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Soares et al. found that Indian school children carrying heavy backpacks experienced pressure marks, stooping posture, and pain in the neck, upper back, and shoulders that was absent during holidays. The upper back, neck, and shoulders were the most common pain locations, followed by the forearm and wrist. Hong et al. found signs of muscle fatigue in the upper trapezius muscles of children after 10 minutes of prolonged walking with backpack loads of 15-20% of their body weight. Grimmer KA, Williams MT, Gill TK (1999) examined the effect of backpack weight on adolescent posture by investigating the response of the craniovertebral angle to backpack load. Negrini S1, Carab

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55 views1 page

Foreign Literature

Soares et al. found that Indian school children carrying heavy backpacks experienced pressure marks, stooping posture, and pain in the neck, upper back, and shoulders that was absent during holidays. The upper back, neck, and shoulders were the most common pain locations, followed by the forearm and wrist. Hong et al. found signs of muscle fatigue in the upper trapezius muscles of children after 10 minutes of prolonged walking with backpack loads of 15-20% of their body weight. Grimmer KA, Williams MT, Gill TK (1999) examined the effect of backpack weight on adolescent posture by investigating the response of the craniovertebral angle to backpack load. Negrini S1, Carab

Uploaded by

Bernadette Naul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOREIGN LITERATURE

Soares et al. analysed backpack injuries in Indian school children, finding pressure
marks (redness and swelling) over the neck and shoulders, corresponding to
locations of the straps of the backpack, stooping posture while carrying the
backpack, pain or stiffness in the neck, upper back and shoulders predominantly
while carrying the backpack, and an absence of these symptoms during the school
holidays. Soares et al. also found the upper back (40%), neck (27%) and shoulders
(20%) were the most prevalent body regions in which pain was reported, followed
by the forearm and wrist at 7% and lower back at 6%.

Hong et al. found that when assessing the patterns of shoulder and abdominal
muscle activation during prolonged walking with loads of up to 15–20% of body
weight in children, signs of muscle fatigue were found in the upper trapezius
muscles after 10 min.

LOCAL LITERATURE
According to Grimmer KA, Williams MT, Gill TK (1999), a cross-sectional,
observational study, examining the effects of backpack weight on adolescent
posture investigates the response of the craniovertebral angle to backpack load.

According to Negrini S1, Carabalona R. (2002), a cross-sectional study was


conducted to investigate schoolchildren's subjective perceptions of their daily
backpack loads, to ascertain whether an association exists between these
sensations or the load itself and back pain, and to identify the school, family, and
personal factors that determine the backpack load, and that might, with a view to
primary prevention, be addressed with specific interventions.

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