Detailed Lesson Plan in Science

Science 8

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

a. Make generalized statement on the concept of relating speed to the amount of energy
possessed by a body.
b. Appreciate kinetic and potential energy.
c. Interpret results of information gathered or observed.

II . a. Subject Matter: Kinetic and Potential energy

b. Time Frame: 60 mins.
c. Reference: LM, p. 25-32/ TG, p. 27 - 29
d. Materials: video presentation, laptop, pictures
III.Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Elicit
Good morning class! Good morning Ma’am!
Before we start a new lesson, let us review
first about kinetic and potential energy.
I will read some statements and you tell me if
the statement is true or false.
1. Potential energy is a stored energy of
position.
Yes, Francis. True.
Correct.
2. A ball rolling possess kinetic energy.
Yes, Janice. True.
Correct.
3. An object moving is said to possess
potential energy.
Yes, Hannah. False
Correct.
4. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed
by a moving object.
Yes, Luis. True
Correct.
5. A car at rest or 0 acceleration is an
example of object that has kinetic
energy.
Yes, Justine. False.

B. Engage

Let me ask you a question. Have you seen car

accidents before? Yes,Ma’am.

Which of the two vehicles had more The one that is moving fast.
damage? Yes.
Are you sure? By looking at the situation.
How did you know?
Let me ask your classmates. Do you agree on No ma’am
his answer?
Okay, Alexa says no. She doesn’t agree.
 So, that is what we are going to learn today. At
the end of our lesson today, you should be able
to

a. Make generalized statement on the

concept of relating speed to the
amount of energy possessed by a
body.
b. Appreciate kinetic and potential
energy.
c. Interpret results of information
gathered or observed

C. Explore

This time, you will be doing different

activities. I will let you perform different activities
that will help us learn more about potential and
kinetic energy.
I will give you a cards. The color of the
cards corresponds to your group. Group 1 will b
the color blue. Group 2 color red, group 3 color
orange, group 4 color green and group 5 color
yellow.
Go to your group now. Each group will have an
envelope. Inside the envelop is your assigned
task.

I will be giving you 10 min. in doing your activity . Group 1: Kinetic Energy
Complete the data by finding the kinetic energy
of the object.
1
KE = 2mv2

Assuming that balls with different sizes were

made to roll at the same speed. What is its
Kinetic energy?

Ball mass Velocity/speed Kinetic

Energy
1. 1 kg 4 m/s
2. 2 kg 4 m/s
3. 3 kg 4 m/s

A 1 kg. hammer is made to swing with different

speed. Find the Kinetic Energy.

Mass of Velocity /speed Kinetic

Hammer Energy
6 m/s
12 m/s
24 m/s
Follow – up questions.
1. To what data or information does the
kinetic energy of an object is dependent
to?
2. What happens to the kinetic energy of an
object if its mass is doubled and the
velocity remains the same?
3. How about if velocity is doubled and the
mass remains the same, what happens to
its kinetic energy?

Group 2Potential Energy

Complete the data by finding the potential

energy of the object.
PE = mgh
Where g = 9.8 m/s2

Three kids were performing their assignment in

science. Each kid has a block of wood of the same
size. The wood weighs 2 kgs. They need to
position the block of woods to 3 different levels.
Level 1 – 1 meter, Level 2 – 4 meters, Level 3 –
6 meters
Find the potential energy of each wood.

Mass Height/level Potential

Energy
1 m
4m
6m

Three children of different weights were asked to

jump from a height of 1.5 m above the ground.
What is the potential energy of every child?

weight of Height Potential

children Energy
1. 20 kgs
2. 30 kgs
3. 40 kgs

Follow – up questions.

1. What happens to the potential energy of

the object when it gets higher and higher
from the ground?
2. What happens to the potential energy
when the mass of the object gets bigger
and bigger?
Group 3 Predicting outcomes/Analyzing

Picture A Picture B

Look at the pictures.

Predict what would happen to the children in the
pictures. Think that the child in the tree have the
same weight to the child on top of a 5 storey
building.

Questions.

1. What information would you gather

first before predicting what would
happen?

2. Predict what would likely to happen

to both children. (child swinging on
the tree and child on top of the
building.)

3. Suppose the child in the tree and the

child in the building would both fall in
the ground, what do you think would
happen to them?

4. Which child had acquired greater

damage? Why?
 Group 4 :Moving Cars
Two vehicles with different masses.

Small car = 10 kgs

Truck = 30 kgs

K.E.small car = K.E.truck

1
KE = 2mv2
Questions:
1. Which of the vehicles require greater
velocity to make the kinetic energy equal?
Which require less velocity?
2. What does it mean when a vehicle has
greater velocity? lesser velocity?

3. Make a conclusion based on your answers.

Group 5 Video observation

Video A – car racing
Video B – street car accident

Watch the video of a car race and a video of a car

driving at normal speed that had accident.

1. Which of the two videos has caused

much damage to property or life?

2. What conclusion can you make based on

what you’ve seen and the information
about the kinetic energy of an object?

Yes, Ma’am.
Are you ready?
Students perform their activity by group.
You may start doing the activities now.

Time is up. Please return to your proper

seats. Let’s begin the output presentation.
After the activity, the outputs will be presented
by a representative in each group.
D. Explain
(The teacher elaborates the explanation or
results of the students by group.)

As you look at the output of the Group 1 you can Ball mass Velocity/speed Kinetic
see that if the mass is doubled and the velocity Energy
remains the same, the kinetic energy is also 1. 1 kg 4 m/s 8J
doubled. Ifvelocity is doubled but the mass 2. 2 kg 4 m/s 16J
remains the same, the kinetic energy is 3. 3 kg 4 m/s 24 J
quadrupled.
Mass of Velocity /speed Kinetic
Hammer Energy
1 kg 6 m/s 18J
1 kg 12 m/s 72 J
1 kg 24 m/s 288 J

As to the potential energy of an object, the Mass Height/level Potential

higher the object is from the ground, the greater Energy
its potential energy. The more massive an object 2kgs. 1 m 19.6 J
is, the greater is its potential energy 2kgs. 4m 78.4 J
2kgs. 6m 117.6 J

Weight of Height Potential

children Energy
1. 20 kgs 1.5 m 294 J
2. 30 kgs 1.5 m 441 J
3. 40 kgs 1.5 m 588 J

Let’s proceed to the Group 3. There are two Yes, ma’am

pictures being presented. Have you tried falling
from a tree?
How about on a building? No.
But we’ve seen in videos or movies of
individuals falling from a building.
Okay. What form of energy is shown here? Potential energy.
Yes, it shows the potential energy.
How did the child gain potential energy? He gain potential energy by walking up
the stairs or by climbing up on a tree.
Correct.
Which of the children has greater potential The boy on top of the building.
energy? We just learned that the higher the
Why did you say so? object is from the ground, the greater is its
potential energy.

Very good. By looking at the output of

group 2.
Now, the question is suppose the child fall from
the tree as well as the child from the building.
What happened to its potential energy? It is changed to kinetic energy.
Very good. Because the falling object is in
motion. That’s why potential energy is changed
to kinetic energy.
What was the prediction of group 3?
Who can repeat from the other group? The child from the tree might have minor
fracture or nothing happens whereas the child
from the building might lost his life or dead by
the time he reaches the ground.
So, the child from the building acquired greater
damage compared to the child on the tree.

But what is the factor that made the difference in

the prediction? It is the height of the tree and the
building.
This activity is the illustration of the
activity of group 2.
What will be the conclusion for this activity
with regards to the potential energy of an object
and the damage or impact that it could make? We can say that the greater the potential
energy of an object the greater is the damage
that it could make.

Correct. Let’s proceed to group 4 activity.

(Show the picture)]

In real life situations, as you go out in your

house ready to come to school, you will see big
and small vehicles. Are you affected by this
vehicles running along the streets? Yes, Ma’am.
Yes, very much. That’s why I included them
in our lesson.

Now, this activity represents the activity of group

1. Kinetic Energy with the equation
1
KE = 2mv2
Which of the vehicles require greater velocity to The smaller car with its mass of 10 kgs.
make the kinetic energy equal? Which require require greater velocity to make the kinetic
less velocity? energy of the two vehicles equal. The truck
requires lesser velocity.

Yes, that is correct.

K.E truckK.E small car

1 1
=
2
mv2 =
2
mv2

1 1
= 2 (30) (____)2 =2 (10) (____)2
 To make the kinetic energy of the two
vehicles equal, small car needs to increase in
velocity in order to cope with the kinetic energy
of the truck. Let’s say the velocity of the truck is
5. So the small car must have greater velocity
than the truck in order to cope with its kinetic
energy.

K.E truck K.E small car

1 1
= mv2 = mv2
2 2

1 1
= 2 (30) (5)2 = 2 (10) (__?__)2
= 15 (25) = 5 ( 8.66)2
= 375 J = 5 (75)
= 375 J

What does it mean when a vehicle has greater A vehicle with greater velocity runs faster
velocity? lesser velocity? than to a vehicle with lesser velocity.

Correct. With this solution, it’s clear that

smaller vehicles run faster than bigger or heavier
vehicles.

Make a conclusion based on your answers. Therefore, I can say that smaller cars runs
faster compared to trucks or bigger vehicles at
equal energy.

Correct.

Let’s proceed to the Group 5’s activity, video A

and B show car accidents.
By watching at the video, which video the
cars are speeding much? Video A Ma’am, car racing.
Yes, What can you say about the kinetic
energy of the cars in video A and B.? The kinetic energy of the cars in video A
are much higher than the cars in video B.
Correct. You can see in the output of group
1 that as the velocity increases the kinetic energy
quadruples or increase by 4 times.
Which of the 2 videos we should consider
dangerous or fatal? Video A can be considered fatal and
dangerous Ma’am.
Why? Because of its high speed.

So, what conclusion can we make based on this Therefore, I conclude that the faster the
information? car or vehicle, the higher it’s kinetic energy and
the more dangerous or more fatal.

Very good.
E. Elaborate

This time, I will be presenting situations.

Just choose the correct answer.

1. Which object has least amount of kinetic B. Car travelling 20 miles per hour.
energy?
a. Truck travelling 25 miles per hour.
b. Car traveling 20 miles per hour
c. Car traveling 25 miles per hour.
d. Truck traveling 45 miles per hour.

2. Two objects are traveling at the same

speed. Object A has more mass than
object B. Which of the following is true? C. Object A has more kinetic energy
a. Both objects have the same kinetic
energy.
b. Object A has less kinetic energy
c. Object A has more kinetic energy
d. None of the above

3. A baseball has a mass of 145 grams. A

pitcher can increase the kinetic energy of C. throwing it as hard as possible
a baseball by____________.
a. removing some of the stiches
b. dying it black
c. throwing it as hard as possible
d. making sure it stays in the strike zone

4. If the speed of the object decreases, it’s B. Kinetic energy

________ will decrease.
a. Weight
b. Kinetic energy
c. Mass
d. None of the above

F. Evaluation

Choose the correct answer.

1. The kinetic energy of an object will 1. b

double if ________________
a. The mass doubles and the velocity
remains the same.
b. The mass remains the same and
the velocity doubles
c. Both the mass and the velocity
double
d. Either the mass or velocity doubles

2. A baseball has a mass of 145 grams. 2. b

What other information is needed in
order to calculate its maximum kinetic
energy between the pitcher and the
catcher?
a. Whether it was thrown overhand
or underhand or sidearm
b. Its maximum speed
 c. Whether or not it went through the
strike zone
d. Its maximum height off the ground.

3. Two objects are traveling at the same 3. a

speed. Object A has less mass than
object B. Which of the following is not
true?
a. Object A has less matter in it than
object B
b. Object A has less kinetic energy
than object B.
c. The objects have the same kinetic
energy.
d. None of the above

4. The kinetic energy of a falling object 4. a

increases over time because it
__________.
a. Accelerates
b. Gets closer to the ground
c. Undergoes functional heating
d. Becomes more streamlined in
shape
5. If the speed of an object doubles, what 5. d
will the effect be on the kinetic energy of
an object?

a. It will double
b. It will increase by 8
c. It will decrease by half
d. It will increase by 4 times

G. Extend

Assignment:

1. How do you find kinetic and potential

energy?
2. Is kinetic and potential energy equal?
3. What happen to the potential energy of a
rock as rocks fall off a cliff?

Prepared by :

LIEZEL C. DELA PENA

Demonstration Teacher