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Rrmass ..: A Rew

The document summarizes key aspects of the legal system in the United Kingdom, including: - The UK legal system distinguishes between public law, which relates to the state, and private law, which concerns relationships between individuals. Criminal law deals with criminal offenses while civil law concerns private disputes. - The constitution is not codified but based on statutes, common law, and conventions. The government derives its authority from the monarch. The parliament has two chambers: the House of Commons and House of Lords. - The UK has four constituent countries each with their own courts and legal professions, though they share the Westminster Parliament and common law tradition. Devolved governments have been established in Scotland, Wales, and Northern

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44 views1 page

Rrmass ..: A Rew

The document summarizes key aspects of the legal system in the United Kingdom, including: - The UK legal system distinguishes between public law, which relates to the state, and private law, which concerns relationships between individuals. Criminal law deals with criminal offenses while civil law concerns private disputes. - The constitution is not codified but based on statutes, common law, and conventions. The government derives its authority from the monarch. The parliament has two chambers: the House of Commons and House of Lords. - The UK has four constituent countries each with their own courts and legal professions, though they share the Westminster Parliament and common law tradition. Devolved governments have been established in Scotland, Wales, and Northern

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Nguyễn Đức Tiến
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Legal systems

- Th e structure of the law

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The legal system in the United Kin gdom (UK)


The study of law distinguishes between public offender. Civil law concerns relationships
law and private law, but in legal practice in between pnvate persons, their rights, and
the UK the diStinction between civil law and the1r dut1es. It IS also concerned wlth conduct
criminal law is more important to practising which may give rise to a claim by a legal
lawyers. Public law relates to the state. It is person for compensation or an injunction
concerned with laws which govern pr ocesses - an order made by the court. However, each
in local and national government and conflicts field of law tends to overlap with others. For
b etw een the Individual and the sta t e in areas exampl e~ a road accident case may lead to a
such as Immigration and social security. cnm•nal prosecution as well as a civil action
Pri vate law is concerned with the re lationships for compensation .
between legal persons, tha l 1S, individuals
and corporat ions, and includes family law, Substantive law creates, defines or
co ntract law and property law. Criminal law regulates rights , liabilities, and duties
deals with certain f orms of conduct for which m all areas of law and Is contrasted with
the state reserves punishment, for example procedural law, wh1ch defines the procedure
murder and theft. The state prosecutes the by which a l a w 1S to be enforced .

- The consti tution

The head of state IS the monarch, currently the IS be1ng earned out 1n the upper house, the
Queen in the UK, but the government carries House of Lords, where it is proposed that the
the authority of the Crown (the monarch). The majority of members be appointed, w1th a
Westminster Parli ament has two ch amber s: minority e l ect e d, replacing the hereditary
the House of Lords and the House of Comrnons, peers. There is no written constitution, but
which sit separate ly and are constituted constitutional law cons1sts of statut e l aw
on differen t prl nc1ples. The Commons is an (see Unit 2), common l aw (see Un1t 3), and
elected body of members. Substantial reform con stitutional con ventions.

····~·· Jurisdiction
There are four countries and three distinct the Scottish Parliam ent has power to legisl ate
jurisdictions m the United Kingdom: England on any subJeCt not speci~cally r eserved to
and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. the Westminster Parliament such as defence
All shar e a legislature in the Westminster or f ore1gn pol1cy. The UK's accession to the
Parliament for the making of new laws and European Communities in 1973, authorised
have a common law tr adition, but each has by the European Communit1es Act 1972, has
its own hierarchy of courts, legal rules and meant t he addit1on of a further l egislative
legal pr ofession. Wales and Northern Ireland authority in the legal system. The UK is also
ea ch have their own Assembly and s ince a si gnatory of the European Convention of
1999 Scottish M embers of Parliament Human R1ghts and this has been incorporated
(SMPs) have sat in the1r own Parliament. into UK law.
Under an Act of the Westminster Parliament,

8 Pro(ess•onol English m Use Low

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