TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES

Morong, Rizal
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Senior High School
School Year 2018 - 2019

KAKAWATE LEAVES (GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM) AS MOSQUITO COIL

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Charmaine Ericka De Guzman

Kiana Louise De Ungria
Cielo Louise Dominguez
Zildjan Keith Francisco
Renjfierre Maddatu
Brian John Madrid
Martin Angelo Ortega
Eljay San Andres
Kim Eliz Ulic-Ulic
Hannah Grace Yim

March 2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL SHEET

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

DEDICATION

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Objectives

Statement of the problem

Hypothesis

Setting of the study

Conceptual Framework

Significance of the study

Definition of Terms

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

Local Literature

3 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

Research Design

Subject of the study

Materials used in the study

Procedural design

Procedure of the study

 Dedication

This is dedicated to our family and friends who supported us. We

appreciate the special feeling of gratitude to our parents that gave personal
sacrifices and unconditional love. Their words of encouragement pushed us to be
the best that we can be into this journey. They are a big part of our lives and will
be forever thankful for the support and love they give.

Special thanks to our close friends, who had the time to support us and
been there through our moments of ups and downs. We cherish their presence
during times of struggles.

Lastly, we are forever grateful for all the people who had been here
supporting us and believing on what we can achieve.
 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Ms. Georgete Boca our
Practical Research 1 teacher for guiding and providing us knowledge towards our
journey. She provided continuous support and optimism for us to strive further.
Without her presence, guidance, and persistent help this would not have been
possible.

We sincerely thank Ms. Rhoda Yson for her guidance and encouragement
into carrying this work. Being one of our panelists who humbly guided us into
achieving better. She showed nothing but support in our journey.
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Dengue is a disease that causes the death of many Filipino. Many

researchers and doctors’ experiments and studies show different ways to solve
the increasing number of dengue cases. They have come up with the solution of
using a mosquito coil, but it is proven that some mosquito coil products have a
hazardous chemical which can possibly harm someone’s health. The
researchers have thought a concept of making a mosquito coil that is organic and
contains fewer chemicals.

Organic mosquito coil is a type of a coil that doesn’t use artificial

chemicals which lessen the bad effect of those substances in the human body
system. One of the most frequently use organic material is lanzones peel
because of its chemical substance called tannin and just like the lanzones peel,
kakawate also possess this kind of chemical. Tannin is proven as an effective
chemical in making an insecticide which Kakawate leaves also have this
biochemical. Farmers who used Kakawate (as rat killers) observed that when
rats eat it, their hands stiffen, and they get bloated and die of hemorrhagic
poison. The active substance in Kakawate is not a rapidly acting substance and
needs repeated doses for it to be effective and unlike commercially prepared
mosquito coil; it is less lethal in case of accidents.

In an effort to help the government combat the disease and eradicate

mosquito carrier, the researchers determined the effect of Madre de Cacao
(Gliricidia sepium) leaf on mosquito larvae. Studies have shown that the plant
Madre de Cacao is an insect repellant and has the ability to kill many insects
which can become potential carrier of many diseases. At present there is still a
wide use of commercial and synthetic chemicals to destroy pests which are
potential carriers and are expensive. The researchers are aware of the risk of
high toxic chemical compounds and become interested in using natural
pesticides derive from plants as a means of destroying pests hence the conduct
of this study.
Objectives

1.) The objective is to produce an organic mosquito coil with the use of
Kakawate leaves (Gliricidia Sepium). Organic by means that it has fewer
chemicals that can harm someone’s health.
2.) The aim of the study is to determine if Kakawate leaves is an effective
mosquito coil.

Statement of the problem

It will specifically seek for the answer on the following questions

1. Do the Kakawate leaves as mosquito have a capacity to decrease the

number of mosquitoes in a specific area?
2. Is there any significant difference between Kakawate leaves (Gliricidia
Sepium) as mosquito coil and other commercialize mosquito coil in terms
of their effect on human’s health?

Hypothesis

Based on the formulated research problem, this study hypothesized that

Kakawate leaves (Gliricidia sepium) as mosquito coil have no significant
difference with those commercialize coils in terms of causing health risk on
human’s body.

Setting of the Study

The study will be conducted at brgy. San Guillemo, brgy. Maybancal, brgy.
San Juan, brgy. San Pedro and brgy. Lagundi that is located at Morong, Rizal
Philippines. These places were recently become mosquito habitats due to the
weather that causes some people to have dengue. Province of Rizal is part of
Region IV-A Calabarzon that also show a huge number of dengue cases.
Figure 1 show the map of Morong, Rizal
Conceptual Framework

The study is guided by IV-DV model as shown in Figure 2. The three

frames refer to the independent variables. The independent variable consists of
the things or materials needed to conduct this study such as the kakawate
leaves, kakawate extract, charcoal, hot water and gum powder or gum Arabic.

The second box contains the process on how to make a mosquito coil.
The following process are; preparing the materials, drying of the leaves,
extracting of the leaves, mixing of the ingredients, molding o the made substance
and letting dry on another days.

The third box contains the finished product or the output which is an
effective kakawate leaves (Glricidia Sepium) as a mosquito coil.

The line of the output to the input is feedback if ever when conducting the
study have.
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Dried Kakawate a) Prepare the needed

leaves materials.
 Kakawate
# Extract b) Sundry the
 Charcoal kakawate leaves
 Hot Water c) Extract some Kakawate leaves
 Gum Powder kakwate leaves (Gliricidia Sepium) as a
d) Mixing of mosquito coil
ingredients.
e) Molding of the
substance
f) Drying the home
made coil in few
days

Feedback

Figure 2

Conceptual Model of the Kakawate leaves (Gliricidia Sepium) as mosquito coil

Significance of the study

The findings of this study are significant to the following:

People. This study will give some knowledge that Kakawate leaves, which
are being ignored by many people, are essential and can be use as mosquito
killer. It will help people prevent or lessen the number of casualties related to
mosquito diseases.

Society. The study will also contribute to the benefit of society knowing
that a lot of solution are already propose in killing mosquitoes but the numbers of
Filipino’s having dengue are still increasing around the globe.

Future Researchers. This will help them as they conduct similar studies
about mosquito coil and/or repellent.

Definition of terms

The following terms are operationally defined for common understanding:

Aedes aegypti - the yellow fever mosquito is a mosquito that can spread dengue
fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other
diseases.

Dengue - is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

Kakawate leaves (Gliricidia Sepium) - an adaptable, fast growing, precociously

seeding tree, with the ability to disperse seeds up to 40 m from the parent tree
from exploding pods. It is a colonizer of disturbed ground and has become a
weed in Jamaica, is regarded as a potential weed in Australia, though in many
countries its ability to spread is restricted because of the low frequency at which
it sets seeds. It is a moderate or potentially invasive species.

Hazardous chemical - as defined by the Hazard Communication Standard

(HCS) is any chemical which can cause a physical or a health hazard.

Insecticides - substances used to kill insects. They include avicides and

larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively.

Mosquito coil - a spiral typically made from a dried paste of pyrethrum powder,
which when lit burns slowly to produce a mosquito-repellent smoke.

Organic - produced or involving production without the use of chemical

fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial agents.
Tannin- a yellowish or brownish bitter-tasting organic substance present in some
galls, barks, and other plant tissues, consisting of derivatives of gallic acid, used
in leather production and ink manufacture.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

The review of the study focuses on the different related literature and
studies that can help the present study to be specific this study will focus in the
mosquito coils and in Gliricidia sepium (kakawate) leaves. Facts were from the
Internet in order to get the needed information for the study.

Foreign Literature

Beever (2015) stated that, on any given day, numerous confounding

variables affect mosquito bite frequency. These include the ambient temperature,
wind speed, and humidity; the species of mosquito, the mosquitoes’ level of
hunger, and the density of the mosquito population; and the test subject’s age,
sex, activity level, and biochemical attractiveness to the mosquito. In this study,
measures were taken to minimize or eliminate these variables. For instance, the
potential effect of variations in test subject age, sex, activity level, and
biochemical attractiveness to the mosquitoes were eliminated by using a single
test subject. Further, the effect of variations in ambient temperature, wind speed,
and humidity, as well as variations in mosquito species, hunger, and density
were minimized by testing all four body sites, all three insect repellents, and the
placebo simultaneously.

Phillips (2012) implies that, the insecticidal activity of 4 mosquito coils

containing pyrethroid ester insecticides and 1 mosquito coil containing 15%
citronella oil was evaluated against adult female Anopheles albimanus, Aedes
albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Two of the pyrethroid mosquito coils
containing 0.08% meperfluthrin showed the strongest insecticidal activity, and all
4 pyrethroid coils produced significantly higher mortality than the citronella coil
across all 3 test species

According to Cofie (2009), the report is said have emphasised that the
billows of smoke from the burning coil that keeps the mosquitoes at bay also find
their way into the lungs of humans. Sometimes a mosquito coil user catches a
cold, nose gets stuffed up and his throat is scratchy. According to experts,
mosquito coils are made mostly from a chemical named pyrethrum, which stings
the eyes of mosquitoes and thus keep them at bay. Pyrethrum has been in use
for centuries as an insecticide, and is well trusted. It is natural extract from the
chrysanthemum flower, produced by drying the leaves of the flower. Breathing in
too much smoke is also said to increase the risk of asthma and cause persistent
wheezing in children. Smokeless coils do not make things any easier because
the harmful substances are still in the coil. According to reports, pyrethrum enters
the lungs while breathing, and at high doses, can potentially damage the central
nervous and immune systems. Common symptoms from exposure to pyrethrum
can include headache, nausea, vomiting, skin or eye irritation and inflammation.
If ingested, it can cause numbing of the tongue and lips, convulsions, muscular
fibrillation, respiratory issues and even death.
Local Literature

Calleja (2013) implied that Field demonstrations conducted in several

parts of the Ilocos region, Sta. Catalina said proved Rabena’s discovery that the
kakawate leaves’ botanopesticide effectively eliminated rice weevils, rice bugs
and worms in ricefields. The botanopesticide solution is prepared by way of
chopping the kakawate leaves and soaked in water overnight to extract
coumarins and using a strainer, the leaves are separated from the solution. The
resulting solution is sprayed to the ricefield and the best time to do it is from eight
o’clock to nine o’clock in the morning and from five o’clock to six o’clock in the
afternoon. These times, worms and pests are coming out from the leaves making
the solution more effective. If applied earlier or later, its effectiveness would not
be maximized as pests are still hibernating. Applying the solution under extreme
sunlight will also reduce its effectiveness as the pests hide from the heat of the
sun.

It is placed in Rodenticidal Potential of Gliricidia Sepium (2009) that

Gliricidia sepium (kakawate) is a multipurpose legume tree that is used in many
tropical and subtropical countries as a live fencing, fodder, coffee shade, green
manure, and rat poison. In Philippines, the extact obtained from its leaves is used
to remove external parasites. Gliricidia sepium (kakawate) is also used for its
medicinal and insect repellent properties. It is also a fast-growing ruderal species
that takes advantage of slash and bump practices in its native. Rats are some of
the hated pest in the Philippines because they feed on their properties like
clothes, shoes and more they can also cause diseases like Leptospirosis,
Eosinophilic reason, reaserchers developed a rodenticide out of gliricidia sepium
(kakawate) tree.
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

This chapter deals with the research design, it also describes the subject
and procedure of the study that deals with the step in making mosquito coil made
in kakawate leaves (Gliricidia Sepium).

Research Design

According to Key (1997), Experimental design is a blueprint of the

procedure that enables the researcher to test his hypothesis by reaching valid
conclusions about relationship between dependent and independent variables. It
also refers to the conceptual framework within which the experiment is
conducted.

This study applied variables which include experimental group (creating a

mosquito coil and testing its effect) and control subjects, specifically negative
control. Hence, it is appropriate to use experimental design to provide accurate
results and to determine if Kakawate leaves has the power to kill mosquitoes and
to see if it works better compared to commercialize coils. By using this research
design, an attempt is made to hold all other variables except the dependent
variable constant - control.

At first, Kakawate leaves are burnt in a place where there are a lot of
mosquitoes. After burning a one branch of kakawate leaves, the presence of
mosquitos’ decreases in an approximately four hours. The researchers then
proceed in experimenting and creating kakawate leaves as well as testing it in
mosquito habitats.

The proponents observe the effect of the mosquito coil within two days
and the presence of mosquitoes are not seen. To meet the study’s objective, the
researchers also compare the effect of Tiger Katol and Kakawate coil in terms of
killing mosquito and human health.

It is highly recommended that further studies must be done for the precise
results with the help of higher laboratory test and professional scientists.
SUBJECT OF THE STUDY

The subject of the study was focused in Kakawate (Gliricida Sepium)

Leaves.

Kakawate (Gliricidia Sepium) leaves

MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY

The materials that were used in the study were Dried Kakawate leaves,

Kakawate extract, charcoal, hot water, bowl, gum Arabic/gum powder, oven, foil,

mortar and pestle.

 Bowl

MORTAR AND PESTLE

Fresh Kakawate (Gliricidia

Sepium) leaves
 Gum Arabic

Oven

Activated Charcoal
Hot Water

Foil
Procedural Design

Preparing of
materials

Leaf
Extraction

Mixing of coil Molding and baking Drying of the finish

mixture of the coil product

Procedure of the Study

A. Preparing of Materials

The researchers fixed the needed materials and equipment before

proceeding to their actual experiment.

B. Leaf Extraction

The Kakawate leaves undergo extraction to withdraw its minerals and

make sure that the content will be mix on the mixture.
 C. Mixing of coil mixture

The dry and wet ingredients are mix until the materials act one. Mix
four spoons of Activated charcoal, 10 spoons of dried Kakawate leaves,
gum Arabic, Kakawate extract and hot water.

D. Molding and baking of coil

A made mosquito is wrapped in a foil which serves as a molding tool for

this study’s mixture. The mixture was baked in 200 degrees Fahrenheit for 15
minutes.
 E. Drying of the finish product

After the baking of the coil, the almost finished products are dried on the
sun for 3 days.