • ______________ save some money.
4 My car won’t start in the morning. • ______________ an architect.
5 My neighbours make a lot of noise.
5 What are some of the possibilities in Viktor’s life?
_______
• He might go to university.
• ______________ a writer.
• ______________ Russian language at university.
• ______________ in Germany for a while.

GRAMMAR SPOT
1 Might means the same as perhaps . . . will . . .  .
What are you doing tonight?
I don’t know. I might go out, or I might stay at home.
a/w 096a 2 Might is a modal auxiliary.
Ann might come round tonight.
I might not pass my exams.
Do we add -s with he/she/it?
Do we use do/does in the negative?
Grammar Reference 12.2 p141

T 12.2 Listen and compare your answers.

96 Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality

Nisa Isaacs, 14 PRACTICE
Cape Town, South Africa
Discussing grammar
I live with my parents in a shanty town
outside the city. My parents collect old
1 Choose the correct verb in these sentences.
newspapers and junk to sell. They don’t 1 ‘What’s for supper?’  ‘We’re having / we
make much money, so we’re poor. But might have lamb. It’s in the oven.’
I ‘m
_______________
going to change all that. 2 ‘What time are we eating?’  ‘Don’t
I love school. I’m studying very hard, worry. It’ll be / it might be ready before
because I _______________ my high your TV programme.’
3 ‘Who’s eating with us?’  ‘I’ve invited
school exams next year. Then I
Jerry, but he’ll be / he might be late. It
_______________ a job in an office
depends on the traffic.’
in town. But that isn’t my main
4 I’m going into town tomorrow. I’m
ambition. I really _______________
having / I might have lunch with Jo
to university. So I _______________ at 1.00.
for a while to save some money. 5 ‘Are you going to have a winter holiday
I _______________ an this year?’  ‘I am / I might. I haven’t
architect, then I can build decided yet.’
my parents a proper house.
Possibilities
2 Make conversations with a partner about
these future possibilities. One of you isn’t
sure about anything.

What are you I’m not sure. I

doing this evening? might go out or
I might stay at
home.
1 What sort/car/buy?
Viktor Panov, 16 Fiat/Toyota
St Petersburg, Russia 2 Where/on holiday?
Turkey/Jordan
I’m studying for my Certificate of Education, 3 What/have to eat?
but I’m not sure what to study afterwards. steak/fish
might go
I love studying literature, so I _______ 4 Who/help you fix your computer?
to university. That would be fun. ask Kamal/ask Aziz
I _______________ a writer. But I
3 Ask and answer questions with a partner
also enjoy the Russian language, so about your possible future plans:
I _______________ that at university.
•  after the lesson •  at the weekend
I’ll have to get good exam results to
•  tomorrow evening •  for your next holiday
do that. I’d also like to try living in
another country. I’ve got family in Check it
Germany, so I _______________
there for a while. Perhaps I 4 Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
could study literature in Berlin. 1 If I’d have a car, I’d give you a lift.
That would be great! 2 They’ll call their baby Lily, but they
aren’t sure yet.
3 I’d visit you more often if you wouldn’t
live so far away.
4 I’m playing tennis tomorrow. I’m
not sure.
5 If I’m younger, I’ll learn to speak
French, but I’m too old now.

Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality 97

 READING AND SPEAKING
Supervolcano

1 Discuss these questions as a class.

•  What famous volcanoes are there in the world? How many
can you name?
•  Are they active or extinct? What do you know about them?
2 What do you think a ‘supervolcano’ is? Read the first part of
the article about them. Check the highlighted words in
your dictionary. Mark the sentences true(✓), false(✗), or
don’t know (?).
1 A supervolcano is a volcano which has recently erupted.
2 Not many people know that Yellowstone Park is a
supervolcano.
3 Yellowstone Park is an extinct supervolcano.
4 About 40 supervolcanoes have been found on our planet.
5 The most recent eruption of a supervolcano was in
Yellowstone Park.
6 It is unlikely that another supervolcano will erupt.
3 Read the second part of the article. Check the highlighted
words, and put these events in the correct order.
If Yellowstone volcano erupted, …
1   there would be no summer in Europe.
2   87,000 people would die immediately. Yellowstone National Park
3   the tropical forests would die.
4   Iceland might start to help feed the world. Seattle
5   warmer countries would have famines. Montana
New York

6   only 10% of our sunlight would reach the earth. Washington DC

Idaho Wyoming
Check the answers in class, and then read them aloud to Salt Lake
a partner. City Denver
Colorado
Utah
San Francisco
If Yellowstone … , then …
L.A.
Dallas Orlando
4 Read the last part of the article. Why is there no need for us
to worry?
5 What do these numbers refer to in the article?
3 million   1960s   9,000   40   74,000   
640,000   250kmph   87,000   3/4   90%

What do you think?

• Where do you think there might be other volcanic eruptions
in the future?
• Do you think scientists will one day find ways of stopping
these disasters? How best could they help us?
• If an eruption did happen, what do you think you could do
to try and survive? Work in groups, and think about food,
housing, heating, and clothing. Tell the class.

98 Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality

Supervolcano!
If this volcano erupted, the world would freeze …

Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. A hot July day, and

some of the 3 million visitors who come to the park every year are
watching one of the geysers erupt. Everyone is impressed, but as they
chatter excitedly and eat their ice-creams, not many of them realize
that they are standing on top of the largest active volcano in the world.
Scientists have known for a long time that Yellowstone is a volcanic
area. But the strange thing is that until the 1960s, none of them could
find a volcano anywhere in the park. Then, new photos taken by NASA
showed the reason why – the whole park, 9,000 square metres of it, is
a volcano!
Volcanoes like Yellowstone are called ‘supervolcanoes’, because they are
so huge and dangerous – 1,000 times more powerful than ordinary
volcanoes. There are about 40 of them on Earth, but none of them has
erupted recently. The most recent was 74,000 years ago in Indonesia.
The last time Yellowstone Park erupted was 640,000 years ago.
But what would happen if the Yellowstone volcano erupted again today?
Here are the events that might follow:

Day 1 – Yellowstone Park, USA

If the volcano erupted, hot ash and rock would shoot up into the air at
250kmph. The cities of Denver and Salt Lake would be destroyed
immediately, and 87,000 people would die. Eventually the ash would
cover 3/4 of the USA, and drinking water and food crops would be
contaminated.
Week 1 – Europe
The whole of Europe would be covered by a grey cloud. Summer would
turn to winter, and in some places the sea would freeze. No European
country would be able to grow food for four or five years.
The next 3 months – Worldwide
90% of our sunlight would be blocked and a volcanic winter would
cover the Earth. The tropical forests would die and food crops in warm
countries, such as India and China, would fail. Only countries near the
North and South Poles could carry on as usual. Iceland would do well,
because most of its food is grown in special greenhouses. It might be
able to send food to the rest of the world.­
How likely is it?
Fortunately, scientists at the Yellowstone Volcanic Observatory say that
there is no evidence that the volcano will erupt in the near future. They
say ‘such events are unlikely to happen in the next few centuries’. So we
can all get on with our lives and stop worrying, which is good to know.

Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality 99

 VOCABULARY
Phrasal verbs

1 Phrasal verbs consist of a verb + adverb/preposition.

Some phrasal verbs are literal.
Go away and leave me alone.
Take off your coat and come and sit down.
Complete the sentences with a word from the box.
out (x2)  up  on  back

1 Put ____ something warm. It’s cold today.

2 There’s some ice-cream in the freezer. Can you get it ____ ?
3 Why are your clothes on the floor? Please pick them ____ .
4 I’m going to take the kids ____ for the day.
5 When are you going ____ to your country?
Do or mime these actions. Go away and leave me alone!
turn round  walk out  try something on  throw something away  
look for something   turn something off   fall over   lie down

2 Some phrasal verbs aren’t literal.

‘Can you sort out this problem?’   The plane took off.  
I gave up my job.
Do or mime these actions.
look after a baby   look up a word   we’ve run out of milk
my car broke down   Look out!   fill in a form

3 Look at the position of the object when it is a pronoun in these

sentences.
Your shoes are dirty. Take them off.   
This sweater looks nice. Can I try it on?
Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from exercises 1–2. Come and sit down.
Use pronouns.
1 ‘Where’s my tea?’  ‘Sorry. I threw _______ . It was cold.’
2 We don’t need all these lights on. Turn _______ .
3 Leave little Annie with me. I’ll look _______ .
4 I haven’t got time to fill in this form. I’ll fill _______ later.
4 Complete the sentences with one of these phrasal verbs in the
correct form.
grow up   run out of   fall out with   get on with   look forward to

1 How do you __________ your parents?

2 Do you ever __________ your brothers and sisters?
3 What are you __________ doing on holiday?
4 Have you ever __________ petrol in your car?
5 Where did you __________ ? Or have you always lived here?
In pairs, ask and answer the questions about you. Can I try it on?

100 Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Social expressions 2

1 Complete the conversations with the correct expressions.

I’m sorry  Excuse me  of course  Pardon

1 A _______ ! Can I get past?

B _______ ?
A Can I get past, please?
B _______ . I didn’t hear you. Yes, _______ .
A Thanks a lot.

That’s right  Oh, what a pity  Congratulations  Never mind  I hear

2 A _______ you’re going to get married soon. _______ !

B _______ , next July. July 21. Can you come to the wedding?
A _______ ! That’s when we’re away on holiday.
C _______ . We’ll send you some wedding cake.
A That’s very kind.

Hurry up   all right   Oh, dear   Just a minute   I haven’t a clue

3 A _______ ! Look at the time! _______ , or we’ll miss the train.

B _______ ! I can’t find my umbrella. Do you know where it is?
A _______ . But you won’t need it. It’s a lovely day. Just look at the sky!
B Oh, _______ . Let’s go, then.

Good luck  See you later  Same to you  Good idea  What about you  

No, of course not

4 A _______ in your exam!

B _______ . I hope we both pass.
A Did you go out last night?
B _______ . I went to bed early. _______ ?
A Me, too. _______ , after the exam. Let’s go for a pizza.
B _______ .

2 T 12.4 Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.

3 Listen to your teacher. Reply using one of the expressions.
Unit 12  .  Dreams and reality 101
 Earning a living
Present Perfect Continuous  .  Word formation  . Adverbs . Telephoning

STARTER 1 Ask and answer these questions.

How long have you
2 Ask your teacher the same When did you start?
been learning English?
questions about teaching English.

STREET LIFE
Present Perfect Continuous STREET 1  _______________________

LIFE
__________________________?
For a year. It was very cold at
1 Read Andy’s story. first, but you get used to it.
ANDY’S STORY 2  _______________________
2 Match the questions a–f on p103 with the
answers in the text. Andy, 28, from Scotland, __________________________?
used to have his own taxi I came here to look for work,
T 13.1 Listen and check. Finish Andy’s business. When he lost it,
answer in question 4. and I never left.
he also lost his home and
his family. He now sleeps 3  _______________________
3 With a partner, cover the questions and
practise the conversation. Then cover the on the streets in London. __________________________?
answers, and practise again. The Big Issue is a magazine For six months. I’m in
sold by homeless people in Covent Garden seven days a
Britain. This gives them a week selling the magazine.
Grammar spot small income, so they can
4  _______________________
1 Which are the questions in the Present begin to find somewhere
to live. __________________________?
Perfect Continuous? What are the other
tenses? Lots. My problem is I’m
homeless. I want a job, but I
2 Look at these two questions.
need somewhere to live
How long have you been selling before I can get a job.
The Big Issue? So I need money to get
How many copies have you sold somewhere to live, but …
today?
Which question asks about the activity 5  _______________________
of selling? __________________________?
Which question asks about the number Usually about fifty.
of magazines sold?
6  _______________________
3 Complete these sentences with the
Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. __________________________?
 I _________ (learn) English since I So far, ten. But it’s still early.
was 16.
 I _________ (learn) ten new words.
Grammar Reference 13.1 p142

102 Unit 13  .  Earning a living

 4 Make more questions about Andy.
•  How long/trying to find a job?
•  How many jobs/had?
•  How long/standing here today?
•  How/lose your business?
•  Who/best friend?
•  Where/meet him/her?
•  How long/known each other?
T 13.2 Listen and check.
5 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
Invent Andy’s answers.
T 13.3 Listen and compare your answers.

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
1 Choose the correct tense.
1 How long have you been living / do you live
in Abu Dhabi?
2 Anna has been finding / has found a good
job.
3 My brother and I have gone / have been
going to karate lessons for over six months.
4 I bought / have bought a new flat a few
months ago.
5 How long have you had / have you been
having your car?
6 Tom worked / has been working as a
policeman for the past month.
7 I’ve written / ’ve been writing an essay all
day.
8 I’ve written / been writing six pages.

b How long have you been

Talking about you
selling The Big Issue? 2 Put the verbs in the Present Perfect Simple or
a How many copies do you
sell a day? Continuous or the Past Simple.
1 How long _____ you _____ (come) to this
d How many copies have
c Have you made many university?
you sold today?
friends? 2 How long _____ you _____ (use) this
book?
e How long have you been 3 Which book _____ you _____ (have)
sleeping on the streets? f Why did you come to before this one?
London? 4 How long _____ you _____ (know) your
best friend?

Unit 13  .  Earning a living 103

 What have they been doing? a b

3 Make a sentence about the people using

an idea from the box. Add because and say
what they’ve been doing.
He’s hot because he’s been running.
d e
hot  ​ back hurts  ​
paint on his clothes ​
dirty hands  ​no money  ​ tired  ​
eyes hurt  ​wet  ​red face  ​

4 Complete these sentences in the Present

Perfect Simple about some of the people in
exercise 3.
g h
1 He __________ (run) five miles.
2 He __________ (spend) all his money.
3 She __________ (read) five books today.
4 They __________ (play) six games.
5 He __________ (make) a cake and a pie.

Getting information
5 Work with a partner. Your teacher will give
you different information about the life and
career of Nahed Taher, a businesswoman.
Ask and answer questions to complete the
information.

Student A
Dr. Nahed Taher works for . . . (Who . . . for?) in
Bahrain. She is their Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
and has been running the bank since 2005, when
she became the first female CEO of a bank in the
Gulf region.

Which investment bank

is Nahed Taher CEO of?
Gulf One Investment Bank

Student B
Dr. Nahed Taher is the Chief Executive Office
(CEO) of Gulf One Investment Bank. She has been
running the bank since . . . (How long?), when she
became the first female CEO of a bank in the
Gulf region.

How long has she been

running the bank?
Since 2005.

104 Unit 13  .  Earning a living

 VOCABULARY
c
Word formation

1 These words appeared in the last few units. Complete the charts and mark the stress.
Noun Verb Noun Adjective
f death _______
die death _______
waste _______ _______ ˈhonest
_______ beˈlieve vaˈriety _______
_______ ˈadvertise _______ mad
ˈpromise _______ ˈmystery _______
_______ feel _______ ˈbeautiful
adˈvice _______ _______ ˈwealthy
i
_______ deˈscribe sucˈcess _______
inˈvention _______ _______ ˈcomfortable
ˈgovernment _______ peace _______

2 Complete the sentences with a word from exercise 1.

1 _______ me that you’ll phone when you arrive.
2 He was taken to hospital by ambulance, but he was _______ on arrival.
3 ‘Are they _______ ?’  ‘Yes, they’re millionaires.’
‘Where does their money come from?’  ‘They have a very _______ business.’
4 I love the _______ and quiet of the countryside.
5 I saw an _______ for a job as a waiter.
6 The sofa was so _______ that I fell asleep.
7 I gave the police a _______ of the man who attacked me.
8 I had a few problems, but Adam gave me some good _______ .
9 I was sitting at home when suddenly I had a funny _______ that I wasn’t alone.

Adverbs

1 Complete the sentences with the adverbs.

mainly  possibly  ​
really  ​
nearly

1 ‘Are you going out?’  ‘_______ . I don’t know yet.’

2 The exam was _______ difficult. I couldn’t do any of it.
3 ‘How old are you?’  ‘I’m _______ eight.
4 I travel a lot in my job, _______ to Europe.
2 Complete the sentences with the adverbs.
seriously  ​
exactly  ​
carefully  ​
fluently

1 I used to speak French _______ , but I’ve forgotten it now.

2 Please drive _______ . The roads are so dangerous.
3 I have _______ £3.52 to last until the end of the week.
4 There was an accident, but fortunately no one was _______ injured.

Unit 13  .  Earning a living 105

 READING AND SPEAKING
A funny way to earn a living

1 Play the alphabet game with jobs.

architect, accountant, …
businessman, bookseller, …
2 What is considered to be a good job in your country?
What’s an average salary?
3 Look at the headlines, and look at the two texts for
ten seconds only. Answer the questions.
1 Do they have regular jobs?
2 Do they like their jobs?
4 Choose one of the texts, and read it more carefully.
Answer the questions.
1 Does he/she work indoors or outdoors?
2 How long has he/she been doing this job?
3 What does he/she do in his/her job?
4 What did he/she do before?
5 Does he/she do the same thing every day?
6 How much does he/she earn? Derrick loves
live-in job at
7 Why does he/she like the job?
5 Find a partner who read the other text.
Compare your answers to the questions in exercise 4.
Then answer these questions.
1 Who earns the most?
the Tower
2 Who earns the least? He is the only royal Ravenmaster in the world.
3 Why are there ravens at the Tower of London?
4 Why does Derrick have to put the ravens in their
cages at night?
5 How long has Cathy been flying balloons?
D errick Coyle wakes up with the birds – in
fact he wakes up before them! Derrick is the
Ravenmaster of the Tower of London, and his first
6 How many hours a day does Cathy work? job every day is to get the birds out of the cages
where they spend the night.
What do you think?   Ravens have been living at the Tower of London
since 1660, when King Charles II made a Royal
What is your idea of the best and worst jobs in the Decree that there should always be six ravens there.
world? This followed an old legend that if the ravens leave
the Tower, it will fall, and the monarchy will fall
with it.
  Derrick has been doing the job since 1999, and
has an apartment inside the Tower walls. Before that
he was one of the regular Beefeaters at the Tower.
There’s a strict routine to follow every day, checking
the birds are healthy, feeding and watering them,
and cleaning the cages. At night he puts the ravens
back inside their cages, to keep them safe from cats
and foxes.
  The hours are long for a salary of just over
£20,000, but Derrick loves his job. ‘It’s a lot of
fun, and it gives me a lot of pleasure’, he says. ‘The
ravens are part of the family. They all have their own
characters.’

106 Unit 13  .  Earning a living

Flying for a living
Cathy has made a career out of her passion

C athy Moorhead has only ever had one job. She has
never wanted to do anything but be in a hot air
balloon, going where the wind takes her, listening to the
birds, and watching deer and small animals below her.
And she gets paid for it, about £25,000 a year. ‘I’ve
been flying balloons since I was 10, and I have done it
professionally for twelve years. I fly between 10 and 20
passengers in different balloons.’ The flights usually last
an hour, and they go early in the morning or just before
sunset. ‘The trips are always mystery tours,’ she says. ‘I
never know where we’re going to land.’
She starts work about 6 am, and works anything from
15 hours a day to nothing, if the weather is bad. ‘We can’t
fly if it’s too windy, if visibility is poor, or if it’s raining.
The balloon gets too heavy and the passengers get wet.’
What’s the best thing about the job? ‘The job itself. I love
being out in the countryside and I hate routines. So this
is heaven for me.’

Unit 13  .  Earning a living 107

 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Giving news

1 Craig has left home and has just started his first job in
advertising. He’s on the telephone to his mother.
T 13.4 Listen to his side of the conversation.
Work with a partner and decide if these statements are
true (✓) or false (✗).
1 Craig starts work at eight o’clock every morning.
2 His mother is worried that he hasn’t been eating well.
3 He goes home immediately after work.
4 Craig’s mother has not heard about John before.
5 Craig and John share a flat.
6 John has been working for the advertising agency
longer than Craig.
7 Craig’s father has been working in Holland.
8 Craig’s father has been working hard all day.
9 His mother is coming to London next Thursday.
10 Craig is going to cook a meal for his mother.
2 T 13.4 Listen to Craig again. Your teacher will stop
the recording. What do you think his mother said?
3 T 13.5 Listen to the complete conversation and
compare your ideas.

Language work
Read the tapescript on p127. Underline examples of the
Present Perfect Simple and Continuous.

Roleplay
1 Read Craig’s diary. Work
Thursday __18__
with a partner. One of you
May mo__m__en__ t!___
is Craig. It’s Friday evening
o rk is c ra z y at__t__he
__ ____
__15__ Monday W ______ __ __ __
al __wit__h___
and you have phoned your
od__
t__ ,t
ay__ __n__I _____
__he
__
n c h. W e or__a__m__e__
nt__f__
friend for a chat. F iv e m e e t in
__ g__s __ es_ N o
______lu __ __ __ __
m __ra__ng__. _____
____ __ __ __
t a__ M__
s __ iv__
um__a__rr__ f t e r __ .M
rk__
wo__ __u__
e d
n ____t he f la
__ __ J o hn a __ __
cle__a__
__ __ __
! _______
te__d__
us__
____ __ __
_________
Hi, there. I’m exhausted.
o rr o w . I’m e
__xh
__a__ __ __ ____________
I’ve had a very busy week! to__
__ m____ __ __ __
_____ __ __ __ __
__ __ ____________ 19
______ __ __ __ Friday ____
d _____
__e__
ork
d lu n c h w it ohn
h__J__ __.__W__
__16__ Tuesday e_
ris__ H a
____ __ __ __ __ __
What have you been doing? t__t__ y __
he__p__a__ _________
d n e w s – I g o
__ la t e . __ __ ____________
Go__o______
__ __ __ __
t __ din
r __
fo__ er___
__n__
__ __ __ __
_________
e d . W e n t ou__ ____________
w a n
I ______ t __ __ __ __ __
no__w ___ ____________ _____
2 Work with a partner. __
t o c__ ra__
__b__
ele e __
t__ – __ __ ____________
w it h M__u m
__ __ __ ______ __ __ __ __
It is Wednesday evening. ______
ha__
s__t__ t __
I e__a__
t __ we__ll!_______
One of you has decided to s
__ he
__ kn
__ o
__ w
__ Saturday __
__
phone the other for a chat. ___
__ __ __ __ __ ____________
Ask and answer questions ________ _____
__17__ Wednesda r_ ____________
y
. A__n__
__g__
he__
ot__
__in
orn __ __
about what you’ve been
M u m le
__f t
__ t
__ hi
__s__m__ ______ __ __ __
Sunday ____
doing this week. ______ _____
b u s y d
__a y
__a__t__w__ __.__________
ork ____________
_________
____ __ _________ ____________ _____
__ __ __ __ __ ____________ __ __ __ __ ____________
__ ___ ______ __
__ ____________
Unit 13  .  Earning a living __ __ __ __
________
108
 EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Telephoning

1 Practise saying these telephone numbers.

020 7927 4863  ​ 01923 272994  ​
0797 0800 994  ​
633488  ​
061 44 501277  ​07880 705024
T 13.6 Listen and check.
2 T 13.7 Listen to some phone numbers in
American English. What differences are there
between British and American English?
3 T 13.8 Listen to three phone conversations
and decide:
•  who is speaking to who.
•  what about.
•  how well they know each other.

! Who’s
1 Look at these telephone expressions.
speaking?
Is that Ewan?
This is Sami./It’s Sami.
(NOT  Here is Sami, or I’m Sami.)
2 Complete these expressions from the telephone
conversations.
Could I _________ Shereen?
I _________ she’s out at the moment.
Can I take a _________ ?
I’ll _________ later.
3 What do these mean?
Hold on. I’ll connect you.
Speaking.

4 Look at the tapescript on p127.

Practise the conversations with a
partner.
5 Your teacher will give you a role card.
Prepare what you are going to say
alone, then be ready to make a call or
answer the phone.

_
_
_
_

Unit 13  .  Earning a living 109

 Family ties
Past Perfect  .  Reported statements  .  Saying goodbye

STARTER Match a line in A with a line in B. A B

John met Pete every Thursday.
They were working in Paris recently.
They’ve been good friends for a long time.
They play tennis in 1986.
They’ve been working together when they met.

FAMILY REUNITED
Past Perfect

1 Look at the headline of a newspaper story.

What do you want to know when you read the story?
Twins reunite after
What happened thirty years ago?
Where are their parents?
thirty years
How did they meet?

2 Look at two versions of the story. Read them and compare them. Did you find the
answers to your questions?

A B
Bob and David Taylor’s mother died soon after Bob Taylor and his long-lost twin brother, David,
their birth, and the twins didn’t see each other for enjoyed an emotional reunion at David’s house
thirty years. in Brighton last week.
They lived their whole lives with different Their mother had died soon after their birth,
families in different parts of the country. They both and they hadn’t seen each other for thirty years.
‘I didn’t know I had a twin,’ said Bob, ‘but I
had cats called Tammy, they both studied languages
always felt half of me was missing.’
at university, and they both married a woman They found each other through a website
called Beth. called Family Reunited, and spent the day
They found each other through a website called swapping stories about their lives.
Family Reunited. They enjoyed an emotional David had always known about Bob. ‘But I
reunion at David’s house in Brighton last week, and didn’t know where he was,’ he said.
spent the day swapping stories about their lives. They had lived their whole lives with different
‘I didn’t know I had a twin,’ said Bob, ‘but I families in different parts of the country. They
always felt half of me was missing.’ found that they both had cats called Tammy,
David said, ‘I always knew about Bob, but I they had both studied languages at university,
didn’t know where he was.’ and that they had both married a woman called
Beth.

110 Unit 14  .  Family ties

 PRACTICE
Grammar Spot Speaking

1 In which text are the events of the story told in

1 Work in pairs. Look what Bob and David did after they
the order in which they happened? Which tense are met. Tell the story.
all the verbs in this text?
2 How are these ideas expressed in text B?
Their mother died soon after their birth.
They didn’t see each other for thirty years.
Which two tenses are used in text B?
3 What’s the difference between these sentences?
they were leaving.
When we arrived, they left.
they had already left.
Grammar Reference 14.1 p142 They spoke … hours They sent …
… phone.

3 T 14.1 Read and listen to text B on p110, and

underline all the examples of the Past Perfect. Read
the text aloud, and be careful with contracted forms.
4 Correct these sentences.
1 Bob and David hadn’t seen each other for a
couple of weeks.
2 They didn’t live together because their mother
had divorced.
3 David had never known he had a brother. They visited … where they They met …
4 They’d both studied chemistry. were born.

2 Which of these sentences is true? Explain why.

they were swapping photos.
When they met
they swapped photos.
at Bob’s house,
they had already swapped photos.
3 Tell the story again, but begin at picture 4.
When Bob and David met again at Bob’s house, they
had …
4 Write a similar newspaper article to B on page 110. Use
these notes to help you.
Jane Williams / long-lost sister Amy / meet each other /
Carlton Hotel yesterday.
Parents disappear / hurricane / on holiday in the
Caribbean / not see each other 15 years.
Find each other through friends / live in the same town /
study at the same university / go shopping in the same
mall / but never meet.

Unit 14  .  Family ties 111

 Grammar and pronunciation
5 Make sentences from the chart below.
was wet fallen over playing football.
I hurt had done the homework.
Our teacher died I passed all my exams.
My leg was delighted because had rain the night before.
The plants was angry we forgotten to water them.
The road was hungry hadn’t had a busy day.
went to bed early had any breakfast.

T 14.2 Listen and check. Practice saying the sentences.

WHAT DID HE SAY? PRACTICE

Reported statements An interview
1 T 14.3 Listen and complete what Ben says 1 T 14.5 Listen to an interview with Bob Taylor, the man you
about John in A. read about on p110.
A What does Ben say? 2 Complete the report of the interview with the correct verb
forms.
‘I _______ John very much.’
‘I _______ him at university.’
‘We _______ quite similar.’ In my interview, Bob Taylor said that he (1) had never known
‘We _______ a lot together.’
about David, but he (2) ___________ pleased that he
‘I _______ John this evening.’
(3) ____________ him now .They (4) ____________ each other
‘I _______ him to arrange a time.’
for the first time a few weeks ago, and they had found they
(5) ____________ a lot in common. He told me he
2 T 14.4 Read and listen to B.
(6) ____________ married for ten years, and that he now
B What did Ben tell you? (7) ____________ in Oxford with his wife, Beth, who
He told me/said that . . . (8) ____________ a photographer.
   he liked John very much. He said that David (9) ____________ to see him next week,
  he’d (had) met him at university. and he was bringing his three children. He was sure they
   they were quite similar. (10) ____________ on well with his children.
  they’d (had) travelled a lot together.
   he was seeing John this evening.
  he’d (would) phone him to arrange a time. T 14.6 Listen and check.

3 Practise the sentences in 2. Be careful with Check it

contracted forms.
3 Report these statements.
Grammar Spot 1 ‘I like Anna,’ said Jim.
2 ‘I’m staying with my aunt,’ said Anna.
1 A is direct speech. B is reported speech. What are 3 ‘Mr Walker phoned before lunch,’ Sue said.
the tense changes from direct to reported speech? ‘He didn’t leave a message,’ she added.
2 How are say and tell used to introduce reported 4 ‘I don’t think it’ll rain,’ said Ken.
speech? 5 ‘Ken’s gone home,’ Sue said.
Grammar Reference 14.2 p142 ‘He went early,’ she added.
6 ‘I’ll ring you this evening,’ Anna told Jim.

112 Unit 14  .  Family ties

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Hot verbs – bring, take, come, go

1 The verbs bring, take, come, and go are very 4 Complete the conversations with bring, take, come, and go in
common in English. Look at these examples. the correct form.
David’s coming to see me next week.
He’s bringing his children. 1 A Goodbye, everyone! I’m ________ on holiday tomorrow.
I went to the USA last year. B Where are you ________?
I took my nephews and nieces. A Australia. I’m ________ my family to visit their cousins
2 Underline the examples of the verbs in these in Sydney.
questions. Ask and answer them with a partner. B Lucky you! When you ________ back, ________ me a
1 What did you bring with you to school today? T-shirt!
2 When you are invited to a friend’s house,
do you usually take something? 2 A Listen, class! Please finish your work before you
3 Who comes to visit you at home most often? ________ home. And tomorrow, don’t forget to
4 Where do you usually go after school? ________ in your money for the school trip. We’re
3 The choice between bring /take and come /go ________ to the Natural History Museum.
depends on where the speaker is. Look at the B Oh, Miss Jones! Can’t you ________ us somewhere more
picture. exciting?
3 A Martin, you were very late last night. What time did you
________ home?
B It was before midnight, Mum, honest. Mick ________
me home in his car.
4 A I’ve been decorating my new flat. You must ________
and visit me on Saturday. And ________ Emma and
Jane with you. I’ll cook you a meal.
B Great! We’ll ________ some ice-cream for dessert!
I came to Britain
I’m going to to study English. 5 (In London)
France on holiday. Fortunately, I A I’ll miss you when I ________ back home to Morocco.
I must remember brought an
to take some umbrella. You must ________ and visit me next year.
sun cream. B I’d love to! I want you to ________ this photo with you.
It will remind you of the day we ________ to Oxford
together.
A OK. And when you visit, ________ me some more
English books to read!
6 (In Turkey)
A I’m ________ to London tomorrow, so tonight my best
friend is ________ round to my house to say goodbye.
She’s ________ a present she wants me to ___________
The speaker uses take The speaker uses bring to her sister in London.
and go for a movement and come for a B Well, have a good trip!
away from her. movement towards
him. T 14.7 Listen and check your answers.

Unit 14  .  Family ties 113

 READING AND SPEAKING
The Three Princes – a folk tale

1 Which of these things do you often find in folk tales? When the three sons of a neighbouring king heard
the news, they set off immediately for the king’s palace.
a prince a sofa a king a flying carpet
The brothers were handsome, but very arrogant, and
a jar of cream a banana a princess a palace
a crystal ball a policeman a crossroads  each of them was sure that the princess would be
unable to resist his charms.
2 Match the phrasal verbs with the nouns. The verbs will However, they soon discovered that the king had a
appear in the folk tale. challenge for them. He told them that they must go out
into the world for a year and a day, and that whoever
1 to set off / out a) some paper on the floor came back with the most wonderful object would
2 to come to b) a bus / plane / boat marry the princess.
3 to meet up with c) your own country So they set out together, and after they had travelled
for one week, they came to a crossroads, where the road
4 to get on d) some friends
went in three different directions. The eldest brother
5 to go back to e) on a journey
declared that it was time for them to go their separate
6 to pick up f) a crossroads ways. They agreed to meet up again at the crossroads
one week before they returned to the king’s palace.
3 T 14.8 Read and listen to the first part of the story
What do you think?
The Three Princes •  How old do you think the people in the story are?
Long ago, in a faraway city, a king decided that it was • What do you think the princes said to each other on the way
time for his daughter to be married. He spoke with his to the king’s palace?
wisest advisor, an old man called Ziyad, who had known •  Why do you think the king gave them this challenge?
the princess since she was a small child. Ziyad agreed • Why do you think they decided to meet up before returning
that the time for her marriage had come. to the king’s palace?

114 Unit 14  .  Family ties

 5 T 14.10 Read and listen to the last part of the story.

Moments later they were standing in the

room that they had just seen in the crystal
ball. The king and Ziyad were at the princess’s
bedside, looking very anxious. The youngest
brother quickly rubbed some of the cream on
the princess’s forehead. Seconds later she opened
her eyes, and said, ‘I feel much better!’
Later that evening, each prince argued that
his wonderful object had saved the life of the
princess. The crystal ball had shown them she
was in danger, the flying carpet had brought
them back just in time, and the cream had
restored her health. The king didn’t know what
to do. He called the princess and his old advisor,
Ziyad.
‘Who do you think should marry the
princess?’ he asked Ziyad. Ziyad immediately
turned to the princess, and asked her who she
wanted to marry. ‘Thank you for asking me,
Ziyad’, she said. ‘I would like to marry you’. She
picked up the jar of cream, and as soon as she
had rubbed some of it onto Ziyad’s hand, he
became a young, strong, and very handsome man.
They were married the next day, and the three
princes, with their wonderful objects, and a little
less arrogance than before, each soon found a
4 T 14.9 Read and listen to the second part of the story.
princess of their own to marry.
Nearly one year later, they met and showed each
other what they had brought back.
6 Are the sentences true (✓) or false (✗)? Correct the
‘I have a crystal ball’, said the eldest brother proudly.
false sentences.
‘It shows you what’s happening anywhere in the world.’
‘Huh, that’s nothing!’, said the second brother. ‘I have 1 When the princes returned, the princess was
a flying carpet. It can take you anywhere in the world in looking anxious.
2 The cream worked very quickly.
minutes.’
3 The king asked the princess who she wanted to
‘Well, it looks like I’m the winner then,’ said the
marry.
youngest brother. ‘I have a jar of the most amazing cream.
4 The princess rubbed the cream on Ziyad’s head.
It can make anyone healthy, no matter how sick they are. 5 At the end of the story, the princes had become
And the man who gave it to me said that if it was used less arrogant.
with true love, it could make people young again.’
‘Well, I’ll show you how useful my crystal ball is’ said Language work
the first brother. ‘Let’s see how our princess is.’ But when
they looked, they saw that the princess had fallen gravely Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect.
ill, and was very close to death. They got on the flying 1 Ziyad was very close to the princess because …
carpet and went back to the palace immediately. 2 They came to a crossroads after …
3 When the princes met up, they showed each other …
4 When the princes looked into the crystal ball, they
What do you think?
saw that the princess …
•  Which object do you think is the most wonderful? 5 Each prince argued that his object … the princess’s
•  What would you do with these objects? life.
• What do you think will happen when they return to the palace?

Unit 14  .  Family ties 115

 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Families that live abroad

1 Do many foreigners live in your

country?
Where are they from?
What are they doing in your country?
2 Do people from your country go to live
abroad?
Where do they go? Why?
3 T 14.11 Listen to two people, Patrick
and Daniel, talking about their families.
Answer the questions.
1 Who were the first members of their
family to go abroad?
Where did they go?
Why?
2 Where did the family live at first?
3 How long had they been in the
country before they moved?
4 Draw their movements on the maps.
Write the year they moved.
5 What work did they do?
6 How many brothers and sisters has
he got?
7 Where did they go to school?
8 Are they happy where they are?

116 Unit 14  .  Family ties

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Saying goodbye

1 Match the sentences with the correct photos.

a b c

d e f

1 c ‘Goodbye! Have a safe journey. Send us a postcard!’

2 ‘Goodbye. Thank you for a lovely evening.’ ‘You
must come to us next time.’
3 ‘Goodbye. It has been most interesting talking to
you. We’ll let you know by post.’
4 ‘Bye! See you later. Are you doing anything tonight?’
5 ‘Bye-bye! Thank you very much for having me.’
6 ‘Goodbye. Here’s my card. Get in touch if you
have any problems with it.’
7 ‘Goodbye! Drive carefully and call me when you g
get there!’
8 ‘Goodbye! And good luck in the future. I’ve really
enjoyed our lessons together!’
2 T 14.12 Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences.
3 Make more conversations for these situations:
• parents saying goodbye to son / daughter leaving home to
share a flat with friends
•  saying goodbye to friends after spending a holiday with them
• saying goodbye to your teacher / boss after finishing
college / work at the end of the week h
•  saying goodbye to teachers / friends when you leave college

Unit 14  .  Family ties 117

 Tapescripts
Unit 1 the phone all the time, especially now, because
we are both having a baby this summer!
… they were the original inhabitants. A lot of
people live in bungalows, which are small
Dominic  My best friend is called Sammy –er houses on one floor. It’s a very beautiful
T 1.1 Maurizio country. It’s got a lot of mountains, and
and he often comes to play at my house after
My name’s Maurizio Celi. I come from Bologna, school. A long time ago –er when I was four –er people love the countryside. Oh, and we’re
a city in the north of Italy. I’m a student at the we went to Busy Bee Nursery School together. very good at rugby and cricket.
University of Bologna. I’m studying modern Me and Sammy are both six now. I like him ‘cos e My country is the northern part of a bigger
languages – English and Russian. I also know a he’s funny and he plays football. I like going to country, but we’ve got our own parliament.
little Spanish, so I can speak four languages. play at his house, too. He’s got a big garden. There are just over 5 million of us. We’ve got
I’m enjoying the course a lot, but it’s really hard a lot of mountains, and there are also lots of
Michael  I have two good friends from university rivers, lakes, and islands. People come to my
work. The course started three years ago.
   I live at home with my parents and my sister. called Dave and Azam. We stayed in the same country to fish. Our salmon is famous all
My brother went to work in the United States house near the university. I don’t know why we over the world.
last year. became friends. We were all very different. Dave f I come from a big country. It has a lot of
   After I graduate, I’m going to work as a was quiet and always worked hard, and Azam was wide open spaces. We have a population of
translator. I hope so, anyway. a real character! He never remembered his house … almost 300 million, and these people have
keys. He climbed in through the window at least come from all over the world. We have big,
T 1.2 Jim once a week. He loved cooking Indian food and cosmopolitan cities, but a lot of people live
having people for dinner. Our house was always on farms, ranches, and in small towns. We
Hello. My name’s Jim Allen and I come from full of visitors.
the north of England, near Manchester. I live in like baseball and football – our kind of
Now, of course, life is very different. Dave football. And we love to eat … burgers with
a village just outside the city. I live alone now, is a writer and lives in France. He sends me
because my wife died three years ago. But I’m fries, and apple pie and ice-cream.
long, funny emails every month. Azam is an
near my daughter and her family, so that’s OK. international lawyer. He’s working in Hong
Until last year, I worked in a paper factory, but T 2.2 T 2.2
Kong at the moment. But we still meet once a
now I’m retired. I never liked my job much but year with our families. We usually meet at Dave’s A Do you have a car?
now I’m really enjoying life! I’m a student again. house in France and have a holiday together. B Yes, I do.
I’m studying with the University of the Third C No, I don’t.
Age. It helps retired people like me who want to Walid  My best friend is my neighbour, Talal.
A Have you got a car?
study again, and it’s really wonderful. You see, I He’s 16. Our fathers are good friends, and I
B Yes, I have.
left school when I was 15 and started work in the call Talal’s dad ‘Uncle Ahmed’. We grew up
C No, I haven’t.
factory, because we needed the money. Now I’m together. When we were kids, we always liked
the same games. We still play football together, D I don’t have a computer.
studying Spanish. I love it. My son lives in Spain E I haven’t got a computer.
with his Spanish wife. Next year I’m going to and we both support the same football team,
visit them for six months, so I want my Spanish Al-Mabarrah. We go to watch them whenever
they play at home. And we often go shopping T 2.3 T 2.3
to be good!
together, because we like the same kind of Where does he come from?
clothes. Talal’s great – he’s like a brother to me. Is she married?
T 1.3
Does she have any brothers and sisters?
1 I’m reading a good book. T 1.5 see p13 Has he got any children?
I booked a room at a hotel. How many brothers and sisters has she got?
2 What kind of food do you like? What does he do?
My mother’s a very kind person. T 1.6 T 1.6 What does she do in her free time?
3 Can you swim?   1 ‘How are you?’  ‘Fine, thanks.’ Where do they go on holiday?
I’d like a can of cola.   2 ‘Hello, Jane!’  ‘Hi, Habiba!’ What’s she doing at the moment?
4 What does this mean?   3 ‘How do you do?’  ‘How do you do?’
Some people are very mean. They don’t like   4 ‘See you tomorrow!’  ‘Bye!’ T 2.4 T 2.4
spending their money.   5 ‘Good night!’  ‘Sleep well!’ have breakfast
5 I live in a flat.   6 ‘Good morning!’  ‘Good morning!’ wash my hair
Holland is a flat country.   7 ‘Hello, I’m Ela Paul.’ watch TV
6 The train’s coming.   ‘Pleased to meet you, Ela.’ talk to my friends
Athletes have to train very hard.   8 ‘Excuse me!’  ‘Yes. Can I help you?’
7 The phone’s ringing.  9 ‘Bless you!’ ‘Thanks.’ make a cup of tea
What a lovely ring you’re wearing! 10 ‘Have a good weekend!’  ‘Same to you!’ listen to the radio
11 ‘Thank you very much indeed.’ relax on the sofa
T 1.4 Best friends ‘Not at all. Don’t mention it.’ do my homework
Shona  I have three or four good friends, but 12 ‘Make yourself at home.’ have a shower
I think my best friend is Kirsty. We first met ‘That’s very kind. Thank you.’ clear up the mess
when we were 12. She started at my school, and do the washing-up
the teacher asked me to look after her. We soon have or put posters on the wall
became friends. We looked quite funny together. cook a meal
She’s very tall, and I’m quite small! Because we Unit 2 send emails
grew up together, we know everything about put on make-up
each other. So Kirsty knows me better than T 2.1 read magazines
anyone else. I can always talk to her about my
problems. She always listens and then gives me d Well, my country’s got a population of … er T 2.5 A 24/7 Society
good advice! I hope I do the same for her. We … about three and a half million, so it’s not a P = Presenter  I = Interviewer  Je = Jerry
are both married now, and we live quite near big place. Most of the people are from A = Afzal  Do = Doreen  Da = Dan
each other, but in different towns. We talk on Europe, but about twelve per cent are Maori P Good morning, and welcome to today’s

118 Tapescripts  1.1 – 2.5

 lifestyle programme A 24/7 society. Over all good friends, and the work is more S That’s OK. It’s just that I don’t like being
eight million people now work at night. relaxed. Customers aren’t in a hurry at 2 called Steve for some reason. I’ve been
What do they do, and why do they need to o’clock in the morning! teaching here for five years.
do it? Our reporter, Richard Morris, finds I Are there any disadvantages? J And do you enjoy it?
out. Do Well, it’s bad for you! You need to look after S Yes, very much. I meet a lot of people
I Well, it’s 8pm on a Thursday night, and I’m your health. If you don’t, you get ill. But it’s from all sorts of different countries, and I
in a BMW car factory, where they make the OK for me – I could never sleep at night, really like that. Are you enjoying it here?
Mini. The night workers are arriving now. anyway! J Oh, yes, very much. I’m learning a lot of
With me is Jerry Horne. Jerry, tell me, what … English, and I’m making a lot of friends.
hours do you work? The family I’m staying with are very
Je I work 12 hours a night, four times a week. I Well, it’s 4 o’clock in the morning, and friendly. And even the weather’s good
I And do you like it? I’m feeling very sleepy! I’m in the local most of the time!
Je Well, it was difficult at first, but it’s OK supermarket with Dan. So, Dan, when did S Well, you can’t depend on that! Can I get
now. And the money’s good. I can earn you start work? you a coffee, Jamal?
much more working at night. Da At midnight. I finish in two hours’ time at 6 J Sure, that would be great. There’s enough
I Why do people work at night here? o’clock. But some weeks I work during the time before classes, isn’t there?
Je Because the robots do! The robots make a day. The difficult thing is changing from S Yes, it’s only …
lot of each car, but we finish them. And the day working to night working.
Mini is very popular, so we need to make I Any other problems? T 2.7 T 2.7
200,000 a year! Da Well, often it isn’t easy to see my friends.
1 What a lovely day it is today!
I That’s amazing! Are there any problems They’re going out and I’m going to work!
Yes. Beautiful, isn’t it?
working at night? And at weekends, sometimes I sleep all day.
2 It’s very wet today.
Je Well, the main problem is that you need My mum doesn’t like that much!
Mm. Horrible. Makes you feel miserable,
to be very careful between the hours of 1 I So why do you do it?
doesn’t it?
o’clock and 3 o’clock in the morning. That’s Da For the money, really. And I don’t mind
3 How are you today?
when accidents happen. working at night.
I’m very well, thanks. How about you?
I Right. Thanks, Jerry. And have a good I Thanks, Dan. So there you are. I’m off to
4 Did you have a nice weekend?
night! bed now. Good night!
Yes, it was lovely. We had lunch and went
… for a walk.
T 2.6 5 How do you find living in London?
I It’s nearly midnight, and most people are in
bed already. But I’m driving around the city J = James   H = Hans I’m enjoying it. It was a bit strange at first,
streets in a taxi, belonging to Afzal Akram. 1 J Hello. What’s your name? but I’m getting used to it.
What time do you start your shift Afzal? H Hans. 6 Did you have a good journey?
A About 11.30 usually. There are usually J I’m James. I’m a teacher. And … where Yes, no problems. The plane was a bit late,
plenty of customers at that time, wanting are you from? but it didn’t matter.
to get home after a night out, and that can H Berlin. 7 Did you watch the football yesterday?
last till about 2.00 in the morning. But the J What do you do? No, I missed it. Was it a good game?
real business comes after that, on airport H I’m a student. 8 What a lovely jacket you’re wearing!
trips. Lots of people fly in the early hours of J Mm. And … how long have you been Thank you. I got it in Paris last year.
the morning, to get the cheap tickets. They here in London, Hans? 9 If you have any problems, just ask me for help.
know they’ll need a taxi to the airport at that H Two months. Thank you very much. That’s very kind of
time, but it’s still a cheap way to get off on J Are you having a good time? you.
holiday. H Mm … Yes. 10 Excuse me. Is this your scarf?
I So is that families? J Can I get you a coffee? Yes, it is. Thank you. Where did you find it?
A Yes. With kids usually – they’re either H No.
incredibly excited to be up at that time and J Are you missing your family at all?
going on holiday, or fast asleep!
I Do you prefer the night shift to the day
H No.
J Have you got any brothers or sisters? Unit 3
shift? H Yes.
A Definitely. You get a bit of trouble from J Er … Oh! Er … what do they do?
H They are students too. T 3.1 see p22
younger people sometimes, but generally
people are friendlier during the night. J Oh well, I’ve got a class now. Goodbye,
There’s something about being out alone Hans. T 3.2 T 3.2
with a stranger when the rest of the world H Bye. 1 Mr Yilmaz took the Schumacher family to
is asleep – I think people feel a strong S = Steven   J = Jamal Berlin.
connection with you, and they open up 2 S Hello, what’s your name? 2 Schumacher gave Mr Yilmaz a 60 euro tip.
sometimes. And obviously, it’s a dream to J Jamal. And what’s your name? 3 They drove along small country roads.
drive on empty streets, not a car to be seen S Steven. Where are you from, Jamal? 4 Schumacher drove very slowly.
most of the time. I try to finish by 7.00, J I come from Dubai, the fastest growing 5 The Schumachers missed their plane.
before the traffic starts up. You just have city in the world. And you Steve, where 6 A man offered Mr Yilmaz 30 thousand euro
to keep a careful eye on the speedometer do you come from? for his taxi.
in case there’s a bored policeman driving S I’m from Scotland. What do you do in
around! Dubai, Jamal? T 3.3 T 3.3
… J I’m an architect. asked tried liked stopped
I It’s now 1 o’clock in the morning and I’m in S Oh, really? showed carried believed planned
the Co-op bank. I’m sitting next to Doreen. J Yes. And Dubai’s a good place to be an wanted used
At night this telephone banking centre only architect. There’s an incredible amount of walked
has six workers. Doreen, what hours do you new construction going on there. started
work? S How interesting.
Do I work from Sunday to Wednesday from J How long have you been a teacher, Steve? T 3.4
10pm to 7am. S It’s Steven actually, not Steve.   1 I broke a cup, but I mended it with glue.
I Aha. And what do you think of the job? J Oh, I’m so sorry. I thought you said   2 I felt ill, so I went to bed.
Do I love it! We’re like a family at night. We’re Steve.   3 I made a sandwich because I was hungry.

Tapescripts  2.6 – 3.4 119

   4 I had a shower and washed my hair. HW Thank you, Holmes. It was a lucky chance 2 ‘Ouch! There’s something in my eye!’
  5 I lost my passport, but then I found it at the that you were staying in town at this time. ‘Let me look. No, I can’t see anything.’
back of a drawer. 3 ‘Let’s go somewhere exciting for our holidays.’
  6 I called the police because I heard a strange T 3.8 T 3.8 ‘But we can’t go anywhere that’s too
noise.   1 I asked the teacher for help, but expensive.’
  7 I ran out of coffee, so I bought some more. unfortunately, I didn’t understand his 4 ‘I’m so unhappy. Nobody loves me.’
  8 I forgot to call him, so I said sorry. explanation. ‘I know somebody who loves you. Me.’
  9 The phone rang, so I answered it.   2 Please, can you help me translate this into 5 I lost my glasses. I looked everywhere, but I
10 I told a joke but nobody laughed. English? couldn’t find them.
  3 My English improved a lot after I lived in 6 ‘Did you buy anything at the shops?’
T 3.5 see p24 London for a month. ‘No, nothing. I didn’t have any money.’
  4 Watch out! Be careful or you’ll fall. 7 I’m bored. I want something interesting to
T 3.6   5 There are many differences between my two read, or someone interesting to talk to, or
children. They aren’t similar at all. somewhere interesting to go.
He was living
  6 Motor racing is a very dangerous sport. 8 It was a great book. Everyone loved it.
He was doing
They were looking   7 Didn’t you enjoy the lecture? I thought it
They were missing was really interesting. T 4.4 see p33
  8 Thank you for your advice. It was very
T 3.7 Sherlock Holmes helpful. T 4.5
  9 The United Nations is an international 1 A Hello. Can I help you?
SH = Sherlock Holmes   HW = Henry Weaver
organization. B I’m just looking, thanks.
G = Mr Gresham
10 We received an invitation to Ted and Sarah’s B I’m looking for a sweater like this, but in
HW Tell me, Holmes. What have you found wedding. blue. Have you got one?
out? Can the examination take place?
A I’ll just have a look. What size are you?
SH Yes, the mystery is solved. T 3.9 B Medium.
HW But who …? Which student …?
  1 When I arrived at the hotel, I unpacked my A Here you are.
SH Please ask Mr Gresham to join us.
suitcase. B That’s great. Can I try it on?
HW Gresham, can you come here, please?
  2 I can’t do maths. For me, it’s an impossible A Of course. The changing rooms are over
G What is it? What’s happened?
subject. there.
SH Close the door, Mr Gresham. Now, tell me
  3 I don’t dislike fish. I just prefer meat. B I like it.
honestly, why did you do it? How did you
  4 In England, it’s very impolite to ask A It fits you very well.
do it?
someone how much they earn. B How much is it?
G Oh, no! I’m sorry, so sorry.
  5 Don’t go into my bedroom. It’s really A £39.99.
SH Come, come Mr Gresham, perhaps it’s
untidy. B OK. I’ll have it.
easier if I speak. You see, when I learnt
  6 I was unemployed for two years. Then I got A How would you like to pay?
that you, Gresham, were an athlete and a
a job in an office. B Cash.
long jumper, I understood immediately.
  7 ‘I think learning languages is stupid.’ 2 A Could you help me? I’m looking for this
This is what happened. That afternoon
‘I disagree. I think it’s a good idea.’ month’s edition of Top Gear. Can you
you were returning from practising your
  8 The thief stole my bag, ran into the crowd tell me where it is?
sport. You were carrying your jumping
and disappeared. I never saw him again. B Over there. Middle shelf. Next to Max
shoes. You passed your tutor’s window and
  9 It’s illegal to drive if you aren’t insured. Power.
because you are very tall you could see the
10 You gave her more money than me! That’s 3 A Hello. I wonder if you could help me. I’ve
papers on his desk. Then you saw that the
unfair! got a bad cold and a sore throat. Can you
door was open, so you entered, put your
give me something for it?
shoes down on the desk and moved to the
T 3.10 see p29 B OK. You can take these three times a day.
window to copy the papers. Am I right so
A Thank you. Could I have some tissues as
far?
G Yes, Yes. T 3.11 see p29 well, please?
B Sure. Anything else?
SH Suddenly you heard your tutor at the side
T 3.12 T 3.12 A No, that’s all, thanks.
door. You picked up your shoes, leaving
June the fourth 4 A Good morning. Can I have a black coffee,
some mud on the desk, and ran into the
the fifth of August please?
bedroom. What you didn’t see was that
the thirty-first of July B Espresso?
as you climbed out of the window, more
March the first A Yes, please. Oh, and a doughnut, please.
mud from your shoes fell to the floor. This
February the third B I’m afraid there aren’t any left. We’ve got
morning, early, I went to the sports ground
the twenty-first of January, nineteen eighty-eight some delicious carrot cake, and chocolate
and collected a sample of the same mud. Is
December the second, nineteen ninety-six cake.
this all correct, Mr Gresham?’
the fifth of April, nineteen eighty A OK. Carrot cake, then.
G Yes, it is. I feel so bad, so guilty and
June the eleventh, nineteen sixty-five B Certainly. Is that all?
ashamed. But can I just show you this, Mr
the eighteenth of October, two thousand A Yes, thanks.
Weaver?
January the thirty-first, two thousand and five B That’ll be £2.85, please.
HW What is it?
A Thank you.
G It’s a letter. I wrote it in the middle of the
night. Read it, please. In it I say how sorry T 4.6
I am for what I did.
HW Ah yes. And you say you are not going to
Unit 4 1 A Two coffees, please.
take the examination. Oh, and you’re going B Two pounds eighty, please.
to leave the university and go to Africa. T 4.1 see p30 2 A How much is this sweater?
G Yes, I am. B Twenty-eight pounds fifty.
HW Gresham, I am really pleased to hear that. T 4.2 see p31 3 A A white loaf and three rolls, please.
SH Well, Mr Weaver, Mr Gresham, time for B That’ll be one pound eighty-two p.
my breakfast, I think. I hope the exams go T 4.3 T 4.3 4 A How much do I owe you?
well, Mr Weaver. Good luck in Africa, Mr B Twelve dollars and twenty cents.
1 ‘Did you meet anyone interesting at the 5 A How much was your car?
Gresham. Goodbye. conference?’ B Fifteen thousand dollars.
‘Yes. I met someone who knows you!’

120 Tapescripts  3.5 – 4.6

6 A What a fantastic house! T 5.3 to staying in.
B Darling! It cost half a million pounds! 1 ‘What are the lads doing this afternoon?’ R Well why don’t you come round to my place?
7 A Just this book, please. ‘They’re going to see a football match. United I’ll cook us a really hot curry. That will help
B Five pounds ninety-nine, then. are playing at home.’ your cold.
8 A How much was the cheque for? 2 ‘Oh, dear! I’ve dropped my bag.’ S That does sound good. I’ll see how I feel
B A hundred and sixty dollars. ‘I’ll pick it up for you.’ later and let you know. Oh, there’s Jeff
‘Thank you. That’s very kind.’ Armstrong now.
3 ‘Is Tom on a work trip?’ J Morning, Rob! Morning Simon! Simon,
Unit 5 ‘Yes he’s going to visit someone in Malaysia.’ could you come and see me after the meeting?
I want to look at your report over lunch. And
‘That sounds like an interesting place to go.’
4 ‘The phone’s ringing.’ by the way, the photocopier’s broken and
T 5.1 T 5.1 ‘It’s OK. I’ll answer it. I’m expecting a call.’ someone said that you might know what’s
5 ‘I haven’t got any money.’ wrong with it …
1 Sean
When I grow up, I want to be a footballer ‘Don’t worry. I’ll lend you some.’
‘Thanks. I’ll pay you back tomorrow. I won’t T 5.6
and play for Manchester United, because I
want to earn lots of money. After that, I’m forget.’ 1 ‘I feel nervous. I’ve got an exam today.’
going to be an astronaut, and fly in a rocket 6 ‘What are you and Pete doing this evening?’ ‘Good luck! Do your best.’
to Mars and Jupiter. And I’d like all the ‘We’re going to have a meal in town. There’s 2 ‘I don’t feel very well. I think I’m getting the
people in the world and all the animals in the a new restaurant we want to try.’ ’flu.’
world to be happy. ‘Why don’t you go home to bed?’
2 Mel T 5.4 3 ‘I’m feeling a lot better, thanks. I’ve got a lot
I’ve finished my first year at Bristol 1 ‘My bag is so heavy.’  ‘Give it to me …’ more energy.’
University, and now I’m going to have a year 2 I bought some warm boots because … ‘That’s good. I’m pleased to hear it.’
off. My brother and I are going round the 3 ‘Tony’s back from holiday.’ 4 ‘I’m really excited. I’m going on holiday to
world. We hope to find work as we go. I really ‘Is he? I …’ Australia tomorrow.’
want to meet people from all over the world, 4 What are you doing this evening? ‘That’s great. Have a good time.’
and see how different people live their lives. 5 You can tell me your secret. 5 ‘I’m fed up with this weather. It’s so wet and
3 Kamal 6 Congratulations! I hear … miserable.’
What I’d really like to do, because I’m mad 7 I need to post these letters. ‘I know. We really need some sunshine, don’t
about TV and everything to do with TV, is to 8 What about holidays. Where … we?’
become a TV presenter. I’m getting married 6 ‘I’m really tired. I couldn’t get to sleep last
next June, so I can’t do anything about it yet, T 5.5 T 5.5 night.’
but I’m going to start applying for jobs this ‘Poor you! That happens to me sometimes. I
R = Rob   S = Simon   J = Jeff
time next year. just read in bed.’
R Simon! Come on! We’re going to be late!
4 Martyn 7 ‘I’m a bit worried. My grandfather’s going
S Late for what?
My great passion is writing. I write detective into hospital for tests.’
R We have a meeting with Jeff Armstrong at
novels. Three have been published already. ‘I’m sorry to hear that, but I’m sure he’ll be
12.30. It’s not a great idea to be late for a
But my secret ambition … and this would be all right.’
meeting with your new manager.
the best thing in my life … I would love to 8 ‘I feel really depressed at the moment.
S Oh, yes. OK, I’m coming. I’m just trying to
have one of my novels made into a TV series. Nothing’s going right in my life.’
finish this report.
That would be fantastic. ‘Cheer up! Things can’t be that bad!’
R You look terrible. Are you alright?
5 Amy S No, not at all. I’ve got a cold, and I have a
We’re thinking of moving, because the kids
are leaving home soon. Meg’s eighteen, she’s
really bad headache. It makes it very painful
to look at a computer screen. Unit 6
doing her A levels this year, so with a bit of R Why don’t you go home then?
luck, she’ll be off to university next year. And S I’d love to go home, but I can’t. I’ve got
Kate’s fifteen. Jack and I both enjoy walking, another really important meeting this T 6.1 Todd’s tennis tour
and Jack likes fishing, so we’re going to move afternoon. That’s why I’m doing this report T = Todd   E = Ellen
to the country. now, for that meeting. E You’re so lucky, Todd. You travel all over the
6 Alison R Mmm. You’re not having a good time today, world. I never leave Chicago!
Well, I've just broken my arm, so what I are you? T Yeah – but it’s hard work. I just practise,
really want to do is go back to the health club S You’ve no idea how bad it is! Everything’s practise, practise and play tennis all the time.
as soon as possible. I really enjoy swimming. going wrong. I had an accident with the I don’t get time to see much.
At my age, it’s important to stay physically photocopier this morning. I dropped some E What about last year? Where did you go?
fit, and I want to be able to go off travelling pages from my report down the back of it, Tell me about it.
without feeling unwell. I’m going to retire and then I spilt some coffee over the wires at T Well – in January I was in Melbourne, for
next year, and I’m looking forward to having the back of the machine when I was trying the Australian Open. It’s a beautiful city, sort
more time to do the things I want to do. to get them out. It made some horrible of big and very cosmopolitan, like Chicago.
noises and then went completely dead. And There’s a nice mixture of old and new
T 5.2 I couldn’t get the pages out, so I’m retyping buildings. January’s their summer so it was
1 A I hope to go to university. them now. hot when I was there.
B What do you want to study? R Can’t you get Brian to finish the report. It’s E And what’s Dubai like? When were you
2 A One of my favourite hobbies is cooking. his project too, isn’t it? there?
B What do you like making? S Yes, but he’s gone out for lunch. He said he T In February. We went from Australia to
3 A I get terrible headaches. had to go shopping for something for his wife. Dubai for the Dubai Tennis Open. Boy is
B When did you start getting them? R Ah, I think it’s going to be a working lunch Dubai hot! Hot, very dry, very modern. Lots
4 A We’re planning our summer holidays at for you then. I’ll help you if I have time. And of really modern buildings, white buildings.
the moment. why don’t we go out for a meal after work? Interesting place, I enjoyed it.
B Where are you thinking of going? I’m sure that will do you good. E And Paris! That’s where I want to go! What’s
5 A I’m tired. S Oh, thanks Rob. You’re a real friend. But I Paris like?
B What would you like to do this evening? don’t really want to sit in a noisy, crowded T Everything that you imagine! Very beautiful,
restaurant this evening. I’m looking forward wonderful old buildings but lots of
interesting modern ones too.

Tapescripts  5.1 – 6.1 121

 T 6.2 What’s Chicago like? inside, in the houses, it’s always very warm, 6 ‘His sister’s so stupid.’
T = Todd   Y = You much warmer than at home. Swedish ‘Well, she’s certainly not very clever.’
1 Y What’s the weather like? people always complain that when they visit
T Well, Chicago’s called ‘the windy city’ England the houses are cold even in a good T 6.10 Giving directions
and it really can be windy! winter. In Sweden the houses are much You go down the path, past the pond, over the
2 Y What are the people like? better insulated than in Britain and they bridge, and out of the gate. Then you go across
T They’re very interesting. You meet people always have the heating on very high. the road and take the path through the wood.
from all over the world. F And what about the darkness? When you come out of the wood you walk up
3 Y What are the buildings like? J Well, yeah, towards the end of December, the path and go across the road. It takes five
T A lot of them are very, very tall. The Sears there’s only one hour of daylight – so you minutes.
Tower is 110 storeys high. really look forward to the spring. It is
4 Y What are the restaurants like? sometimes a bit depressing but you see the
T They’re very good. You can find food
from every country in the world.
summers are amazing – from May to July, in
the north of Sweden, the sun never sets, it’s
Unit 7
5 Y What’s the night-life like? still light at midnight, you can walk in the
T Oh, it’s wonderful. There’s a lot to do in mountains and read a newspaper.
F Oh, yeah – the land of the midnight sun.
T 7.1
Chicago.
J That’s right. But it’s wonderful, you want to 1 He wrote novels about Victorian life. She
T 6.3 Todd’s world tour stay up all night and the Swedes make the writes novels about modern people and their
most of it. Often they start work earlier in relationships.
Melbourne was interesting, but, for me, Paris 2 He wrote 47 novels, travel books,
summer and then leave at about two or three
was more interesting than Melbourne, and in biographies, and short stories. She has
in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy
some ways Dubai was the most interesting of all written more than twenty-five novels. She
the long summer evenings. They like to work
because it was so different from any other place I started writing in her thirties.
hard but play hard too. I think Londoners
know. It was also the hottest, driest, and most 3 She has lived in the west of England for forty
work longer hours, but I’m not sure this is a
modern. It was hot in Melbourne but not as hot years. He lived in Ireland for eighteen years.
good thing.
as in Dubai. Dubai was much hotter! Melbourne 4 She has been married twice, and has two
F So what about free time? Weekends?
is much older than Dubai but not as old as Paris. daughters. She married for the first time in
Holidays? What do Swedish people like
Paris was the oldest city I visited, but it has some 1966. He was married and had two sons.
doing?
great modern buildings, too. It was the most
J Well, every house in Sweden has a sauna …
beautiful place. I loved it. T 7.2
F Every house!?
T 6.4 see p48 J Well, every house I’ve been to. And most 1 Anthony Trollope travelled to South Africa,
people have a country cottage, so people like Australia, Egypt, and the West Indies. Joanna
T 6.5 see p48 to leave the town and get back to nature at Trollope has travelled to many parts of the
weekends. These cottages are sometimes world.
T 6.6 Conversations quite primitive, – no running water or not 2 She has won many awards, and several of her
even toilets and … stories have appeared on TV.
1 A I moved to a new flat last week. F No toilet ? 3 Her first book came out in 1980. Since then,
B Oh, really? What’s it like? J Well, some don’t have toilets but they all she has sold over six million copies.
A Well, it’s bigger than my old one but it have a sauna. After the sauna they run and 4 She went to school in the south of England,
isn’t as modern, and it’s further from the jump into the lake to get cool. and studied English at Oxford University,
shops. F What!? Even in winter? but she has lived in the country for most of
2 A I hear Martin’s got a new boss. J Yeah – Swedish people are very healthy. her life.
B Yeah. He started work last week. F Brrr! Or mad! 5 She writes her books by hand. She has had
B Oh, really? What’s he like? the same pen since 1995.
A Well, he’s much nicer than his old boss T 6.8 Synonyms
and much more intelligent. Martin’s T 7.3
happier now than he’s been for a long 1 ‘Mary’s family is very rich.’
time. ‘Well, I knew her uncle was very wealthy.’ 1 How long has she lived in the west of
3 A We have a new teacher. 2 ‘Look at all these new buildings!’ England?
B Oh, really? What’s she like? ‘Yes. Paris is much more modern than I For forty years.
A Well, I think she’s the best teacher we’ve expected.’ 2 What did she study at university?
ever had. Our last teacher was good but 3 ‘Wasn’t that football match exciting!’ English.
she’s even better and she works us much ‘Yes, it was brilliant.’ 3 How many novels has she written?
harder. 4 ‘George doesn’t earn much money, but he’s More than twenty-five.
4 A Is that your new car? so kind.’ 4 How many books has she sold?
B Well, it’s second-hand, but it’s new to me. ‘He is, isn’t he? He’s one of the most generous Over six million.
A What’s it like? people I know.’ 5 When did her first novel come out?
B Well, it’s faster than my old car and more 5 ‘Ann’s bedroom’s really untidy again!’ In 1980.
comfortable, but it’s more expensive to ‘Is it? I told her it was messy yesterday, and 6 How many times has she been married?
run. I love it! she promised to clean it.’ Twice.
6 ‘I’m bored with this lesson!’ 7 Has she got any children?
T 6.7 ‘I know, I’m really fed up with it, too!’ Yes, two daughters.
8 How long has she had her pen?
Jane Bland talks about living in Sweden T 6.9 Antonyms Since 1995.
J = Jane   F = Fran, a friend
J When I say that I live in Sweden, everyone 1 ‘London’s such an expensive city.’
‘Well, it’s not very cheap.’ T 7.5
always wants to know about the seasons …
F The seasons? 2 ‘Paul and Sue are so mean.’ 1 I’ve known my best friend for years. We met
J Yeah … you know, how cold it is in winter – ‘They’re certainly not very generous.’ when we were 10.
what it’s like when the days are so short. 3 ‘Their house is always so messy.’ 2 I last went out for a meal two weeks ago. The
F So what is it like? ‘Mmm … it’s not very tidy.’ food was awful.
J Well, it is cold, very cold in winter, 4 ‘Their children are so noisy.’ 3 I’ve had this watch for three years. My dad
sometimes as cold as –26° and of course ‘Yes, they’re certainly not very quiet.’ gave it to me.
when you go out you wrap up warm, but 5 ‘John looks so miserable.’ 4 We’ve used this book since the beginning of
‘Hmm, he’s not very happy.’ term. It’s not bad. I quite like it.

122 Tapescripts  6.2 – 7.4

5 We lived in our old flat from 1988 to 1996. Korean, and the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix– but ‘Have you got the time, please?’
We moved because we needed somewhere I came second in Abu Dhabi two years ago! ‘No, I haven’t. I’m so sorry.’
bigger. I That’s incredible. So what do you think 4 ‘Can you play any sports?’
6 We haven’t had a break for an hour. I really makes you such a successful driver? ‘Yes.’
need a cup of coffee. B Well, I think it really all depends on making ‘Can you play any sports?’
7 I last had a holiday in 1999. I went camping the right decisions. It’s not about driving ‘Yes, I can, actually. I can play tennis.’
with some friends. fast, it’s actually about planning, and quick
8 This building has been a school since 1985. thinking, and doing the right thing at the
Before that it was an office.
I
right time.
And now the big question everyone’s asking.
Unit 8
T 7.5 Is it true that next year will be your last as a
A Where do you live, Olga? Formula One driver? T 8.1 Steven’s job
B In a flat near the park. B Oh, I still haven’t decided on that. But I
certainly don’t want to stop at the moment. I = Interviewer   S = Steven
A How long have you lived there? I What sort of hours do you work, Steven?
B For three years. You know, the amazing thing is that I still
get very excited when I get into the car at the S Well, I have to work very long hours, about
A And why did you move? eleven hours a day.
B We wanted to live in a nicer area. beginning of a race – just as excited as when
I got into my first Formula One car in 1996. I What time do you start?
You talk about excitement… what about S I work nine till three, then I start again at
T 7.6 I
five thirty and work until eleven. Six days a
fear? Have you ever felt afraid on the track?
I = I nterviewer   B = Bruno Cruz week. So I have to work very unsocial hours.
B Of course I have! A bit of fear is a good thing
… and that’s all the traffic news. Back to you, I And do you have to work at the weekend?
to have if you want to stay alive! But I’m
Andrew. S Oh, yes. That’s our busiest time. I get
lucky, I missed the really dangerous years of
I Thanks Roger. Well, everyone’s been very Wednesdays off.
Formula One. There’s no reason to be really
excited here at Sporting Talk since we heard I What are some of the things you have to do,
afraid any more, not compared with the
that our next guest was coming in for an and some of the things you don’t have to do?
past. There hasn’t been a death in Formula
interview. And here he is in the studio, S Er … I don’t have to do the washing-up, so
One for nearly twenty years now, since the
Formula One Champion yet again, Bruno that’s good! I have to wear white, and I have
great Ayrton Senna died in 1994, in the San
Cruz. Welcome to the programme, Bruno, to be very careful about hygiene. Everything
Marino Grand Prix. And that was a day after
and thank you so much for coming in. in the kitchen has to be totally clean.
another driver lost his life, in qualification.
B Thank you for having me. I What’s hard about the job?
Safety standards have got so much better
I You’ve had an incredible year, Bruno, S You’re standing up all the time. When we’re
since then.
haven’t you? busy, people get angry and shout, but that’s
I And we’re all very thankful for that. So, we
B Yes, it’s been amazing. I’ve just got back normal.
wish you all the best for next season. And
from Brazil. It was incredible to win there I How did you learn the profession?
thank you again for coming to talk to us.
again, in front of my own people – it’s always S Well, I did a two-year course at college. In
B My pleasure. And many thanks to all my fans
very special. I needed a good rest afterwards, the first year we had to learn the basics, and
out there – your support means a lot to me.
so I’ve just had a wonderful holiday in Brazil then we had to take exams.
with my family. T 7.7 I Was it easy to find a job?
I Now, it seems that you’ve always been on the S I wrote to about six hotels, and one of them
racing scene Bruno. How long have you been 1 ‘Do you still play tennis?’ gave me my first job, so I didn’t have to wait
in the business? ‘Not regularly. Just now and then, when I too long.
B Er, fifteen years in Formula One. I drove have time.’ I And what are the secrets of being good at
Formula Three before that. 2 This is a pretty relaxed place to work. There your job?
I How did you start? aren’t many do’s and don’ts. S Attention to detail. You have to love it. You
B Like most racing drivers, I started with 3 Here you are at last! I’ve been so worried! have to be passionate about it.
go-karting – when I was at primary school – Thank goodness you’ve arrived safe and I And what are your plans for the future?
but I’ve always been crazy about racing, for sound. S I want to have my own place. When the
as long as I can remember. My father was 4 ‘Do you like your new job?’ time’s right.
a sports journalist, and he took me to my ‘Yes and no. The money’s OK, but I don’t like
first Grand Prix in 1986, when I was 12. I the people.’ T 8.2 T 8.2
loved it. When I left school, I joined a driver 5 Sometimes there are too many people in the
house. I go into the garden for a bit of peace 1 I have a good job.
development program with my first team, so I have to work hard.
I’ve always been a racing driver – I’ve never and quiet.
6 Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. It gives 2 He has a nice car.
done anything else. She has to get up early.
I And you’ve driven with quite a few different me great pleasure to talk to you all tonight.
7 ‘How’s your gran?’ 3 I had a good time.
teams over the years, haven’t you? I had to take exams.
B Yes, I certainly have. I’ve raced with Jordan, ‘Up and down. There are good days, and then
Jaguar, both no longer with us, of course. not such good days.’
8 ‘Here’s supper. Careful! It’s hot.
T 8.3 T 8.3
And… then there was Toyota – another team
that hasn’t lasted as long as my racing career! ‘Fish and chips! Yummy!’ 1 ‘I’m working 16 hours a day’.
And then Black Bull, and now Toro Bianco. ‘I think you should talk to your boss.’
I And how long have you been with Toro T 7.8 2 ‘I can’t sleep.’
Bianco now? 1 ‘Do you like learning English, Elsa?’ ‘You shouldn’t drink coffee at night.’
B Since 2008. They asked me to join them just ‘Yes.’ 3 ‘I get seasick very easily.’
after I won my fifth driver’s championship. ‘Do you like learning English, Elsa?’ ‘I don’t think you should go on that boat trip
They’re a great team. And when you’ve ‘Yes, I do. I love it. It’s the language of next week.’
worked with so many different teams, you Shakespeare.’ 4 ‘I’ve had a terrible toothache for weeks.’
know how important they are for the driver. 2 ‘Are those new jeans you’re wearing?’ ‘You must go to the dentist!’
I So that’s seven championships you’ve won ‘No.’
now? ‘Are those new jeans you’re wearing?’ T 8.4 Holidays in January
B That’s right. And what I’m really proud of ‘No, they aren’t. I’ve had them for ages.’
is that I’ve won on every Grand Prix circuit 3 ‘Have you got the time, please?’ 1 Silvia
in the world, apart from the new ones, the ‘No.’ In January the weather is wonderful. It’s the
most perfect time of year, not too hot, not

Tapescripts  7.5 – 8.4 123

 too cold, but the temperature can change T 8.5 see p67 4 After I leave university I'm going to graduate
a lot in just one day. It can go from quite and get a job.
chilly to very warm, so you should perhaps T 8.6 5 While I’m in Dubai, I’ll do some shopping.
bring a jacket but you don’t need any thick 6 I’m going to travel the world before I get too
alarm clock hairdrier
winter clothes. The capital city is the most old.
car park sunset
populated city in the world and there are lots
traffic lights earring T 9.3
of things to see and do there. We have lots
credit card signpost
of very old, historic buildings. We are very M = Mary   P = Paul
ice-cream bookcase
proud of our history. But you should also M Bye, darling. Have a good trip to New York.
sunglasses rush hour
go to the coast. We have beautiful beaches. P Thanks. I’ll ring you as soon as I arrive at the
timetable text message
Perhaps you’ve heard of Acapulco. hotel.
raincoat earthquake
   You don’t need a lot of money to enjoy M Fine. Remember I’m going to my mother's
your holiday. There are lots of good cheap this evening.
hotels and restaurants, and of course you T 8.7 P Well, if you’re out when I ring, I’ll leave a
must visit the markets. You can buy all kinds D = Doctor   H = Hassan message on the answer phone, so you’ll know
of pottery and things quite cheaply, and don’t D Hello. Come and sit down. What seems to be I’ve arrived safely.
forget our wonderful fruit and vegetables. the matter? M Great! What time do you expect you’ll be
We have one hundred different kinds of H Well, I haven’t felt very well for a few days. there?
pepper. You should try tacos, which are a I’ve got a bit of a temperature, and I just feel P If the plane arrives on time, I’ll be at the hotel
kind of bread filled with meat, beans, and terrible. I’ve got stomach ache as well. about 10.00.
salad. And our fruit juices are very good. D Have you felt sick? M All right. Give me a ring as soon as you know
2 Fatima H I’ve been sick a few times. the time of your flight back, and I’ll meet you
It’s usually quite mild in January, and it D Mm. Let me have a look at you. Your glands at the airport.
doesn’t often rain, so you don’t have to bring aren’t swollen. Have you got a sore throat? P Thanks, darling. Don’t forget to water the
warm clothes. But you’ll need a light coat or H No, I haven’t. plants while I’m away.
a jumper because it can get cool in the D Have you had diarrhoea at all? M Don’t worry. I won’t. Bye!
evenings. H Yes, I have, actually.
   There is so much to see and do. We have D Have you had anything to eat recently which
some wonderful museums, especially the might have disagreed with you?
museum of Islamic Art and the mosques are H No, I don’t think so … Oh! I went to a
beautiful, but of course what everyone wants barbecue a few days ago and the chicken
to see is the Pyramids. You must visit the wasn’t properly cooked.
Pyramids. Go either early in the morning or D It could be that, or just something that was
late in the afternoon, the light is much better left out of the fridge for too long.
then. And if you have time you should take a H Yes, I started being ill that night.
cruise down the Nile, that’s really interesting, D Well, you should have a day or two in bed,
you can visit all sorts of places that are and I’ll give you something that will look
difficult to get to by land. after the stomach ache and diarrhoea. Drink
   The best place to try local food is in the plenty of liquids, and just take things easy for
city centre. You should try koftas and kebabs, a while. I’ll write you a prescription.
which are made of meat, usually lamb. You H Thank you. Do I have to pay you?
should also try falafel, which is a kind of ball D No, no. Seeing me is free, but you’ll have to
made of beans mixed with herbs, it’s fried pay for the prescription. It’s £7.
until it’s crispy. It’s delicious. One of the H Right. Thanks very much. Goodbye.
nicest things to drink is tea, mint tea. It’s D Bye-bye.
especially good if the weather is very hot, it’s
really refreshing.
3 Karl
Well, of course in January in my country it
Unit 9
can be very cold, with lots of snow
everywhere, so you must bring lots of warm T 9.1
clothes, coats and woolly hats, and, if you 1 We’re travelling round the world before we
can, snow boots. go to university.
   Many people go skiing in the mountains at 2 We’re going to leave as soon as we have
the weekends and when you are up so high enough money.
and the sky is blue, the sun can feel really 3 When we’re in Australia, we’re going to learn
quite hot - warm enough to have lunch to scuba dive on the Great Barrier Reef.
outside. You can even sunbathe, so you 4 If we get ill, we’ll look after each other.
should bring sun cream! But you don’t have 5 After we leave Australia, we’re going to the
to go skiing, there are lots of other things to USA.
do and see. A lot of our towns are very pretty. 6 We can stay with my American cousins while
They look exactly the same today as they we’re in Los Angeles.
did four hundred years ago. And we have 7 Our parents will be worried if we don’t keep
beautiful lakes. If the weather’s fine you in touch.
can go for a boat trip and you can get really 8 We’ll stay in the States until our visas run
wonderful views of the mountains all around, out.
from Lake Geneva you can sometimes see as
far as Mont Blanc. T 9.2
   The food you must try is fondue, which
1 When I get home, I’m going to play with my
is cheese melted in a pot. You put pieces of
son in the garden.
bread on long forks to get it out. Also you
2 As soon as this lesson finishes, I’m going to
could try rösti made with potatoes and cream
play football.
– mmm! They’re both delicious.
3 If I get this job, I’ll buy a car.

124 Tapescripts  8.5 – 9.4

 T 9.5 Unit 10 B So they did know that it was dangerous?
A Yes, but they didn’t want to worry the
1 I did some shopping while I was in Paris. I
bought myself a new sweater. passengers. The people just carried on eating
2 ‘I don’t know if I want coffee or tea.’ T 10.2 and enjoying themselves.
‘Make up your mind. You can’t have them 1 Now I usually go shopping at the weekend B But if they knew it was dangerous, why
both.’ and I play tennis. When I was a child, I used didn’t they just stop?
3 Bye-bye! See you soon. Take care of yourself. to go fishing with my father. A Well, the owner of the boat was on board, a
4 Aachoo! Oh dear. I think I’m getting a cold. 2 In the evening I used to watch TV and do my Mr Bruce Ismay, and he told the captain to
5 ‘Are the doors locked?’ homework. Now I read, or go out with go faster and faster, because he wanted the
‘I think so, but I’ll just make sure.’ friends. Titanic to be the fastest ship to cross the
3 We go to a hotel somewhere hot and just do Atlantic. The record was four days and
T 9.6 nothing. When I was young, we used to go nineteen hours …
camping in Europe. We went everywhere – B No! Really? But that’s terrible!
R = Receptionist  C = Client
France, Italy, Austria, Germany. A And then someone saw the iceberg in front
R Hello, the Grand Hotel. Cathy speaking.
4 I was very sporty. I used to play everything. of them. At first they thought it was too
How can I help you?
Rugby, tennis, swimming, hockey. Now I just small to do much damage, but in fact, the
C I’d like to make a reservation, please.
play tennis. iceberg was huge – about thirty metres
R Certainly. When is it for?
5 I like documentaries and sport. When I was a higher than the ship. And then the ship hit it.
C It’s for two nights, the thirteenth and the
kid, I used to like cartoons and comedies. B Why didn’t everyone just get off the ship
fourteenth of this month.
6 I liked all the things that kids like. Beans, immediately?
R And do you want a single or a double room?
pizza, fizzy drinks. I used to love chips. Still A Because they thought it was impossible for
C A single, please.
do. Now I eat everything. Except peppers. I the Titanic to sink. So no one started to get
R OK. Yes, that’s fine. I have a room for you.
really don’t like peppers. the lifeboats out for an hour. To begin with,
And your name is?
it was women and children first, but then
C Robert Palmer. Can you tell me how much it
is?
T 10.3 people started to realize that there weren’t
1 ‘I’m hungry. I need something to eat.’ enough lifeboats – there were only twenty –
R Yes. That’s £95 a night. Can I have a credit
‘Have a sandwich.’ and a lot of people were going to die.
card number, please?
2 ‘I’m going to a formal dinner, but I don’t B Is it true that the ship sank really quickly?
C Yes, sure. It’s a Visa. 4929 7983 0621 8849.
know what to wear.’ A Yes, it took just two hours after hitting the
R Thank you. And could I have a phone
‘I think you should wear your black dress.’ iceberg for the ship to sink.
number?
3 ‘My CD player’s broken. Can you show me B Incredible. How many people died?
C Uh huh. 01727 489962.
how to repair it?’ A About 1,500.
R That’s fine. We look forward to seeing you
‘I’m sorry. I haven’t a clue.’ B And how many survived?
on the thirteenth. Bye-bye.
4 ‘Don’t talk to me. I have nothing to say to A 706.
C Thanks a lot. Goodbye.
you.’
‘Oh, dear! What have I done wrong?’ T 10.7 see p85
5 ‘Do I turn left or right? I don’t know where
to go.’ T 10.8
‘Go straight on.’ 1 Their house is such a mess! I don’t know
6 ‘I’m bored. I haven’t got anything to do.’ how they live in it.
‘Why don’t you read the dictionary?’ 2 There were so many people at my wedding!
7 ‘Can you get some meat?’ We had to order more food.
‘Sure. Tell me how much to buy.’ 3 I’m so hungry! I could eat a horse.
‘A kilo.’ 4 Noor and Nabeel are such nice people! But I
8 ‘I feel lonely. I need somebody to talk to.’ can’t stand their kids.
‘Come and talk to me. I’m not doing 5 I’ve spent so much money this week! I don’t
anything.’ know where it’s all gone.
6 A present! For me? You’re so kind! You
T 10.4 T 10.4 really didn’t have to.
frightened terrified 7 We’ve had such a nice time! Thank you so
excited bored much for inviting us.
surprised exhausted 8 Molly’s such a clever child! She understands
every word I say.
T 10.5 see p81
T 10.6 The sinking of the Titanic Unit 11
A What do you know about the Titanic?
B The Titanic? You mean the ship that sank?
The one they called ‘the unsinkable’? T 11.1 The history of paper
A Yes, that’s right. The biggest ship of its time. Today, paper is used for hundreds of everyday
B Well, er … it was about a hundred years ago, things – books and newspapers, of course, but
wasn’t it? also money, stamps, cups, bags, and even some
A Yep, 1912, to be exact. clothes.
B And wasn’t it going across the Atlantic, from Long ago, before paper, people wrote on animal
England to New York? skins, bones, and stones. Then in 2700 bc, the
A That’s it. It left Southampton on 10 April Egyptians started to make papyrus, which was
1912 with 1,324 passengers on board and 900 similar to paper. But the first real paper was
crew members. And the night of Sunday the invented in ad 105 by a Chinese government
fourteenth, it was very clear and very cold,
and two other ships in the area actually told
them to be careful because there were
icebergs around.

Tapescripts  9.5 – 11.1 125

 official, Ts’ai Lun. It was made from a mixture of 7 Have you ever been homesick? Did you miss called ‘the Wrigley girls’. They walked up
plants and cloth. The Chinese kept their your family or your friends? and down the streets of Chicago and New
invention secret for centuries. Oh, yes, when I went on an exchange to York City handing out free gum. Millions
Finally, in the 10th century, paper was brought Germany when I was 16. I missed everybody. of pieces were given away. He also had huge
to Europe by the Arabs. The first European 8 What is the best advice you’ve ever been electric signs and billboards – one billboard
paper mill was built in Spain in 1150. Since the given? was a mile long, it ran along the side of the
18th century, most paper has been made out of If you can’t say anything nice, don’t say train track. So with all this, chewing gum
wood, because it is much stronger than cloth. anything at all. became very popular all over the USA. I
Nowadays, each person uses about 300 kg of understand it was even taken into space by
paper every year. That’s a lot of paper! T 11.5 The history of chewing gum the first astronauts.
P = Presenter   I = Interviewer P So what exactly is it made of?
T 11.2 T 11.2 LW  Well, the strangest thing about gum today is
LW = Leanne Ward, chewing gum expert
When was paper invented?   In ad 105. AB = Interviewees that nobody knows what it’s made of.
Where was the first real paper Nobody will tell you. The chewing gum
  invented?  In China. Part one
industry keeps the recipe top secret.
Who was it invented by?   Ts’ai Lun. P Today in Worldly Wise, the world’s most
When was it brought to Europe by the Arabs? common habit … .
Yes, chewing gum. We chew 100,000 tons of T 11.7
   In the 10th century.
it every year but how many of us actually 1 ‘Are we nearly there yet, Dad?’
Where was the first paper mill built?   In Spain.
know what it’s made of? ‘No. It’s miles to go, but we’ll stop soon and
How long has paper been made out of wood? 
I Excuse me, I see you’re chewing gum … have something to eat.’
   Since the 18th century.
How much paper is used by each person every A Yeah. 2 ‘How much is it to send this letter to
  year?  About 300 kg. I Have you got any idea what it’s made of? Australia?’
A Nah – no idea. Never thought about it. ‘Give it to me and I’ll weigh it. That’s …
T 11.3 I Have you any idea what chewing gum is £1.20.’
1 Paper is only used to make newspapers and made of? ‘OK. That’s fine.’
books. B … Er no, not a clue. Rubber maybe? 3 ‘Hi. Can I pay for my petrol, please?’
No, it isn’t. It is used to make hundreds of I And do you have any idea who invented it? ‘Which pump?’
everyday things. A The Americans? ‘Er … pump number … five.’
2 All clothes are made out of paper. B Yeah – sure – I reckon it was invented in ‘Forty-one pounds 78p, please.’
No, they aren’t. Only some are made out of America, yeah.
4 The 7.56 from Bristol is now arriving
paper. P Well no. It wasn’t the Americans who at platform 4. Virgin Rail would like to
3 Before paper, people wrote on trees. invented chewing gum. It was the Swedes. apologize for the late arrival of this service.
No, they didn’t. They wrote on animal skins, The Swedes, I hear you say? But listen to This was due to circumstances beyond our
bones, and stones. Leanne Ward, a chewing gum expert. control.
4 Paper was invented by a Chinese scientist. LW  The history of chewing gum goes back
No, it wasn’t. It was invented by a Chinese thousands of years. In Sweden in 1993, the
government official. skeleton of a teenager was found, he was nine Unit 12
5 The Chinese gave their invention to the thousand years old. And in his mouth was
world immediately. gum made of tree sap and sweetened with
No, they didn’t. They kept it secret for honey – the first known chewing gum. T 12.1 see p96
centuries. P It seems we’ve always chewed things of no
6 They made paper out of wood. real food value. Babies are born wanting to T 12.2
No, they didn’t. They made it out of a chew. Everything goes straight into their
mixture of plants and cloth. 1 ‘I have no money. What am I going to do?’
mouths. So why do we chew? Here’s Leanne ‘If I were you, I’d try to spend less.’
7 The first paper mill in Europe was built in again.
France. ‘what do you mean?’
LW  We chew to clean our teeth and freshen our ‘Well, you buy a lot of clothes, designer
No, it wasn’t. It was built in Spain. breath but also because we just like chewing.
8 Paper has been made out of cloth since the clothes. Stop buying such expensive clothes.’
The ancient Greeks chewed a gum called ‘But I like them!’
18th century. mastica, which is a type of tree sap. They
No, it hasn’t. It’s been made out of wood. 2 ‘I’ve got a toothache.’
thought it was good for their health and ‘Have you seen a dentist?’
T 11.4 women really enjoyed chewing it as a way ‘No.’
to sweeten their breath. Then in the first ‘Well, if I were you, I’d make an appointment
1 Do you always wear a watch? century AD we know that the Mayan Indians
Yes, all the time. Don’t you? right now.’
in South America liked to chew a tree sap, 3 ‘I find it difficult to wake up in the morning.'
2 Are you good at telling jokes? called chiclay. They wrapped it in leaves and
No, I’m hopeless. I can never remember the 'Why's that?'
put it in their mouths, so this was, if you 'I always feel like I need more sleep.'
ending. like, the first packet of chewing gum. The
3 What was the last present you gave? Who to? 'If I were you, I'd go to bed earlier.'
American Indians also chewed tree sap – 'Yes, I really must do that.'
Mmmm. I think it was when I gave some they gave it to the English when they arrived,
flowers to my mum. 4 ‘My car won’t start in the morning.’
but it wasn’t until a few hundred years after, ‘If I were you, I’d buy a new one. Yours is so
4 What was the last phone call you made? that it became really popular in America.
Who to? Why? old.’
‘I know it’s old, but I can’t afford a new one.’
Just before I came into class. I called a friend T 11.6 Part two ‘Well, take it to a garage. Let them have a
to ask if she was doing anything this evening.
P The history of modern chewing gum begins look at it.’
5 Do you keep a diary?
in 19th century America. In 1892 a clever ‘All right.’
Yes, but I don’t write very personal things in
young salesman called William Wrigley 5 ‘My neighbours make a lot of noise.’
it, in case someone finds it.
decided that chewing gum was the thing of ‘Do they? That’s awful.’
6 Have you or a friend ever made a complaint
the future. Wrigley was a business genius. He ‘Mmm. We can’t get to sleep at night.’
in a restaurant?
was the first to use advertising to sell in a big ‘Have you spoken to them about this?’
No – but my dad often complains. I find it
way. Here’s Leanne. ‘No, we’re too frightened.’
embarrassing, but he says it’s important to
LW  William Wrigley was really an advertising ‘If I were you, I’d invite them round to your
do it.
genius. He hired hundreds of girls, who he flat for coffee and say that you’re having
problems.’

126 Tapescripts  11.2 – 12.2

 ‘That’s probably a good idea. I’m not sure For six months. I’m in Covent Garden seven to Holland, so he hasn’t been to work today,
they’ll come, but I’ll try it.’ days a week selling the magazine. he’s been relaxing.
4 Have you made many friends? C Oh, yes of course. He’s been working in
T 12.3 Lots. My problem is I’m homeless. I want a Amsterdam, hasn’t he? Well, I’m glad he’s
Nisa Isaacs  I live with my parents in a shanty job, but I need somewhere to live before I can relaxing now. And what about you, Mum?
town outside the city. My parents collect old get a job. So I need money to get somewhere M Well, I was going to ring you actually. You
newspapers and junk to sell. They don’t make to live, but I can’t get money because I see I’m coming to London next Tuesday.
much money, so we’re poor. But I’m going to can’t get a job, and I can’t get a job because I’m going to a teachers’ conference at the
change all that. I love school. I’m studying very I haven’t got somewhere to live. So I’m university, and I wondered if I could stay at
hard, because I’m taking my high school exams trapped. your flat.
next year. Then I’m going to get a job in an 5 How many copies do you sell a day? C Next Tuesday. That’s great! Of course you
office in town. But that isn’t my main ambition. Usually about fifty. can stay at my flat. I’ll try to leave work
I really want to go to university. So I’m going 6 How many copies have you sold today? earlier that day and I’ll meet you after the
to work for a while to save some money. I’m So far, ten. But it’s still early. conference. We’ll go out for a meal.
hoping to be an architect, then I can build my M Lovely! I’m looking forward to it already.
parents a proper house. T 13.2 13.2 C Me too. See you next week. Bye for now.
How long have you been trying to find a job? Love to Dad!
Viktor Panov  I’m studying for my Certificate M Bye, Craig. Take care.
of Education, but I’m not sure what to study How many jobs have you had?
afterwards. I love studying literature, so I might How long have you been standing here today?
How did you lose your business? T 13.6 See p109
go to university. That would be fun. I might
become a writer. But I also enjoy the Russian Who’s your best friend?
language, so I might study that at university. Where did you meet him? T 13.7 T 13.7
I’ll have to get good exam results to do that. I’d How long have you known each other? 307 4922 517 592 2122
also like to try living in another country. I’ve got 1-800-878-5311 212 726 6390
family in Germany, so I might live there for a T 13.3 T 13.3 315 253 6031
while. Perhaps I could study literature in Berlin. A How long have you been trying to find a job?
That would be great! B For three years. It’s been really difficult. T 13.8 13.8
A How many jobs have you had? P = Peter   J = John
T 12.4 B About thirty, maybe more. I’ve done 1 P Hello. 793422.
1 A Excuse me! Can I get past? everything. J Hello, Peter. This is John.
B Pardon? A How long have you been standing here today? P Hi, John. How are you?
A Can I get past, please? B Since 8.00 this morning, and I’m freezing. J Fine, thanks. And you?
B I’m sorry. I didn’t hear you. Yes, of A How did you lose your business? P All right. Did you have a nice weekend?
course. B I owed a lot of money in tax, and I couldn’t You went away, didn’t you?
A Thanks a lot. pay it. J Yes, we went to see some friends who live
2 A I hear you’re going to get married soon. A Who’s your best friend? in the country. It was lovely. We had a
Congratulations! B A chap called Robbie, who’s also from good time.
B That’s right, next July. July 21. Can you Scotland, like me. P Ah, good.
come to the wedding? A Where did you meet him? J Peter, could you do me a favour? I’m
A Oh, what a pity! That’s when we’re away B I met him here in London. playing squash tonight, but my racket’s
on holiday. A How long have you known each other? broken. Can I borrow yours?
C Never mind. We’ll send you some B About ten months. I met him soon after I P Sure, that’s fine.
wedding cake. came to London. J Thanks a lot. I’ll come and get it in half an
A That’s very kind. hour, if that’s OK.
3 A Oh, dear! Look at the time! Hurry up, or T 13.4 see T13.5 P Yes, I’ll be in.
we’ll miss the train. J OK. Bye.
B Just a minute! I can’t find my umbrella. T 13.5 Phoning home P Bye.
Do you know where it is? C = Craig   M = His mother A = Receptionist   B = Student
A I haven’t a clue. But you won’t need it. C Hi, Mum. It’s me, Craig. C = Shereen, a teacher.
It’s a lovely day. Just look at the sky! M Craig! Hello! How lovely to hear from you. 2 A Good morning. International School of
B Oh, all right. Let’s go, then. How are you? How’s the new job going? English.
4 A Good luck in your exam! C Work’s OK – I think. I’m just … so … B Hello, could I speak to Shereen, please?
B Same to you. I hope we both pass. M Tired? You sound tired. Are you tired? What A Hold on. I’ll connect you.
A Did you go out last night? have you been doing? C Hello.
B No, of course not. I went to bed early. C I am tired, really tired. I’ve been working so A Hello. Can I speak to Shereen, please?
What about you? hard and everything’s so new to me. I’m in C Speaking.
A Me, too. See you later, after the exam. the office until eight o’clock every night. A Ah, hello. I saw your advertisement about
Let’s go for a pizza. M Eight o’clock! Every night? That’s terrible. English classes in a magazine. Could you
B Good idea. And when do you eat? Have you been eating send me some information, please?
well? C Certainly. Can I just take some details?
C Yes, yes – I’ve been eating OK. After work, Could you give me your name and
Unit 13 John and I go out for something to eat in the
restaurant round the corner. We’re too tired
address, please?
A = Mike’s flatmate   B = Jim
to cook. 3 A Hello.
T 13.1 M John? Who’s John? B Hello. Is that Mike?
1 How long have you been sleeping on the C We work together in the same office – he’s A No, I’m afraid he’s out at the moment.
streets? been working here for a while, so he’s been Can I take a message?
For a year. It was very cold at first, but you helping me a lot. He’s really nice. You’d like B Yes, please. Can you say that Jim phoned,
get used to it. him, Mum, he lives near me. and I’ll try again later. Do you know what
2 Why did you come to London? M Mmm. Your father says ‘Hello’. time he’ll be back?
I came here to look for work, and I never left. C Ah yes. Dad. How is he? What’s he been A In about an hour, I think.
3 How long have you been selling The Big doing recently? B Thanks. Goodbye.
Issue? M Well, he’s just returned from a business trip A Goodbye.

Tapescripts  12.3 – 13.8 127

 Unit 14 B Oh, Miss Jones! Can’t you take us
somewhere more exciting?
I And now you’re all living in the Middle East?
D That’s right, in Dubai, in the United Arab
3 A Martin, you were very late last night. Emirates.
T 14.1 see p110 What time did you come home? I When did your family move abroad?
B It was before midnight, Mum, honest. D Well, my parents left the UK in 1986 and
T 14.2 Listen and check Mick brought me home in his car. came to the Middle East because of my
father’s job. He’s in the oil industry. He
I was delighted because I’d passed all my exams. 4 A I’ve been decorating my new flat. You works for Shell – he’s been with them for
I was hungry because I hadn’t had any breakfast. must come and visit me on Saturday. over twenty years.
I went to bed early because I’d had a busy day. And bring Emma and Jane with you. I’ll I And where did they live at first?
Our teacher was angry because we hadn’t done cook you a meal. D First, er, first they were in Riyadh, the capital
the homework. B Great! We’ll bring some ice-cream for of Saudi Arabia. Then they were in Jeddah,
My leg hurt because I’d fallen over playing dessert. on the coast, next to the Red Sea.
football. 5 A I’ll miss you when I go back home to I How long had they been in Riyadh before
The plants died because I’d forgotten to water Morocco. You must come and visit me they moved?
them. next year. D Erm … let me think. I was born in Riyadh
The road was wet because we’d had rain the B I’d love to! I want you to take this photo in 1987, and we moved when I was three, so
night before. with you. It will remind you of the day we that makes it 1990 when we went to Jeddah,
went to Oxford together. so they’d been in Riyadh for four years …
T 14.3 What does Ben say? A OK. And when you visit, bring me some yeah, four years.
1 I like John very much. more English books to read! I And all this time your father worked for the
2 I met him at university. 6 A I’m going to London tomorrow, so oil company?
3 We’re quite similar. tonight my best friend is coming round to D Yeah, he was an area manager. And my
4 We’ve travelled a lot together. my house to say goodbye. She’s bringing a mother was an English teacher. She taught at
5 I’m seeing John this evening. present she wants me to take to her sister the King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah,
6 I’ll phone him to arrange a time. in London. teaching first-year business students. Then
B Well, have a good trip! we all moved to Dubai in 1992, and we’ve
T 14.4 see p112 been here ever since.
T 14.8 see p114 I You have a sister, right?
T 14.5 An interview with Bob Taylor D Yeah, Sasha. She’s three years younger than
I = Interviewer   B = Bob T 14.9 see p115 me.
I So, Bob, what was it like when you met I Where did you go to school?
David? T 14.10 see p115 D Well, there’s an international British School
B Well, I didn’t know about him, but I’m in Jeddah that we both went to. I’m now
pleased that I know him now. We met each studying at university, business studies, and
other for the first time a few weeks ago, and
T 14.11 T 14.11 Sasha’s still at school, another international
we have a lot in common. P = Patrick   I = Interviewer school here in Dubai. She wants to be a
I You now live in Oxford, is that right? Patrick doctor.
B Yes. I've been married for ten years. I live I Where are you from originally, Patrick? I Oh, really? That’s great. And do you like it in
with my wife, Beth, in Oxford. She’s a P Well, my family is originally from Ireland. Dubai?
photographer. My grandfather and his wife came to the D Sure! It’s a great life. The climate’s ideal, and
I When are you and David seeing each other United States from Ireland in 1935. They there’s lots to do as long as you’ve got some
again? came from Cork, so they’d travelled from money in your pocket!
B David’s coming to see me next week, and he’s Cork to Dublin by train, and then they took
bringing his three children. I’m sure they’ll the boat from Dublin to New York. T 14.12 Saying goodbye
get on well with my children. I I bet that was a long journey. How long? A a Goodbye! Drive carefully and call me when
week? you get there!
T 14.6 P No, the journey took five days. They landed b Bye! See you later. Are you doing anything
In my interview, Bob Taylor said that he had in New York and stayed there for two years. tonight?
never known about David, but he was pleased Then they moved to Philadelphia, where c Goodbye! Have a safe journey. Send us a
that he knew him now. They had met each other my grandfather worked in the port. He was postcard!
for the first time a few weeks ago, and they had a ship-builder. My grandmother washed d Goodbye. Here’s my card. Get in touch if you
found they had a lot in common. clothes, and she brought up the kids. My have any problems with it.
   He told me he had been married for ten years father was born in Philadelphia in 1943, e Goodbye. It has been most interesting talking
and that he now lived in Oxford with his wife, and when he was sixteen they moved to to you. We’ll let you know by post.
Beth, who was a photographer. Pittsburgh. He’d finished school by then, and f Goodbye! And good luck in the future. I’ve
   He said that David was coming to see him he went to work in the factories. really enjoyed our lessons together!
next week, and he was bringing his three I What was he doing? g Bye-bye! Thank you very much for having
children. He was sure they would get on well P He was in the steel mills. me.
with his children. I When he was just sixteen? h Goodbye. Thank you for a lovely evening.
P Oh, yes. They started young in those days. You must come to us next time.
T 14.7 Then he met and married my mother, Eileen,
1 A Goodbye, everyone! I’m going on holiday and I was born, and my two sisters were
tomorrow. born. We all went to school in Philadelphia,
B Where are you going? and now I work in the police force. I’m a
A Australia. I’m taking my family to visit detective. Now Peggy, my wife, and I are
their cousins in Sydney. second generation Americans. I’m American,
B Lucky you! When you come back, bring my kids are American, and we love it!
me a T-shirt!
2 A Listen, class! Please finish your work D = Daniel   I = Interviewer
before you go home. And tomorrow, Daniel
don’t forget to bring in your money for I Where is your family from, Daniel?
the school trip. We’re going to the Natural D We’re all from England. My dad’s from the
History Museum. north of England, and my mum’s Scottish.

128 Tapescripts  14.1 – 14.12

Unit 4 p32
Questions and answers
Ask and answer questions to find the differences Student B
between your picture, and your partner’s.

Ask about these things.

towels shaving foam
soap make-up
toothbrushes deodorant
toothpaste perfume/aftershave
shampoo hairbrushes
toilet paper

much … is there?
How
many … are there?
Have they got any … ?
Is
there any …?
Are

lots/a lot
(Yes,)
a few/a little
isn’t
(No,) There any
aren’t

Grammar Reference
Unit 1
1.1 Tenses 1.2 Questions
This unit has examples of the Present Simple and Present Continuous, Questions with question words
the Past Simple, and two future forms: going to and the Present 1 Questions can begin with a question word.
Continuous for the future.
what  where  which  how
All these tenses are covered again in later units.
who  when  why  whose
Present tenses Unit 2
Past tenses Unit 3 Where’s the station?
Future forms Units 5 and 9 Why are you laughing?
The aim in this unit is to revise what you know. Whose is this coat?
How does she go to work?
Present tenses
2 What, which, and whose can be followed by a noun.
He lives with his parents.
What size do you take?
She speaks three languages.
What sort of sports do you like?
I’m enjoying the course.
Which coat is yours?
They’re studying at university.
Whose book is this?
Past tense 3 Which is generally used when there is a limited choice.
He went to America last year. Which is your husband? The blond one or the dark one?
She came to England three years ago. This rule is not always true.
What
Future forms newspaper do you read?
Which
I’m going to work as an interpreter.
What are you doing tonight?

Grammar Reference 129

 4 How can be followed by an adjective or an adverb. Use
How big is his new car?
The Present Simple is used to express:
How fast does it go?
1 a habit.
How can also be followed by much or many.
I get up at 7.30.
How much is this sandwich?
Cinda eats too much chocolate.
How many brothers and sisters have you got?
2 a fact which is always true.
Questions with no question word Vegetarians don’t eat meat.
The answer to these questions is Yes or No. We come from Spain.
Are you hot? Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
Is she working? Yes, she is./No, she isn’t. 3 a fact which is true for a long time.
Does he smoke? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. I live in Oxford.
Can you swim? Yes, I can./No, I can’t. She works in a bank.

Form 2.2  Present Continuous

Verb forms with an auxiliary verb Form
Positive Question am/is/are + -ing (present participle)

She is reading. Is she reading? Positive and negative

They are watching a DVD. What are they watching? ’m (am)
She can drive. Can she drive? I
’m not

Verb forms with no auxiliary verb He

’s (is)
In the Present Simple and the Past Simple there is no auxiliary verb in She
isn’t working.
the positive. It
They live in London. We
He arrived yesterday. ’re (are)
You
Do/does/did is used in the question. aren’t
They
Do they live in London?
Where does Bill come from? Question
When did he arrive?
am I
he
is she
What it wearing?
we
are you
they
Unit 2
Short answer
2.1  Present Simple Are you going? Yes, I am./No, I’m not. NOT Yes, I’m.
Form Is Anna working? Yes, she is./No, she isn’t. Yes, she’s.

Positive and negative

I Use
We live The Present Continuous is used to express:
You don’t live 1 an activity happening now.
They near here. They’re playing football in the garden.
He lives She can’t answer the phone because she’s washing her hair.
She doesn’t live 2 an activity happening around now, but perhaps not at the moment
It of speaking.
She’s studying maths at university.
Question I’m reading a good book by Henry James.
I 3 a planned future arrangement.
do we I’m meeting Miss Boyd at ten o’clock tomorrow.
you What are you doing this evening?
Where they live?
he
does she
it

Short answer
Do you like Peter? Yes, I do.
Does she speak French? No, she doesn’t.

130 Grammar Reference

2.3  Present Simple and Present Continuous 2 Have and have got express possession.
1 Look at the wrong sentences, and compare them with the correct I have
sentences. I’ve got
a new car.
✗ Hans is coming from Germany. She has
three children.
✓ Hans comes from Germany. She’s got
blond hair.
✗ This is a great wedding. Everyone has a good time. He has
✓ This is a great wedding. Everyone is having a good time. He’s got
✗ I read a good book at the moment. 3 When have + noun expresses an activity or a habit, have and the
✓ I’m reading a good book at the moment. do/does/don’t/doesn’t forms are used. Have got is not used.
Compare these sentences.
2 There are some verbs that are usually used in the Present Simple ✗ I’ve got a shower in the morning.
only. They express a state, not an activity. ✓ I have a shower in the morning.
✓ I like coffee. ✗ What time have you got lunch?
✗ I’m liking coffee. ✓ What time do you have lunch?
Other verbs like this are think, agree, understand, love. ✗ He has never got milk in his coffee.
✓ He never has milk in his coffee.
2.4  have/have got 4 In the past tense, the got forms are unusual. Had with did and didn’t
is much more common.
Form I had a bicycle when I was young.
Positive My parents had a lot of books in the house.
Did you have a nice weekend?
I I didn’t have any money when I was a student.
We have
You ’ve got
They two brothers.
Unit 3
He has
She ’s got 3.1  Past Simple
Negative Spelling
I 1 The normal rule is to add -ed.
We don’t have worked  started
You haven’t got If the verb ends in -e, add -d.
They any money. lived  loved
2 If the verb has only one syllable + one vowel + one consonant,
He doesn’t have double the consonant.
She hasn’t got stopped  planned
3 If the verb ends in a consonant + -y , change the -y to -ied.
Question studied  carried
I I There are many common irregular verbs. See the list on p143.
we we
Do Have
you you Form
they have a car? they got a car?
The form of the Past Simple is the same for all persons.
he he
Does Has Positive
she she
I
Short answer He/She/It finished
Do you have a camera? Yes, I do./No, I don’t. We arrived yesterday.
Have you got a camera? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. You went
They
We can use contractions (’ve and ’s) with have got, but not with have.
I’ve got a sister. Negative
I have a sister.   NOT I’ve a sister. The negative of the Past Simple is formed with didn’t.
He walked.
Use
He didn’t walk .
1 Have and have got mean the same. Have got is informal. We use it a
lot when we speak, but not when we write. I
Have you got a light? He/She/It
The Prime Minister has a meeting with the President today. We didn’t (did not) arrive yesterday.
In American English, have + do/does is much more common. You
They

Grammar Reference 131

 Question Use
The question in the Past Simple is formed with
1 The Past Continuous expresses a past activity that has duration.
did.
I met her while I was living in Paris.
She finished . You were making a lot of noise last night.
When did she finish ? What were you doing?
2 The activity began before the action expressed by the Past Simple.
she She was making coffee when we arrived.
you When I phoned Simon he was having
When did arrive?   dinner.
they
etc. 3 The Past Continuous expresses an activity in progress before, and probably after, a
time in the past.
Short answer When I woke up this morning, the sun was
  shining.
Did you go to work yesterday? Yes, I did. What were you doing at 8.00 last night?
Did it rain last night? No, it didn’t.
3.3  Past Simple and Past Continuous
Use 1 The Past Simple expresses past actions as simple facts.
1 The Past Simple expresses a past action that is I did my homework last night.
now finished. ‘What did you do yesterday evening?’  ‘I watched TV.’
We played tennis last Sunday. 2 The Past Continuous gives past activities time and duration. The
I worked in London from 1994 to 1999. activity can be interrupted.
John left two minutes ago. ‘What were you doing at 8.00?’  ‘I was watching TV.’
2 Notice the time expressions that are used with I was doing my homework when Jane arrived.
the Past Simple. 3 In stories, the Past Continuous can describe the scene. The Past
last year. Simple tells the action.
last month.  It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and the birds were
I did it five years ago. singing, so we decided to go for a picnic. We put everything in the car …
yesterday morning. 4 The questions below refer to different time periods. The Past Continuous
in 1985. asks about activities before, and the Past Simple asks about what
happened after.
3.2  Past Continuous What were you doing We were playing tennis.
when it started to rain?
Form What did you do We went home.
was/were + -ing
(present participle) 3.4  Prepositions in time expressions
Positive and negative
at in no preposition
I
He was at six o’clock in the morning/afternoon/evening today
She wasn’t (was not) at midnight in December yesterday
It at New Year in summer tomorrow
working.
at the weekend in 1995 the day after tomorrow
We in two weeks’ time the day before yesterday
were on
You last night
weren’t (were not)
They on Saturday last week
on Monday morning two weeks ago
Question on New Year’s Day next month
I on January 18 yesterday evening
he
tomorrow evening
was this evening
she
tonight
What it doing?
we
were you
they

Short answer
Were you working Yes, I was.
  yesterday?
Was she studying when No, she wasn’t.
  you arrived?

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Unit 4
4.1  Expressions of quantity 4.2  Articles – a and the
Count and uncount nouns 1 The indefinite article a or an is used with singular, countable nouns
1 It is important to understand the difference between count and to refer to a thing or an idea for the first time.
uncount nouns. We have a Toyota and a BMW.
There’s a supermarket in Adam Street.
Count nouns Uncount nouns
2 The definite article the is used with singular and plural, countable
a cup water and uncountable nouns when both the speaker and the listener
a girl sugar know the thing or idea already.
an apple milk We have a Toyota and a BMW. I drive the Toyota and my wife
an egg bread drives the BMW.
a pound money I’m going to the supermarket. Do you want anything? (We
both know which supermarket.)
We can say three cups, two girls, ten pounds. We can count them.
We cannot say two waters, three breads, one money. We cannot Indefinite article
count them. The indefinite article is used:
2 Count nouns can be singular or plural. 1 with professions.
This cup is full. I’m a teacher.
These cups are empty. She’s an architect.
Uncount nouns can only be singular. 2 with some expressions of quantity.
The water is cold. a pair of   a little   a couple of   a few
The weather was terrible. 3 in exclamations with what + a count noun.
What a lovely day!
What a pity!
much and many
Definite article
1 We use much with uncount nouns in questions and negatives. The definite article is used:
How much money have you got? 1 before seas, rivers, hotels, museums, and newspapers.
There isn’t much milk left. the Atlantic   the British Museum
2 We use many with count nouns in questions and negatives. The Times  the Ritz
How many people were at the meeting? 2 if there is only one of something.
I didn’t take many photos on holiday. the sun  the Queen  the Government
3 with superlative adjectives.
some and any He’s the richest man in the world.
Jane’s the oldest in the class.
1 Some is used in positive sentences.
No article
I’d like some sugar.
There is no article:
2 Any is used in questions and negatives.
1 before plural and uncountable nouns when talking about things in
Is there any sugar in this tea?
general.
Have you got any brothers and sisters?
I like potatoes.
We don’t have any washing-up liquid.
Milk is good for you.
I didn’t buy any apples.
2 before countries, towns, streets, languages, magazines, meals,
3 We use some in questions that are requests or offers.
airports, stations, and mountains.
Can I have some cake?
I had lunch with John.
Would you like some tea?
I bought a newspaper at Heathrow Airport.
4 The rules are the same for the compounds someone, anything,
3 before some places and with some forms of transport.
anybody, somewhere, etc.
I’ve got something for you. at home  in/to bed  at/to work  at/to school/university
Hello? Is anybody here? by bus  by plane  by car  by train  on foot
There isn’t anywhere to go in my town.
She goes to work by bus.
I was at home yesterday evening.
a few and a little 4 in exclamations with what + an uncount noun.
What beautiful weather!
1 We use a few with count nouns.
There are a few biscuits left, but not many. Note
2 We use a little with uncount nouns. In the phrase go home, there is no article and no preposition.
Can you give me a little help? I went home early.  NOT  I went to home.

a lot/lots of
1 We use a lot/lots of with both count and uncount nouns.
There’s a lot of butter.
I’ve got lots of friends.
2 A lot/lots of can be used in questions and negatives.
Are there lots of tourists in your country?
There isn’t a lot of butter, but there’s enough.

Grammar Reference 133

 Unit 5 Use
Will is used:
5.1  Verb patterns 1 1 to express a future decision or intention made at the moment of
speaking.
Here are four verb patterns. There is a list of verb patterns on p143. ‘Jane’s getting married.’  ‘Is she? I’ll buy her a present.’
1 Verb + to + infinitive I’ll give you my phone number.
They want to buy a new car. ‘Which do you want? The blue or the red?’ 
I’d like to go abroad. ‘I’ll take the red, thank you.’
2 Verb + -ing 2 to express an offer.
Everyone loves going to nice restaurants. I’ll carry your suitcase.
He finished reading his book. We’ll do the washing-up.
3 Verb + -ing or + to + infinitive with no change in meaning
It began to rain/raining. Other uses of will are covered in Unit 9.
I continued to work/working in the library.
4 Verb + preposition + -ing going to
We’re thinking of moving house.
I’m looking forward to having more free time. Form
am/is/are + going + to + infinitive
5.2  like doing and would like to do Positive and negative
1 Like doing and love doing express a general enjoyment. ’m (am)
I like working as a teacher. = I am a teacher and I enjoy it. I ’m not
I love taking photos. = This is one of my hobbies.
2 Would like to do and would love to do express a preference now or He
at a specific time. She ’s (is)
going to work.
I’d like to be a teacher. = When I grow up, I want to be a teacher. It isn’t
Thank you. I’d love to go. = You’re going to a lecture. I’m We
pleased that you asked me. You ’re (are)
Question Short answer They aren’t
Would you like to go for coffee? Yes, I would./Yes, I’d love to. Question
Would you like to come for a walk? Yes, I would./No, thank you.
am I
Note
No, I wouldn’t is not common because it is impolite. he
is she
When it going to arrive?
5.3  will
we
Form are you
will + infinitive without to they
Will is a modal auxiliary verb. There is an introduction to modal
auxiliary verbs on p137 of the Grammar Reference. The forms of will Short answer
are the same for all persons. Are they going to get married?   Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
Positive and negative
I come. Use
’ll (will)
He/She/It help you.
won’t Going to is used:
We/You/They invite Tom.
1 to express a future decision, intention, or plan made before the
Question moment of speaking.
How long are they going to stay in Rome?
he She isn’t going to have a bath.
When will you help me? Note
they The Present Continuous can be used in a similar way for a plan or
arrangement, particularly with the verbs go and come.
Short answer She’s coming on Friday.
Will you help me? Yes, I will. I’m going home early tonight.
2 when we can see or feel now that something is certain to happen in
Note the future.
No, I won’t is not common because it is impolite. It means ‘I don’t want Look at these clouds! It’s going to rain.
to help you.’ Watch out! That box is going to fall.
A polite way of saying ‘no’ here is ‘I’m afraid I can’t.’
will or going to?
Look at the use of will and going to in these sentences.
I’m going to make a chicken casserole for dinner.
(I decided this morning and bought everything for it.)
What shall I cook for dinner? Er … I know! I’ll make chicken
casserole! That’s a good idea!
(I decided at the moment of speaking.)

134 Grammar Reference

Unit 6
6.1  What .  .  . like? Use
Form 1 We use comparatives to compare one thing, person, or action
with another.
what + to be + subject + like?
She’s taller than me.
’s (is) your teacher She’s very patient. London’s more expensive than Rome.
are his parents They’re very kind. 2 We use superlatives to compare somebody or something with
What like?
was your holiday Wonderful. We swam a lot. the whole group.
were the beaches OK, but some were dirty. She’s the tallest in the class.
It’s the most expensive hotel in the world.
Note 3 As … as shows that something is the same or equal.
We don’t use like in the answer. Jim’s as tall as Peter.
She’s patient.  NOT She’s like patient. I’m as worried as you are.
4 Not as/so … as shows that something isn’t the same or equal.
Use She isn’t as tall as her mother.
My car wasn’t so expensive as yours.
What … like? means ‘Describe somebody or something. Tell me about
them. I don’t know anything about them.’
Like in this question is a preposition, not a verb:
‘What’s Jim like?’  ‘He’s intelligent and kind, and he’s got lovely blue
eyes.’
In the following sentences like is a verb:
‘What does Jim like?’ ‘He likes motorbikes and playing tennis.’
Note
How’s your father? asks about health. It doesn’t ask for a description.
‘How’s your father?’  ‘He’s very well, thank you.’

6.2  Comparative and superlative adjectives

Form
1 Look at the chart.
Comparative Superlative
Short adjectives cheap cheaper cheapest
small smaller smallest
*big bigger biggest
Adjectives that funny funnier funniest
end in -y early earlier earliest
heavy heavier heaviest
Adjectives with careful more careful most careful
two syllables or boring more boring most boring
more expensive more expensive most expensive
interesting more interesting most interesting
Irregular far further furthest
adjectives good better best
bad worse worst
* Short adjectives with one vowel + one consonant double the consonant:  
hot/hotter/hottest, fat/fatter/fattest.
2 Than is often used after a comparative adjective.
I’m younger than Barbara.
Barbara’s more intelligent than Sarah.
Much can come before the comparative to give emphasis.
She’s much nicer than her sister.
Is Tokyo much more modern than London?
3 The is used before superlative adjectives.
He’s the funniest boy in the class.
Which is the tallest building in the world?

Grammar Reference 135

 Unit 7
7.1  Present Perfect Note
In many languages, this use is expressed by a present tense. But in
Form English, we say:
have/has + -ed (past participle) Peter has been a teacher for ten years.
The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed. There are many NOT   Peter is a teacher for ten years.
common irregular verbs. See the list on p143. 4 The Present Perfect expresses a past action with results in the
present. It is often a recent past action.
Positive and negative
I’ve lost my wallet. (I haven’t got it now.)
I ’ve (have) The taxi’s arrived. (It’s outside the door now.)
We/You/They haven’t Has the postman been? (Are there any letters for me?)
worked in a factory. The adverbs just, already, and yet are common with this use. Yet is
‘s (has) used in questions and negatives.
He/She/It
hasn’t She’s just had some good news.
I’ve already had breakfast.
Question Has the postman been yet?
It’s 11.00 and she hasn’t got up yet.
I
Have
we/you/they
been to the United States? 7.2  Present Perfect and Past Simple
Has he/she/it 1 Compare the Past Simple and Present Perfect.
Past Simple
Short answer 1 The Past Simple refers to an action that happened at a
Have you been to Egypt? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. definite time in the past.
Has she ever written poetry? Yes, she has./No, she hasn’t. He died in 1882.
She got married when she was 22.
Note The action is finished.
We cannot use I’ve, they’ve, he’s, etc. in short answers. I lived in Paris for a year (but not now).
Yes, I have. NOT Yes, I’ve. 2 Time expressions + the Past Simple
Yes, we have. NOT Yes, we’ve. in 1999.
last week.
Use I did it two months ago.
on March 22.
1 The Present Perfect looks back from the present into the past, and for two years.
expresses what has happened before now. The action happened at
an indefinite time in the past. Present Perfect
I’ve met a lot of famous people. (before now) 1 The Present Perfect refers to an action that happened at
She has won awards. (in her life) an indefinite time in the past.
She’s written twenty books. (up to now) She has won awards.
The action can continue to the present, and probably into the She’s written twenty books.
future. The action can continue to the present.
She’s lived here for twenty years. (she still lives here) She’s lived there for twenty years (and she still does.)
2 The Present Perfect expresses an experience as part of someone’s 2 Time expressions + the Present Perfect
life. for twenty years.
I’ve travelled a lot in Africa. I’ve worked here since 1995.
They’ve lived all over the world. since I left school.
Ever and never are common with this use. We’ve never been to America.
Have you ever been in a car crash?
My mother has never flown in a plane.
3 The Present Perfect expresses an action or state which began in the 2 Compare these sentences.
past and continues to the present. ✗ I’ve broken my leg last year.
I’ve known Alice for six years. ✓ I broke my leg last year.
How long have you worked as a teacher?
Note that the time expressions for and since are common with this ✗ He works as a teacher all his life.
use. We use for with a period of time, and since with a point in ✓ He has worked as a teacher all his life.
time. ✗ When have you been to Greece?
We’ve lived here for two years. (a period of time) ✓ When did you go to Greece?
I’ve had a beard since I left the army. (a point in time)
✗ How long do you have your car?
✓ How long have you had your car?

136 Grammar Reference

Unit 8
8.1  have to 2 There is no do/does in the question.
Can she drive?
Form Should I go home now?
has/have + to + infinitive 3 The form is the same for all persons. There is no -s in the third
person singular:
Positive and negative
He can sing very well.
I She should try harder.
We have It will rain soon.
You don’t have 4 To form the negative, add n’t. There is no don’t/doesn’t.
They to work hard. I wouldn’t like to be a teacher.
You mustn’t steal.
He
has Note
She
doesn’t have will not = won’t.
It
It won’t rain tomorrow.
Question 5 Most modal verbs refer to the present and future.
Only can has a past tense form, could.
I I could swim when I was three.
we
Do
you
they have to work hard?
8.3  should
he Form
Does she should + infinitive without to
it The forms of should are the same for all persons.
Short answer Positive and negative
Do you have to wear a uniform? Yes, I do. I
Does he have to go now? No, he doesn’t. He should do more exercise.
We shouldn’t tell lies.
Note They
1 The past tense of have to is had to, with did and didn’t in the
question and the negative. Question
I had to get up early this morning.
I
Why did you have to work last weekend?
Should she see a doctor?
They liked the hotel because they didn’t have to do any cooking.
they
2 The forms of have got to + infinitive are the same as have got +
noun. See p131. I
Do you think he should see a doctor?
we
Use
1 Have to expresses strong obligation. The obligation comes from Short answer
‘outside’ – perhaps a law, a rule at school or work, or someone in
Should I phone home? Yes, you should.
authority.
Should I buy a Mercedes Benz? No, you shouldn’t.
 You have to have a driving licence if you want to drive a car.
(That’s the law.)
I have to start work at 8.00. (My company says I must.)
The doctor says I have to do more exercise.
Use
2 Don’t/doesn’t have to expresses absence of obligation (it isn’t Should is used to express what the speaker thinks is right or the best
necessary). thing to do. It expresses mild obligation, or advice.
You don’t have to do the washing-up. I’ve got a dishwasher. I should do more work. (This is my opinion.)
She doesn’t have to work on Monday. It’s her day off. You should do more work. (I’m telling you what I think.)
Do you think we should stop here? (I’m asking you for your
opinion.)
8.2  Introduction to modal auxiliary verbs Shouldn’t expresses negative advice.
Form You shouldn’t sit so close to the TV. It’s bad for your eyes.
These are modal auxiliary verbs. Note
Should expresses the opinion of the speaker, and it is often introduced
can  could  might  must by I think or I don’t think.
shall  should  will would I think politicians should listen more.
They are looked at in different units of Headway. I don’t think people should get married until they’re 21.
They have certain things in common:
1 They ‘help’ another verb. The verb form is the infinitive without to.
She can drive.
I must get my hair cut.

Grammar Reference 137

 8.4  must 9.2  will
Form Form
must + infinitive without to For the forms of will, see p134.
The forms of must are the same for all persons.
Positive and negative Use
I 1 Will expresses a decision or intention made at the moment of
He must try harder. speaking.
We mustn’t steal. Give me your case. I’ll carry it for you.
They 2 It also expresses a future fact. The speaker thinks ‘This action is
sure to happen in the future’.
Questions with must are possible, but the use of have to is more United will win the cup.
common. Tomorrow’s weather will be warm and sunny.
This use is like a neutral future tense. The speaker is predicting the
Question Short answer future, without expressing an intention, plan, or personal
Must I take exams? Yes, you must. judgement.
Do I have to take exams? Yes, you do.
9.3  First conditional
Use Form
1 Must expresses strong obligation. Generally, this obligation comes if + Present Simple, will + infinitive without to
from ‘inside’ the speaker. Positive and negative
I must get my hair cut. (I think this is necessary.)
2 Because must expresses the authority of the speaker, you should be I work hard, I pass my exams.
careful of using You must … . It sounds very bossy! she has enough money, she ’ll (will) buy a new car.
You must help me. (I am giving you an order.) If we don’t hurry up, we won’t be late.
Could you help me? is much better. you’re late, I wait for you.
3 You must … can express a strong suggestion.
You must give me a ring when you’re next in town. Question
What you do you don’t go to university?
will
Where she go if she can’t find a job?

Short answer
Will you go to university if you pass your exams? Yes, I will.
Unit 9
If we look after the planet, will we survive?
No, I won’t.
Yes, we will.
No, we won’t.
9.1  Time clauses
1 Look at this sentence. Note
I’ll give her a ring when I get home. The condition clause if … can come at the beginning of the sentence
It consists of two clauses: a main clause I’ll give her a ring and a or at the end. If it comes at the begining, we put a comma at the end of
secondary clause when I get home. the clause. If it comes at the end, we do not use a comma.
2 These conjunctions of time introduce secondary clauses. If I work hard, I’ll pass my exams.
I’ll pass my exams if I work hard.
when  while  as soon as  after  before  until
They are not usually followed by a future form. They refer to future Use
time, but we use a present tense.
When I get home, I’ll … 1 The first conditional is used to express a possible condition and a
While we’re away, … probable result in the future.
As soon as I hear from you, … If my cheque comes, I’ll buy us all a meal.
Wait here until I get back. You’ll get wet if you don’t take an umbrella.
What’ll happen to the environment if we don’t look after it?
Note
1 English uses a present tense in the condition clause, not a future
form.
If it rains …  NOT  If it will rain …
If I work hard …  NOT  If I’ll work hard …
2 If expresses a possibility that something will happen; when
expresses what the speaker sees as certain to happen.
If I find your book, I’ll send it to you.
When I get home, I’ll have a bath.

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Unit 10
10.1  Verb patterns 2 10.3  used to and the Past Simple
Verb patterns were first covered in Unit 5. There is a list of verb 1 The Past Simple can also be used to express a past habit or state.
patterns on p143. He played football every Sunday when he was a boy.
They were happy together when they were first married.
1 Verb + to + infinitive
2 Only the Past Simple can be used for actions which happened once
They managed to escape.
in the past.
I try to visit somewhere new.
We used to go to France every summer, but once, in 1987, we
We decided to go abroad.
went to Greece.
2 go + -ing for sports and activities
Last night I stayed at home.
Let’s go skiing.
We went swimming. Note
3 Verb + sb + infinitive without to Used to has no equivalent in the present. The Present Simple is used for
My teachers made me work hard. present habits and states.
My parents let me go out when I want. She lives in New York.
She sometimes comes to London on business.
10.2  used to
10.4 Infinitives
Form
1 Infinitives are used to express purpose. They answer the question
used + to + infinitive Why … ? This use is very common in English.
Used to is the same in all persons. I’m learning English to get a good job.
Positive and negative She’s saving her money to buy a car.
I’m going to Scotland to visit my parents.
I
Note
She used to play tennis.
Some languages express this idea of purpose with a translation of
We didn’t use to like cooking. for + infinitive. English does not use for.
They I came here to learn English.  
NOT   I came here for to learn English.
Question I came here for learn English.
What did you use to do? 2 Infinitives are used after certain adjectives.
pleased
Short answer I’m to see you.
surprised
Did you use to play tennis a lot?   Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. hard
Note It’s important to learn Chinese.
1 The question form is not often used. We ask a question in the Past impossible
Simple, and reply using used to. 3 Infinitives are used after the question words who, what, where, how,
Where did you go on holiday when you were young? etc.
We used to go camping in France. Can you tell me how to get to the station?
2 Never is often used. I don’t know who to speak to.
I never used to watch TV. Show me what to do.
3 Be careful not to confuse to use (e.g. I use a knife to cut an apple.) 4 Infinitives are used after the compounds something, nothing,
and used to. nowhere, anybody, etc.
The pronunciation is also different. Have something to eat!
to use /ju:z/  used to /ju:stu:/ or /ju:stə/ I’ve got nothing to do.
There’s nowhere to hide.
Use Is there anyone to talk to?

Used to is used:
1 to express a past habit.
He used to play football every Saturday, but now he doesn’t.
2 to express a past state.
They used to be happy together, but now they fight all the time.

Grammar Reference 139

 Unit 11
11.1  The passive Note
1 The rules for tense usage in the passive are the same as in the
Form active.
am/is/are Present Simple to express habit:
was/were My car is serviced regularly.
+ -ed (past participle)
has/have been Past Simple to express a finished action in the past:
will America was discovered by Christopher Columbus.
Present Perfect to express an action which began in the past and
The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed. There are many
continues to the present:
common irregular verbs. See the list on p143.
Diet cola has been made since 1982.
Present 2 The passive infinitive (to be + -ed) is used after modal auxiliary
verbs and other verbs which are followed by an infinitive.
Positive and negative
Driving should be banned in city centres.
English is spoken all over the world.
The house is going to be knocked down.
Renault cars are made in France.
My children aren’t helped with their homework.
Coffee isn’t grown in England. Use
Question 1 The object of an active verb becomes the subject of a passive verb.
Where is rice grown? Notice the use of by in the passive sentence.
Are cars made in your country? Object

Past Active Shakespeare wrote Hamlet .
Positive and negative
Passive Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
My car was stolen last night.
The animals were frightened by a loud noise. Subject
He wasn’t injured in the accident.
2 The passive is not another way of expressing the same sentence in
The thieves weren’t seen by anyone.
the active. We choose the active or the passive depending on what
Question we are more interested in.
How was the window broken?  Hamlet was written in 1600. (We are more interested in
Were the plants watered last night? Hamlet.)
 Shakespeare wrote comedies, histories, and tragedies. (We are
Present Perfect more interested in Shakespeare.)
Positive and negative Note
I’ve been robbed! Some verbs, for example, give, send, show, have two objects, a person
Diet cola has been made since 1982. and a thing.
They haven’t been invited to the wedding. She gave me a book.
In the passive, we often make the person the subject, not the thing.
Question I was given a book.
How many times have you been hurt playing football? She was sent the information by post.
Has my car been repaired? You’ll be shown where to sit.
will
Positive and negative
10,000 cars will be produced next year.
The cars won’t be sold in the UK.
Question
Will the children be sent to a new school?
Short answer
Are cars made in your country? Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
Were the plants watered last night? Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
Has my car been repaired? Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t.
Will these cars be produced next year? Yes, they will./No, they won’t.

140 Grammar Reference

Unit 12
12.1  Second conditional 12.2  might
Form Form
if + Past Simple, would + infinitive without to might + infinitive without to
Would is a modal auxiliary verb. There is an introduction to modal auxiliary Might is a modal auxiliary verb. For an
verbs on p137. introduction to modal auxiliary verbs, see p137.
The forms of would are the same for all persons. The forms of might are the same for all persons.
Positive and negative Positive and negative
I had more money, I buy a DVD player. I go to the library.
she knew the answer, she ’d (would) tell us. He might be late.
If
we lived in Russia, we soon learn Russian. It might not rain tomorrow.
I didn’t have so many debts, I wouldn’t have to work so hard. We go out for a meal tonight.

Question Question
The inverted question Might you … ? is unusual.
What you do you had a year off?
would if It is very common to ask a question with Do you
Which countries you go to you travelled round the world?
think … + will … ?
Short answer you’ll get here on time?
Do you think it’ll rain?
Would you travel round the world? Yes, I would./No, I wouldn’t.
they’ll come to the meeting?
If they had the money, would they buy a new car? Yes, they would./No, they wouldn’t.
Note Short answer
1 The condition clause can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence. Do you think he’ll come? He might.
If it comes at the beginning, we put a comma at the end of the clause. If it Do you think it’ll rain? It might.
comes at the end, we do not use a comma.
If I had more time, I’d help.
I’d help if I had more time. Use
2 Were is often used instead of was in the condition clause.
If I were you, I’d go to bed. 1 Might is used to express a future possibility. It
If he were cleverer, he’d know he was making a mistake. contrasts with will, which, in the speaker’s
opinion, expresses a future certainty.
England will win the match.
Use (I am sure they will.)
The second conditional is used to express an unreal or improbable condition England might win the match.
and its probable result in the present or future. (It’s possible, but I don’t know.)
The condition is unreal because it is different from the facts that we know. We 2 Notice that, in the negative, these sentences
can always say ‘But … ’. express the same idea of possibility.
If I were Prime Minister, I’d increase tax for rich people. (But I’m not Prime It might not rain this afternoon.
Minister.) I don’t think it’ll rain this afternoon.
If I lived in a big house, I’d invite all my friends. (But I live in a small house.)
What would you do if you saw a UFO? (But I don’t expect that you will see
a UFO.)
Note
1 The use of the past tense (If I had) and would does not refer to past time.
Both the first and second conditional refer to the present and the future.
The past verb forms are used to show ‘This is different from reality’.
If I win the tennis match, I’ll be happy. (I think I have a good chance.)
If I won a thousand pounds, I’d … (But I don’t think I will.)
2 We do not use would in the condition clause.
If the weather was nice …   NOT If the weather would be nice …
If I had more money …   NOT If I would have more money …

Grammar Reference 141

 Unit 13 Unit 14
13.1  Present Perfect Continuous 14.1  Past Perfect
Form Form
has/have + been + -ing (present participle) had + -ed (past participle)
The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed. There are many
Positive and negative
common irregular verbs. See the list on p143.
I
Positive and negative
We ’ve (have)
You haven’t I
’d (had)
They been working. He/She/It arrived before 10.00.
hadn’t
We/You/They
He
’s (has)
She
hasn’t Question
It
I
Question Had he/she/it left?
we/you/they
I
we
have Short answer
you
How long they been working? Yes, he had.
No, they hadn’t.
he
has she
it Use
The Past Perfect is used to express an action in the past which
Short answer
happened before another action in the past.
Have you been running? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
Has he been shopping? Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t. Action 2 Action 1

When I got home, John had cooked a meal.

Use Note
The Present Perfect Continuous is used: Notice the use of the Past Perfect and the Past Simple in the following
1 to express an activity which began in the past and continues to the sentences.
present. When I got home, John cooked a meal. (First I got home, then
We’ve been waiting here for hours! John cooked.)
It’s been raining for days. When I got home, John had cooked a meal. (John cooked a meal
2 to refer to an activity with a result in the present. before I got home.)
I’m hot because I’ve been running.
I haven’t got any money because I’ve been shopping. 14.2  Reported statements
Note
1 Sometimes there is little or no difference in meaning between the
Form
Present Perfect Simple and Continuous. The usual rule is that the verb form moves ‘one tense back’.
How long have you worked here?
Direct speech Reported speech
How long have you been working here?
2 Think of the verbs that have the idea of a long time, for example, Present Past
wait, work, learn, travel, play. ‘I admire you.’ He said he admired me.
These verbs can be found in the Present Perfect Continuous. ‘I’m going out now.’ Ann said she was going out.
I’ve been playing tennis since I was a boy. Present Perfect Past Perfect
Think of the verbs that don’t have the idea of a long time, for ‘We’ve met before.’ She said they’d met before.
example, find, start, buy, die, lose, break, stop. It is unusual to find
these verbs in the Present Perfect Continuous. Past Simple Past Perfect
I’ve bought a new dress. ‘We met in 1987.’ He said they’d met in 1987.
My uncle has died. will would
My radio’s broken. ‘I’ll mend it for you.’ She said that she would mend it for me.
3 Verbs that express a state, for example, like, love, know, have for
possession, are not found in the Present Perfect Continuous. can could
We’ve known each other for a few weeks. ‘I can swim.’ She said she could swim.
NOT  We’ve been knowing each other for a few weeks. Note
How long have you had your car? Notice the use of say/tell.
NOT   How long have you been having your car? Say + (that)
4 The Present Perfect Simple looks at the completed action. This is She said (that) they were happy together.
why, if the sentence gives a number or a quantity, the Present Tell + person (that)
Perfect Simple is used. The Continuous is not possible. He told me (that) he admired his boss.
I’ve written three letters today.
NOT  I’ve been writing three letters today.

142 Grammar Reference

Appendix 1 Appendix 2
IRREGULAR VERBS VERB PATTERNS
Base form Past Simple Past Participle
Verb + -ing
be was/were been
become became become like
begin began begun love swimming
break broke broken enjoy
bring brought brought hate cooking
build built built finish
buy bought bought stop
can could been able
catch caught caught Note
choose chose chosen We often use the verb go + -ing for sports and activities.
come came come I go swimming everyday.
cost cost cost I go shopping at the weekend.
cut cut cut
do did done Verb + to + infinitive
drink drank drunk
choose
drive drove driven
decide
eat ate eaten
forget
fall fell fallen
promise to go
feel felt felt
manage
fight fought fought
need
find found found
help
fly flew flown
hope
forget forgot forgotten
try to work
get got got
want
give gave given
would like
go went gone/been
would love
grow grew grown
have had had
hear heard heard
Verb + -ing or to + infinitive
hit hit hit
keep kept kept begin raining/to rain
know knew known start
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lose lost lost Verb + sb + infinitive without to
make made made
let   go
meet met met somebody
make do
pay paid paid
put put put
read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/
Modal auxiliary verbs
ride rode ridden
run ran run can
say said said could go
see saw seen shall
sell sold sold will arrive
send sent sent would
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
tell told told
think thought thought
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

Appendices 143
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