Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Online learning is education that takes place over the Internet. It is

often referred to as “e-learning” among other terms. However, online learning

is just one type of “distance learning” - the umbrella term for any learning that

takes place across distance and not in a traditional classroom.

Online learning allows us to bring educational opportunities to

students. This type of learning is especially beneficial to students who live far

away from campus, have busy work schedules, family demands, and other

commitments. Online courses are also an excellent option for students who

prefer to work independently at any time of day.

Online education has become a popular channel for many students to

pursue their degree. The fact shows that most online students are

successfully complete their degree program but 40% of them failed. Most of

online students are pursuing their degree online because they are seeing

many advantages of online education that can benefits them but the 40% that

failed do not aware of the disadvantages of online education that cause their

failure. In order to avoid becoming one statistic of failure in online education,

one must first understand the pros and cons of taking a degree online before

making a decision to earn a degree through an online channel.

In today's busy lifestyle, most people have no time to go back to school

even they have intention to get more degrees for career advancement, job
promotion or simply to learning something new. This is where one of the

advantages of online education will benefit these people. Online education is

able to provide a student with a flexible learning environment from any

location as long as there are offered with internet connection.

With a proper time management, A student can easily plan his online

learning sessions to fit into the busy schedule and follow a person’s own pace

of study to complete a degree program. Another key advantage of online

education is a student can attend the online classes from his comfort home or

any location that one will find convenient to himself. This also means that a

student can enroll into any online degree program offered by any universities

around the world as long as they make their degree program online. With that

in mind, the student does not need to worry about unable to find a degree that

can't meet his career or lifestyle requirement.

In general, one can complete a degree online in shorter period of time

if compare to the same courses offer in campus-based programs. Unless the

student purposely delay his courses due to failure of time management. In

terms of tuition fee, although it's not always true, but in general, online degree

programs cost less than campus-based degree programs as most of learning

materials are in downloadable format and the credit hours required to

complete an online degree program is comparatively less. Hence, the student

could save some money by taking an degree online.

The advantages of online education can become the disadvantages if

you are not the right candidate for online education. The flexibility of planning
one’s own schedule in online education could be the disadvantages for the

student if he is the type of person that can't manage time properly between

your work, family and study. If one is this kind of person, a pre-planned

schedule may fit him well, studying at the students own pace with his own

schedule that may cause him to fail, to complete your degree program.

As most of online learning materials are in text format, if one is not

comfortable with this format and prefer to listen to the lecture instead of

reading it. Then, it will become the disadvantage for the student and needs to

reconsider the decision before 11`12WW32choosing online education to be

your degree pursuing channel.

Are you able to communicate well through chats and discussion

forum? You must understand that these media are the key communication

channels in online learning environment and you must be able to adapt to it

else it will become a disadvantage for you.

Background of the Study

The advent of advancing technology has propelled life on the fast lane:

trade, social systems, even the arts. The Internet, along with the World Wide

Web and hi-tech media paraphernalia also made us to be part of the globally

competitive world, and nothing could be more apparent in meeting this

pressure than in education. With such a huge change, education should be

equipped to deal with and evolve as well for the sake of the learner, or he will

suffer because he could not cope with life’s challenges because he is not

prepared properly when he was studying. And one way education can meet
the growing need to be globally competitive is through the use of online

learning. Online learning can be touted as an alternative delivery of

education. It is a type of teaching practice that upholds the concept of

“anytime, anywhere” kind of learning (Salgarino, 2010). With this, online

learning is easily accessible to the student and the teacher where they can

exchange notes, ideas and research related to the course with each other.

The Web then is the major medium to delivery instruction and

learning(Teehankee, 2009).For now, online learning courses are mostly being

offered in under graduate and graduate levels (Madarang, 2009), but the

Philippine government strives to create a curriculum that would integrate

online learning in the elementary and secondary levels as well (DepEd memo,

21 June 2010). This is because that the students are mostly those who

cannot be able to go to a traditional school course, those who are working

,married or even ill (Madarang, 2009). Through this, a student can be able to

pursue his education without pausing on his daily activities. One of the factors

in enrolling in such online courses is not only the ease of the concept of

studying via the Internet, but also the credibility of the institution offering such

courses (Arcaina, 2011). Because of this, it is mostly established universities

and colleges that have the infrastructure and foundation of quality education,

not to mention the financial resources, that would offer them. One major

reason why people like working professionals would enroll in online learning

is the convenience and easy access in terms of study, making it a timesaving

venture for the student .Not only is it timesaving, but money saving too, as it
reduces the amount of travel to and fro , and instances where someone would

have to buy food from outside establishments. Also, in terms of tuition, it is a

less expensive investment than you would if you enroll in a traditional

educational institution (Madarang, 2009).It is not only an advantage logistics-

wise, but it is a benefit for the student in terms of learning as well. It is claimed

that students get a more efficient learning, as there is more collaboration

between classmates in discussing the subjects and the course is more

learner-centered (Salgarino,2010). This can happen more so if the course

and its materials are truly relevant to them especially in the professional level

.Online learning courses will work if there is definite quality in its contents and

support services, and are able to adapt to the demands of ever-changing

society. It is even said that those students who are likely to drop out of

courses that are traditional would learn better and faster when going through

an online course. It is also claimed that students undergoing online learning

are more motivated to learn, and they develop more independence, discipline

and responsibility (Madarang, 2009).But of course, this cannot be possible if

the foundations of employing online learning are not established. Enrolling in

an online learning course may be cheaper than the traditional way of

schooling, but to set up the infrastructure to support the technology and

creating the simulation classroom takes a considerable amount of money.

This is true especially for the rural areas, where problems of even the basic

needs are still not being met, and that even basic education is of poor quality,

what more for the building up of the necessary infrastructure (Trinidad, 2010).
Even if the infrastructure has already been setup, technical problems can still

arise (Arcaina, 2011) especially when accessing the actual website or

connecting into the Internet in the first place. Online learning cannot be

utilized maximally as well if the students themselves are not ready for it.

Theoretical Framework

This is study will anchored on the Online Collaborative Learning (OCL)

of Linda Harasim that focuses on the facilities of the Internet to provide

learning environments that foster collaboration and knowledge building. Linda

Harasim describe that OCL is “a new theory of learning that focuses on

collaborative learning, knowledge building, and Internet use as a means to

reshape formal, non-formal, and informal education for the Knowledge Age”

(Harasim,2012,p. 81). Harasim also sees the benefits of moving teaching and

learning to the Internet and largescale networked education. There are three

phases exist in knowledge construction through discourse the first is Idea

Creating, Idea Organizing and last is intellectual convergence.

Idea creating is the brainstorming phase, where divergent thoughts

gathered it can be done by two or more people. Despite extreme levels of

Internet adoption in the real world, teachers are reluctant to embrace new

practices using it in the educational world ( Harasim, 2012) that’s why Idea

creating is a big role for OCL. In this phase students and the teacher need to

share their thought and ideas to help the OCL be affective. The Idea

Organizing is the phase where ideas are compared, analyzed, and

be organize to become useful to students and teachers. At last the last phase

ideas where where intellectual synthesis and consensus occurs, including

agreeing to disagree, usually through an assignment, essay, or other joint

piece of work (Harasim, 2012, p. 82).

Conceptual Framework

This study discussed on the demographic characteristics of the

respondents in terms of age, sex, estimated monthly family income,

educational attainment which are the independent variables of this study that

may influence the student perspective to online education. Study hours,

perception towards teacher, extent of television viewing, text messaging, extent

use of online social networks and computer games, and reading frequency are

factors expected to also affect student perspective to online education. Study

hours was one of the factors presented as independent variable that was

expected to associate with student perspective to online education. Since

studying is one of the predictor in the academic performance of a child, they

are expected to spend much time in studying to increase their time to be more

focus on OCL student perspective to online education. For an instance, a

student fears a teacher a lot, his fear could overcome his interest in even

starting to read. On the other hand, if the student feels comfortable with the

teacher that could be a drive for the student to do better in his reading and feel

free to learn and express himself/herself. The extent of television viewing is a

good source of student entertainment and if no proper discipline is implemented

increase her knowledge through OCL. Text messaging is one of the factors that

could be correlated with student perspective to online education. In the modern

days, people tend to use shortcuts for words in order for them to relay message

quickly. This habit of using shortcuts can influence student perspective to online

education

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Personal Background
 Age
 Sex
 Income of parents
 Educational attainment of Perspective towards Online
parents Education
Others Factors:
 Study hours
 Perception towards the
teachers
 Extent of television viewing
 Text messaging
 Extent of use of online
social networks and
computer games

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm of the Study

When it comes to Online education in modern days it tend to more

efficient and more modern it could make students today to be more focus on

studying. Going to school in great but in online education one can control time

freely. Age , sex income of parents , educational attainment of parents can

perspective of students this hobby will eat time and the preferences of the

students will be get in this simple hobby.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the Advantages and Disadvantages base

on the perspective of the students. More specifically, it sought answers to the

following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. age;

1.2. gender;

1.3. educational attainment; and

1.4. perception about e-learning?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of online education?

3. What are the benefits of the online education?

4. Is there a significant difference between the Online Education and Traditional

Education in the implementation of K to 12 program?

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses have been derived from the stated objectives:

1. There is no significant relationship between demographic factors such

as age, sex, income of parents, educational attainment of parents, and

the students perspective to OCL.

hours, perception towards the teacher, extent of television viewing, text

messaging, extent of use of online social networks and computer

games, reading frequency, and students perspective to OCL.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study covered the Grade 11 students in the school year of

2018-2019.The independent variables in this study were limited to the personal

profile of the pupils such as age, sex, income of parents, and educational

attainment of parents, and other factors associated with the students

perspective to OCL of the respondents such as study hours, perception

towards the teacher, extent of television viewing, text messaging, extent of use

of online social network and computer games, and reading frequency.This

study used the descriptive correlative research method. The data that were

gathered were derived from the results of the one-shot survey questionnaire

constructed by the researchers.

Online learning involves courses offered by postsecondary institutions

that are 100% virtual, excluding massively open online courses (MOOCs). In

the domain of higher education there are two distinct methods in which a

learner can engage with an academic institution; the traditional method of

brick-and-mortar facilities and the virtual method through online learning. This

article will focus on the virtual platform of online learning. Today's online

learning is the newest development in distance education that began in the

asynchronous, but may also incorporate synchronous elements. The vast

majority of institutions utilize a Learning Management System for the

administration of online courses. As theories of distance education evolve,

digital technologies to support learning and pedagogy continue to transform

as well.

Significance of the Study

Students. The students will have more information about online

education also they will have more choices to attend for college.

Community. People that are want to spend more time to others things

and less time with studying will be benefited to this study. This study will provide

them better information and tips to try online education.

Government. We are citizens of the Philippines which means this

research will also benefit the government so they can make decision to support

online education.

Teachers. The result of the study may became a huge help for

teacher so that they can make adjustment in teaching and then try online

education for a new experience of teaching.

Definition of Terms
 Age. It is the length of existence of an individual from the day he/she

was born until his/her last birthday and is measured by years.

Sex. It is the classification of individuals according to their reproductive

organs; male or female.

Income of parents. It is the monetary benefit gained through labor by

an individual’s immediate father, mother or guardian.

Educational attainment of parents. It is the highest level of formal

education underwent and achieved by the individual’s immediate father, mother

or guardian.

Study hours. It is the length of time an individual spends in doing

information processing such as memorization, research, reading, and etc. in

order to achieve a goal– either long-term or short-term– in his/her scholastic

activities. It is measured by hours.

Perception towards the teacher. It is an individual’s subjective view

on the exhibited qualities of the teacher towards him/her. This means whether

or not the respondent experiences confidence in the skill of the teacher in

teaching the language or teaching using the language.

Television viewing. It is an activity an individual spends in watching

visual presentations and shows – either educational or entertainment–shown

on the television. It is measured in hours.

Text messaging. It is the individual l’s use of mobile phones using the

short message service (SMS). Its frequency was measured in the number of

times the respondent uses the service.

population of individuals to interact with each other with the use of chat rooms,

picture and video sharing, and etc.

Computer games. Also called online games, are websites that are

programmed to let an individual or a number of individuals compete using the

internet. Both services (online social networks and computer games) was

measured on the number of times or frequency the respondent makes of use

of them; also, on the length of time in hours the respondent spends using these.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

studying. Today's online learning is the newest development in distance

education that began in the mid-1990s with the spread of the internet.

Related studies

(2013) “Education is a continuous and never ending process in

response to the needs and demands of the times and conditions.” Dante B.

Guiner added that lecture method needed a teaching tools Education is a

continuous and never ending process in response to the needs and demands

of the times and conditions.

Sun, A., & Chen, X. (2016) Education can become transformative when

teachers and students synthesize information across subjects and

experiences, critically weigh significantly different perspectives, and

incorporate various inquiries. Online Education and Its Effective Practice

Laura Gabriela Yamauchi ( 2013) said in Effects of multimedia

instructional material on students’ learning and their perceptions of the

“Instructional systems and educational technology have been gaining great

attention by educators in order to enhance students’ learning.” Because of that

she created a developed multimedia learner material for student.

‘‘On average, students in online learning conditions performed modestly

better than those receiving face-to-face instruction’’- U.S. Department of

Education, 2010 with the best results coming from courses that blended the

two approaches—possibly because such courses often allow for extra

instructional time and resources, and not necessarily because blended learning
environments are inherently better. Most of the studies included in the meta-

analysis were from higher education; the researchers noted the "small number

of rigorous published studies contrasting online and face-to-face learning

conditions for K-12 students."

Related Literature

Connecting Teachers, Students, and Standards(2012) We need to

account for inclusion, which naturally brings a divergence of student learning

styles and challenges.

An Online Mentoring Model That Works cited recent findings indicate

that higher education enrollment is being outpaced by online enrollments while

overall enrollment in higher education has declined over the last three years

(Betts, 2017).

Data analyzed from the U.S. Department of Education confirm that

enrollment in online courses in higher education has more than tripled in the

years from 2002 to 2014: 2002, 1.6 million; 2014, 5.8 million (Poulin & Straut,

2016). According to U.S Online education article.

n their article on the effect of instructor participation in online discussion

boards, Margaret Mazzolini and Sarah Maddison (2003) asked if, “online

instructors [should] be encouraged to take a prominent ‘sage on the stage’ role,

a more constructivist ‘guide on the side’ role, or an ultra-low profile as ‘the ghost

in the wings’” when they are facilitating asynchronous discussion boards.

The Need for Balanced Feedback,the online class environment,

students enjoy many advantages, such as increased scheduling flexibility,

there are potential shortcomings as well, including the lack of student-instructor

interaction and a student not understanding the instructor’s expectations. A key

mechanism to convey expectations while increasing student-instructor

communication is relevant, timely, constructive, and balanced instructor

feedback.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 This chapter deals with the research design and methodology employed

in this study, the respondents, sampling procedure, the instruments used to

gather the needed data, validation of questionnaire, data gathering procedures,

scoring of variables and the statistical tools in the analysis of the data.

Research Design

This is a descriptive-correlational study employing the one-shot survey

method. David (2005) defined research design as a plan or course of action

which the research follows in order to answer the research question/s or solve

the research problem, an explanatory study or correlation research that goes

beyond description of the problem or situation and a type of research that

investigates relationships between factors or variables. Descriptive-

correlational study aims to examine the extent of relationship between the

factors or variables by determining how changes in one variable relate to

changes in other variables. We research the effect of one variable in to other

variable. In this study we have to types of variable the independent and the

dependent. This determined the relationship of the demographic factors such

as age, sex, income of parents, educational attainment of parents and other

factors such as number of study hours, perception towards the teacher, extent

of television viewing, text messaging, extent of use online social networks and

computer games to perspective of grade 11 students to online education.

Target Population and Sampling Techniques

The target population of this study is the grade 10 Students of Gov.

Felicsimo T. San Luis National high School. The sample size was drawn from
a target population of 402 students. Out of the total population, the sample size,

of 50 students, was determined through this formula:

Where: n = sample size N = total population 1 = constant e = probability error

(0.05) Proportion allocation formula or commonly known as stratified sampling

was employed to determine the number of students to be chosen from each

year level. The researcher used the lottery or fishbowl technique with

replacement to hold the probability constant. This was done by drawing a piece

of paper from a box with the numbers, corresponding to the alphabetical sorting

of Students’ names, to be written on pieces of paper. The number of each slip

picked out from the box was recorded then returned, thus the probability of

choosing one among the total number of respondents. Stratified sampling size

was derived from this formula (Paguso, 1987): Where: n = sample size of the

students in every section nT = population of each= appropriate sample size of

the population N = total population of respondents Table 1. Sample Size

derived from the Population of grade 11 students.

Research Procedure

The permission to conduct the study was secured by Mrs. Maglapuz,

Grade 11 Pratical Research 1 of LSPU-SCC. The selected student will answer

the questionnaire. 15 of the student is currently taking online education and 15

students are taking traditional education.

Research Treatment

Weighted Mean and standard deviation was used to determine the mean

of grade 11 students to their perspective to online education.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1154117.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319452611_Theories_and_Framew

orks_for_Online_Education_Seeking_an_Integrated_Model

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23F.pdf

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