PAES 119: 2001

5.3.5 Measurement

5.3.5.1 Operating speed

Outside the long boundary of the test plot, two poles 20 m apart (A, B) are placed
approximately in the middle of the test run. On the opposite side also two poles are placed in
similar position, 20 m apart (C, D) so that all four poles form corners of a rectangle, parallel
to at least one long side of the test plot. The speed will be calculated from the time required
for the machine to travel the distance (20 m) between the assumed line connecting two poles
on opposite sides AC and BD. The easily visible point of the machine should be selected for
measuring the time.

20 m

A pole B pole

C pole D pole
Figure 4 – Measurement of Operating Speed

5.3.5.2 Noise level measurement

5.3.5.2.1 The equipment shall be calibrated frequently and, if possible, before each measuring
session. An adequate technical description of measuring equipment shall be given in the test
report.

5.3.5.2.2 The noise emitted by the tractor measured 50 mm away from the operator’s ear
level shall not be more than 92 db (A). *

5.3.5.3 Fuel Consumption

The tank is filled to full capacity before and after each test trial. Amount of refueling after the
test is the fuel consumption for the test. When filling up the tank, careful attention should be
paid to keep the tank horizontal and not to leave empty space in the tank.

5.3.6 The items to be measured, investigated and recorded during the field performance
tests are given in Annex G.

_________________________
*
Allowable noise level for six (6) hours of continuous exposure based on Occupational Safety and Health Standards,
Ministry of Labor, Philippines. 1983.

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6 Data Analysis

The formulas to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex H.

7 Test Report

The test report shall include the following information in the order given:

7.1 Name of testing agency

7.2 Test report number
7.3 Title
7.4 Summary
7.5 Purpose and scope of test
7.6 Methods of test
7.7 Description of the four-wheel tractor
7.8 Results of Laboratory Tests
7.9 Results of Field Test
7.10 Observations
7.11 Name and Signature of Test Engineers

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Annex A

Inspection Sheet for Four-Wheel Tractor

Name of Applicant : __________________________________________________________

Address : _____________________________________________________________
Telephone No. : _______________________________________________________
Name of Distributor : _________________________________________________________
Address : _____________________________________________________________
Name of Manufacturer : _______________________________________________________
Factory Address : ______________________________________________________

GENERAL INFORMATION

Brand :_____________________________ Model :_________________________________

Serial No. : _________________________Type : _________________________________
Production date of tractor to be tested : __________________________________________

Items to be inspected

ITEMS Manufacturer's Verification by

Specification Testing Agency

A1 Dimensions and weight of tractor

A1.1 Overall length, mm
A1.2 Overall width, mm
A1.3 Overall height, mm
A1.4 Dry weight of tractor, kg
A1.4.1 Front
A1.4.2 Rear
A1.4.3 Total
A2 Engine
A2.1 Make/Country of Manufacture
A2.2 Model
A2.3 Serial Number
A2.4 Type
A2.4.1 Fuel used
A2.4.2 Governor
A2.4.3 Air cleaner
A2.4.4 Lubrication system
A2.4.5 Cooling system

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Manufacturer's Verification by
ITEMS
Specification Testing Agency
A2.4.6 Starting system
A2.4.7 Electrical system
A2.4.8 Exhaust system
A3 Power take-off
A3.1 Location
A3.2 Type (1, 2 or 3)
A3.2.1 Diameter of PTO shaft ends, mm
A3.2.2 Number of splines
A3.2.3 Rated shaft speed, rpm
A3.4 Height above ground, mm
A3.5 Direction of rotation (viewed from
the rear of the tractor)
A3.6 Mode of operation
A4 Ground clearance, mm
A5 Three-point linkage
A5.1 Length of lift arms, mm
A5.2 Length of lower links, mm
A5.3 Horizontal distance between
two lower links, mm
A5.4 Horizontal distance between two
lift arms endpoints, mm
A5.5 Length of upper link, mm
A6 Drawbar
A6.1 Type (fixed, swinging or link)
A6.1.1 Fixed drawbar
A6.1.1 Swinging drawbar
A6.1.1 Link drawbar
A6.2 Drawbar hole diameter, mm
A6.3 Drawbar thickness, mm
A7 Transmission system
A7.1 Main clutch and PTO clutch
A7.1.1 Dry type single-plate clutch
A7.1.2 Dual clutch
A7.2 Transmission gears
A7.2.1 Sliding mesh gears
A7.2.2 Constant mesh gears
A7.2.3 Synchronous mesh gears
A7.2.3.1 Constant load type
A7.2.3.2 Inertia lock type

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Manufacturer's Verification by
ITEMS
Specification Testing Agency
A7.2.4 Planetary gears
A7.2.5 Fluid coupler and transmission
A7.3 Differential gears
A7.4 Differential lock
A8 Tire
A8.1 Front tire size
A8.2 Rear tire size
A8.3 Wheel base , mm
A9 Brake system
A9.1 Type according to manner of
applying braking force
A9.1.1 Internal expansion type
A9.1.2 External contraction type
A9.1.3 Disc type
A9.2 Type according to manner of
transmitting the force from the control
A9.2.1 Mechanical brake
A9.2.2 Hydraulic brake

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Annex B

Power-Take-Off Performance Test Data Sheet

Date and Location of tests: ______________Type of dynamometer bench: _______________

Power Speed, rpm Fuel consumption Specific

kW Hourly Specific energy
Engine P.T.O.
kg/h L/h g/kWh kW-h/L
B1 Maximum power - Two-hour test

B2 Power at rated engine speed

B3 Standard power-take-off speed (1000 ± 25 or 540 ± 10 rpm)

B4 Part loads
B4.1 the torque corresponding to maximum power at rated engine speed

B4.2 85 % of torque obtained in B4.1

B4.3 75 % of torque defined in B4.2

B4.4 50 % of torque defined in B4.2

B4.5 25 % of torque defined in B4.2

B4.6 unloaded

B5 Part loads at standards power-take-off speed (1000 ± 25 or 540 ± 10 rpm)

B5.1 the torque corresponding to maximum power

B5.2 85 % of torque obtained in B5.1

B5.3 75 % of torque defined in B5.2

B5.4 50 % of torque defined in B5.2

B5.5 25 % of torque defined in B5.2

B5.6 unloaded

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No load maximum engine speed : ____________________rpm

Toque (equivalent crankshaft) at maximum power
At rated engine speed : ______________________N-m
At rated 2-hour test :______________________N-m
Maximum torque (equivalent crankshaft): _____________N-m
(engine speed:________________rpm)

Mean atmospheric conditions:

Temperature °C
Pressure kPa
Relative humidity %
Maximum temperatures:
Coolant °C
Engine oil °C
Fuel °C
Engine air intake °C

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Annex C

Hydraulic lifting force and power

Date of tests : ______________________________

C1 Hydraulic lifting force test

C1.1 Three-point linkage

The linkage settings for test is illustrated in Figures 1C and 2C and Table 1C.

rod

k
lin
Li

ft

er
ft

Li
arm

p
Up

k
r lin
we
Lo
S
A

a c
b H
d
Rear wheel axis
e
f

D B
h

Ground level

Rear wheel axis

Figure C1 – Lift test - Linkage geometry
Note: Give detailed figures of power lift and complete Table 1C with values corresponding to the dimensions
of the figure above

Figure C2 - Lift test - Linkage geometry

Note: Give detailed graph of power lift and complete Table 1C with values corresponding to the dimensions of
the graph above

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Table C1 - Dimensions of linkage geometry when connected to the standard frame

Dimension Settings
or range used in
test
mm mm

Length of lift arms: (A)

Length of lower links: (B)
Distance of lift arm pivot point from rear-wheel axis :
- horizontally (a)
- vertically (b)
Horizontal distance between the 2 lower link points: (u)
Horizontal distance between the 2 lift arm end points: (v)
Length of upper link: (S)
Distance of upper link pivot point from rear wheel axis :
- horizontally (c)
- vertically (d)
Distance of lower link pivot point from rear wheel axis :
- horizontally (e)
- vertically (f)
Distance of lower link pivot points to lift rod pivot points (D)
on lower links:
Length of lift rods : (L)
Height of lower hitch points relative to the rear-wheel
axis:
- in low position (h)
- in high position (H)
Height above ground of lower hitch points when locked in
transport position (*)
(*) Assuming r = rear tire dynamic radius index of ISO 4251-1 (pneumatic tire tractors only)

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C1.2 Power lift test

Table C2 – Power Lift Test Data Sheet

at the hitch on the

point frame
Height of lower hitch points above ground in down position, mm
Vertical movement, mm
Maximum corrected force exerted through full range, kN
Corresponding pressure of hydraulic fluid, MPa
Moment about rear-wheel axis, kN-m
Maximum tilt angle of mast from verical, degrees

Lifting heights relative to the horizontal plane including the lower link pivot points
mm - - - - 0 + + + +
Lifting forces (the values of force measured shall be corrected to correspond to a hydraulic
pressure equivalent to 90 % of the actual relief valve pressure setting of the hydraulic lift
system):
at the hitch points in kN:
Corresponding pressure: _______________MPa
at the frame in kN:
Corresponding pressure: _______________MPa

C2 Hydraulic power test

Sustained pressure with relief valve open:

_____________________________________MPa
Pump stalled: _______Yes / ________No
Pump delivery rate at minimum pressure : ____________________________________L/min

Table C3 – Hydraulic Power Test Data Sheet

Flow rate Pressure Power

L/min MPa kW
Flow rate corresponding to a hydraulic pressure equivalent
to 90 % of the actual relief valve pressure setting and
corresponding hydraulic power
Flow rate and hydraulic pressure corresponding to
maximum hydraulic power
Tapping point used for test:
Temperature of hydraulic fluid, if different from 65 + 5°C: ______________________°C
Opening pressure of the unloading valve: ____________________________________MPa
Closing pressure of the unloading valve: _____________________________________MPa

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Annex D

Drawbar Power Test Data Sheet

Date of tests: ______________________Type of track:____________________________

Height of drawbar Tire inflation pressure, kPa

above ground,
mm Front Rear

Unballasted

Ballasted

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Gear Power Drawbar Speed Engine Slip of Specific fuel Specific Temperature Atmospheric conditions
number pull speed wheels consumption energy Engine oil Temperature Relative
and/or tracks Fuel Coolant Pressure
and
humidity
range
kW kN km/h rpm % g/kWh KW-h/l °C °C °C °C % kPa
D1 Maximum Power in Tested Gears (unballasted tractor)

D2 Maximum Power in Tested Gears (ballasted tractor)

D3 Five-hour Tests
D3 .1 Five-hour Test at 75% of the pull corresponding to maximum power at rated speed

D3 .2 Five-hour Test at pull corresponding to 15% wheelslip (trackslip: ≥ 7%), with additional ballast : _________ kg
(*) (*)
D4 Five-hour Test at 75% of the pull corresponding to maximum power at rated speed (track laying tractors)

(*)Those figures not quoted are irrelevant due to the additional ballast.

Oil consumption during ten hours duration of: ______________________g/h

D5 In case of tracklaying tractors, the following table will be used:

Ballasted Unballasted
Maximum drawbar pull kN kN
Slip corresponding % %
To 7 % kN kN

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Annex E

Turning Area and Turning Circle Data Sheet

With Brakes Without Brakes

Right turn Left turn Right turn Left turn

Radius of turning area, mm

Radius of turning circle, mm

Annex F

Location of Center of Gravity Data Sheet

Height above ground:______________________________________________________mm

Distance from the vertical plane containing the axis of the rear-wheels:_______________mm

Distance from the median longitudinal plane of the tractor: ________________________mm

If the angle of suspension of the tractor is less than 20°, indicate its value: ______________°

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Annex G

Field Performance Test Data Sheet

Items to be Measured and Inspected

ITEMS Trials Average

1 2 3
G1 Test Conditions
G1.1 Condition of field
G1.1.1 Location
G1.1.2 Dimensions of field (L x W), m
G1.1.3 Area, m2
G1.1.4 Soil type (clay, clay loam, sandy, etc)
G1.1.5 Moisture content, %
G1.1.6 Weed density (low, medium, or high)
G1.1.7 Soil resistance, kg/cm2
G1.1.8 Last crop planted
G1.2 Weather conditions
G1.2.1 Temperature
G1.2.1.1 Wet bulb, ºC
G1.2.1.2 Dry bulb, ºC
G1.2.2 Weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy, hot, cold..)
G1.3 Condition of the tractor
G1.3.1 Tractive device
G1.3.1.1 Type
G1.3.1.2 Size
G1.3.2 Wheel tread
G1.3.3 Additional weight, kg
G1.3.3.1 Front-end
G1.3.3.2 Wheel

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ITEMS Trials Average

1 2 3
G1.3.4 Gross weight, kg
G1.3.5 Speed-gear positions
G1.3.5.1 Main transmission
G1.3.5.2 Auxiliary transmission
G1.3.5.3 Rotary speed change
G1.3.6 Others
G2 Field Performance
G2.1 Date of test
G2.2 Kind of field operation
G2.3 Type and size of implement
G2.4 Depth of cut, mm
G2.5 Traveling or operating speed, km/h
G2.6 Theoretical width of tillage, mm
G2.7 Actual width of tillage, mm
G2.8 Time lost, min
G2.8.1 Turning, min
G2.8.2 Others (specify), min
G2.9 Duration of test, min
G2.10 Actual field capacity, ha/h
G2.11 Theoretical field capacity, ha/h
G2.12 Field efficiency, %
G2.13 Noise level, db(A)
G2.14 Wheel slip or travel reduction, %
G2.15 Fuel consumed, L
G2.16 Fuel consumption, L/h
G2.17 Others (specify)
G3 Observations:

G3.1 Ease of handling and stability of the tractor

G3.2 Ease of manipulating of the operating levers

G3.3 Ease of replacing and adjusting the parts

G3.4 Safety features

G3.5 Failure or abnormalities that may be observed on the tractor or its component parts

G3.6 Others

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Annex H

Formulas Used During Calculations and Testing

H1 Field Performance Test

H1.1 Estimation of Effective Field Capacity
H1.1.1 Average swath or width of cut, S, (m)
W
S=
2n

where: W is the width of plot, m

n is the number of rounds
2 is the number of trips per round
H1.1.2 Total distance traveled, D, (m)

A
D= = 2 nL
S
where: A = LxW
where: A is the area of plot, m2
L is the length of the plot, m
H1.1.3 Effective area accomplished, Ae, (m2)

Ae = wD = 2nLw
where: w is the width of plow or rotary tiller, m
H1.1.3.1 If width of swath is less than the plow’s or rotary tiller’s width, the
operator has passed over part of the area twice to secure better
coverage, therefore:

Ao = Ae - A

where: Ao is the overlap (area which is plowed or

rototilled twice), m2
H1.1.3.2 If the average width of swath is greater that the plow’s or rotary
tiller’s width, the operator has left part of the area unplowed or
unrototilled, therefore:
Au = A - Ae

where: Au is the unplowed or unrototilled area

(area missed), m2

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H1.1.4 Effective field capacity, efc, (m2/h)

60A e
efc =
t
where: t is the time used during the operation, min

H1.2 Theoretical Field Capacity, tfc, (m2/h)

tfc = we x v

where: we is the effective or theoretical width of tillage, m

v is the speed of operation, m/h

H1.3 Field Efficiency, εf, (%)

efc
εf = x 100
tfc

H1.4 Wheel slip, %

N1 − N 0
Wheel slip, % = x 100
N1

where:
N1 is the sum of the revolutions of all driving wheels for a
given distance with slip, rpm
N0 is the sum of the revolutions of all driving wheels for the
same distance without slip, rpm

H1.5 Fuel Consumption, Fc, (L/h)

V
Fc =
t
where: V is the volume of fuel consumed, L
t is the total operating time, h

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H2 Laboratory Tests

H2.1 Axle/Rotary Shaft Torque, T, (kg-m)

T= F x L

where: F is the axle or rotary shaft load, kg

L is the length of pony brake arm, m

H2.2 Axle/Rotary Shaft Power, P, (kW)

Ft x N
P =
1340
where: Ft is the total axle or rotary shaft load, kg
N is the speed of axle or rotary shaft, rpm

H2.3 Specific Fuel Consumption, SFC, (g/kW-h)

Fc x ρf
SFC =
P

where: Fc is the fuel consumption, L/h

ρf is the density of fuel, g/L
P is the axle or rotary shaft power, kW

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