CLIMATE CHANGE 101
John Leo Algo
Science Policy Associate
The Climate Reality Project Philippines
Photo credit: Sustainable Business Network (2016)
GLOBAL CLIMATE
WARMING CHANGE
Mas mataas na CO2, mas mainit na panahon
Source: Petit et al., 2000; Barnola et al., 2003
ANG PINAKAMAINIT NA TAON SA KASAYSAYAN
Ranggo Taon Pagtaas ng temperatura
(degree Celsius)
1 2016 0.94
2 2015 0.90
3 2017 0.84
4 2014 0.74
5 2010 0.70
6 2013 0.66
7 2005 0.65
8 2009 0.64
9 1998 0.63
10 2012 0.62
Global Ocean Heat Content
50% ng pag-init
ng karagatan ay
nangyari sa loob
ng 20 taon
Mahigit 50% ng
pag-init ay nasa
sea surface
Source: Gleckler et al. (2016). Industrial-era global ocean heat uptake doubles in recent decades. Nature Climate Change, 2016; DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2915
Bakit malakas si YOLANDA?
+1°C +5°C
Cainta, Rizal after Typhoon Ondoy
September 26, 2009
One month’s worth of
rainfall … in 6 hours
© 2010 Charles Andrew Francia
Tatalon, Quezon City
August 11, 2018
More than half a month’s
rainfall in 24 hours …
without a direct typhoon hit
© 2018 LeAnne Jazul/Rappler
Zamboanga City
September 15, 2018
© 2018 RJ Rosalado/ABSCBN News
Some of the notable
impacts of climate
change …
MAS MAINIT SA LABAS
APEKTADO ANG AGRIKULTURA
Epekto ng tagtuyot
April 2016
Not affected
Dry condition
Dry spell
Drought
35% ng Pilipinas ang dumanas
ng matinding tagtuyot
Insidente sa Kidapawan, North Cotabato
April 1, 2016
Maaaring magpalala ng karahasan
ang pagbabago ng klima
Mas mababa sa 10% ng coral reefs ang nasa
mabuting kalagayan
Mababawasan ng 30-50% ang mahuhuli ng
mangingisda pagdating ng 2050 kumpara noong
2000
30 milyong Pilipino ang mawawalan ng
kabuhayan at pagkain
MAUUBOS ANG YAMANG-DAGAT
MARAMING MAWAWALAN NG TAHANAN
MGA BAGYONG NAGDULOT NG PINAKAMALAKING
PINSALA
Rank Storm Period of Impact Number of deaths
1 (Haiphong) September 1881 20000
2 Yolanda (Haiyan) November 2013 6300
3 Uring (Thelma) November 1991 5101
4 Pablo (Bopha) December 2012 1901
5 (Angela) September 1867 1800
6 (Winnie) November 2004 1593
7 (1897 Typhoon) October 1897 1500
8 Nitang (Ike) September 1984 1492
9 Frank (Fengshen) June 2008 1410
10 Reming (Durian) November 2006 1399
MGA BAGYONG NAGDULOT NG PINAKAMALAKING
PINSALA
Rank Storm Period of Impact Cost of Damage (PHP)
1 Yolanda (Haiyan) November 2013 89.6 billion
2 Pablo (Bopha) December 2012 42.2 billion
3 Glenda (Rammasun) July 2014 38.6 billion
4 Pepeng (Parma) October 2009 27.3 billion
5 Ompong (Mangkhut) September 2018 18 billion
6 Pedring (Nesat) September 2011 15 billion
7 Frank (Fengshen) June 2008 13.5 billion
8 Juan (Megi) October 2010 11 billion
9 Ondoy (Ketsana) September 2009 11 billion
10 Ruping (Mike) November 1990 10.8 billion
13.6 milyong Pilipino ang
maaaring mawalan ng
tahanan dahil sa 1-meter
sea level rise
Global Risk Index (1997-2016)
Rank Country Deaths per Total losses Losses per Total
100 000 (in USD) unit GDP (in number of
inhabitants %) events
1 Honduras 4.28 561.11 1.97 62
2 Haiti 2.96 418.77 2.73 72
3 Myanmar 14.55 1277.86 0.69 43
4 Nicaragua 2.96 234.60 1.13 44
5 Philippines 0.98 2893.41 0.61 289
6 Bangladesh 0.44 2311.07 0.68 187
7 Pakistan 0.33 3816.82 0.60 141
8 Vietnam 0.37 2029.80 0.55 216
9 Thailand 0.21 7696.59 0.97 137
10 Dominican 2.32 243.53 0.26 49
Republic
PHILIPPINES JAPAN
POOR LAND
USE!
Baguio City
September 15, 2018
© 2018 Kathrine Victa/Rappler
THERE REALLY IS
NO SUCH THING AS A
“NATURAL DISASTER”!
EXTREME WEATHER
EVENT DISASTER
HUMIHINA ANG TATAG NG KALIKASAN
FOREST COVER IN THE PHILIPPINES
1934-2010
18
17
16
14
Million hectares
12
10.6
10
8
6.5 7.2 6.8
6
4
2
0
1934 1969 1988 2003 2010
Year
50% of all species could
be extinct by 2100
Source: Biodiversity Management Bureau (2014)
We are making the environment adapt to us!
MAS MATAAS ANG PAGKAKATAONG
MAGKASAKIT
Kumpara sa mga karatig-bansa, ang Pilipinas ay …
particulate
matter
CO2
#2 sa pinakamaraming #3 sa pinakamaraming
namatay dahil sa polusyon sa namatay dahil sa polusyon sa
loob ng tahanan labas ng tahanan
Kapag mas mainit …
Mas gutom
ang lamok
Mas mabilis ang
paglaganap ng
virus sa hangin
Lumalawak
ang teritoryo
Every 1ºC increase in min. temp.
233 additional dengue cases
8 additional cholera cases
Every 1% additional RH
31 additional dengue cases
662 additional cholera cases
By 2050:
up to PHP 1 billion in health-
related losses
Source: Lorenzo et al. (2011)
CO2 vs. HFC
Percent of GHGs in
65% atmosphere (2014) <1%
Global warming
1 potential (GWP) up to 14800
2% Rate of increase
8%
(2017) (2014)
Source: IPCC (2014)
Climate change worsens
poverty.
No matter the socioeconomic
class, religion, region, or color you
represent …
Climate change affects
EVERYTHING and EVERYONE.
Everything we have experienced
happened in a world warmer by no more
than 1°C.
What happens at 2°C?
Food prices 37% (rice)
24% (cereals)
13% (fruits and vegetables)
4% (chicken, pork, beef)
Food production 13% (corn)
3% (rice)
People at risk of hunger = 2.5 million
Annual economic costs
due to extreme events
= P145 billion
SOLUTIONS!
MITIGATION
Pagbabawas ng greenhouse gas sa atmospera
Pagbabago ng paraan ng pamumuhay upang makibagay
sa mga epekto ng pagbabago ng klima
ADAPTATION
National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2011-2028)
Ecosystems Climate-
and smart Knowledge
environmental industries Sustainable and capacity
stability and services energy development
Goal: build the adaptive
capacities of women and men in
their communities, increase the
resilience of vulnerable sectors
and natural ecosystems to Food Water Human
climate change, and optimize security security security
mitigation opportunities towards
a gender-responsive and
rights-based sustainable
development
FOOD SECURITY
Magtanim sa bakuran
FOOD SECURITY
• Crop rotation
• Early warning systems for potential hazards
• Alternate wetting-and-drying
• Organic farming
• Supplemental irrigation and rainwater capture
Mas sustainable na pamamaraan sa agrikultura
FOOD SECURITY
• Natural defenses to prevent sea level rise
• Flexible fish-capturing
• Weather forecasting
• Selective breeding and diversification
• Improved farm siting
Aquaculture
WATER SECURITY
Maging masinop sa paggamit ng
tubig!
Matipid na paggamit at pagresiklo ng tubig
WATER SECURITY
• Iwasang gumamit ng single-use plastic (bag, straw)!
• Gumamit ng sariling baunan ng pagkain at tubig!
• Kung hindi maiiwasang gumamit ng plastic,
siguraduhing magagamit ulit!
Tamang pagtapon ng basura
ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY
Rainforestation (pagtatanim ng tamang puno)
ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY
Pagpapalakas ng katatagan ng kalikasan at ng komunidad
(carbon sinks)
ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY
Pangangalaga ng kalikasan at likas-yaman
HUMAN SECURITY
• Iwasang tumira sa mga lugar na madalas tamaan
ng mga sakuna
• Palakasin ang kahandaan at katatagan ng pamilya
o komunidad sa pagtugon sa mga sakuna
• Alamin ang mahalagang detalye tungkol sa
panahon at plano sakaling tumama ang sakuna
Disaster risk reduction management
BICOL DAVAO CAGAYAN VALLEY
REHABILITATION
PREVENTION PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE
AND RECOVERY
Marikina City
August 2018
Photo credit: Thinking Pinoy (2018)
Zamboanga City
September 15, 2018
© 2018 RJ Rosalado/ABSCBN News
HUMAN SECURITY
Pagsama ng mga marginalized sa aksyon
HUMAN SECURITY
Mas angkop na paggamit ng lupa (sa mga siyudad)
CLIMATE-SMART INDUSTRIES AND SERVICES
Maging masinop sa paggamit ng
kuryente!
Paggamit ng refrigerants na may mas mababang
global warming potential
CLIMATE-SMART INDUSTRIES AND SERVICES
Pagtatayo at pagpapaganda ng sustainable na mga
gusali at siyudad
CLIMATE-SMART INDUSTRIES AND SERVICES
• Urban farmer • Solar cell manufacturer
• Water quality technician • Wind energy worker
• Recycling personnel • Ecotour guide
• Natural scientist • Environmental lawyer
• “Green” architect • Entrepreneur of sustainable
• Landscaper products
Green jobs
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
2003 2016
Renewable energy
Solar and wind? Hydropower? Coal-free?
Ilocos Norte
Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija
Benguet
Pangasinan Pililia, Rizal
Bulacan Laguna
Sorsogon
Calatagan, Batangas
Masbate
Bohol
Guimaras
Bukidnon
Negros Oriental
Lanao del Sur
Ozamiz City
South Cotabato
Lanao del Norte
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Mga sustainable na paraan ng transportasyon
KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
Alamin ang tamang impormasyon tungkol sa agham
ng pagbabago ng klima
KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
Mabilis at madaling maunawaan na pagpapalaganap
ng impormasyon tuwing may sakuna
KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
Renewable Energy Act of 2008 People’s Survival Fund (2011)
Climate Change Act of 2009 Green Jobs Act of 2016
Philippine Disaster Reduction
Paris Agreement (2015)
and Management Act of 2010
Environmental Awareness and Kigali Amendment to the
Education Act of 2008 Montreal Protocol (2016)
Alamin ang mga batas
1.5ºC
Temperature increase target under
the Paris Agreement (2015)
Point of “no return”
Huwag maniniwala sa
fake news.
Maging mapanuri.
Makibahagi sa diskusyon at
pag-dedesisyon sa inyong
komunidad.
“Both everyday experience
and scientific research show
that the gravest effects of all
attacks on the environment
are suffered by the poorest.”
Back to basics
Communicate well
Global phenomenon,
local action
Change against climate
change is coming from you.
