MAT WEAVING  Theater and Music), most 

- Visayans, Samar, Leyte  celebrated leading actress 

- Colorful mats w/ bird & flower  Opera 
designs  - Dramatic work 
Tepo Mat  - Set to music for singers and 
- Colorful double layered   instrumentalists 
- Pandan leaves  Play 
- Sama of Tawi-tawi  - Written by playwright 
- Consisting of dialogues 
HAT WEAVING 
between characters 
- Tausug hat, Maguindanao 
- Theatrical performance 
hat, Yakan hat 
Comedia 
BASKETRY  - Conflict between Muslims & 
- Carrying, storage, trapping  Christians 
basket  - 2 types: Komedya De Santo & 
Carrying Basket  Secular Comedia 
- Cordillera Pasiking, made of  3 Kinds: 
nito & bamboo are used as a  ● Komedya De Santo 
head sling to carry harvest  - Centers on the life of Christ or 
Storage Basket  any saint 
- Bontock Akob, lunch basket  - War scenes 
Trapping Basket  ● Secular Comedia/ Moro- 
- Salakab, trapping fish in rice  moro 
paddies  - Moro (derived from the 
- Bubo, fish trap in Ilocos  Spanish word “moor”) 
Region, made of woven  - Involves either war/love story 
bamboo strips  between Christian vs 
  Muslims, Christians were 
SPANISH THEATER  always the victorious 
- Play was introduced   - Dance and dialogues 
- Replaced by the religious  ● Senakulo/ Cenaculo 
processions  - Depicts the life & sufferings of 
- Spanish colonizers  Christ 
- Covert the natives to  - Lenten season 
Catholicism  - Passion Play, 1704, Gaspar 
Zarzuela  Aquino De Belen 
- Short opera (Operetta)   
- Singing & dancing  SPANISH MUSIC 
- Spanish artist around 1878  - Took on a very European 
- 1​st​ zarzuela was Spanish and  flavor, Filipinos adopt them 
featured European Cast  and make their own 
- Severino Reyes &  - Juan Rodriguez Angel, 
Hermogenes Ilagan wrote  established a singing school 
Sarsuwela in Tagalog, most  - Marcelo Adonay, Prince Of 
distinguished playwrights of  Philippine Church music 
their day  Pasyon/ Pabasa 
- Honorata “Atang” De La 
Rama (1987 National Artist for 
 - Narration of Christ’s passion  - Paoay Church​, enormous 
chanted in an improvised  buttresses on the sides & 
melody  back of the bldg. 
- Various areas like Christian  - Sto. Tomas de Villanueva 
areas  Church​, World Heritage Site, 
- Awit & Corrider   Baroque Romanesque 
Kundiman  architectural style 
- Traditional means of  ● Adobe, limestone, brick, 
serenade  thick of buttresses or wing 
- Love song  like projections – resistant to 
- Three theories regarding it’s  earthquake 
origin   
st​
1​ – contraction of the phrase  SPANISH VISUAL ARTS 
2​nd​ – derived from the ff verse  - Spanish friars introduced the 
3​rd​ – red cloth that male dancer  western styles of painting and 
wear  engraving 
- 19​th​ Century, develop the  Religious Art 
kundiman, spoke of  - Images of the Holy Family 
resignation and fatalism  and the saints “via crusis” 
- Dedicated to a young and  (stations of the cross), 
beautiful Filipina  engravings on “estampitas” 
Balitaw  - Carved “santos” etc. 
- Love songs & lullabies evolved  Sculpture 
Harana  - Carving of santos, images of 
- Tradition of serenading  Christ & saints 
women  Santos 
Rondalla music  - Sculpture/ Images of saints 
- Accompany several Hispanic-  and other biblical figures 
influenced song forms &  Urnas 
dances  - Small Santos were kept 
  - Miniature altar pieces w 
SPANISH ARCHITECTURE   niches 
- Spanish introduced the ​plaza  Virinas 
complex  - Small Santos protected under 
Cruciform Churches  cylindrical glass globes 
Baroque Style  Encarnacion 
- Grander, drama, elaborate  - Santos appear more lifelike 
details  Bastidor 
- Appealed to the emotions  - Wooden heads and hands 
- Art style w/ exaggeration and  were attached to a 
catholic- inspired  framework body 
- San Agustin Church​, oldest  Religious Relief 
church in the Phil, historical  - Adorn churches 
landmark  - Series of these panels were 
- St. Jerome Church​ in Morong  fitted into altar pieces 
Rizal, distinct from Chinese-  - Illustrating the passion and 
Baroque Architecture  death of christ 
Tipos del Pais  any materials that 
- Figures of ordinary people in  encourages Fil to fight 
local costumes  against American colonial 
- Academia de Dibujo y Pintura  rule 
Retablo  3 plays copy national sentiments of 
- Huge altar pieces, housed in  their playwright, medium for 
the churches and the santos  political protest, openly attacking 
in the niches  the Americans: 
- Earliest retablo found in San  ● Juan Abad’s ​Tanikalang 
Agustin church in Intramuros  Guinto/ Golden Chain 
carved by Juan de los Santos  - Drama in 3 acts 
- Retablo of Capilla De San  - 1​st​ staged at the Teatro 
Agustin  Libertad in July 7, 1902 (Pasay) 
  ● Juan Matapang Cruz’s H ​ indi 
SPANISH PAINTING  Aco Patay/ I Am Not Dead 
- Religious icons, prevalent  - Play drama simboliko 
form of painting  - Teatro Libertad in Singalong, 
- Saints & religious scenes  Manila 
- Portraits of the holy family  - Tearo Nueva Luna in Malabon 
- Painters from Visayas Island &  ● Aurelio Tolentino’s K ​ ahapon 
Bohol, skillful manipulation of  Ngayon At Bukas/ 
the technique   Yesterday, Today & 
- Josef Luciano Dans, earliest  Tomorrow 
recorded painters  - 3 act anti- imperialist 
- Also used for propaganda  - 1​st​ presented on Teatro 
- Estaban Villanueva, depicted  Libertad in Manila, May 14, 
the in 1821  1903 
Langit, Lupa at Impierno  Drama Simbolico 
- 3 level painting w/c shows the  - Represent deep & profound 
Holy Trinity  yearning for freedom 
First Still Life Paintings  - Fil playwrights used play as 
- Depicting mostly inanimate  their weapon or a form of 
subject matter   protest against the 
- Jose Loden, Tomas Nazario,  Americans 
Miguel de los Reyes,   Lingua France 
- did it first in the Phil  - Poems & stories from books 
were dramatized in classroom 
 
- English language 
AMERICAN THEATER  A modern Filipina 
Sedition Act of 1901  - 1​st​ fil play written in Eng 
- Prohibited any Fil from  - Lino Casillejo & Jesus Araullo 
Advocating Philippine  in 1915 
Independence  Vaudevill/ Bodabil 
- William Howard Taft wanted  - Orig from France 
Mnl to be planned through  - Slapsticks, songs, dance, 
Daniel Burnham ( Beaux Arts)  acrobatic comedy skits,  
- Banned the writing, printing,  Young Dolphy  
publication & circulation of  - Known as Golay 
  City Beautiful Movement (1890s & 
AMERICAN MUSIC   1920s) 
- American Educational System  - American urban planning 
influenced the Phil. System of  movement led by the 
music education  architects 
- Establishments of  Arch. Daniel Burnham 
conservatories (schools for  - American government to 
special instruction in music),  design Mnl & Baguio 
formal educ. in music started  Arch. William Parsons 
- Jazz invaded the country  - Implemented the Burnham 
- Most of the songs are  park 
nationalistic in nature  Neoclassic Architecture 
- Instrumental music & vocal  - Style used in government 
music are both important  edifices & integrated parks & 
Musical Forms  lawns  
● Symphony  - Decorative sculpture 
● Opera  elements housed in a 
● Opera Buffa  pediment 
Francisco Santiago  - Andres Luna De San Pedro, 
- “Concerto in B flat minor” for  Juan Arellano, Antonio 
pianoforte & orchestra  Toledo, Tomas, Mapua 
- “Kundiman, Anak Dalita”,  - Metropolitan Theater (Juan 
most famous piece  Arellano, 1935) 
First decade was an era of  Modern Architectural Structures 
suppressed nationalism- Marcha  - Church of the Holy Sacrifice 
Funebre or funeral music  - Church of the Risen Lord 
  - Chapel of St. Joseph, the 
Filipino Composers  worker 
● Nicanor Abelardo  Cultural Center of the Phil 
● Juan Hernandez  - Premier bureaucratic entity 
● Rodolfo S. Cornejo  - Art acquisition, exhibitions 
Bayan Ko  making, workshops, grants & 
- Most recognizable patriotic  awards  
songs of the Phils  - June 25 1966 through 
U.P Conservatory Of Music  Executive Order 30 
- Professional Music School  - Inaugurated in 1969 
  Ar. Leandrano Locsin 
- Architect of CCP 
AMERICAN 
- Modernist cantilevered 
ARCHITECTURE  building, cross between the 
- New urban pattern that  vernacular bahay kubo 
responded to the secular   
goals of educ., health &   
governance was imposed   
- Art Nouveau​- curve; ​Art   
Deco​- straight   
   
 
AMERICAN VISUAL ARTS  JAPANESE THEATER 
- Experimentation &  - Comedy bar was introduced  
exploration of new media,  - Some performances 
techniques, styles, forms of  conveyed hidden messages 
expression & concepts in arts  for guerillas  
- Morals, prints & cartoons  Post War Republic  
Fabian de la Rosa  - Turning point in the history of 
- First painter of note for the  the Phil theater 
20​th​ century  - Activist Political theatre 
- Realistic, portraits, genre &  - Cultural direction of 
subdued colors  mainstream theatre 
- Master of genre  - Concerns about national 
Fernando Amorsolo  identity 
- First who have captured the  Cultural Center of the Phil (CCP) 
diff. striking colors and  - Sept. 1996 
character of the country’s  - Preserves, develops, & 
magnificent sunlight  promotes art culture  
- Master of genre  Philippine Educational Theatre 
- Known for his illuminated  Association 
landscapes  -1967 by Cecile Guidato- Alvarez 
- “Antipolo”, Filipinos  Univ. Theatre Arm 
celebrating a town fiesta  - Teatro Tomasino, Dulaan Up, 
- “Defense of Filipina Woman’s  Ateneo Children’s Theatre, 
Honour”, World War II- era  Dulaang Sibol 
painting, a Filipino defends a   
woman being raped by a  JAPANESE MUSIC  
Japanese  - Conveyed allegiance to Japan 
- He designed the logo for  - Jazz & Popular music, banned 
Ginebra San Miguel   - Focused on indigenous 
- The owner of the beverage,  feature, oriental culture 
Don Enrique Zobel, company  - “Less is more” 
offered to send him to  Felipe Padilla de Leon 
Academia de San Fernando in  - Composer National Artist 
Madrid Spain  - “Awit sa Paglikha sa Bagong 
- Neoclassicism and  Pilipinas”: anthem in that 
Romanticism  period, conveyed allegiance, 
Victorio Edades  intended to supplant Lupang 
- Influenced by the work of  Hinirang, sung by the 
Marcel Duchamp  members of the Hukbo ng 
- Best known for his work “The  Bayan Labas sa Hapon 
Fountain”  Sylvia La Torre 
- Modernism  - “Sa Kabukiran”, 1940s 
  - Acclaimed composer Levi 
  Celerio (National Artist for 
  Music & Literature, 1997) 
  ● Classical music, Opera 
  flourished during the war 
 ●New Phil. Symphony, 1​st​ all- 
Filipino orchestra 
● Music- making, popular 
pastime  
Philippine Philharmonic 
Orchestra 
- Nation’s leading symphony 
orchestra 
- Resident company of the CCp 
- Olivier Ochanine, Music 
Director/ Principal Conductor 
- Inaugurated on May 15, 1973 
- Luis Valenica, 1​st​ music 
director w/ Julian Quirit, 
concertmaster  
 
JAPANESE VISUAL ART 
- Development of art slowed 
down 
- KALIBAPI ( Kapisanan sa 
Paglilingkod sa Bagong 
Pilipinas) 
Vicente Manansala 
- Cubist painter 
- Created cubism, tones, 
shapes, patterns of figure & 
environment are super 
imposed or laid over another 
Cesar Legaspi 
- Made use of geometric 
fragmentation to create a 
powerfully disturbing mood 
Hernando Ocampo 
- Understanding and 
awareness of the harsh social 
realities