PURPOSEFUL WRITING IN THE DISPIPLINES OF  Primary Sources

PROFESSION
Research Report
Book Review
 Often a problem or case study
 Is a thorough description, critical which sets hypothetical
analysis and/ or evaluation of the situation.
quality, meaning and significance of the  Based on reading, field of work
book. Often in the relation to prior or practical work.
research topic.  To investigate and analyze a
 Reviews generally range from 500-1000 present information.
words; depends on the complex
scholarly text and to assess your ability REQUIREMENTS
to synthesize research.
 Contains an executive summary for
 Two approaches: Descriptive and
abstract
Critical Review.
 Comprises sections with headings
REQUIREMENT
 May use bullet points, tables, graphs to
 Concise summary of the context
convey information
 Offers a critical assessment of the
 Uses third person and formal language
content
 Contains title page
 Often recommends whether or not
readers would value the work for its
Project Proposal- documents for
authenticity and overall quality
problem solving, service provision,
Literature Review event planning or equipment selling.
 Proposals are used to convince
 Each theory, approach, intervention, the readers to do what the
and study in the context of how it proposal suggests
contributes to what is known or not  It is a way of generating income
well understood or known about a for companies or seeking
subject. funding for projects
 Identifies new ways of interpreting  Proposals stands out depending
previous research. on its ability to clearly answer
 Points the way forward to further questions about what is being
research. proposed, how the plan will be
carried out, when will it be
REQUIREMENT
implemented, and how much
 Introduction money will be needed or spent.
 The Body (Theoretical base,  Proposals are persuasive
Research, Results and Discussion, documents that need to do the
Limitation, and implication) following: highlight reader
 Conclusion benefits, prove your credibility
in carrying out the project and
 allow the reader to respond  Gathering data
easily.  Organizing data
 Informal proposals (2-4 pages)  Writing proposal
and formal proposals (5 or  Revising proposal
more pages)
 Project proposals are not POSITION PAPER
exclusive for business projects
 Concerns controversial issues,
 Well-written text in printed
matters on which people disagree
proposals are needed.
 The issue may arise from a
 Proposals can be done through
particular occasion or ongoing
inside or outside the
debate.
organization.
 The writer must clearly explain the
PARTS
issue
 Introduction - provides the basic
background necessary for REQUIREMENT
understanding the project.
 Rationale- identifies the  Basic features: well-defined
problem to be addressed and issue, clear position, convincing
shows the need to solve it. argument, and an appropriate
 Objectives- what the project tone
intends to achieve in terms of  Sound reasoning and sound
results . It also gives intended evidence
solution: SMART (Specific,  Statistics
Measurable, Achievable/  Counter arguing
Attainable, Results-oriented,
PARTS
Time-bound)
 Benefits- what the reader or I. INTRODUCTION
target audience can gain from
the proposal. A. Introduction of the topic
 Project Description-
B. Provide background on the topic to
 Methodology - this details the
explain why it is important
different activities the project
will take on (ex. Manpower, C. Assert the thesis (view of the issue)
resources output)
 Schedule- discuss the task II. COUNTERARGUMENTS
duration and expected start and A. Summarize the counterclaim
end of dates
 Budget- presents the analysis of B. Provide supporting informations for
all costs anticipated in the counterclaims
project.
C. Refute counterclaims
GUIDELINES
 D. give evidence for argument 2. Avoid abbreviating Christian names,
company, and official positions or ranks, like:
III. YOUR ARGUMENT Sergeant, Treasurer, Secretary, Sales Manager,
` A. Assert at least 3 claims (remember to director and the like.
give educated and informed opinion and 3. Include the article “The” before the company
provide support or proof) name like- The Dean’s Cafe
III. CONCLUSION 4. Write the titles- Honorable, Reverend in full if
A. Restate your argument and provide a the article The precedes
plan of action (in summarizing opposing
Ex: The Reverend Jose P. Gomez
argument, be fair and objective. Show many
sides of the issue.) 5. Use the titles: Honorable, reverend, Professor
and Superintendent before full names.
PARTS OF THE BUSINESS LETTER
Ex.: Honorable Orly D. Pecson
1. Letterhead- found at the uppermost part of
the letter; Topmost part full name, complete 4. Salutation or Greeting- this is written on the
address, Contact numbers and nature of let of margin, two or four spaces below the
business of the company inside Address.
Dax Hardware GONZALES ENTERPRISE GONZALES ENTERPRISE
38 Abba St. Luna Rizal 23 Yulo Street 23 Yulo Street
4562899/ 2883091 Cubao, Quezon City Cubao, Quezon City

Secondary part: names of one or more Attention: Engr. Hector N. Gentlemen: Attention:
officers, telefax number, logo, and corporate Nolasco Engr. Hector N. Nolasco
subsidies.
Gentlemen:
2. Dateline - typed two to four spaces below
the letterhead; Ways to write: American way Subject line: secondary part of the letter found
(May 22,2010), British way (May 22 2010) in the area of salutation placed two spaces
3. Inside address- third part of the letter four to below the greeting; states the purpose or topic
eight spaces below the date line on the left of the letter
margin; recipient Dear Engr. Lanuza:

Mrs. Fely R. Zamora, Manager Subject: Repainting of the DAX Fun House
Hope Enterprises
38 Quirino Avenue, Quezon City Nova Hills Bank
28 Pawid Street
REMINDERS ON PROPER WAY OF WRITING Fairview, Quezon City
TITLES:
Gentlemen: Subject: Repainting of the DAX Fun
1. Address the individual the way he usually House
signs his name.
5. Body – begins two spaces below the Postscripts as PS – may be added after the last
salutation. The spacing is double between the notation found below Enc. Or CC.
paragraphs of the letter.
Sincerely yours,
6. Closing or Complementary- this is types two
to four spaces below the Body. Miss Lorna L. Robles
Manage, Publishing Department
Business/ formal salutations: CC. Atty P. Gumbog
Very respectfully yours,
Respectfully yours,
Very truly yours, SAMPLES OF LETTER STYLES
Truly yours,
Sincerely yours, FULL BLOCK STYLE
LETTERHEAD
Cordially yours,
Best wishes, -DATELINE

Kindest regards,
-INSIDE ADD
7. Signature Line- in the business letter, two
signatures are needed- printed or typewritten - SALUTATION

signature and penned signatures.

Printed signature- four spaces below the -COMPLIMENTARY

-SIGNATURE LINE
signature line -NOTATIONS

8. Notations- comes two spaces below the MODIFIED BLOCK STYLE

Identification initials- initials of the dictator -DATELINE

and typist
-INSIDE ADD
Enclosures- two spaces below the initials of the
dictator and the typist appearing in Enclosure or - SALUTATION

abbreviation Enc.
BODY

VM: CG -COMPLIMENTARY

-SIGNATURE LINE

Enc. -NOTATIONS

Birth Certificate
SEMI-BLOCK STYLE
LETTERHEAD

Carbon Copy- found two spaces below the last -DATELINE

line of the signature. CC as symbol

BODY

-COMPLIMENTARY

-SIGNATURE LINE

-NOTATIONS
INDENTED OR TRADITIONAL STYLE  One of the most important tools to
LETTERHEAD assist you in getting on interview for a
job.
-HEADING

________ ___
_________ Should be a good reflection of who you
_______
-INSIDE ADD
_____________
are.
__________
BASIC ELEMENTS
- SALUTATION
 Heading
BODY  Objective (optional)
-COMPLIMENTARY
 Education
-SIGNATURE LINE  Experience
-NOTATIONS
 Honors and awards
 Skills/ highlights
HANGING STYLE
 References (on a separate page)
LETTERHEAD  Heading –one of the most important. It
should include your name, address,
-HEADING ________ ___
_________
________
email address and phone number.
_____________
-INSIDE ADD
o Make sure to let your name
_ __________

- SALUTATION
STAND OUT by using bold and
enlarging the font size of your
BODY name.
-COMPLIMENTARY o Use a professional email
-SIGNATURE LINE address.
-NOTATIONS
 Objective – is a one-sentence
MEMORANDUM STYLE declaration of the type of job that you
LETTERHEAD
are seeking.
MEMIRANDUM
o It appears beneath the heading
and is as specific as possible,
DATE:
noting the company you are
TO:
applying to, the job title you are
FROM:
seeking and skills you would like
SUBJECT:
to use in that job.
o This should only be included if
you can be specific about the
PENNED SIGNATURE(OPTIONAL)
position you are seeking.
 Education – this section of resume lists
all the colleges you have graduated
from, along with their address and any
degrees you have earned with the date
RESUME you attained them.
o If you are in the process of
attaining a degree, list the
 expected date that you will TYPES OF RESUME
receive it.
o Do not list your high school Chronological resume- more on educational
unless it is of importance to the background
employer that you are applying Functional resume- discussing more with skills,
to. experiences and certificates
 Experience- an experience section on a
resume can refer to paid or unpaid jobs Combination resume- combination of
and should include your job title, the chronological and functional resume.
name of your employer, city and state,
RESUME LANGUAGE, FORMATTING AND TIPS
followed by dates of employment.
o Next, summarize your contribution  Margins: small as 0.5 inches
to the position, achievements,  Font: as small as 10 points if necessary
and/or responsibility assumed. Give  Include cover letter with resume
numbers when applicable.
 Do not use the word ”I”
 Honors and Awards- this is an optional
 Use few abbreviations
section of your resume and should
 Do use capitalization to highlight job
include scholarships and other related
titles
honors.
 Do use bullet points to emphasize job
o This can be school or non-
description
school related. Make sure ti
 Always use action verbs in job
include the date you received
description
the honor or award.
 Skills/ Highlights- this section should
inform the reader of any unique,
relevant or necessary skills that you
have but are not reflected I the other
sections of your resume.
o For example: foreign languages
(conversational, fluent, and
bilingual), computer
applications, certifications, etc.
 References- the section should be on
separate sheet of paper that matches
the font/ format of your resume and
cover letter. The heading on this page
should also match your resume.
o You should always secure the
permission of anyone you
choose to use as a reference
before giving his/ her name.