MA. SARAH A. I.
CONCEPCION, MD, MOH
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the session, the participants
should be able to:
1. Explain the basic principles and practice
of accident and disease prevention in the
workplace;
2. Express commitment in preventing the
occurrence and recurrence of accidents
and diseases within their organization.
OUTLINE:
I. Global and local updates
II. Brief overview on
- Industrial hygiene
- Safety basics
- Accident costs and consequences
- Safety principles in workplaces
Do you know that due to work
connected ailments or injuries
there is an average of
6,000 people who die everyday
equivalent to one every 15 seconds.
Source: ILO Data
2.3 million deaths
per year including
651,000 deaths from more
Hazardous substances deadly
and 160 million work- than
connected diseases wars.
each year.
Source: ILO Data 2005
Global Estimates
(2005)
Fatal occupational injuries- total: 355,000
LAC 8% MEC 8% EME 6%
FSE 6%
India 13%
SSA 15%
China 20%
OAI 24%
Established Market Economies Former Socialist Economies
India China
Other Asia and Islands Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America and the Caribbean Middle-Eastern Crescent
Source: The ILO Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment SafeWork
EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION COMISSION DATA
347,310 work-connected sickness,
injury, death claims (2000-2010) or
an average of 141,099 cases per
year, 386 per day
BUREAU OF LOCAL EMPLOYMENT AND STATISTICS DATA (BLES)
39,587 work-connected injuries
and deaths in 2009:
17,713 with workdays lost
113 are fatal cases
Based on 5,126 samples of non-agricultural establishments with 20 or more
workers.
http://bles.dole.gov.ph/SURVEY%20RESULTS/2010%20Survey%20Result/2009-
2010%20BITS%20mainpage.html
Occupational Accidents and Injuries 2003 - 2009, BLES
70,000
60,000
58,720 113 FATAL CASES, 2009
52,515
50,000 44,80046,570 9% 19%
39,587 11%
40,000 36,455
2%
9%
30,000
20,000
10,000 15%
35%
0
2003 2007 2009 Manufacturing Electricity,Gas,Water
Transport, Storage & Communication Real Estate
Accidents Injuries Others Constrtuction
Mining
http://bles.dole.gov.ph/SUR
VEY%20RESULTS/2010%
20Survey%20Result/2009-
2010%20BITS%20mainpag
e.html
Diseases 2007 2009
Occupational Diseases 2007 - 2009,
BLES 1. Work-related MSD 13,296 28,574
2. Occupational Asthma 8,759 4,906
3. Tuberculosis 2,921
80,000 71,894 4. Other Infections 6,517 3,482
70,000
60,000 5. Essential Hypertension 6,152 9,101
50,000
47,235
6. Occupational Dermatitis 5,965 5,644
40,000
7. Peptic Ulcer 4,135 5,871
30,000
20,000 8. Cardiovascular Diseases 854 767
10,000 9. Heat stroke, Cramps, Exhaustion, 577 670
0 Chilblain, Freezing
2007 2009 10. Cataract 284 140
11. Acute poisonings 189 192
12. Deafness 172 320
13. Others 334 9,306
TOTAL 47,235 71,894
http://bles.dole.gov.ph/SURVEY%20RESULTS/2010%20Survey
%20Result/2009-2010%20BITS%20mainpage.html
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE is the science
concerned with the anticipation,
recognition, evaluation and control of
workplace environmental factors or
hazards that may affect the health, and
safety of the worker.
Workplace Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
• Physical Hazards
• Biological Hazards
• Ergonomic Hazards
Workplace Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
- Gases -Noxious or toxic
- Vapors - Corrosive
- Liquids - Allergens
- Aerosols (dusts, - Irritants
fibers, fumes, mists, - Asphyxiants
fogs) - Carcinogens
- Mutagenics
- Reproductive Toxicants
- Systemic Poisons
Workplace Hazards
• Physical hazards
- Noise
- Hot or Cold temperature
- Poor illumination Examples of Typical Noise Levels
- Radiation Noise Source dB
- Vibration Pneumatic chipper at 1 meter 115
Textile room 103
Newspaper press 95
Power lawn mower at 1 meter 92
Diesel truck 50 km/hr at 20 m 85
Passenger car 60 km/hr at 20 m 65
Conversation at 1 m 55
Quiet room 40
Workplace Hazards
• Biological Hazards
A. Infectious Agents B. Non-infectious Agents
- workers in hospitals - viable organisms
and laboratories - biogenic toxins
bacteria, molds and
toxins that affect
workers in cotton mill,
sewage and sludge
treatment , in silos
- biogenic allergens
workers in agriculture
Workplace Hazards
• Ergonomic Hazards
A. Physical Ergonomics
- working postures, materials handling, repetitive
movements, workplace layout
- work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD)
B. Cognitive Ergonomics
- mental workload , decision-making, skilled performance,
human-computer interaction
C. Organizational Ergonomics
- working time, communication, staff resource management, work
design, teamwork, participatory design, community ergonomics,
cooperative work, new work paradigms, virtual organizations, and quality management
Workplace Hazards
• Psychosocial hazards
• Work demands
• Inter-personal relationship and
leadership
• Work-family conflict
• Job satisfaction
• Job insecurity
• Influence and development
• Role ambiguity
Control measures
• Engineering Control
• Administrative Control
• Personal Protective
Equipment
What Do We Believe or Perceive ?
• Accidents and road deaths are
unavoidable
• We very rarely make mistakes
• We exceed company expectations
• We never break the law
What is really happening?
• Accidents can be avoided
• We make many mistakes
• Our work performance can be better
• We don’t follow the road laws – we
break the law
What do we have to do?
• We must accept that we need to change
• We have to change how and why we do change
• Mindset change is:
- accepting there are better ways of doing things
- accepting that individuals can make a difference
- accepting that an individual is important
- accepting that individuals can make a contribution
“Safety is not just signs and
handrails, it is in people’s minds.”
Tony Smith
National Safety Council
2006, Turin, Italy
Vehicular Accidents
US accident statistics:
- 45% of all accidental deaths are workers
- 4.5% occur in the workplace
- 2.5% occur in non-vehicle work accidents
Accident
Is an occurrence or event
UNEXPECTED
UNFORESEEN
UNPLANNED
UNWANTED
that
– interrupts or disrupts the normal and orderly
progress of any activity
– Physical harm
– Damage to property
– Delay in operation
“If labor standards are costly,
try an accident”
Written comment by an employer
Accident Costs
DIRECT COSTS
INDIRECT COSTS
Medical Costs
Accident Costs
Insurance Premiums
Employee Compensation
DIRECT COSTS
INDIRECT COSTS
Medical Costs
Accident Costs
Insurance Premiums
Employee Compensation
DIRECT COSTS
INDIRECT COSTS
Inspect/repair/remove/replace Hire and train new employee
damaged or destroyed Investigate accident
equipment and materials Complete written reports
Order replacement parts, File workers’ compensation or
materials or entire machines insurance claims
Rent temporary replacement Clean-up area
machines/tools
Repair damaged work areas
Pay overtime wages
Absorb possible lost sales
Accident Consequences
• Near Miss
• Property
Damage
• First Aid
• Lost Time
• Fatality
Safety Principles
Unit group of 330
1 MAJOR INJURY
accidents of the
same kind,
involving 1 person
29
MINOR INJURIES
300
NON- INJURY ACCIDENTS
?000---000?
Foundation of a Major Injury
Safety Principles
Accidents
You only
see the
tip of the Incidents
and
pyramid. Unreported
occurrences
Accidents are due to:
1. Unsafe Conditions
2. Unsafe Practices
Unsafe Conditions
• Inadequate guards or
protection
• Defective
tools/equipment
• Congestion
• Substandard
housekeeping
• Excessive noise
• Inadequate illumination
or ventilation
Unsafe Practices
• Operating without authority or
permit
• Failure to warn or secure
• Operating at improper speed
• Making safety devices inoperable
• Using defective equipment
• Using equipment improperly
• Failure to use personal protective
equipment
• Improper loading or placement
• Improper lifting
• Taking improper position
• Servicing equipment in motion
• Horseplay
• Drinking or drugs
Office Safety
Safe Access
And
Fall Protection
Lifting Techniques
(Ergonomics)
Ergonomics
Poorly Designed Work Station
- Awkward reaching creating a possible tipping hazard Ergonomically Correct Work Station
- No upper lumbar support on chair could lead to CTD’s
Safe Access Fire and Electrical Safety
1. Unsafe lift. Blocked view and not using handrail.
2. Trash on stairs.
3. Foot protection. Employees must wear protective
footwear when heavy items may fall on the feet.
More workplace accidents that take place result to
higher company insurance premium
and
Higher company premiums means lower profit on
each product unit sold
Accident COSTS MONEY
Safety SAVES MONEY
Philosophy of Accident Prevention
•Society as a whole has a moral responsibility to
prevent needless destruction of life and health,
particularly in the workplace
•The employer is primarily responsible for
ensuring a safe, healthy work environment
•Employees are held accountable for following
prescribed safety standards and guidelines
LEGAL BASIS
• The Philippine Constitution, 1987
“labor shall be entitled
to…humane conditions of work…”
Philippine Labor OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Code, 1974 AND HEALTH STANDARDS
Book IV is devoted to prevention A set of specific
and compensation of work-related rules on OSH
injuries and illnesses
Rules of the OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
STANDARDS
1000 General Provisions
1160 Boiler
1010 Other Safety Rules
1170 Unfired Pressure Vessels
1020 Registration
1180 Internal Combustion Engine
1030 Training & Accreditation
1200 Machine Guarding
1040 Health and Safety
1210 Electrical Safety
Committee
1220 Elevators & Related
1050 Notification & Keeping of
Equipment
Records of Accidents/Illnesses
1230 Identification of Piping
1060 Premises of Establishments
System 1240 Power Piping Lines
1070 Environmental Control
1410 Construction Safety
1080 Personal Protective
1420 Logging
Equipment
1940 Fire Protection & Control
1090 Hazardous Materials
1950 Pesticides & Fertilizers
1100 Gas & Electric Welding &
1960 OH Services
Cutting Operations
1970 Fees
1120 Hazardous Work Processes
1980 Authority of LGUs
1140 Explosives
1990 Final Provisions
1150 Materials Handling & Storage
Accidents are caused by either one or a
combination of 3 factors:
- Unsafe conditions
- Unsafe acts
- Management failure
To fulfill the SOCIAL obligation
To fulfill the FISCAL obligation
To fulfill the LEGAL obligation
This is the least effective strategy
This is a better strategy
This is the most effective strategy
To maintain GOOD EMPLOYER
AND LABOR RELATIONS
To maintain GOOD PUBLIC
RELATIONS and PUBLICITY
TO MAINTAIN GOOD EMPLOYER-LABOR
RELATIONS
TO MAINTAIN GOOD PUBLIC RELATIONS
AND PUBLICITY
We need to know WHO
and WHERE we are to be
more effective at
WHAT we do.
“If things are done right the first time
and every time, we have a safe
operation but also an efficient,
productive, cost-effective operation.”
W. Edward Deming
author of Total Quality Management
In Summary:
• Millions of work-connected illness, injuries
and deaths worldwide each year
• Common health hazards are chemical,
physical, biologic and ergonomic
• Hazards are controlled thru engineering,
administrative and use of PPE
• Accidents can be avoided, mindset change is
needed
• Direct and indirect costs of accidents
• Accidents are due to unsafe conditions and
unsafe practices
• Management commit to safety in order to
fulfil its legal, fiscal and social obligation
Have a safe day!
Break - +++
