hnr/ ;+/If0f P]g, @)!
&
nfndf]x/ ;b/ ldlt g]kfn /fhkqdf k| sflzt ldlt
@)!&.*.@( @)!&.(.@*
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g nfndf]x/ / k| sfzg ldlt
!= s]x L g] kfn sfg"g -;+z f] wg / k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P]g , @)@) @)@).!!.!^
@= Gofo k|zf;g P] g, @)$* @)$*.@.!^
#= æhnr/ ;+ /If0f -klxnf] ;+z f] wg_ P]g , @)%% @)%%.!).&
@)!& ;fnsf] P]g g+= !*
hnr/x?sf] ;+/If0f / tT;DaGwL c? s'/fx?sf] Joj:yf ug{
ag]sf] P]g
❑
zflGt / Joj:yf Pj+ ;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;'ljwf / cfly{ s lxt sfod /fVg hnr/x?sf]
;+ /If0f / tT;DaGwL c? s' /fx?sf] Joj:yf ug{' jfG5gLo ePsf] n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh dx]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb] jsf] zf;gsfnsf] 5}+7 f} jif{df ;+ ;bn] of] P]g
agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M
-!_ o; P] gsf] gfd æhnr/ ;+/If0f P] g, @)!&Æ /x] sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g g] kfne/ nfu" x' g]5 .
-#_ of] P]g t' ?Gt k| f/De x'g] 5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]g df–
●
-s_ æhnÆ eGgfn] tfn, bx, vx/] , vf] nf, gbL, gfnf, kf] v/L, gx/, s' nf] , tnfp,
hnfzo, s[lqd hnfzo, -l/h/Ejfo/_, l;d;f/, dT:o kfngsf nflu h8fg
ePsf] lk+ h8f -qm] h_ tyf df5f kfng u/]s f] wfg v] tsf] kfgL / ltgLx?sf]
;| f]t ;d] t ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æhnr/Æ eGgfn] hnleq a:g] h'g ;' s} hLj ;Demg' k5{ .
❑
●
s]xL g] kfn sfg" g -;+z f]w g / k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P] g, @)@) åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
●
-u_ æ:yfgLo clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
;Demg' k5{ .
❍
-u!_ æk| fljlws clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] dT:o ljsf; jf dT:o cg' ;Gwfg jf dT:o
k| ;f/ sfo{ ug{s f] nflu g] kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]s f] sd{ rf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
❍
-u@_ ækmL; Nof8/Æ eGgfn] hndf hnr/sf] cfjfudgsf] nflu /flvPsf]
j}slNks af6f] ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ ælghL hnÆ eGgfn] JolQm ljz]ifn] g] kfn ;/sf/nfO{ dfnkf] t jf e"l ds/
lt/L/fv] s f] hdLgdf ePsf] lghsf] xs / pkef] usf] tfn, bx, kf] v/L, tnfp
jf hnfzo ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ ætf]l sPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Æ eGgfn] of] P] g cGtu{ t ag] s f] lgoddf
tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]l hdsf] ;Demg' k5{ .
#= hnr/ ;dfTg] tyf dfg]{ t/Lsfx?df k|ltaGw M s'g} JolQmn] klg s' g} hndf /x] sf]
s'g} hnr/nfO{ ;dfTg] tyf dfg]{ clek|fon] hfgL hfgL To:tf] hndf jf To;sf]
cf;kf;df s' g} lsl;dsf] ❍ljB' tLo wf/ -s/] 0 6_ ljikmf] 6 kbfy{ jf ljiffn' kbfy{ sf]
k|of] u ug{ ■=========== x'F b}g .
t/ s' g} lghL hnsf wgLn] c? s'g} hnsf hnr/x?nfO{ Iflt gx'g] u/L cfkmgf]
lghL hndf rnr/ ;dfTg tyf dfg{s f] lgldQ ljiffn' kbfy{ 5f8\ g afx]s h' g ;'s}
t/Lsfsf] k| o f]u ug{d f of] bkmf / o; cGtu{ tsf s' g} s'/ fn] afwf k' ¥ofpg] 5}g .
❍
#s= kmL; Nof8/ tyf ;+/rgfsf 9f]sf y'Gg jf eTsfpg gx'g] M clwsf/ k| fKt JolQm
afx]s c? s;} n] klg hnr/sf] ;+/ If0fsf] nflu hndf /x] sf] kmL; Nof8/, afF w tyf
cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] ;+/ rgfsf] 9f] sfx?nfO{ y'Gg jf eTsfpg x'Fb}g .
$= s]xL vf; k|sf/sf hnr/x?nfO{ ;dfTg, dfg{ tyf rf]6 k'¥ofpg dgfxL ug]{ g]kfn
;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf k| s flzt cfb]z åf/f ;f] xL
cfb]z df–
●
❍
klxnf] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f yk .
❍
❍
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f yk .
■
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f yk .
❍
klxnf] ;+zf] w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f yk .
-s_ tf]lsPsf hfltsf hnr/x?nfO{ g] kfn ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf]
Ohfhtkq a]u/ s'g} klg JolQmn] hfgL hfgL ;dfTg, dfg{ tyf rf] 6
k'¥ofpg gkfpg] u/L, /
-v_ tf]lsPsf] Ct'd f / tf]l sPsf cj:yfsf s' g} klg hnr/x?nfO{ s' g} klg
JolQmn] hfgL hfgL ;dfTg, dfg{ tyf rf] 6 k'¥ofpg gkfpg] u/L dgfxL ug{
;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} JolQm ljz]i fsf] lghL hndf /x] sf hnr/x?sf] ;DaGwdf
of] bkmf / o; bkmf cGtu{ tsf s'g} s'/ f nfu" x'g]5}g .
%= s]xL vf; hndf hnr/x?nfO{ ;dfTg, dfg{ tyf rf]6 k'¥ofpg dgfxL ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfnsf] /fhkqdf k| sflzt cfb] z åf/f ;f] xL
cfb]z df tf]lsPsf 7fpFsf] hndf g] kfn ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf] Ohfht
a]u/ s'g} klg JolQmn] hfgL hfgL hnr/x? ;dfTg, dfg{ tyf rf] 6 k'¥ofpg
gkfpg] u/L dgfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf 7fpFs f hnsf] ;Dk"0 f{ hnr/df g] kfn
;/sf/sf] dfq clwsf/ x' g]5 .
t/ s'g} JolQm ljz]i fn] lghL hnsf] ;DaGwdf g] kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] cfb]z lgsfNg]
5}g .
❍
%s= ;'/lIft ljif afx]s cGo ljif k|of]u ug{ gx'g] M hnr/ ;dfTg] jf dfg]{ k|o f] hgsf]
nflu s'g} ljiffn' kbfy{ k| of] u ug{' kg]{ ePdf To;sf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu ;' /lIft ljif
afx]s c? s' g} k|sf/sf] ljif k|o f] u ug{' x'Fb}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu æ;' /lIft ljifÆ eGgfn] k| fljlws
clwsf/Ln] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] /;fog jf hl8a' 6L ;Demg' k5{ .
❍
%v= hnr/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M
-!_ ljB' t, vfg] kfgL, l;+ rfO{ jf cGo s' g} k| of] hgsf] nflu afF w lgdf{ 0f ug]{
lgsfon] hnr/sf] cfjfudgdf jfwf kg{ glbgsf] nflu ;Dej eP;Dd
kmL; Nof8/ lgdf{ 0f ug{' kg]{ 5 . kmL; Nof8/ lgdf{0 f ug{ ;Dej gx'g] ePdf
❍
❍
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f yk .
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f yk .
To:tf] 7fpF df jf cf; kf;sf] If] qdf hnr/sf] s[l qd k| hgg u/fpgsf]
lgldQ hnr/ x\ ofr/L tyf hnr/ g;{/Lsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ k| fljlws clwsf/LnfO{ k" j{
hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ 5 .
^= gful/ssf] clwsf/ M bkmf $ tyf bkmf % adf]l hd lgsflnPsf cfb] zn] dgfxL
u/] s f] Ct' cj:yf tyf 7fpFdf afx]s bkmf # sf] clwgdf /xL cGo hndf hnr/
dfg{ jf ;dfTg o; P]g sf] s'g} s'/ fn] s' g} gful/snfO{ dgfxL u/] sf] dflgg] 5}g .
●
&= 7]Ssf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkmgf] lgoGq0fdf /x] sf] h'g ;' s} hndf s' g} Ps jf Ps
eGbf a9L k|sf/sf hnr/x? ;dfTg] tyf dfg]{ sfdsf] 7]Ssf aGbf]a :t ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ :yfgLo lgsfox?n] k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd hndf df5f kfng ug]{ jf
df5f dfg]{ 7]S sf lb+b f k| fljlws clwsf/L;+ u k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] 7]S sf lb+b f hnr/ ;dfTg jf kqmg k|o f] u
ul/g] ;fwgsf] dfkb08 tf]l sP adf]l hd x' g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]l hdsf] 7]Ssf lb+bfsf] sfo{l jlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g] 5
.
*= b08 ;hfo M
●
-!_ bkmf # jf #s= pNn3+g ug]{ jf ug{ b' ?T;fxg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo
clwsf/Lsf] cfb] zn] s;"/ sf] dfqf x]/ L xfgL gf]S ;fgL ePsf]d f lauf]
a/fa/sf] Ifltk"l t{ e/fO{ kfF rxhf/ ?k}ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 . xfgL
gf]S;fgLsf] d"Nofs+g ubf{ k| fljlws clwsf/LnfO{ ;+ nUg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ bkmf $ jf bkmf % cGtu{ t lgsflnPsf] cfb] zsf s' g} s'/ f pNn3+g ug]{ jf
●
ug{ b' ? T;fxg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf cfb] z n] b'O{ xhf/
?k}o fF ;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 .
●
●
klxnf] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
●
klxnf] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df n]lvPsf] b08 ;hfodf s'g} k|l ts" n k| efj gkf/L of]
P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] s f lgod jf lgsflnPsf cfb]zsf s'g} s' /f
pNn3+g ug]{ jf ug{ b'? T;fxg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf cfb]zn]
●
Ps xhf/ ?k}o fF ;Dd hl/jfgf x'g] 5 .
-$_ of] P]g cGtu{ t s;" /bf/ ;fljt ePsf] JolQmsf] ;fydf /x]s f] ;f] s;"/ ;F u
;DalGwt ;a} xltof/, ;fdfg / rLh j:t'x ? ;d] t :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf
cfb]z n] hkmt x'g]5 .
-%_ of] P]g cGtu{ t ePsf] hl/jfgfsf] ?k} ofF tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq s;"/bf/n]
a'emfpg gNofPdf ;/sf/L afF sL ;/xsf] sf/jfO{ u/L lghaf6 c;" n pk/
ul/g]5 .
(= k'g/fj]bg M ■====== bkmf * cGtu{ t :yfgLo clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] b08 ;hfosf cfb]z
pk/ lrQ ga' ‰g] JolQmn] ;f] cfb]z sf] ;" rgf kfPsf ldltn] #% lbgleq ▲k'g/fj]bg
cbfntdf k'g/fj] bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ cfkm" nfO{ nfUg] 7xl/Psf] hl/jfgf jfktsf] ?k}o fF w/f} 6L jf Tolt c+s sf] wg
hdfgL g/fv] lghsf] To:tf] s' g} k' g/fj]bg nfUg] 5} g .
!)= hl/jfgf jfkt c;"n ePsf] ?k}ofF / hkmt ePsf] xltof/, ;fdfg / rLh j:t'x?
;/sf/L sf]ifdf bflvn x'g] M of] P]g cGtu{t hl/jfgf jfkt c;" n ePsf] ?k}o fF /
hkmt ePsf] xltof/, ;fdfg / rLh j:t' dWo] xltof/ / lj:kmf] 6s tyf ljiffn'
kbfy{ afx] s c? lhG;L hlt lnnfd laqmL u/L gubLdf kl/0ft u/L :yfgLo dfn
c8\ 8f jf g] kfn /fi6« a}+ sdf bflvn ug{' xltof/ / lj:kmf] 6s ljiffn' kbfy{ hlt
k| rlnt g] kfn sfg"g adf]l hd ug{' :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf] st{ Jo x'g] 5 .
!!= :yfgLo clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/ M of] P]g cGtu{ tsf] d' 2 fsf] sf/jfO{ ubf{ aofg jskq
u/fpg] , ;fIfL k| df0f a' ‰g] lnvtx? bflvn u/fpg] ;d] t z' ? cbfntnfO{ eP
;/xsf ;a} clwsf/ :yfgLo clwsf/LnfO{ x' g]5 .
●
■
klxnf] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
▲
klxnf] ;+zf] w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
Gofo k|z f;g P] g, @)$* åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
!@= lu/kmtf/ ug]{ / sAhf ug]{ clwsf/ M
-!_ of] P] g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag] sf lgod jf lgsflnPsf cfb]z alv{ nfk
s;} n] sfd u/] u/fPsf] s'/ f b] v]df jf k| df0f kfPdf :yfgLo clwsf/L jf
lghaf6 vl6Psf sd{ rf/L jf h'g ;' s} k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] To:tf] JolQmnfO{
lagf jf/] 06 lu/kmtf/ u/L s;"/ df k| of] u ePsf xltof/, ;fdfg / rLh
j:t'x ? ;d] t pk/ sAhf ug{ ;Sg] 5 . :yfgLo clwsf/Laf6 vl6Psf
sd{ rf/L jf s'g} k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] lu/kmtf/ u/] s f] JolQm / sAhf u/] sf]
xltof/, ;fdfg / hLr j:t' nfO{ af6f] sf] Dofb afx] s @$ 306f leq :yfgLo
clwsf/L ;dIf a' emfO{ lbg' k5{ .
!#= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]g n] ug{ dgfxL ePsf] sfd s'/f ubf{ / o;
P]gsf] s'g} bkmf nfu" gePsf s' g} JolQmn] ;f] adf]lhd ubf{ s;} sf] s]x L xfgL
gf]S ;fgL ePsf] df k| rlnt g] kfn sfg" g adf]l hd x' g jf ug{d f o; P] gsf] s'g}
s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5} g .
!$= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M of] P]gsf] p2] Zo sfof{l Gjt ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] lgodx?
agfpg ;Sg] 5 .
!%= vf/]hL M
-!_ d' n's L P]g -cbn_ sf] @% g+ = vf/] h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ of] P] g / o; P] g cGtu{ t ag]sf] lgod jf lgsflnPsf cfb]z;F u aflemg]
hlt g] kfn sfg" g vf/] h ePsf] jf cj:yfg' ;f/ ;f] ;F u ldNg] u/L ;+zf] wg
ul/Psf] dflgg] 5 .
b|i6Jo M-!_ Gofo k| zf;g -ljljw Joj:yf_ -;+ zf] wg_ P]g, @)@! åf/f ?kfGt/ ul/Psf
zAbx?M–
ælhNnf cbfntÆ sf] ;§f æc~rn cbfntÆ
-@_ g]kfn sfg"g -;+zf] wg_ P]g, @)@$ åf/f ?kfGt/ ul/Psf zAbx?M–
-s_ æuh] 6Æ sf] ;§f æ/fhkqÆ
-v_ æclknÆ sf] ;§f æk' g/fj]bgÆ
-u_ æk'l n;Æ sf] ;§f æk|x/LÆ
