Title: Visit to nearby hospital for biomedical waste management.

1.0 Rationale

 Modern hospitals are complex, multidisciplinary systems which consist of different facets
of medical care as well as research facilities. In the course of functioning of hospitals,
there is a considerable amount of hospital wastes generated.
 There have been an expansion of both private and public sector hospitals in all countries
and hence, the importance of hospital waste management is increasing day by day.
 The rationale behind hospital waste management is that, injuries can occur from the
sharps disposal if not properly handled; then again, patients with poor immunity systems
can become infected with the hospital wastes if disposal is not properly implemented.
 Infectious wastes is another category of hospital wastes which consist of pathogens. Such
wastes need to be disposed of with special care to ensure that infections are not spread
from handling of such wastes.
 Sharps such as needles, broken glass, saws, nails, blades, scalpels are also part of hospital
wastes. Pharmaceutical wastes such as products, drugs, chemicals which are wastes, are
outdated, contaminated, they form a specific category of hospital wastes.
 In India every day per bed in hospitals around one and a half kilogram of hospital wastes
are generated. Amongst such wastes, about 15% is hazardous while 10% is hazardous,
infective and 85% percent is nonhazardous.
 Since only 15% is hazardous, it is important to stress on proper hospital waste
management. Biomedical wastes are hazardous and if they are not segregated at the time
of disposal, then all the hospital wastes become hazardous.

Benefits of Biomedical waste management in Hospitals

 Injuries from sharps leading to infection to all categories of hospital personnel and waste
handler.
 nosocomial infections in patients from poor infection control practices and poor waste
management.
 Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers and at time general
public living in the vicinity of hospitals.
 Risk associated with hazardous chemicals, drugs to persons handling wastes at all levels.
 “Disposable” being repacked and sold by unscrupulous elements without even being
washed.
 Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
 2.0 Literature Review

Infectious waste is produced from every laboratory and hospital but only 40% of them has the
proper plan of disposal rest all the waste water goes into the municipal waste system without
taking care of the toxic gas that comes out from that hospital waste. Record keeping of all the
waste on the daily basis is very important as it keeps the estimation of all the waste quantity from
all the hospitals. Most of the incinerators are not operational because of operational cost and if
some hospitals are using it they are not using APC (air Pollution Control system). The waste
The results of the literature review for each assessment topic are summarized in the following
sections:

1. Water Conservation.
2. Storm water Runoff Volume and Pollutant Load Reduction.
3. Code and Administration.
4. Cost Factors.
3.0 Proposed Methodology

The goals of biomedical waste management are to reduce or eliminate the waste's hazards,
and usually to make the waste unrecognizable. Treatment should render the waste safe for
subsequent handling and disposal. The situation is desultory and most are harmful rather than
helpful. If body fluids are present, the material needs to be incinerated or put into an
autoclave. Although this is the proper method, most medical facilities fail to follow the
regulations. It is often found that biomedical waste is dumped into the ocean, where it
eventually washes up on shore, or in landfills due to improper sorting or negligence when in
the medical facility. Improper disposal can lead to many diseases in animals as well as
humans. Large number of unregistered clinics and institutions also generate bio-medical
waste which is not controlled.
Potentially infectious wastes are generated during various activities in hospitals as well as in
clinics and other health care establishments.
Presently much of the waste from such facilities except from large scale hospitals find its
way into the municipal waste stream.
As the workers handling these wastes are often illiterate, they do not understand the written
instructions and often do not take the required precautions.
The health care waste has to be treated for its conversion to non-hazardous residue, to contain
waste, to avoid human exposure and to contain the residue to avoid its dispersion into the
environment.
The Biomedical waste rules clearly lay down the treatment & disposal options for different
types of waste and it can be seen that at any hospital a combination of methods will have to
be used.
The selection of treatment method depends upon the prevailing regulations, the quantities to
be disposed of, availability of qualified personnel & technologies and the space available.

Following are the treatment options for Biomedical waste:

1. Incineration
2. Chemical disinfection
3. Autoclaving
4. Hydroclaving
5. Encapsulation
6. Microwave treatment.

Such waste which cannot be treated by any of the above methods is normally disposed of in
secured land filling by following the standard procedures. Radioactive waste should be sent
back to Atomic Energy Authority. Pressurized containers should be sent back to the supplier
or to approved recycling centres and should never be burnt.
4.0 Action Plan

Planned
Sr. Planned Responsible group
Activity Performed Finished
No. Start Date member
Date
Shruti Satam
Bhushan Khutarkar
1 Searching topic for micro-project
Shubham Ghadigaonkar
Nihar Khot
Topic for micro-project has been Shubham Ghadigaonkar
2
selected Nihar Khot
Confirmed the topic from the Shruti Satam
3
faculty Shubham Ghadigaonkar
Shruti Satam
4 Discussion regarding micro-project Bhushan Khutarkar
Shubham Ghadigaonkar
Shruti Satam
5 Collected the required data
Bhushan Khutarkar
Shruti Satam
Bhushan Khutarkar
6 Working on microproject
Shubham Ghadigaonkar
Nihar Khot
5.0 Resources Required

Sr. Name of
No. resources / Specifications Quantity Remarks
materials

1 Pc / Laptop Lenovo E 40-80, Ram 4 GB 1

Operating
2 Windows 10 1
System

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_
management
3 Website 2
 https://www.conserve-energy-
future.com/waste-management-and-
waste-disposal-methods.php

Reference “Waste management practices”

Names of team members with Roll no.

1. Shruti Satam - 17
2. Bhushan Khutarkar - 18
3. Shubham Ghadigaonkar - 20
4. Nihar Khot -32