Common Noun - is the generic name for a person, place, or thing

in a class or group. Unlike proper nouns, a common noun is not

capitalized unless it either begins a sentence or appears in a title. ...
Usually, it will be quite obvious if a specific person, place, or thing is
being named.
Abstract nouns are words that name things that are not
concrete. Your five physical senses cannot detect
an abstract noun – you can't see it, smell it, taste it, hear
it, or touch it. In essence, an abstract noun is a quality, a
concept, an idea, or maybe even an event.

Examples:
Possessive form is used with nouns referring to people, groups of people,
countries, and animals. It shows a relationship of belonging between one
thing and another. To form the possessive, add apostrophe + s to
the noun. If the noun is plural, or already ends in s, just add an apostrophe
after the s.

Singular Possessive Nouns Plural Possessive Nouns

 Apple's taste  Americans' ideals
 Book's cover  Babies' shoes
 Boss's car  Cabbages' nutrition
 Cat's tuna  Donors' cards
 Computer's keyboard  Eggs' color
 Deer's antlers  Frogs' croaking
 Diane's book  Garages' fees
 Diabetes's symptoms  Hampers' conditions
 Fish's eggs  Igloos' construction
 Fez's size  Inventions' popularity
 Florida's climate  Juices' flavors
 Goddess's beauty  Kites' altitudes
 Gym's rules  Lemons' acidity
 House's roof  Members' votes
 Jam's ingredient  Nuts' saltiness
 Laundry's smell  Owls' eyes
 Lawyer's fee  Planets' orbits
 Marble's shape  Quizzes' difficulty
 Month's work  Recesses' measurements
 Moss's color  Students' grades
 Progress's reward  Suspects' fingerprints
 Senator's vote  Teachers' qualifications
 Sun's rays  The Smiths' house
 Today's newspaper  Unicorns' power
 Tray's usefulness  Violins' melody
 Tree's bark  Wagons' circle
 Victor's spoils  Yokes' material
 Watermelon's rind
Collective noun is used to refer to an entire group of persons,
animals or things; it therefore includes more than one member. ...
Here are some examples of common collective nouns: People:
board, choir, class, committee, family, group, jury, panel, staff.
Animals: flock, herd, pod, swarm.

Common Collective Nouns Used for People

Here are some examples of common collective nouns used for people:

 A band of musicians  A gang of thieves

 A board of directors  A pack of thieves
 A choir of singers  A panel of experts
 A class of students  A team of players
 A crowd of people  A troupe of dancers

Common Collective Nouns Used for Animals

Here are some examples of common collective nouns used for animals:

 An army of ants  A pack of hounds

 A flock of birds  A pack of wolves
 A flock of sheep  A school of fish
 A herd of deer  A swarm of locusts
 A hive of bees  A team of horses
 A litter of puppies  A pride of lions
 A murder of crows

Common Collective Nouns Used for Things

Here are some examples of common collective nouns used for things:

 A bouquet of flowers  A pack of cards

 A bunch of flowers  A pack of lies
 A fleet of ships  A pair of shoes
 A forest of trees  A range of mountains
 A galaxy of stars  A wad of notes
 Mass nouns are quantified by a word that signifies amount. A
few examples: Materials, food, metals, and natural qualities: bread, cotton,
wood, lightness, adolescence. Names of liquids, gases, and substances
made of many small particles: cappuccino, oil, smoke, oxygen, rice, sugar,
salt, cement, gravel.

 adhesive  gin  plastic

 beer  glue  poison
 brandy  ink  preservative
 cake  insecticide  ribbon
 cheese  iron  salad
 claret  jam  sauce
 cloth  jelly  sherry
 coal  juice  soap
 coffee  lager  soil
 cognac  liqueur  soup
 coke  lotion  steel
 cotton  meat  sugar
 curry  medicine  tea
 deodorant  metal  vodka
 detergent  milk  whisky
 disinfectant  oil  wine
 dye  ointment  wood
 fabric  ore  wool
 fertilizer  paint  yarn
 fuel  perfume  yoghurt
 fur  pesticide
 Count nouns are people, places, or things that we can count. In this
lesson, we'll look at the definition of count nouns as well as some
examples to help us begin to classify nouns as count or non-count.

 accident  bush  door  picture

 account  camp  dream  plan
 actor  captain  dress  plane
 address  car  driver  plant
 adult  card  ear  problem
 animal  case  edge  product
 answer  castle  effect  programme
 apartment  cat  egg  project
 article  chair  election  ring
 artist  chapter  line  river
 baby  chest  list  road
 bag  child  machine  room
 ball  cigarette  magazine  scheme
 bank  city  man  school
 battle  class  meal  ship
 beach  club  meeting  shirt
 bed  coat  member  spot
 bell  college  month  star
 bill  computer  motor  station
 bird  corner  mouth  stream
 boat  country  nation  street
 book  crowd  neck  student
 bottle  cup  newspaper  table
 box  daughter  office  task
 boy  day  page  teacher
 bridge  desk  park  tent
 brother  doctor  party  thought
 bus  dog  path  tour
A proper noun is a noun directly associated with an entity and primarily
used to refer to that entity, such as London, Jupiter, Sharon, or Microsoft,
as distinguished from a common noun, which is a noun directly associated
with a class of entities and primarily used to refer to instances of a specific
class.
Plural noun is a word that indicates that there is more than one person,
animal place, thing, or idea. When you talk about more than one of
anything, you're using plural nouns. When you write about more than one
of anything, you usually use the same word, simply adding an s, es, or ies
to the end.

Singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea, while a

plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea. There are
a few basic rules to remember when it comes to turning a singular
noun into a plural noun. Most singular nouns need an 's' at the end to
become plural.
Nouns with a plural form and a singular meaning

Certain nouns have a plural form (ending in -s) but a singular meaning: news;
shingles, mumps, rickets; dominoes, billiards, darts etc.:

What's the news?

Shingles is caused by the same virus as chicken pox.
Billiards is a game which connects mathematics and football.

Nouns ending in -ics can either take a singular (if they are considered as the
name of a science) or a plural verb (if they express a specific application of the
science):

Mathematics was never easy for Tom.

The teacher told him that his mathematics were well below the standard. (his
understanding of mathematics or his results)

Rhetorics was one of the seven free arts.

His rhetorics were doing more harm to our case than any mistake we had ever
made.(his way of expressing ideas)

Acoustics is the study of sounds.

Poor classroom acoustics create a negative learning environment for many
students.(audibility in the classroom)
Rules in Changing Singular Nouns to Plural Nouns