Abrasion ,Pilling, pH , Tear, Tensile, Crease Recovery
M.Muslim Umair
BS(H) App.Chemistry
8th semester (Evening)
Abrasion and Abrasion Resistance Test
Method:
1. Four specimens, each of 38mm in diameter are cut by using the appropriate cutter.
2. Then they are mounted in the specimen holders with a circle of standard foam
backing behind the fabric. The specimens must be placed flat against the mounting block.
3. The test specimen holders with the specimens are placed on the abradant.
4. A spindle is inserted through the top plate and the correct weight (usually of a size to give a
pressure of 12kPa but a lower pressure of 9kPa may be used if specified) is placed on top
of this.
5. The standard abradant should be replaced at the start of each test and also replaced after
each 50,000 cycles if the test is continued beyond this number.
6. While the abradant is replaced it is held flat by a weight and the retaining ring is tightened.
7. Behind the abradant, there is a standard backing felt which is replaced at longer intervals.
8. After appropriate clamping of specimen on the holders, required numbers of cycles of
abrasion is applied.
Pilling Test of Fabric | Pilling Phenomena
Pilling Test:
ICI BOX PILLING TEST:
1. For this test four specimens each 5 inch X 5 inch are cut from the fabric.
2. A seam allowance of 12mm is marked on the back of each square. In two of the samples the
seam is marked parallel to the warp direction and in the other two parallel to the weft
direction.
3. The samples are then folded face to face and a seam is sewn on the marked line.
4. This gives two specimens with the seam parallel to the warp and two with the seam parallel
to the weft.
5. Each specimen is turned inside out and 6mm cut off each end of it thus removing any sewing
distortion.
6. The fabric tubes made are then mounted on rubber tubes so that the length of tube showing
at each end is the same. Each of the loose ends is taped with poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)
tape so that 6mm of the rubber tube is left exposed as shown in Figure.
7. All four specimens are then placed in one pilling box.
8. The samples are then tumbled together in a cork-lined box as shown in Figure.
9. The usual number of revolutions used in the test is 18,000 which take 5 hrs.
Fabric Tearing Strength Test
Measurement of fabric tearing strength:
Elmendorf tear tester:
Sample Preparation:
1. First we take specimen of 100 ×75 .
2. The template is placed on the specimen and cut according to the template, which are given
below.
3. A slit is created at the middle point of the specimen, which range is 20 mm.
4. In the test, the Elmendorf continuous to tear the fabric from the end of the slit to the opposite
edge distance of 43mm.
5. Pendulum lever principle is used here.
Working Procedure:
1. The apparatus consists of a sector shaped pendulum carrying a moving sample clamp & a
fixed clamp on the frame.
2. When the pendulum is in the raised to starting position, the specimen is transferred between
the two clamps.
3. The tear is started by a slit cut in the specimen between the clamps.
4. The pendulum is then released & the specimen is torn as the moving clamp, moving away
from the fixes clamp.
5. The pointer attached to the pendulum, which is graduated to read the tearing force directly.
Fabric Tensile Strength Test Methods
Working Procedure :
1. The apparatus consists of a sector-shaped pendulum carrying a moving sample clamp and
the other clamp is fixed on the frame.
2. When the pendulum is in the raised starting position, the specimen is fastened between the
two clamps.
3. The tear is started by a slit cut in the specimen between the clamps.
4. The pendulum is then released and the specimen is torn as the moving clamp moves away
from the fixed one.
5. The pointer attached to the pendulum which is graduated to read the tearing force directly.
Crease Resistance and Recovery Test
Working Procedure :
1. A specimen is cut from the fabrics with a template 2 inch long by 1 inch wide.
2. It is carefully creased by folding in half placing it between two glass plates and adding a 2
kg weight.
3. After 1 min the weight is removed and the specimen transferred to the fabrics clamp on the
instrument and allowed to recover from crease.
4. As it recovers, the dial of the instrument is rotated to keep the free edge of the specimen in
line with the knife edge.
5. At the end of the time period allowed for recovery, usually 1 min the recovery angle in
degrees is read on the engraved scale.
6. Warp and weft way recovery are reported separately to the nearest degree from the mean
values of ten tests in each direction
pH of the Water-Extract from Wet Processed Textiles
Procedure
Boil 250 mL of destillated water at a moderate rate for 10 min. Immerse thespecimen,
cover the beaker with a watch glass and boil for an additional 10min.9.2. Allow the
covered beaker and contents to cool to room temperature. Removethe specimen with
tweezers, allowing the excess liquid to drip back into theextract.9.3. Determine the pH
of the extract using a pH meter operated according tomanufacturer’s instructions
