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Abu Ja'Far Muhammad Bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi (Father of Algebra and Algorithm)

Al-Khawarizmi was an influential mathematician and astronomer born in 780 AD in Uzbekistan. He introduced algebra and algorithms to mathematics. He authored influential books on algebra, arithmetic, astronomy, and geography. Al-Khawarizmi introduced the concept of algorithms to computer science and is considered the father of algebra. He also introduced the number 0 to the world and developed trigonometric tables. Al-Khawarizmi made major contributions to mathematics and science through his works, which are still used today.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
183 views4 pages

Abu Ja'Far Muhammad Bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi (Father of Algebra and Algorithm)

Al-Khawarizmi was an influential mathematician and astronomer born in 780 AD in Uzbekistan. He introduced algebra and algorithms to mathematics. He authored influential books on algebra, arithmetic, astronomy, and geography. Al-Khawarizmi introduced the concept of algorithms to computer science and is considered the father of algebra. He also introduced the number 0 to the world and developed trigonometric tables. Al-Khawarizmi made major contributions to mathematics and science through his works, which are still used today.

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ABU JA’FAR MUHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHAWARIZMI

(FATHER OF ALGEBRA AND ALGORITHM)

Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa


al-Khawarizmi. He was born in
Khwarizm, Uzbekistan in 194 AH
/ 780 AD When he was a boy, his
parents moved to a place south
of Baghdad (now called Iraq). In
the Western world, it is known
as Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Cowarizmi,
Al-Ahawizmi, Al-Karismi, Al-
Goritmi, Al-Gorismi and others.

Al-Khawarizmi is known as the


person who introduced the
concept of algorithm in
mathematics which is then
applied in the computer. That's why this concept is called Algorism / Algorithm taken
from the last name. Algorithms are generally used to create flowcharts in computer
science / informatics.

His versatility and intelligence led him into the neighborhood of Dar al-Hukama (House
of Wisdom), a research and development institution of science founded by Ma'mun Ar-
Rashid, a famous Abbasid caliph. He also worked in an observatory of mathematics and
astronomy. In addition he is also believed to lead the library caliph.

Al-Khwarizmi was the first to introduce the theory of algebra and hisab. As we know, the
name algebra is derived from his famous book entitled al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-
Muqabalah (Summary of Algebra and Comparative Calculations). It also contributes the
right foot triangle theorem, the height and the triangular area, and the wide range of
parallelogram and circle. He developed a table of trigonometric details containing sine,
cosine and kotangen functions as well as the concept of differentiation. Hence Al-
Khawarizmi also referred to as Mr. Algebra.

Al-Khawarizmi also introduced to the world of science the number 0 (zero) which in
Arabic is called sifr. The new zero is known and used by Westerners about 250 years
after being discovered by al-Khawarizmi. Previously scientists used the abacus, a sort of
list showing units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on, to keep each number from
being interchanged from a predetermined spot in the count. Imagine, what would
happen if there were only nine numbers in numbers? Of course there will be problems,
such as from where the numbers appear tens, hundreds, to thousands and others.
Thanks to the zeros, the calculated arithmetic becomes more widespread and functions
properly.

Al-Khawarizmi is a brilliant scholar, proved by his great works which are very meritorious
in the development of mathematics and science and even still used until today.
Algorithms, trigonometry and even zeros are amazing ideas and perhaps even without
the discovery of much science that has not been revealed at this time. In addition we
can imagine how hard work he learned in several fields at once to become a leading
expert and scientist.

During his lifetime Al-Khawarizmi devoted himself to a lecturer at an honorary school in


Baghdad during the Caliph Caliph of the Abbasid Al-Ma'mun. Baghdad became the
center of science and the most complete library in the world. Al-Khawarizmi died at 262
H / 846 AD in Baghdad. Although he has long died, but the science he produces we still
use today.

Some forms of al-khawarizmi's work are:


1. Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala
The Book which summarizes the Completion and Balancing Calculations written in
830 and is the first book. This book summarizes the definition of algebra.
2. Dixit algorizmi
His second great book is about arithmetic, which survives in Latin, but disappears
from the original Arabic. The translation was done in the 12th century by Adelard of
Bath, which also translated the table of astronomy in 1126.
3. Kitāb ṣūrat al-Arḍ or Planetarium Reconstruction
His famous third book is about "The Book of the World" or "The Appearance of the
Earth", completed in 833. This book is a revision and refinement of Ptolemy's
Geography, comprising 2402 lists of city and place coordinates. Other geographical
sections follow the general development.
4. Zīj al-sindhind or Astronomical Table
Zīj al-sindhind is a work composed of 37 symbols on astronomical calendar
calculations and 116 tables with calendarial, astronomial and astrologial data as well
as current recognized data.
ABU JA’FAR MUHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHAWARIZMI
(BAPAK AL JABAR DAN ALGORITMA)

Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibnu


Musa al-Khawarizmi. Ia lahir di
Khwarizm, Uzbekistan pada
tahun 194 H/780 M. Ketika ia
masih kecil, kedua orang tuanya
pindah ke sebuah tempat di
selatan kota Baghdad (kalau
sekarang disebut Irak). Di dunia
Barat, ia dikenal sebagai Al-
Khawarizmi, Al-Cowarizmi, Al-
Ahawizmi, Al-Karismi, Al-Goritmi,
Al-Gorismi dan lainnya.

Al-Khawarizmi dikenal sebagai


orang yang memperkenalkan
konsep algoritma dalam matematika yang kemudian diaplikasikan dalam komputer.
Oleh sebab itulah konsep ini disebut Algorism/Algoritma yang diambil dari nama
belakangnya. Algoritma umumnya digunakan untuk membuat diagram alur (flowchart)
dalam ilmu komputer/informatika.

Kepandaian dan kecerdasannya mengantarkannya masuk ke lingkungan Dar al-Hukama


(Rumah Kebijaksanaan), sebuah lembaga penelitian dan pengembangan ilmu
pengetahuan yang didirikan oleh Ma’mun Ar-Rasyid, seorang khalifah Abbasiyah yang
terkenal. Ia juga bekerja dalam sebuah observatory yaitu tempat belajar matematika
dan astronomi. Selain itu ia juga dipercaya untuk memimpin perpustakaan khalifah.

Al-Khawarizmi merupakan orang pertama yang memperkenalkan teori aljabar dan hisab.
Seperti yang kita ketahui, nama aljabar diambil dari bukunya yang terkenal yang
berjudul al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabalah (Ringkasan Perhitungan Aljabar
dan Perbandingan). Ia juga menyumbangkan teorema segitiga sama kaki yang tepat,
perhitungan tinggi serta luas segitiga, dan luas jajaran genjang serta lingkaran. Ia
mengembangkan tabel rincian trigonometri yang memuat fungsi sinus, kosinus dan
kotangen serta konsep diferensiasi. Oleh karena itulah Al-Khawarizmi juga disebut
sebagai Bapak Aljabar.

Al-Khawarizmi juga memperkenalkan kepada dunia ilmu pengetahuan tentang angka 0


(nol) yang dalam bahasa Arab disebut sifr. Angka nol baru dikenal dan dipergunakan
orang Barat sekitar 250 tahun setelah ditemukan oleh al-Khawarizmi. Sebelumnya para
ilmuwan mempergunakan abakus, semacam daftar yang menunjukkan satuan, puluhan,
ratusan, ribuan, dan seterusnya, untuk menjaga agar setiap angka tidak saling tertukar
dari tempat yang telah ditentukan dalam hitungan. Bayangkan, apa jadinya jika deret
angka hanya ada sembilan angka saja? Tentu akan muncul permasalahan, seperti dari
mana muncul angka puluhan, ratusan, hingga ribuan dan lainnya. Berkat angka nol,
deret hitung menjadi semakin luas dan berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya.
Al-Khawarizmi adalah cendekiawan yang cemerlang, terbukti dengan karya-karya
besarnya yang sangat berjasa dalam perkembangan ilmu matematika dan sains dan
bahkan masih terpakai hingga saat ini. Algoritma, trigonometri bahkan angka nol adalah
ide luar biasa dan bahkan mungkin tanpa penemuanya banyak ilmu yang belum
terungkap saat ini. Selain itu dapat kita bayangkan bagaimana kerja keras beliau dalam
mempelajari beberapa bidang sekaligus hingga menjadi seorang expert dan ilmuan
terkemuka.

Semasa hidupnya Al-Khawarizmi mengabdikan diri menjadi seorang tenaga pengajar di


sekolah kehormatan di Baghdad pada jaman Khalifah Bani Abbasiyah Al-Ma’mun.
Baghdad pun menjadi pusat ilmu pengetahuan dan perpustakaan terlengkap di dunia.
Al-Khawarizmi meninggal pada 262 H/846 M di Baghdad. Walaupun ia sudah lama
meninggal, namun ilmu yang ia hasilkan masih kita gunakan hingga saat ini.

Beberapa bentuk hasil karya al-khawarizmi, diantaranya ialah :


1. Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala
Kitab yang merangkum Perhitungan Pelengkapan dan Penyeimbangan yang ditulis
pada tahun 830 dan merupakan buku pertama. Kitab ini merangkum definisi
aljabar.
2. Dixit algorizmi
Buku kedua besar beliau ialah tentang aritmatika, yang bertahan dalam Bahasa
Latin, tapi hilang dari Bahasa Arab yag aslinya. Translasi dilakukan pda abad ke-
12 oleh Adelard of Bath, yang juga menerjemahkan tabel astronomi pada 1126.
3. Kitāb ṣūrat al-Arḍ atau Rekonstruksi Planetarium
Buku ketiga beliau yg terkenal ialah tentang “Buku Pemandangan Dunia” atau
“Kenampakan Bumi”, yang selesai pada tahun 833. Buku ini merupakan revisi dan
penyempurnaan Geografi Ptolemeus, terdiri dari 2402 daftar koordinat kota dan
tempat. Bagian geografis lainnya mengikuti perkembangan umum.
4. Zīj al-sindhind atau Tabel Astronomi
Zīj al-sindhind ialah karya yg terdiri dari 37 simbol pada kalkulasi
kalender astronomi dan 116 tabel dengan kalenderial, astronomial dan data
astrologial sebaik data yang diakui sekarang.

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