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Indian Press: Dr. J. Janardhan

The document discusses the evolution of the Indian press beginning in the 16th century when the printing press was introduced to India. It notes that the first printed book was in 1557 and that the East India Company also established printing presses. The first newspaper announced in India was in 1776 by William Bolts, though the first Indian English newspaper was James Hicky's Bengal Gazette, published in 1780. Hicky is considered the "Father of Indian Journalism." However, the newspaper was suppressed in 1782 after Hicky criticized British colonial rule. Several other newspapers were established in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras in the late 18th century, though they faced censorship and restrictions from British authorities.

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352 views18 pages

Indian Press: Dr. J. Janardhan

The document discusses the evolution of the Indian press beginning in the 16th century when the printing press was introduced to India. It notes that the first printed book was in 1557 and that the East India Company also established printing presses. The first newspaper announced in India was in 1776 by William Bolts, though the first Indian English newspaper was James Hicky's Bengal Gazette, published in 1780. Hicky is considered the "Father of Indian Journalism." However, the newspaper was suppressed in 1782 after Hicky criticized British colonial rule. Several other newspapers were established in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras in the late 18th century, though they faced censorship and restrictions from British authorities.

Uploaded by

suruchi agrawal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN PRESS

Dr. J. Janardhan
EVOLUTION OF INDIAN PRESS
 Printing press was brought to India in the 16th century
 The first printed book in India was ‘Doctrina Christa’ in
1557 in Goa
 The English East India Company also set up printing
presses
 The birth of the first newspaper in the country was
towards the end of the 18th century
THE FIRST NEWSPAPER IN INDIA
 William Bolts, announced the first N.P. in India in 1776.
 He asked people to come to residence to read the news
 This newspaper had the two functions
informing the British community of news
Ventilating grievances against the colonial rule
HICKY’S GAZETTE
 James Augustus Hicky published the first Indian English
newspaper-Bengal Gazette on 29th Jan, 1780
 It also called as ‘Calcutta Advertiser’
 Popularly known as ‘Hickey’s Gazette’
HICKY’S GAZETTE
 His contribution makes him as ‘Father of Indian
Journalism’
 Its carried only advertisements in the front page
 He was the founder, editor, printer and promoter of this
weekly
 It was really concerned the Indians
HICKY’S GAZETTE

 It was a weekly political and commercial paper


 He describes that ‘it opens to all parties & influenced by
none’
 His objective was ‘British Administrative’ private affairs
 Year later, ‘Sir Warren Hastings’ denied all postal facilities
HICKY’S GAZETTE
 Hastings finally took action against Hicky for defamation
in 1781
 He was convicted and sentenced to a year’s imprisonment
and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000.
 In March 1782, the Bengal Gazette was suppressed
 This marked the premature and unceremonious end of
India’s first newspaper
HICKY’S GAZETTE
 Hicky considered the ‘liberty of the press’ to be essential
 In June, 1781, Hicky was arrested
 He was stopped from bringing out the ‘Hicky’s Gazette’
 In1780, Indian Gazette, appeared in Kolkata
 It was better in quality with 4 pages of 16 inches long
 It had three columns and it was well printed.
EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL…
 After 1790, ‘The Asiatic Mirror’ was started
 In 1795, The Indian World, The Calcutta Courier, The Indian
Apollo begun
The Bengal Harakaru was Started by Charles Maclean in 1795
In 1798, The Calcutta Morning Post & Oriental Star were
started
There was a war b/w British Administration and the press
 In 1799, Lord Wellesley introduced the Press Censorship in
Bengal
EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL…
 Under the British rule, Fourth Estate was seized
 William Duane, Irish-American editor was suffered
 He started ‘Bengal Journal’

EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL…

 Lord Cornwallis issued an order for arresting William


Duane
 Later, He couldn’t continued as Bengal Journal’s editor
 In 1795, he then started ‘Indian World’
JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM …
 Sir James Silk Buckingham assumed as editor of
‘Calcutta Journal’ in 1818
 It was an eight-page biweekly newspaper
 He was fearless in condemning the local custom of ‘sati’
 He gave prominence to news and views
 British authorities became intolerant on his criticism
 John Adam, Governor-General, deported Buckingham to
England
EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY…

 In 1789, ‘The Bombay Herald’ appeared as weekly


 The second N.P from Bombay ‘The Bombay Courier’ was
founded in 1790.
 Luke Ashburner, Alderman were the editors
 The Bombay Gazette was established in June 1791
EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY…
 The Courier- Changed to The Bombay Times on 3rd
November, 1838.
 It was fore runner of ‘Times of India’
EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY…

 The Govt. ordered to submit the copies to Pre-Censorship


 Later, Bombay Herald was announced as Govt. paper
 They deliberately avoided the conflict with Govt.
EARLY JOURNALISM IN MADRAS…

 Richard Johnston founder of the first newspaper in Madras


 The Madras Courier existed on 12th Oct, 1785
 It was officially recognised by authorities
 It was a weekly with four pages
EARLY JOURNALISM IN MADRAS…
 In 1795, Robert Williams started ‘Madras Gazette’ –Weekly
 In 1795, Indian Herald was started by Humphreys
 Censorship was introduced on 12th Dec, 1795
 The press in Madras began to feel early the heavy hand
THANK YOU

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