What is a breadboard?
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes let you
easily insert electronic components to prototype (meaning to build and test an early version of)
an electronic circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and an LED (light-emitting
diode).
using a breadboard
What is a breadboard diagram?
A breadboard diagram is a computer-generated drawing of a circuit on a breadboard. Unlike
a circuit diagram or a schematic ; breadboard diagrams make it easy for beginners to follow
instructions to build a circuit because they are designed to look like the "real thing." For
example, this diagram shows a basic circuit with a battery pack, an LED, a resistor, and a
pushbutton, which looks very similar to the physical circuit:
Sometimes, breadboard diagrams might be accompanied by (or replaced with) written directions
that tell you where to put each component on the breadboard. For example, the directions for this
circuit might say:
1. Connect the battery pack's red lead to the power bus.
2. Connect the battery pack's black lead to the ground bus.
3. Connect the resistor from hole B12 to the ground bus.
4. Insert the pushbutton's four pins into holes E10, F10, E12, and F12.
5. Insert the LED's long lead into the power bus, and the short lead into hole J10.
Basic Working Principle Of An Induction Motor:
Alternating flux is produced around the stator winding due to AC supply. This alternating
flux revolves with synchronous speed. The revolving flux is called as "Rotating Magnetic
Field" (RMF).
The relative speed between stator RMF and rotor conductors causes an induced emf in the
rotor conductors, according to the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The rotor
conductors are short circuited, and hence rotor current is produced due to induced emf.
That is why such motors are called as induction motors.
(This action is same as that occurs in transformers, hence induction motors can be called
as rotating transformers.)
Now, induced current in rotor will also produce alternating flux around it. This rotor flux
lags behind the stator flux. The direction of induced rotor current, according to Lenz's law,
is such that it will tend to oppose the cause of its production.
As the cause of production of rotor current is the relative velocity between rotating stator
flux and the rotor, the rotor will try to catch up with the stator RMF. Thus the rotor rotates
in the same direction as that of stator flux to minimize the relative velocity. However, the
rotor never succeeds in catching up the synchronous speed. This is the basic working
principle of induction motor of either type, single phase of 3 phase.
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor(IGBT)
The insulated gate bipolar transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device and these
terminals are named as gate, emitter and collector. Emitter and collector terminals of the IGBT
are associated with a conductance path & gate terminal is associated with its control. The
calculation of amplification is attained by the IGBT is a radio b/n its i/p & o/p signal. For a
conventional BJT, the sum of gain is nearly equivalent to the radio to the output current to the
input current which is termed as beta. The insulated gate bipolar transistors are mainly used in
amplifier circuits such as MOSFETS or BJTs.
The IGBT is mainly used in small signal amplifier circuits like BJT or MOSFET. When the
transistor combines the lower conduction loss of an amplifier circuit, then an ideal solid state
switch occurs which is perfect for in many applications of power electronics.
An IGBT is simply turned “ON”&”OFF” by activating and deactivating its Gate terminal. A
constant voltage +Ve i/p signal across the gate and emitter terminals will maintain the device in
active state, while assumption of the input signal will cause it to turn “OFF” similar to BJT or
MOSFET.
