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Secondary Sources: ἱστορία, ‘historia', meaning "inquiry"

This document discusses history, historiography, and the historical method. It defines history as an interpretation of records from the past, while the past refers to everything that actually occurred. Primary sources are eyewitness accounts created at the time of an event, while secondary sources are removed from the original event. The goal of historians is to reconstruct the total past of mankind using primary and secondary sources and the historical method, which involves selecting subjects, collecting and examining sources for genuineness, and extracting information from sources. Historical criticism examines sources internally in terms of validity and externally in terms of historical context to understand the meaning and impact for the original audience.

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Cherie Mae Morcillos
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44 views2 pages

Secondary Sources: ἱστορία, ‘historia', meaning "inquiry"

This document discusses history, historiography, and the historical method. It defines history as an interpretation of records from the past, while the past refers to everything that actually occurred. Primary sources are eyewitness accounts created at the time of an event, while secondary sources are removed from the original event. The goal of historians is to reconstruct the total past of mankind using primary and secondary sources and the historical method, which involves selecting subjects, collecting and examining sources for genuineness, and extracting information from sources. Historical criticism examines sources internally in terms of validity and externally in terms of historical context to understand the meaning and impact for the original audience.

Uploaded by

Cherie Mae Morcillos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History & Historiography – is an eyewitness account of what occurred and therefore dates

back to the actual time when the event took place


History
■ Secondary Sources
■ Etymology
– is produced after the event has occurred and therefore is not an
– from Greek ἱστορία, ‘historia’, meaning “inquiry” eyewitness account given by a person who was present when the
event occurred.
– Classical Latin as ‘historia’, meaning “investigation, inquiry,
research, account, description, written accounts of past events,
writing of history, historical narrative, recorded knowledge of the PRIMARY SECONDARY
past events, story, narrative”.

■ Why there is a need to be inquisitive?


• Created at the time of event • A summary or collection of
To search for the truth - history involves a closer examination of a matter in existing data
search for true information • First-hand information and original
data • One step removed from the
Past vs. History original event
• Can include:
■ Past- Everything that happened in the past – the events, the people who lived, • Will have a full citation of the
the thoughts they had -interviews, diaries, letters, journals, original sources (bibliography)

■ History- An interpretation, or rather a process by which people interpret speeches • Can include:
records left over from the past
-autobiographies -textbooks
It exists in:
-articles with original research, data, or -Review Articles
Artifacts
new findings -Biographies
Written accounts
-Government documents and public -Historical films, music, and art
Memory
records -Articles about people and events
“Left-over” of the past
-art, maps, photographs, films, and from the past
Goal of Historian:
music -and more
Reconstruction of total past of mankind.
-artifacts, buildings, furniture, clothing

-and more
Historical Method

■ The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survival of
the past. Check PPT

Historical Sources Method of Historical Analysis

■ Primary Sources 1. Selection of subject


2. Collection of sources Methods of Historical Criticism

3. Examination of genuineness • Guiding Questions:

4. Extraction from sources • Who Wrote the Text, and To Whom is the Text Written?

• What was Written, and What Actually Happened?

• When was the Text Written?

HISTORICAL CRITICISM • Why did the Writer Write this Text?

■ Also known as historicism or higher criticism, refers to the study of literary


texts, in terms of their historical origins and development within those
contexts.

■ More with helping reader understand the work by reacting the exact meaning
and impact it had on its original audience.

Types of Historical Criticism

EXTERNAL (Content)

• concerned with establishing the authenticity or genuineness of data.

• Considers the ff:

-the historical context of the source (time and place it was written and the situation
at the time

- the author’s background, intent, and authority of the subject

- the source’s relevance and meaning today

INTERNAL (Context)

• concerned with the validity, credibility, or worth of the content of the


document

• Considers the ff:

- author’s main argument or points of view

- biases

- author’s claim based on the evidences presented or other available evidence at the
time.

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