THE ALTERNATIVE OPERATING MECHANISM OF A LOADING BUSINESS IN

RODRIGUEZ RIZAL

A Research Paper

Presented to

Mrs. Marife D. Baliwas, MA. Ed.

Faculty of FEU Roosevelt College, Inc. – Rodriguez Campus

Rodriguez, Rizal

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Research II For the

Course Thesis Writing

By

Jacinto, Karla Ruth C. Fuentes, Nicole F.

Elaurza, Rhea Mhae B. Tomas, Luis Angelo D.

Molina, Maria Khristina P. Angeles, Nathanael John V.

Dugan, Jannah G. Banaag, Carl Ericson SD

12– ABM B

2019 - 2020
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE / STUDIES

Reference: Internet

Author/ Writer: Douglas Spoodak, Bala Cynwyd, Peruvemba

Natarajan & Randolph

Title of Material: PORTABLE E-WALLET AND UNIVERSAL CARD

Date Published: March 29, 2012

Place Published: US

Publisher: Patent Application Publication

URL: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9129270B2/en

Related Literature/Related Studies

Spoodak. Cynwyd. Natarajan. Randolph (2012) To reduce the

number of cards carried by a person, a universal card and short

range communication enabled mobile device can be used in place of

all the other cards which the person may want to carry. The

universal card can include a short range communications

transceiver to communicate with a mobile device. The mobile device

can include a user interface and an e-wallet application so that

the user can interface with the e-wallet application for

programming the universal card via the short range communication

link. Once programmed, the universal card emulates a function of

a traditional card, such as emulating the magnetic stripe of the

traditional card, the NFC communication of the traditional card,

the radio transmission of the traditional card, or any other

function.

Reference: Internet

Author/ Writer: Sirapracha, Juthamard, and Gerard Tocquer.

Title of Material: BRANDING AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE IN THE

WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY.

Date Published: 2012

Place Published: Thailand

Publisher: International Journal of Trade, Economics and

Finance 3, no. 2

Pages: 103-108

URL: https://s.docworkspace.com/d/ANmIdeu6_5EuwvvwsbmmFA

Related Literature/Related Studies

Sirapracha and Tocquer (2012) investigated the relationship

of brand image, customer experience, and brand loyalty in

Thailand’s wireless telecommunication service industry. The

results showed that the different wireless service players deliver

different customer experiences and images and that customer

experiences influence brand strength including brand image and

customer loyalty.

Reference: Internet

Author/ Writer: Chang, P. K., and H. L. Chong

Title of Material: CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY ON

SERVICE PROVIDED BY MALAYSIAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES

Date Published: 2011

Place Published: Malaysia

Publisher: International Conference

Pages: 1-6

URL: https://s.docworkspace.com/d/ANmIdeu6_5EuwvvwsbmmFA

Related Literature/Related Studies

Chang and Chong (2011) explored service quality, corporate

image, price, customer satisfaction, and service loyalty of

Malaysian telecommunication companies. The results showed that

service quality, corporate image, and price were the customer

satisfaction predictors. The findings also indicated that price

had the most impact on customer satisfaction. The authors

concluded that, it is an imperative to improve the quality

management of mobile phone services.

Reference: Internet

Author/ Writer: Al-Debei, Mutaz M., and David Avison.

Title of Material: BUSINESS MODEL REQUIREMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN

THE MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR

Date Published: 2011

Place Published: Europe

Publisher: Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social

Change8, no. 2

Pages:215-235

URL: https://s.docworkspace.com/d/ANmIdeu6_5EuwvvwsbmmFA

Related Literature/Related Studies

Al-Debei and Avison (2011) asserted that the

telecommunication sector is undergoing critical revolution, and is

driven by innovation, globalization, and deregulation.

Cellular networks and telecommunications brought massive

changes to the way telecommunication companies

are conducted. They further mentioned that there is a need

to enhance the ability of telecommunication operators

in determining what constitutes the most effective business model

to meet the their strategic objectives within the

raging environment.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Enriquez

Title of material: DEVELOPMENT OF SIM CARD APPLICATION

Date published: 2009

Place Published: N/A

URL:https://www.academia.edu/13937536/Development_of_SIM_card_ap

plication

Related Literature/Related Studies

Enriquez (2009) defined the smartcard as Subscriber

identity module application that is generally known as SIM card

or Java Card, up course with the set standards of Java. In other

words, when a smart card is inserted with an application, it is

no longer a smart card but it is called a SIM card. But, in

reality, the SIM is effectively is a mass market smartcard. It

stores data for GSM/CDMA Cellular telephone subscribers. The

data includes user identity, network authorization data,

personal, security keys, contact lists and stored text messages.

Included also in the SIM card is the security encryption to

protect data inside it.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Schach

Title of material: DEVELOPMENT OF SIM CARD APPLICATION

Date published: 2012

Place Published: N/A

URL:https://www.academia.edu/13937536/Development_of_SIM_card_ap

plication

Related Literature/Related Studies

Schach (2012) SIM cards, with its microprocessor base, are

similar to a mini-computer with its own operating system,

storage and built-in security features. When configured with up-

to-date cryptography, as recommended by 10 concern international

standardization organization, SIM cards provide a level of

security that is state-of-the-art. The SIM card can add, delete

and manipulate information within its memory, on top of sending

and receiving data.

Reference: Internet
Author/Writer: Edsbacker

Title of material: DEVELOPMENT OF SIM CARD APPLICATION

Date published: 2010

Place Published :N/A

URL:https://www.academia.edu/13937536/Development_of_SIM_card_ap

plication

Related Literature/Related Studies

According to Edsbacker (2010), Blank SIM cards from SIM

manufacturers for application development purposes can be avail.

A blank Java Card 2.x compatible SIM just costs a few money in

bigger quantities. Such SIMs obviously does not have any network

keys on them, but the necessary GSM file structure is already in

place. The application developers can set these keys later to

enable access to network. A normal SIM is configured already

during manufacturing.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Shankar, Venkatesh, Hofacker, and Naik

Title of material: A WEB AND MOBILE BASED LOAD RETAILER

MANAGEMENT AND INVENTORY SYSTEM

Date published: 2010

Place Published: N/A

URL: http://uc.edu.ph/journals/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/JR-IT-

Paper-3-weload.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

Mobile marketing, which involves communication and

promotion of an offer between a firm and its customers using the

mobile, a term that refers to the mobile medium, device,

channel, or technology, is growing in importance in the

retailing environment. It has the potential to change the

paradigm of retailing from one based on consumers entering the

retailing environment to retailers entering the consumer’s

environment through anytime, anywhere mobile devices. (Shankar,

Venkatesh, Hofacker, & Naik, 2010).

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Kuan-Yu Lin and His-Peng Lu

Title of material: STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

SITES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

Date published: 2011

Place Published: N/A

URL:https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/72639/7/c

hapter%202.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

Kuan-Yu Lin and His-Peng Lu (2011) applied network

externalities and motivation theory to understand the usage of

Social Networking Sites among college students. After conducting

an empirical research involving 402 samples, using Structural

Equation Modelling (SEM) Approach, Lin and Lu (2011) found that

“Enjoyment” was the most influential factor for the increasing

usage of Social Networking Sites among the college students.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Venus Zoleta

Title of Material: LOADING BUSINESS GUIDE: HOW TO BECOME A

CELLPHONE LOAD RETAILER IN THE PHILIPPINES

Date Published: June 2019

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: www.moneymax.ph

Pages: N/A
 Related Literature/Related Studies

An e-loading business may not be very profitable, but it’s

still a good opportunity to earn extra income on the side. With

almost 130 million mobile prepaid subscribers in 2018, the

Philippines has a huge market for e-loading services—and it will

keep on growing. Customers will keep coming to loading stations to

buy prepaid load for calling, texting, or surfing the internet.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: N/A

Title of Material: E-LOADING BUSINESS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Date Published: February 2012

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: Pinoy bisnes.com

Pages: N/A

Related Literature/Related Studies

A e-LoadPh is a one-stop reloading station that can sell

popular prepaid card products (e-load & Aload, prepaid call

cards, prepaid internet cards, online gaming cards, etc.)

without having any sort of physical cards in your possession.

Retailers can sell prepaid airtime credits via mobile phone or

PCs with internet connection. Dealers can register retailer as

many retailers as he can maintain.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: N/A

Title of Material: HOW TO START YOUR OWN E-LOADING BUSINESS IN

THE PHILIPPINES

Date Published: 2017

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: www.pesocademy.com

Pages: N/A

Related Literature/Related Studies

Loading Business is a very lucrative business to have in the

Philippines and perfectly complements other businesses . You also

have the option of not only selling regular load for popular

networks such as Globe or Smart but you can also offer load or

gaming credits for popular games. This makes your target market

bigger and gives you more chances of fast investment return and

higher profit just by starting an e-loading business. One of the

advantages of an e-loading business in the Philippines is it only

requires low investment and you do not need a huge space to start

your operation.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Wikipedia

Title of Material: ELECTRONIC RELOADING

Date Published: November 2018

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_reloading

Pages: N/A

Related Literature/Related Studies

The technology of electronic reloading was first introduced

in the Philippines by Smart Communications branding the service as

SmartLoad and considered to be the world's first electronic

reloading service. The service offered micro top-ups meaning

prepaid subscribers can top-up prepaid credits with small

denominations. This kind of reloading service triggers the

popularity of using cellular phones in the Philippines. Followed

by the rival company, Globe Telecom, who introduced a better

version of the said top up method service through their proprietary

called AutoloadMax or simply AMax. Retailers and prepaid phone

subscribers both benefit from electronic reloading service.

Electronic reloading does not require transfer of any actual

physical prepaid cards. There is no need to incur costs on

transportation, warehousing, or other incidental expenses that

would cut into the retailer's profits because all transactions are

done electronically.

Reference: Internet

Author/ Writer: Camille Elemia

Title of Material: SENATE BILL SEEKS TO BAN EXPIRATION OF

PREPAID, E-LOAD

Date Published: August 20,2016

Place Published: Philippines

Publisher: www.rappler.com

URL: https://www.rappler.com/nation/143521-senate-bill-ban-

expiration-prepaid-load

Related Literature/Related Studies

Senate Minority Leader Ralph Recto filed Senate Bill 848 or

the “Prepaid Load Protection Act of 2016,” which aims to ensure

that every peso spent for prepaid load is “saved and usable” until

fully consumed. The measure seeks to protect consumers against

“deceptive, unfair, and unconscionable sales act and practices,”

Recto said. Aside from prohibiting the imposition of expiration

period, the bill also bans the forfeiture of load credits stored

on an active prepaid phone account both via prepaid cards or

electronic load (e-load).The measure also mandates companies to

refund any subscriber who lost load credits without a valid cause

.Under the proposed bill, violators will face penalty of at least

P100,000 to P1 million or imprisonment for 2 to 6 years, depending

on the court’s decision. If the violation is done to benefit a

business person, the company’s license may be revoked. Recto and

former Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago filed similar versions of

the bill in 2014 and 2009, respectively. In both cases, the bill

only reached first reading.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Jayme Joseph P. , Zoilo Lialen , Gutierrez

Emerald Joyce C. , Geraldino Jemarie C. , Bongo John Anthony F.

, Durano Dennis

Title Of Material: THE MOST TRUSTED AND MOST USED FREE LOAD

SERVICE PROVIDER IN THE PHILIPPINE

Date Published: 2016

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: N/A

URL:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://

uc.edu.ph/journals/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/JR-IT-Paper-3-

weload.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

Load.com.ph, the trusted and most widely used free prepaid

load service provider in the Philippines accessible through mobile

phones and the Internet lets one earn good money in the e-load and

e-pin loading business. One does not need to apply as a reseller

nor do that over a dozen times to different companies. The only

thing you need is one Load.com.ph account that is completely free

to sign up, and completely free to use, top up the capital, enjoy

added bonus credits and discounts for products for more sales

earnings, and start selling over 50 different prepaid and e-pin

products! Creating an account takes only a minute, and one can

even start selling Load.com.phs products within the day he/she

created his account.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Jayme Joseph P. , Zoilo Lialen , Gutierrez

Emerald Joyce C. , Geraldino Jemarie C. , Bongo John Anthony F.

, Durano Dennis
Title Of Material: THE LEADING TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY IN THE

PHILIPPINES

Date Published: 201

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: N/A

URL:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://

uc.edu.ph/journals/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/JR-IT-Paper-3-

weload.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

Globe Telecom is one of the leading telecommunications

companies in the Philippines. The vision of Globe Telecom

Philippines is to transform and enrich the lives of their customers

by simplifying communication technology.The popular mobile service

provider is committed to putting its customers first and upholding

its high standards of corporate governance. In line with this,

subscribers have the ability to recharge Globe Telecom Philippines

mobiles online by purchasing prepaid top-ups Being able to recharge

Globe Telecom Philippines mobiles from abroad, is a service that

offers a fast simple and reliable means of topping up when regular

top-up is not an option Globe Telecom Philippines was recognized

in Finance Asias eleventh Annual Poll of Asia’s Top Companies for

its outstanding business practices and named as one of the best

managed companies in the Philippines by the leading financial

publication. The company has also been praised for embracing

services which are of value to its customers such as, enabling

them to recharge Globe Telecom Philippines phones instantly

online.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Jayme Joseph P. , Zoilo Lialen , Gutierrez

Emerald Joyce C. , Geraldino Jemarie C. , Bongo John Anthony F.

, Durano Dennis

Title Of Material: THE POPULATION OF PEOPLE WHO USES CELLPHONES

Date Published: 2016

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: N/A

URL:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://

uc.edu.ph/journals/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/JR-IT-Paper-3-

weload.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

According to Blana and Batino(2004), in the article written

by Nagasaka(2007), there are an estimated twenty-eight million

plus subscribers in the Philippines, whose population is

approximately eighty-four million. However, given that the

Philippines is a developing country with a GNP per capital of

US$ 1,020 and 40.6 percent of the population is under the

poverty line in 1997, the rate is astonishing. Although the

mobile phones companies initially targeted the upper and middle

classes, presently one can easily observe the people sending

short messaging service (SMS) text messages everywhere in the

Philippines. Not only businessmen but teachers, taxi, jeepney

drivers, and vendors in the public markets also use their mobile

phones regularly. In this sense, the remark that mobile phones

have become a major icon of the Philippine Life is convincing

(Pertierra, 2002). Even in poorer rural areas, it is not usual

to observe people using mobile phones. Although mobile phones

were initially perceived in local communities, by the end of

2003, they are become common among ordinary villagers.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Jayme Joseph P. , Zoilo Lialen , Gutierrez

Emerald Joyce C. , Geraldino Jemarie C. , Bongo John Anthony F.

, Durano Denni

Title Of Material: MOBILE MARKETING

Date Published: 201

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: N/A

URL:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://

uc.edu.ph/journals/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/JR-IT-Paper-3-

weload.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

Mobile marketing, which involves communication and promotion

of an offer between a firm and its customers using the mobile, a

term that refers to the mobile medium, device, channel, or

technology, is growing in importance in the retailing environment.

It has the potential to change the paradigm of retailing from one

based on consumers entering the retailing environment to retailers

entering the consumer’s environment through anytime, anywhere

mobile devices. (Shankar, Venkatesh, Hofacker, & Naik, 2010).

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Christine Cruz, Doug Collins, Eng, Dougie, etc.

Title of Material: Start Your Own Mobile Phone Loading Business

Date Published: N/A

Place Published: N/A

Publisher:https://visihow.com/Start_Your_Own_Mobile_Phone_Loadin

g_Business

Pages: N/A

Related Literature/Related Studies

In this article, we are going to talk about mobile phone

loading. There are countries where Telephone Companies allow

dealers and retailers to offer credits. You don't necessarily

have to own credit cards or have a job to acquire registered

phone numbers. Thus, in some places, mobile phone loading is

guaranteed to earn you money. Most people these days own a

cellphone, even the kids have them. This means having a

cellphone requires that you load it with credits. That also

means money. You convert your cash to load, and you can use that

load to send text messages and call. This equates to you earning

lots of money.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Danilo N. Napalinga

Title of Material: A STUDY ON RETAILING MOBILE PHONE CREDITS BY

ELECTRONIC LOADING AND ITS TAX IMPLICATIONS

Date Published: October 2006

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: www.scribd.com

Pages:N/A

Related Literature/Related Studies

To become an e-load retailer, one only needs a mobile phone

unit, a retailer SIM card, and an accomplished application form

which requires the disclosure of basic information such as name

and address of the applicant. This oversimplification of

requirements and the reported high revenues from eload retailing

has created a new class of entrepreneurs that include sari-sari

stores, housewives, students, and other roving agents.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: N/A

Title of Material: WeLoad: A Web and Mobile Based Retailers

Management and Inventory System

Date Published: May 2016

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: Web results 22. weload: a web and mobile-based load

retailers management and ...PDFuc.edu.ph › uploads › 2016/05 ›

J...
Pages: N/A

Related Literature/Related Studies

WeLoad, is a web and mobile based load retailer management

and inventory system. It is a type of an electronic reloading

system where the e load client can purchase an e-load of the

different networks through online. The proposed system offers

convenient way of loading their mobile number without spending for

transportation costs, since in traditional reloading, when the e-

load client running out of load; they will go back to the e-load

retailer/distributors in order to purchase eload.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Nagasaku Itaru

Title of Material: In The social construction and usage of

communication technologies: Asian and European experiences

Date Published: 2007

Place Published: Quezon City

Publisher: The University of the Philippines Press.

Pages: N/A
 Related Literature/Related Studies

According to Blana and Batino (2004), in the article written

by Nagasaka (2007), there are an estimated twenty-eight million

plus subscribers in the Philippines, whose population is

approximately eighty-four million. However, given that the

Philippines is a developing country with a GNP per capital of US$

1,020 and 40.6 percent of the population is under the poverty line

in 1997, the rate is astonishing. Although the mobile phones

companies initially targeted the upper and middle classes,

presently one can easily observe the people sending short messaging

service (SMS) text messages everywhere in the Philippines. Not

only businessmen but teachers, taxi, jeepney drivers, and vendors

in the public markets also use their mobile phones regularly.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Jinimol P.

Title of Material: A Study on E-Wallet

Date Published: May-June 2018

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research

and Development - IJTSRD

Pages: N/A

Related Literature/Related Studies

According to Venkatesh et. al explored the variables

affecting consumer integration of new information technology

innovations. They collectively formed a model called the unified

theory of acceptance of technology and suggested that individual

reactions to using information technology directly affect

intention to use information technology that in turn influences

the actual use of information technology.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Jon Agar

Title of Material: Constant touch: A Global History of the Mobile

Phone.

Date Published: 2003

Place Published: Cambridge, UK

Publisher: Icon Books

Pages: N/A
 Related Literature/Related Studies

Agar’s book discusses the inception of mobile phones and the

social consequences of mobile phone use worldwide. Documents how

political relations affect mobile phone use and culture in

different countries. Includes discussions about mobile cultures in

the United States, Nordic countries, European countries, and Asian

countries. Provides several possible directions for future

research

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Geoff Williams

Title of Material: What Is a Digital Wallet?

Date Published: May 21,2019

Place Published: USA

Publisher: money.usnews.com

Link: https://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/saving-and-

budgeting/articles/what-is-a-digital-wallet
 Related Literature/Related Studies

If you want to simplify how you make payments – and you don't

want to carry cash and credit cards – you may want to consider

using a digital wallet, also known as an electronic wallet or e-

wallet. A digital wallet is a payment system that protects users'

banking information and passwords, and allows consumers to make

safe transactions without using cash. While a thief could grab

your wallet and get access to your credit cards in seconds, digital

wallets feature encrypted credit card and banking information to

safeguard them from hackers. What's more, if somebody steals your

phone, a passcode or biometric authentication would still be needed

to get access to the information in a digital wallet.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Koh Su Yen, Tang Wei Jet, Vincent Lye Ming Han,

Bryan Wong Weng Kit

Title of Material: E-wallet: A comprehensive overview

Date Published: March 17,2019

Place Published: Malaysia

Publisher: Fly: Malaysia

Link: https://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/saving-and-

budgeting/articles/what-is-a-digital-wallet

Related Literature/Related Studies

With an e-wallet, all you need is just an internet

connection and a few clicks here and there on your smartphone to

achieve the same goal mentioned above. Users add and reload

money in their e-wallets through online transfer from their bank

accounts and voila you have “cash” in your e-wallet!! You will

then proceed to pay by scanning the Customer QR codes without

the hassle of searching the right change and amount to pay for

both the customer and the cashier.

Transactions can happen anytime and anywhere, ranging from the

indoors such as shopping malls, cafes and outdoors in places

such as at a marathon. Anywhere with an active internet

connection and the vendor has a QR code prepared.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Enkatesh Shankar, Manjit S. Yadav

Title of Material: Innovations in Retail Business Models

Date Published: July 2011

Place Published: New York City

Publisher: Elsevier Inc.

Link:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022

435911000340

Related Literature/Related Studies

A retail business model articulates how a retailer creates value

for its customers and appropriates value from the markets.

Innovations in business models are increasingly critical for

building sustainable advantage in a marketplace defined by

unrelenting change, escalating customer expectations, and

intense competition. Drawing from extant strategy and retailing

research, we propose that innovations in retail business models

are best viewed as changes in three design components: (1) the

way in which the activities are organized, (2) the type of

activities that are executed, and (3) the level of participation

of the actors engaged in performing those activities. We propose

six major ways in which retailers could innovate their business

models to enhance value creation and appropriation beyond the

levels afforded by traditional approaches to retailing. We also

describe the drivers of business model innovations, the

potential consequences of such innovations, and numerous

examples from retail practice that highlight our concepts and

arguments. In doing so, we provide a starting point for academic

research in a domain that is deficient in theoretical and

empirical research, and offer retailing managers a framework to

guide retail business model innovations for sustainable

competitive advantage.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Stephen R Hoffman, Suzanne C Cutino

Title of Material: Smart card load and purchase transactions

using wireless telecommunications network

Date Published:2000

Place Published: US

Publisher: Google Patents

Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8019684B2/en

Related Literature/Related Studies

A smart card transaction allows a consumer to load value onto

a smart card and to make purchases using a smart card with a mobile

telephone handset over the telecommunications network. For

loading, the system includes: a mobile telephone handset including

a card reader; a gateway computer; a funds issuer computer; and an

authentication computer. The mobile telephone handset receives a

request from a user to load a value onto the smart card. The
handset generates a funds request message which includes the value

and sends the funds request message to a funds issuer computer.

The funds issuer computer debits an account associated with the

user. Next, the handset generates a load request message with a

cryptographic signature and sends the load request message to an

authentication computer which authenticates the smart card. The

handset receives a response message which includes a cryptographic

signature and an approval to load. Finally, the handset validates

the second cryptographic signature and loads the value onto the

smart card. For payment, the system includes a merchant server and

a payment server. First, the handset sends an order request message

to the merchant server computer, and in return receives a purchase

instruction message. The handset processes the purchase

instruction message locally, and then sends a draw request message

to a payment server computer. The payment server computer sends a

debit message which includes a cryptographic signature and an

approval to debit the smart card. Finally, the handset validates

the cryptographic signature and debits the smart card.

Reference: Internet

Author/ Writer: Ballesteros, Wencelle

Title of Material: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF CUSTOMER

SATISFACTION OF GLOBE TELECOM, SMART COMMUNICATIONS, AND SUN

CELLULAR SUBSCRIBERS IN METRO MANILA.

Date Published: May 2016

Place Published: Metro Manila

Publisher: N/A

Pages: 1-86

Related Literature/Related Studies

This study is an initial attempt to investigate the

relationship between customer satisfaction and factors that are

likely to affect the perceived quality of the network's service,

namely: (i) price, (ii) quality, (iii) stability and (iv) overall

satisfaction. The researchers conducted a survey to a total of 300

Globe Telecom, Smart Communication, and Sun Cellular postpaid and

prepaid customers. The researchers surveyed 50 respondents for

postpaid and another 50 respondents for prepaid users of each

company. The Findings states that there are significant

differences on the level of satisfaction between Globe, Smart, and

Sun prepaid and postpaid subscribers.

Reference: Internet
Author/ Writer: Magdalena G. Alvarez, Jonabell G. Saldivar

Title of Material: CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON THE SERVICES OF

TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES

Date Published: March 6, 2015

Place Published: Santiago City, Philippines

Publisher: Journal of Technology, Business Education &

Interdisciplinary Studies

Pages: N/A

URL:file:///C:/Users/Rhea/Desktop/Will%20use/CUSTOMER_SATISFACTI

ON_ON_THE_SERVICES_OF.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

The Comparative Research design was used in this study to

determine the different strategies in terms of rendering a

service to their customers and the general state of customer

satisfaction on the services of telecommunication companies in

Santiago City. The respondents of this study were the mobile

subscribers of the 6 telecommunication providers in Santiago

city: Globe, Smart, Sun Cellular, Talk-and-Text and Touch

Mobile. Fifty (50) respondents were chosen at random during the

site visit to each of the 5 companies. Research findings

revealed that the respondents are generally satisfied on the

services of the telecommunication companies operating in

Santiago City. In particular, the respondents were satisfied on

the network coverage, promotional activities, internet services,

text and call services, and customer service. On the other hand,

a no significant difference was concluded on the services of the

telecommunication companies in the city.

Reference: Internet

Author/ Writer: Antonieta P. Tungcab & Jean Paolo G. Lacap

Title of Material: STRATEGIC BUSINESS MODEL FOR

TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Date Published: September 2014

Place Published: Angeles City, Philippines

Publisher: European Academic Research

Pages: 5

URL: https://s.docworkspace.com/d/ANmIdeu6_5EuwvvwsbmmFA

Related Literature/Related Studies

The study was conducted to perform an environmental scanning

analysis for the telecommunications industry in the Philippines.

The research concludes that the telecommunication industry in the

Philippines is generally competitive as evident in the result of

the Porter’s Five Forces Model. The internal and external factors

affecting the said industry showed that there are several important

issues that the each industry player must address. To achieve

sustainability, each telecommunication company should consider the

different strategies presented in the TOWS matrix as they address

the various telecommunication companies weaknesses and threats.

In order for the telecommunications industry to achieve

sustainable competitive advantage, a strategic business model was

formulated. In the framework, the following were considered 1)

telecommunications infrastructure, 2)the telecommunication

companies, and 3) value-added services. The identified factors

are important considerations in formulating corporate-level,

business-level, and functional-level strategies.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Peluchefte and Karl

Title of material: STUDIES ON THE USAGE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

SITES AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Date published: 2008

Place Published: N/A

URL:https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/72639/7/c

hapter%202.pdf
 Related Literature/Related Studies

Peluchefte and Karl (2008) explore the survey of Midwestern

University undergraduate students regarding use of social

networking sites and their perceptions regarding the

appropriateness of information they post, as well as how such

information is accessed and used by other parties. The study

(2008) found that 80% respondents have used at least one site in

which majority of respondents use Facebook. They describe that

respondents were generally in strong agreement that they were

comfortable with their friends, classmates, and family access to

their profiles but were neutral regarding access by employers

and strangers.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Coyle and Vaughn

Title of material: STUDIES ON THE USAGE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

SITES AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Date published: 2008

Place Published: N/A

URL:https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/72639/7/c

hapter%202.pdf
 Related Literature/Related Studies

Coyle and Vaughn (2008) in their study examined the literature

on Social Networking Sites and conducted a survey on how college

students are engaged in social networking. They found that the

main purpose of using Social Networking Sites is to keep in

touch with friends. They also indicate that these are used for

merely trivial communication with friends. These sites are

simply new form of communication that is evolving over time with

the aid of technology.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Bicen and Cavus

Title of material: STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

SITES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

Date publish: 2010

Place Published: N/A

URL:https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/72639/7/c

hapter%202.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

Bicen and Cavus (2010) evaluated the usage of Social

Networking Sites among students in the department of computer

education instructional technology and found which social

networking sites are the most preferred by students. The study

revealed that use and sharing of knowledge on Internet is made

an integral part of college students’ lives. Results show that

Live Spaces and Facebook are the commonly used sites by the

students.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Lack, Beck and Hoover

Title of material: STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

SITES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

Date published: 2009

Place Published: N/A

URL:https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/72639/7/c

hapter%202.pdf

Related Literature/Related Studies

Lack, Beck and Hoover (2009) investigated the usage of

Social Networking Sites by undergraduate psychology major. They

found that majority of students using Facebook and their account

information have publicly accessibility and some user profiles

have content of a questionable nature on their publicly viewable

accounts. They suggest that formal education must be presided to

students regarding the usage of these sites.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Danilo N. Napalinga

Title of Material: A STUDY ON RETAILING MOBILE PHONE CREDITS BY

ELECTRONIC-LOADING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

Date Published: October 2006

Place Published: N/A

Publisher: www.scribd.com

Pages:

Related Literature/Related Studies

This study examines the retailing of mobile phone credits through

electronic reloading, or e-loading and its tax implications. In

general, the study can serve as a benchmark of the tax collection

situation in the Philippine telecommunications industry and can

pave a road map for the Bureau of Internal Revenue on how to tax

other business transactions that use emerging technology

applications.
Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Rechiely Saban

Title of Material: THE VIABILITY OF SMART PREPAID ELOAD IN TORIL

PUBLIC MARKET, DAVAO CITY

Date Published: March 2013

Place Published: Davao City

Publisher: www.prezi.com

Pages:10

Related Literature/Related Studies

According to the Global Pinoy Remittance & Services,Inc.

(GPRS) entitled e-load (Pasaload) Retailing- A Low Entry Barrier

Business-. The reported high revenue from e- load retailing has

created a new class of entrepreneurs that include sari-sari stores,

housewives, students, and other roving agents.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Meng Hui

Title of material: THE RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT TREND OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

Date published: September 2012

Place Published: China

URL:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221266781

200247X

Related Literature/Related Studies

This paper analyzes the telecommunications industry has the

characteristics of natural monopoly, economies of scale and the

difficulty of monitoring, then the combination of economic and

technology trends analysis showed that the telecom industry's

future development will be the body the following aspects:

technical progress speed to promote the transfer of value,

industrial integration to promote business competition, and user

involvement to drive the experience economy and depth involved in

the process of national information. The rapid development of the

telecommunications industry and market competition to the

telecommunications and enterprise development has brought great

challenges, only to grasp the future development trend of

enterprises in order to eventually become a market winner. Through

the innovation of products and services to meet the diverse needs

of customers change, develop the right competitive strategy is a

major task of telecommunication

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Jinimol. P

Title of Material: A Study on E-WALLET

Date Published: May,2018

Place Published: Department of Commerce, Sree Narayana College,

Alathur, Palakkad, Kerala, India

Publisher: International Journal of trend in Scientific Research

and development

Link: https://www.academia.edu/36976040/A_Study_on_E-Wallet

Related Literature/Related Studies0

E-wallet is a component of payment system. The word “payment

system” is defined as a system that enables payment to be effected

between a payer and a beneficiary, involving clearing, payment, or

settlement services or all of them. A “payment system” as

understood in India, can include the system enabling credit card

operation, debit card operation, smart card operation, money

transfer operations or such similar operation.

In India, e-wallet comes under the legally recognized term –

“Prepaid Payment Instrument”. Prepaid payment instruments are

defined in the RBI guidelines issued under the payment and

settlement system act 2005. As payment instrument that facilitate

purchase of goods and services, including fund transfer, against

the value stored on such instrument. The value stored on such

instrument represents the value paid for by holders, by cash, by

debit or a bank account or by credit card.

Reference: Internet

Author/Writer: Dr. Jasmin Padiya, Prof. Ashok Bantwa

Title of Material: Adoption of E-wallets: A Post Demonetisation

Study in Ahmedabad City

Date Published: April 10,2018

Place Published: Ahmedabad City. India

Publisher: Pacific Business Review International

Link: https: http://www.pbr.co.in/2018/april10.aspx

Related Literature/Related Studies

Think of a wallet in your pocket. You keep money in it and

whenever you need to buy something or pay for a service you

received form someone else, you pull out wallet, take out money

and make payment. When you run out of money in your wallet, you

refill your wallet. E-wallet is your physical wallet completely

turned in electronic form. There will be a wallet where you will

be able to keep cash and you can pay for goods and services. That
is precisely what an E-wallet is. So E-wallet is your wallet that

has lost the physical form and taken electronic form.

In present world, smartphone has become essential part of daily

life. Along with smartphone production, a number of services have

been generated to utilize the possible functions of smartphones.

Smartphones are used as communication devices, as socialized tool,

entertainment tool, internet access tool, and even payment tool.

Due to technology, mobile users can nowadays use their smartphones

to make money transaction or payment by using applications

installed in the phone. Besides payment, people can also store

receipts, coupons, business cards, bills in their smartphones.

When smartphones can function as leather wallets, it is called

“Digital Wallet” or widely known as “Mobile Wallet”. (Rathore,

2016). Electronic-Wallet allows users to make electronic commerce

transactions quickly and securely. (Upadhayaya, 2012).