Senior Citizen Information System
A Propose Software Development Project Submitted to the
Faculty of the Computer Science and Information
Technology College of Arts and Sciences
Negros Oriental State University
In partial Fulfillment of the requirements
For ITS 130- Research and
Software Development
Cañaveral, May Ann G.
Lucilla, June S.
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and the Scope
Introduction
Technology today in our continuous modernizing world has profoundly affected
our lives. It is beyond doubt fast and innovations that the people can develop are so
unpredictable. There are lots of advance technologies occurring every now and then.
Coming up with a good invention that is brought up by creative minds will be a challenging
action to do.
In almost every case, information is an organization’s primary asset and keeping
that asset safe, organized and accessible is of utmost importance. The demand for
acquiring, processing and distributing data is growing enormously. Information systems
are more than just computer programs. Though information and communications
technologies are playing an increasing role in meeting organizations’ information needs,
an information system is a much more general concept. It refers to the wider systems of
people, data and activities, both computer-based and manual, that effectively gather,
process, store and disseminates organizations’ information.
Information System is a way in which people interact with this technology in
support of business processes. Because of these, the use of information systems will be
advantageous to different organizations such as government agencies.
Office of the Senior Citizen Affairs (OSCA) is a government agency serving the senior
citizens. It has been serving since then resided in Dumaguete. Primarily, OSCA’s role is
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to monitor the current state of the senior citizens, financial support in terms of medical
assistance, scrutinize its population and to grant their needs in accordance of their rights.
The records of members of Senior Citizen had been curtail over time due to large numbers
of citizen’s due to poor record keeping since it is a manual based method. The manual
method led to various problems and these include unnecessary duplication of recorded
data, difficult in tracing previous member's record, eventually, it is difficult to trace the
flow of members past data. Based on the survey the appearance of computer web-based
profiling system has changed the office transaction both large and small system have
adopted the new method by use of computer, to attain several roles in the production of
information. The member’s record is connected with the documentation of information
gathered from senior citizen office.
Statement of the Problem
The present undertaking tries to plan the next cycle of a software application that
is under development and analyzed the basic concept of a senior citizen application
according to the functional and non-functional requirements of the system, design and
implement a fully working web-based senior citizen system, and verify the efficiency and
effectives of the system according to the Software Evaluation-based Assessment and
evaluate the impact it has to the user.
Specifically, the study sought to answer to the following questions:
1. What are the current problems encountered by the senior citizens in terms of
registration?
2. What are the basic concepts in a development of senior citizen application?
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3. What are the necessary functional and non-functional requirements needed in
the design and development of the Senior Citizens application?
4. How efficient is Senior Citizens Application performed as rated by both IT expert
personnel and user in terms of reliability and usability?
5. How Senior citizens Application can be implemented in both mobile and web
platform.
Significance of the study
This capstone project was designed to primarily promote to access to the office of
the Senior Citizen Affairs Office Dumaguete, Negros Oriental. The researchers find this
project beneficial for it serves as a gateway to the office services to provide web-based
profiling transaction service for the user’s research and learnings.
The implementation of this project is useful for the following:
To the Senior Citizens of Dumaguete. By using this web-based Information
system, the senior citizens will have fast and reliable transactions when it comes to
registration and discount monitoring process.
To the future Researchers. The study servers as the reference to the future
researcher who has the same goal in developing a system. Through this study, future
researchers will have an idea in developing an online system and be able to add some
feature by referring to the Recommendation page.
To the BS Information Technology Students. This study will serve as a guide
in doing research of their system. Through this study, the BS Information Technology
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students will have an idea on how to design and develop a system and will help them
make a good research.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study aimed to analyze the problems encountered by the Office of Senior
Citizens Affair in registration and keeping the members data in secure storage. With the
features in it, profiling and database is the proposed solution to this problem.
The main purpose of this study is to design and develop a Senior Citizen
information system that could help the users in registration as their data is securely stored
in the database. The users can track establishments that presumes to have the discount
for the users.
In addition, the study is easy to navigate with user-friendly interface that make a
new user get along with the application. It will let the user to register and log in to start
monitoring discounts and view updates from the office of the senior citizens affair.
On the other hand, senior citizen information system requires an IT employee as
the administrator and specifically developed and intended for the OSCA Dumaguete only.
Definition of Terms
For an easy understanding, the researchers provide the definitions of some
technical terms used in the present research.
Database. It uses to organize and store member’s data.
IT experts. Professionals who have a knowledge in the field of IT.
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Manual. Refers to the old system used by the staff of Senior Citizen Office.
Members. Refers to the Senior Citizens of Dumaguete.
Office Staff. Refers to the office personnel that caters the transactions
in the Dumaguete Senior Citizens Office.
Profile. Refers to the senior citizens information such as name, age,
date of birth, gender, address and other information regarding
to the office transactions.
Senior Citizen. Person over the age of 60 and up.
Tracker. A person who tracks someone or something by following their trial.
Theoretical Framework of the Study
Theories help researchers by having a better understanding of concrete pre-
cursors to user’s acceptance toward a technology and its application. Provided with this
knowledge IT managers and other decision makers can take more successful steps in
attaining increase in technology patronage and usage.
Moreover, the theory, method and techniques behind this research have been
around lately that widens our own perspective and makes us realize the importance of
socializing with people which enhances our confidence to become fruitful in the society.
Thus, the current study is coordinated with the theory Social Network Theory.
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Social Network Theory
A social network theory is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such
as individuals or organizations) and set of the dynamic ties between these actors. The
social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the structure of the
whole social entities as well as a variety of these theories explaining the structure that
uses social network analysis to identify local and global patterns, locate influential entities
and examine networks dynamics. The theory applies to a variety of levels of analysis from
small group to the entire global systems. To be sure, there are emergent properties at
different forms of organization.
However, Social Network Theory is the study of how people, organizations or groups
interact with others inside their network. Social network views the community of
individuals as connected actors, and uses mathematical models to study its structure,
development, and evolution (Wasserman and Fraust, 2010) The analysis of social network
treats individuals’ actors in a community as nodes; the communications between those
actors are deemed to be ties, edges, link or connections. There are three types of social
network that social explore and they are: Ego-centric networks, Socio-centric and Open
system networks. a.) Ego-centric networks are connected with a single node or individual.
For example, you the node, connect to all your close friends; b.) Socio-centric networks
are closed networks by default. Two commonly used examples of this type of network
are children in a classroom and workers inside an organization; and c.) Open-system
networks are connections between corporations, or the chain of influences of a particular
decision.
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Social Networks can form at many levels, from individual people, to families,
communities and nations. Those ties could be communication frequency, friendship
kinship, financial exchange, sexual relationship, or common interest or beliefs. Together
they form a complex graph structure. Mathematical calculation on many indices could be
performed on this complex graph, including the following: a) Togetherness: the extent of
a node lying between other nodes; b) Centrality: how connected is a node to the network;
c) Closeness: how one node is near all other nodes in the network; d) Density: all the
ties in a network in proportion to all other possible ties; and e) Structural hole: the node
which connects other nodes. Those nodes are disconnected without the first node. These
measurements determine the importance and structural positions of individual actors,
and the characteristics of the partial or whole networks. The measurements could be
used to study the social network, improve the network structure, and help increase the
efficiency of information flows within the network. Network analysis software such as
UCINET could be used to measure those indices (Borgatti, 2010).
A key part of social networking involves interaction among different individuals in
an online social setting. Social networking sites allow interactive communication in a one
to one or one-to-many online scenario using different website features. Usage may affect
perceptions associated with the interaction with website features relating to
communication and quality of the mediated environment are associated with perception
of interactivity. Telepresence theory suggests that an individual’s relationship to a
communication medium and its characteristics influences perceived interactivity.
Interactivity theory posits that the quality of the communication has a positive effect on
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perceived interactivity. Interactivity can play an essential role in web-based, network-
oriented environments. Findings in the literature focus on two dimensions of perceived
interactivity: the individual’s sense of efficacy and the individual’s sense of the media
system’s interactivity, including an emphasis on the “direction of communication”.
The figure in the succeeding page shows how Social Network Theory relate to the
system because, it is the study of how people interact with others inside their networks
and it is a modern way of locating and communicating group of friends’ and wants to
track the specific location of friends without putting a risk and being updated without
necessarily asking someone. This is also another way of observing the interest, behavior,
and activities inside a community to uplift and boost confidence for the preparation in
real-world industry. Social Network Theory can form at many levels, from individual
people, to families, communities and nations. Those ties could be communication
frequency, friendship, kinship, financial exchange, sexual relationship or common interest
or beliefs. Senior citizen information system also interacts and communicate people or
individuals inside in a network to update and view transaction operations.
In the succeeding pages show the theoretical framework of Senior Citizens System
both Android and Web.
Below is the Theoretical Framework of the study.
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Figure 1. Theoretical Framework of the study
Conceptual Frameworks of the Study
The study was based on the concept of effective analysis, designing, prototyping
and development that would lead to successful implementation of senior citizen
information system.
An Iterative life cycle model does not start with a full specification of requirements.
Instead, development begins by specifying and implementing just part of the software,
which can then be reviewed in order to identify further requirements. Enhancements are
quickly done and implemented throughout each iteration, allowing the next iteration toe
be at least marginally better than the last. This process is then repeated, producing a
new version of the software for each cycle of the model which consist of repeating four
phases in sequence: Design, Development, Implementation and review phase.
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The illustration shows in Figure 2 is the conceptual framework of the study (Senior
Citizen Information System). The researchers used Iterative Model to visualize the
development process of the system for it is easy to understand and comprehend the
things that are needed to come up with the good and reliable product/system in this
study. The steps must be clear when using Iterative Model.
Moreover, the Iterative model has been chosen for the development of the system
because it provides certain advantages and principles which are more suitable according
to the scenario and environment of the system. In this case, the researchers can assure
that the study being conducted can produce to the expected output in the end of this
study.
Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the Study
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Review of Related Literature and Studies
This research study sited books and articles which are relevant to the present
investigation. It is composed of related studies, both local and foreign, which contain
facts and information on the research problem at hand.
Related Literature
In this section, the researcher will present some of the studies conducted by other
researchers with regards to the topic the researchers are dealing with.
The system is capable of converting the collected data from the routine user and
machine interactions in to the effective information which later on is used by the decision
makers to make efficient decisions. In the management information system, the most
important entity is system itself which is set of defined and interrelated components which
are generally described as all of the direct or indirect complex components or elements
that are related in a casual network. Within any particular time period, all of these
complex components are related in more or less stable way with at least some other
components (Thierauf 1984). So, a well-developed and interactive system is one which
provides best and useful information to the managers at all levels.
The best system is one that provides useful information and user interaction at all
levels. An information system is a collection of activities, procedures, methods,
technology and peoples that are organized to get the valuable related data and
information. This system must also be able to store this information until it is required by
the user. It should be capable of data processing and responding to its end user by
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providing the answers to all set of queries. Information systems should best interact and
communicates with the end user in order to provide the accurate required information
(Knight & Silk, 1990).
Societies around the world are witnessing a rapidly graying population. It is
estimated that the world’s elderly population will increase by more than three times by
2050 [U.S. Census Bureau 2004]. This signifies that population aging has become a
preeminent phenomenon that cannot be ignored. Simultaneously the ubiquity of
information technology (IT) is seen in a multitude of areas, ranging from providing
personal entertainment for individuals, improving business processes of organizations, to
enabling enhanced services from government. The last instance is termed e-Government,
which refers to the strategic application of IT, particularly the Internet, to provide citizens
and organizations with more convenient access to government information and services;
and for government to interact with business partners and transact internally [Gronlund
2002; UNPAN 2003].
Majority of Information System studies, with few exceptions [e.g., Venkatesh and
Brown 2001], have been conducted in workplace settings in order to investigate the
integration of Information System into business [Legris et al. 2003]. Nonetheless, certain
antecedents are not workplace specific and may be applicable to the context of senior
citizens’ acceptance of e-Government services. Two such factors are computer anxiety
and computing support.
Computer anxiety refers to individual’s apprehension when faced with the
possibility of using computers [Simonson et al. 1987]. This construct of individual's
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emotion may be used to explain the effort senior citizens perceive towards technology
use. The significance of this construct in Information System literature has been
demonstrated in a number of studies (e.g. Anderson 1996; Bozionelos 2004; Igbaria and
Chakrabarti 1990). Particularly, studies comparing computer anxiety among senior
citizens and younger adults show that older adults displayed significantly higher computer
anxiety [Laguna and Babcock 1997]. Computer anxiety is likely to impact Information
System use through its influence on perceived ease of use [Venkatesh 2000]. Apart from
computer anxiety, computing support in the form of resources and knowledge [Igbaria
1990; Igbaria et al. 1997] may also be a salient antecedent of perceived ease of use in
the context of this study.
As senior citizens may be relatively unfamiliar with computers, they may value
support available from surrounding people to solve the problems that they face in their
effort to use computers. In the context of online services such as for e-Commerce or e-
Government, resource savings by using the IT may be an important antecedent of
perceived usefulness. This extrinsic motivator is particularly salient in Information System
acceptance studies where the use of IT may lead to savings of cost and time. For instance,
convenience in terms of saving time and money is often considered as a motivator for
use of e-Commerce websites for online shopping [Bhatnagar et al. 2000; Koufaris 2002].
Similarly, if senior citizens think that use of e-Government services will result in resource
savings, they may perceive the service as more useful.
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Related Studies
Too much paper works, difficulty in searching for individual records, loss of data,
record misplacements, accidental damage of records, retrieving past records and
generating of detailed reports are some of the flaws that the OSCA is experiencing now.
These problems were caused mainly by their manual record keeping and transaction
system existing in the office and leading to the situations mentioned above which are the
effects of the main problem. This reasons and problems lead to the development of the
Management System for OSCA with SMS Notification. The researchers considered several
system functionalities which were incorporated into the developed system as follows: (a)
Registration of members. The system covers up the creation and registration of
membership based on the credentials needed by the client or the organization itself. (b)
Storage of member’s credentials. Information of the senior citizens is securely stored in
the database. (c) Report Generation. It can generate annual and monthly report if in case
needed for assessment. (d) Allowance Monitoring. The system can monitor allowance
issued to the senior citizens officers quarterly and monthly. (e) SMS Notification. The
events or announcements cannot reach all the members but through the SMS notification,
the senior will be up to date and be aware to whatever the present activities of the
organization are. (Rosalyn P. Reyes, Evelyn C. Samson, Alvin V. Nuqui, 2015)
The turn of the century has seen a rapidly graying population concurrently with
increasingly ubiquitous IT. The elderly population being less familiar with IT implies that
issues pertaining to their acceptance of information systems (IS) deserve special
attention. However, the IS and gerontology literatures seldom explore IS acceptance
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among the aged. Attempting to address this gap, a research model is developed by
integrating relevant antecedents from previous literature and empirically tested in the
context of an eGovernment service tailored for senior citizens. Our findings reveal that
consistent with previous technology acceptance studies, senior citizens’ use intention is
driven by their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the service. (Phang,
C.W., J. Sutanto, A. Kankanhalli, L. Yan, B.C.Y. Tan, and H.H. Teo, 2006)
This study was basically designed for Senior Citizen Office that provides a lot of
services to the member such as online registration process, and provides reports for
information per barangay and counts the registered citizens. This system is limited only
to cater citizen’s information for registrations, barangay population, and budget per
month, view master list, update pension viewing per member and posting announcement
to the web-based profiling system homepage. (Danilo and Joshua, 2018)
The aforementioned studies and information are considered relevant to the present
study because they confirmed the relevance of Senior Citizen Information System.
Research Methodology
In this part of the study, the researchers outline the research method, research
environments, research respondents, research design, research procedure and statistical
tools being used in the study.
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Research Method
The researcher uses interview as the research method of this study wherein
information and data are gathered.
Research Environment
The study was conducted at Office of the Senior Citizens Office located in Ipil St,
Daro, where the OSCA head enables to give the information about senior citizens
registration and transaction processes.
Research Respondents
The respondents of the study were five IT experts and two OSCA officers with the
total number of seven respondents.
Research Design
The researcher utilized the iterative life cycle Development. An Iterative life cycle
model does not start with a full specification of requirements. Instead, development
begins by specifying and implementing just part of the software, which can then be
reviewed in order to identify further requirements. Enhancements are quickly done and
implemented throughout each iteration, allowing the next iteration toe be at least
marginally better than the last. This process is then repeated, producing a new version
of the software for each cycle of the model which consist of repeating four phases in
sequence: Design, Development, Implementation and review phase.
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Research Procedures
A written proposal was presented to the research adviser. After the approval, the
researchers conducted an in-depth study on the said proposal which includes conducting
interviews, whose aim is to identify participant’s opinion and ideas regarding to the said
study. After the questionnaires are being answered, the data were thoroughly organized,
tallied and tabulated, and prepared to be used in presentation, analysis and
interpretation.
Statistic Treatment of Data
Statistical tools were used to solve for percentage in order to give an in-depth analysis
in the software criteria evaluation result the tabulated data for the frequencies in the table
were converted to percentage utilizing the formula
Weighted mean = ∑w/ ∑x
where ∑ = the sum of all data given
W = the gathered data
X = the criteria
Average weighted mean = Overall sum of the gathered data
Overall number of criteria
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Chapter II
Systems Architecture
It describes the structural properties on how they are constructed. For analysis
of the system architecture, it is convenient to consider the components of the OSCA
Information System.
Figure 3. OSCA Information Systems Architecture
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Use-case diagram
The Functional requirements are presented using a use case diagram to describe
the functions performed by specific screens, outlines of work-flows performed by the
OSCA Information System where the administrator can monitor registered profiles,
discount, view notification, transaction information, operates GPS tracker and database.
While the users can register, login, view discount and notifications, apply as new member
and can track discounted stores location.
Figure 4. Use-Case diagram of OSCA Senior Citizen System for user –
Mobile and Web application
Database Architecture
The Figure bellow shows how data is being stored, arranged, integrated and put
to use in data system and in organization.
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Figure 5. Database Architecture
Task Independency
Table 1: Shows the schedule and milestone that provides an estimated timeline
for the life of the project. The milestone includes all project activities Persons involved
and steps needed to implement the project.
MILESTONE DESCRIPTION PLANNED Persons Involved
DATE
M0 PLANNING November 5 Cañaveral,Lucil
– 16, 2018 la
Start Project Data Gathering
Requirement Definition
Project Scheduling
Requirement Analysis
Fact finding Technique
M1 SYSTEM DESIGN November Cañaveral,Lucil
17 – 23, la
2018
Start System Requirements
Planning System Design
System Architecture
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M2 INTEGRATION AND November Cañaveral,Lucil
TESTING 23 – 30, la
2018
Start Coding
Execution Testing
Debugging
System Integration
M3 IMPLEMENTATION December Cañaveral,Lucil
1-7, 2018 la
Confirm Installation
Execution Evaluation and Testing
Iteration 2
M4 SYSTEM DESIGN December Cañaveral,Lucil
10 – 28, la
2018
Review System Requirements
Planning System Design
System Architecture
M5 INTEGRATION AND December Cañaveral,Lucil
TESTING 31 – la
January 11,
2019
Review Coding
Execution Testing
Debugging
System Integration
M6 IMPLEMENTATION January 14 Cañaveral,Lucil
– 18, 2019 la
Iteration 3
M7 SYSTEM DESIGN January 21 Cañaveral,Lucil
– February la
20, 2019
Review System Requirements
Planning System Design
System Architecture
M8 INTEGRATION AND February 21 Cañaveral,Lucil
TESTING – March 22, la
2019
Review Coding
Execution Testing
Debugging
System Integration
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M9 IMPLEMENTATION March 25 – Cañaveral,Lucil
April 19, la
2019
M10 Deployment April 22 –
April 26,
2019
TABLE 1. Task Independency
Gantt chart
Illustration on how the project will run. You can see the individual tasks,
durations and sequencing of the tasks and overall timeline of the project and the expected
completed date.
Figure 6. Gantt chart
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Website User Interface
Figure 7. Home interface
Figure 8. Register interface
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Figure 9. Login interface
Figure 10. Discount interface
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Mobile application
Figure 13. Mobile application notification interface
Figure 14. Mobile application view transaction operation interface
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Figure 15. Mobile application apply as new member interface
Figure 16. Mobile application menu interface
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Methodology
This study will utilize the Iterative Model of Software Development process to
summarize the main steps to be taken in conjunction with the corresponding deliverable.
Figure 17. Iterative Model
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