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Land Pollution: 1. Types & Source of Solid Wastes

Solid waste management involves the collection, treatment, and disposal of solid materials that are no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can lead to pollution and disease. There are various types of solid waste including organic waste, toxic waste, recyclables, and hospital waste. Common methods for solid waste disposal include sanitary landfilling, incineration, composting, and pyrolysis. Sanitary landfilling involves compacting and covering waste in thin layers to prevent groundwater contamination, while incineration reduces waste to ash through burning. Composting converts biodegradable waste into nutrient-rich humus through microorganisms, and pyrolysis chemically decomposes waste through heat without oxygen.

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74 views3 pages

Land Pollution: 1. Types & Source of Solid Wastes

Solid waste management involves the collection, treatment, and disposal of solid materials that are no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can lead to pollution and disease. There are various types of solid waste including organic waste, toxic waste, recyclables, and hospital waste. Common methods for solid waste disposal include sanitary landfilling, incineration, composting, and pyrolysis. Sanitary landfilling involves compacting and covering waste in thin layers to prevent groundwater contamination, while incineration reduces waste to ash through burning. Composting converts biodegradable waste into nutrient-rich humus through microorganisms, and pyrolysis chemically decomposes waste through heat without oxygen.

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Land pollution

Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid


material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful.
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and
these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of
vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of
solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a
wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed
and solved.
Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. As long as
liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been
an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans
ever did.

Garbage: many broad categories of garbage are:

i. Organic waste: kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits.

ii. Toxic waste: old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and
pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish.

iii. Recyclable: paper, glass, metals, plastics.

iv. Hospital waste such as cloth with blood

1. Types & Source of Solid Wastes:


Basically solid waste can be classified into different types depending on
their source:
3. Methods of Solid Wastes Disposal:
i. Sanitary Landfill

ii. Incineration

iii. Composting

iv. Pyrolysis

i. Sanitary Land Filling:

In a sanitary landfill, garbage is spread out in thin layers, compacted and covered
with clay or plastic foam. In the modern landfills the bottom is covered with an
impermeable liner, usually several layers of clay, thick plastic and sand. The liner
protects the ground water from being contaminated due to percolation of leachate.

ii. Incineration:
The term incinerates means to burn something until nothing is left but ashes. An
incinerator is a unit or facility used to burn trash and other types of waste until it is
reduced to ash.

iii. Composting:

Due to shortage of space for landfill in bigger cities, the biodegradable yard waste
(kept separate from the municipal waste) is allowed to degrade or decompose in a
medium. A good quality nutrient rich and environmental friendly manure is formed
which improves the soil conditions and fertility.
Composting is a biological process in which micro-organisms, mainly fungi and
bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into humus like substance. This finished
product, which looks like soil, is high in carbon and nitrogen and is an excellent
medium for growing plants.

iv. Pyrolysis:

Pyrolysis is a form of incineration that chemically decomposes organic materials by


heat in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis typically occurs under pressure and at
operating temperatures above 430 °C (800 °F).

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