MACHINE DRAWING

[ IN FIRST-ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD ]



By
V. M. PANCHAL  N. D. BHATT

Edition : 46th Edition : 2011

ISBN : 978-93-80358-46-8
Size : 170 mm × 240 mm
Binding : Paperback with 4 color Jacket Cover 
` 110.00
Pages : 350 + 16
Charotar 

About the book CoNteNt

This text-book follows: 1 : PRINCIPLESO
PRINCIPL ESOFPR
FPROJEC
OJECTION
TION
(i) the metric system of length measurement
measurement and 2: SHEETLAYO
SHEETL AYOUT
UTANDSKETC
ANDSKETCHING
HING
(ii)
(ii) r
rst
st-a
-ang
ngle
lem
met
etho
hod
dof
ofo
ort
rtho
hogr
grap
aphi
hic
cpr
proj
ojec
ectition
on.. 3: LINES,LETTERING
LINES,LE TTERINGANDDIMENS
ANDDIMENSIONING
IONING
4: CONVERSIONOFPICT
CONVERSION OFPICTORIAL
ORIALVIEWSINT
VIEWSINTOOR
OOR
However,thethird-angle
However,thethird-angleprojectionmethod
projectionmethodhasnotbeen
hasnotbeencompletelyignored.
completelyignored. THOGRAPHIC VIEWS
5: SECT
SECTIONA
IONALV
LVIEW
IEWS S
It describesin
Itdescr ibesin an
aneasy-
easy-to-fol
to-followstyle
lowstyle andwith appli
applicatio
cation
n of
oftheprincipl
theprinciples
esof
ofortho
orthograph
graphic
ic
6: ORTHOGRA
ORTHOGRAPHICREADI
PHICREADINGORINTE
NGORINTERPRET
RPRETAT
ATION
ION
projection,forms,proportionsandusesofsimplemachine,engineandboilerparts.Chapterson
OF VIEWS
elementsofproductiondrawings,assemblyd
elementsofproduction drawings,assemblydrawingsandeleme
rawingsandelementsofcomputeraidedd
ntsofcomputeraideddrafting
rafting
7: SCRE
SCREWT
WTHREA
HREADS DS
(CADr)arealsogiven.
8: SCREWED
SCREWEDFAST
FASTENINGS
ENINGS
Thetechniquesoffreehandsketching,dimensioning,conversionofpictorialviews,sectional 9: KEYS,COT
KEYS,COTTER-JOINTS,
TER-JOINTS,PIN-JOINTS
PIN-JOINTS
viewsandinterpretationofviewaretreatedinclearandsimplemanner.Mostoftheorthographic 10 : PIP
PIPEJ
EJOIN
OINTS
TS
viewsareaccompaniedbythepictorialviewsoftheobjectstoen
viewsareaccompanied bythepictorialviewsoftheobjectstoenablethestudentstovisualize
ablethestudentstovisualize 11 : VAL
ALVE
VESS
theshapeseasily. 12 : RIVETEDJOI
RIVETEDJOINTS
NTSANDWELD
ANDWELDEDJOINTS
EDJOINTS
13 : SHAFTB
SHAFTBEARINGS,B
EARINGS,BRACKETS
RACKETSANDHANGE
ANDHANGERS RS
Thebook cover
covers
s the
thesylla
syllabi
bi of Machi
Machine
ne Drawi
Drawing
ngto
to meetthe requ
requireme
irements
ntsof
of Engin
Engineerin
eering
g 14 : SHAFTC
SHAFTCOUPLINGS,
OUPLINGS,CLUTCHES
CLUTCHESANDBRAKE
ANDBRAKES S
DegreestudentsofalltheIndianUniversitiesaswellasDiplomacoursesinvariousbranches 15 : PUL
PULLE
LEYS
YS
ofEngineeringconductedbytheDepartmentofTechnicalEducationforI.T.I.studentsandalso 16 : SPUR
SPURGEA
GEARING
RING
tothecandidatesreadingforthe
tothecandidatesreadingfortheA.M.I.E.andU.P
A.M.I.E.andU.P.S.C.,I.E.S.and
.S.C.,I.E.S.andothersimilarExamin
othersimilarExaminations.
ations. 17 : ENGI
ENGINEP
NEPART
ARTSS
18 : ELEMENTS
ELEMENTSOFPRODUCT
OFPRODUCTIONDRA
IONDRAWING
WING
19 : ASSE
ASSEMBL
MBLYD
YDRAW
RAWINGS
INGS
20 : ELEMENTS
ELEMENTSOFCOMPUTE
OFCOMPUTER-AIDEDDR
R-AIDEDDRAFTING
AFTING

Checklist 

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Civil Court Road, Post Box No.65,
No.65, ANAND 388 001 India
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(02692) 256237,
256237, Fax: (02692)
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 2
Chapter 1 : PRINCIPLES OF PROJECTION Chapter 4 : CONVERSION OF PICTORIAL VIEWS
1-0 Engineeringdrawing INTO ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1-1 Principleofprojection 4-0 Introduction
1-2 Methodsofprojection (i) First-angle projection method
1-3 Orthographicprojection (ii) Third-angle projection method
1-3-1 First-angleprojection 4-1 Orthographicprojection
1-3-2 Third-angleprojection 4-2 Procedureforpreparingascale-drawing
B.I.S. code of practice 4-3 Illustrativeproblems
Symbolsformethods of projection Exercises
Combination of two methods Solutions to exercises IV
1-4 Isometricprojection Chapter 5 : SECTIONAL VIEWS
1-5 Obliqueprojection 5-0 Introduction
1-6 Perspectiveprojection 5-1 Cutting-planeline
Exercises I 5-2 Typesofsectionalviews
Chapter 2 : SHEET LAYOUT AND SKETCHING 5-2-1 Fullsection
2-1 Sheetlayout 5-2-2 Half section
Sheet sizes Title block 5-2-3 Partialorbrokensection
Margin List of parts or the bill of materials 5-2-4 Revolvedsection
Border lines Revisions of drawing 5-2-5 Removedsection
Borders and frames Folding marks 5-2-6 Offsetsection
Orientation mark Scales and scale drawing 5-3 Sectioningconventions
Grid reference system 5-4 Hatching or section lines
2-2 Typesofmachinedrawings 5-5 Conventionsofsectionlines
(i) Production drawing Illustrative problems
(ii) Exploded assembly drawing Exercises V
(iii) Schematic assembly drawing Solutions to exercises V
(iv) Drawingforinstruction manual Chapter 6 : ORTHOGRAPHIC READING OR IN
(v) Drawing for installation TERPRETATION OF VIEWS
(vi) Drawing for catalogue 6-0 Introduction
(vii) Tabular drawing 6-1 Readingoforthographicviews(Blue-printreading)
(viii) Patent drawing 6-2 Missinglinesandmissingviews
2-3 Sketching 6-3 Identicationofplanes
Sketching materials To sketch circles and arcs Exercises VI
To sketch straight lines Sketching procedure Solutions to exercises VI
Exercises II Chapter 7 : SCREW THREADS
Chapter 3 : LINES, LETTERING AND DIMENSIONING 7-0 Introduction
3-0 Introduction 7-1 Denitions
3-1 Lines Crest Core or minor diameter  
Line thickness Leader or pointer lines Root Effective diameter  
Inked drawings Border lines Flank Effective diameter  
Pencil drawings Short-break lines Angle Pitch
Types of Lines Long-break lines Depth Lead
Outlines Hidden or dotted lines Nominal diameter Lead
Margin lines Centre lines Outside or major diameter slope
Dimension lines Cutting-plane lines 7-2 Formsofscrewthreads
Extension or projection lines Chain thick 7-2-1 TriangularorVthreads
Construction lines Chain thick double-dashed (a) Unied thread
Hatching or section lines (b) Metric thread
3-2 Lettering(IS:9609-1990) (c) Whitworth thread
I Single-stroke letters (d) BritishStandardFineandBritishStandardPipethreads
II Gothic letters (e) Sellers thread
3-3 Dimensioning (f) British Association thread
Types of dimensions 7-2-2 Squarethread
3-4 Dimensioningtermsandnotations (a) Acme thread IS : 7008-1988
Dimension line Arrowhead (b) Knuckle thread
Extension line Leader   (c) Buttress thread
3-5 Placingofdimensions 7-3 ConventionalrepresentationofthreadsSP:46-1988
(i) Aligned system Method I
(ii) Unidirectional system (a) External threads (b) Internal threads
3-6 Unitofdimensioning Method II
3-7 Generalrulesfordimensioning (a) External V thread (c) External square thread
3-8 Practicalhintsondimensioning (b) Internal V thread (d) Internal square thread
(a)Continuousor chaindimensioning 7-4 Multiple-startthreads
(b) Progressiveorparalleldimensioning 7-5 Right-handandleft-handthreads
Exercises III Exercises
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 3
Chapter 8 : SCREWED FASTENINGS Chapter 10 : PIPE JOINTS
8-0 Introduction 10-0 Introduction
8-1 Types of nuts 10-1 Cast-ironpipes
8-1-1 Hexagonal nut 10-1-1 Cast-ironangedjoint
8-1-2 Squarenut 10-1-2 Stocketandspigotjoint
8-2 Typesofnutsforspecialpurpose 10-1-3 Hydraulicjoint
10-2 Wrought-ironandsteelpipes
Flanged nut
10-3 Coperpipes
Cap nut
10-3-1 Unionjoint
Dome nut 10-4 Leadpipes
Cylindrical or capstan nut 10-5 Expansionjoints
Ring nut 10-6 Pipingdrawing
Wing nut ExercisesX
8-3 Washers Chapter 11 : VALVES
8-4 Types of bolts 11-0 Introduction
8-5 Forms of bolts 11-1 Typesofvalves
Hexagonal-headed bolt 11-1-1 Flapvalve,India-rubberdiscvalve
8-6 Methods of preventing rotation of a bolt while 11-1-2 Ballvalve
screwing a nut on or off it 11-1-3 Metaldiscvalve
11-1-4 Stopvalves
Square-headed bolt
11-1-5 Feed-checkvalve
Cylindrical or cheese-headed bolt 11-2 Safetyvalves
Cup-headed or round-headed bolt 11-2-1 Spring-loadedsafetyvalves
T-headed bolt 11-2-2 Leversafetyvalve
Countersunk-headed bolt 11-2-3 Dead-weightsafetyvalve
Hook bolt 11-3 Blow-offcock
Headless tapered bolt Exercises
Eye-bolt Chapter 12 : RIVETED JOINTS AND WELDED JOINTS
Lifting eye-bolt 12-0 Introduction
Tap-bolt or cap-screw 12-1 Riveting
12-1-1 Caulkingandfullering
Stud-bolt or stud
12-2 Formsandproportionsofrivet-heads
8-7 Set-screws
12-3 Failureofrivetedjoints
8-8 Lockingarrangementsfornuts 12-4 Dimensionsofarivetedjoint
(i) Lock-nut or check-nut 12-5 Typesofrivetedjoints
(ii) Split-pin 12-5-1 Lapjoint
(iii) Slotted nut 12-5-2 Buttjoint
(iv) Castle nut 12-6 Rolled-steelsections
(v) Sawn nut or Wiles nut 12-6-1 Connectionofplatesatrightangles
(vi) Simmond’s lock-nut 12-6-2 Gussetstay
12-7 Weldedjoints
(vii)Penn, ring or grooved nut
12-7-1 Welding
(viii) Stop-plate or locking-plate
12-7-2 Typesofweldingprocess
(ix) Spring-washer   (i) Pressure welding or forge welding
8-9 Foundationbolts (ii) Fusion welding
(i) Eye foundation bolt (iii)F usionandpressurewelding
(ii) Rag bolt Types of welded joints
(iii) Lewis bolt Types of welds
(iv) Cotter bolt 12-7-3 Representationofweldedjoints
8-10 Spanner  Exercises XII
Chapter 13 : SHAFT BEARINGS, BRACKETS AND
8-11 Longitudinalorbarstay
HANGERS
Exercises VIII 13-0 Introduction
Chapter 9 : KEYS, COTTER-JOINTS, PIN-JOINTS (i) A journal bearing (iii) A collar or thrust bearing
9-0 Introduction (ii) A pivot bearing
9-1 Keys joints 13-1 Journalbearings
(i) Taperkeys,Sunktaperkey,Saddlekeys,Roundkeyorpinkey 13-1-1 Solidbearing
Taper pin, Gib-head 13-1-2 Bushedbearing
(ii) Parallel orfeatherkeys,Splineshafts,Woodruff key 13-1-3 Pedestalbearingorplummerblock
Cone keys, Staking-on 13-1-4 Methodsofpreventingrotationofbrassesinabearing
13-2 Pivotbearing
9-2 Cotterandcotterjoints
13-2-1 Foot-stepbearing
(i) Socket and spigot joint
13-3 Wallbrackets
(ii) Sleeve joint 13-4 Hangers
(iii)  Strap joint 13-5 Wall-plates
9-3 Pin-jointorKnucklejoint 13-6 Wall-box
Exercises IX Exercises XIII
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 4
Chapter 14 : SHAFT COUPLINGS, CLUTCHES AND Chapter 18 : ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTION DRAWING
BRAKES 18-0 Introduction
14-0 Introduction 18-1 Geometricaltolerances
14-1 Fastorrigidcouplings 18-2 Typesofgeometricaltolerances
14-1-1 Boxormuffcoupling I Form tolerances
14-1-2 Half-lapcoupling II Position tolerances
14-1-3 Split-muffcoupling 18-2-1 Terminology for geometrical deviations
14-2 Flangedcoupling (i) Tolerance of straightness
14-2-1 Protectedtypeange-coupling
(ii) Tolerance of atness
14-2-2 Solidangedcoupling
(iii) Barrelform,bowformandcurvatureofaxes
14-3 Flexiblecouplings
(iv) Taper  
14-3-1 UniversalcouplingorHook’sjoint
(v) Oval form and lobed form
14-3-2 Oldham’scoupling
(vi)Radialrunoutandaxialrunout
14-3-3 Gearcoupling
(vii) tMisalignment
14-4 Looseordisengagingcouplingsorclutches
14-4-1 Clawcouplingorclutch (viii) Incorrect location of intersecting axes
14-4-2 Conicalfrictioncouplingorconefrictionclutch (ix) Non-perpendicular surfaces
14-4-3 Singleplateclutch (x) Datum
18-3 Representationofgeometricaltoleranceonadrawing
14-5 Brakes
18-4 Dimensionaltolerances
Exercises XIV
18-4-1 Terminology for dimensional tolerances
Chapter 15 : PULLEYS
(i) Basic dimension (viii) Bilateral limits
15-0 Introduction
(ii) Upper deviation (ix) Maximum material condition
15-1 Typesofpulleys
(iii) Lower deviation (x) Allowance
15-2 C.I.beltpulleys
(iv) Tolerance zone (xi) Mating surfaces and mating
15-3 Fastandloosepulleys
dimensions
15-4 Speedconesorsteppedpulleys (v) Actual size (xii) Basic shaft
15-5 Splitpulleys (vi) Zero line (xiii) Basic hole
15-6 Built-uppulleys (vii) Unilateral limits
15-7 Ropepulleys 18-4-2 Selectionoftolerances
15-8 V-beltpulleys 18-4-3 Representationofdimensionaltolerances
Exercises XV (i) Letter symbol
Chapter 16 : SPUR GEARING (ii) Number or grade method
16-0 Introduction 18-4-4 Representationofdimensionaltolerancesondrawings
16-1 SpurgeardenitionsPitch 18-5 Fits
16-1-1 Relationshipbetweenthepitches (i) Clearance t (iii) Transition t
16-1-2 Toothproportions (ii) Interference t (iv) Sliding t
16-1-3 Involutespurgears 18-5-1 Hole basis and shaft basis system
16-1-4 Constructionofbasecircles (i) Hole basis system (ii) Shaft basis system
16-1-5 Approximateconstructionofteethprole 18-5-2 Representationofholes,shaftsandts
(1) For gears of 30 teeth and over  18-6 Surface-roughness
(2) For gears of less than 30 teeth 18-6-1 Terminology for surface roughness
Gears in mesh (i) Ideal surface
16-2 Rackandpinion (ii) Roughness
16-3 Cycloidaltoothprole (a) Roughness height
Exercises XVI (b) Mean roughness index
Chapter 17 : ENGINE PARTS (c) Surface roughness number  
17-0 Introduction (iii) Waviness
17-1 Steamengine (iv) Lay
17-1-1 Cylindercover  18-7 Representationofsurface-roughnessondrawings
17-1-2 Pistons Exercises XVIII
17-1-3 Stufngboxes Chapter 19 : ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
17-1-4 Cross-heads 19-0 Introduction
17-1-5 Connectingrods 19-1 Typesofassemblydrawings
(i) Big end (ii) Small end (i) Designed assembly (iv) Working drawing assembly
17-1-6 Cranks (ii) Layout assembly (v) General assembly
(i)  Overhung crank (ii) Disc crank (iii) Installation assembly
17-1-7 Eccentrics 19-2 Acceptednormstobeobservedforassembly
17-1-8 Slidevalves,Internalcombustionengine drawings
17-2 AnI.C.engine (i) Selection of views (iv) Dimensions
17-2-1 Piston (ii) Sectioning (v) Bill of materials
17-2-2 Connectingrod (iii) Dotted lines
17-2-3 Crankshaft 19-3 Sequencesofpreparingtheassemblydrawing
(i) Forged crankshaft (ii) Built-up crank Illustrative problems
Exercises XVII Exercises XIX
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 5
Chapter 20 : ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER-AIDED 20-4-2 Draftingaids
DRAFTING (1) Layer  
20-0 Introduction (2) Blocks
20-1 ComputerAidedDrafting (3) Dimensioning
20-2 Computer(CPU) (4) Object snap
20-2-1 Processor 
(5) Hatch patterns
20-2-2 Display
(6) Zoom
20-2-3 INPUTDevices
(a) Keyboard (c) Tablet or digitizer   (7) Text
(b) Mouse 20-4-3 Editingofadrawing
20-2-4 Graphicoutputdevices (1) Move (11) Change
(a)DotMatrixPrinters(DMP)andLaserPrinters (2) Rotate (12) Extend
(b) Pen plotters (3) Copy (13) Offset
(c) Ink-Jet printers/plotters (4) Mirror (14) Stretch
20-3 CADsoftware (5) Array (15) Trim
(1) Modelling and drafting (4) Modularity (6) Erase (16) Scale
(2) Ease of use (5) Low maintenance cost (7) Oops (17) Pedit
(3) Flexibility (8) Break (18) Explode
20-4 AutoCAD
(9) Fillet (19) Undo
20-4-1 Drawingentities
(10) Chamfer  
(1) Line (6) Donut
(2) Circle (7) Polygon 20-5 Symbollibrary
(3) Arc (8) Ellipse 20-6 Three dimensional modelling
(4) Trace (9) Solid Illustrative problem
(5) Pline Exercises XX

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