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Infancy:: 2. Early Childhood

This document outlines the eight stages of human development: 1) Infancy from birth to 18 months where trust versus mistrust is the key crisis as infants need nourishment. 2) Early childhood from 18 months to 3 years where autonomy versus doubt is faced as children develop skills but still need guidance. 3) Middle childhood from 3 to 5 years where initiative versus guilt is the crisis as children's independence grows and they explore new things. 4) Late childhood from 5 to 12 years where industry versus inferiority is faced as attention spans increase and skills are acquired. 5) Adolescence from 12 to 20 years which involves puberty and its implications on development facing storm and stress. 6) Early

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Geraldine Julapong
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36 views1 page

Infancy:: 2. Early Childhood

This document outlines the eight stages of human development: 1) Infancy from birth to 18 months where trust versus mistrust is the key crisis as infants need nourishment. 2) Early childhood from 18 months to 3 years where autonomy versus doubt is faced as children develop skills but still need guidance. 3) Middle childhood from 3 to 5 years where initiative versus guilt is the crisis as children's independence grows and they explore new things. 4) Late childhood from 5 to 12 years where industry versus inferiority is faced as attention spans increase and skills are acquired. 5) Adolescence from 12 to 20 years which involves puberty and its implications on development facing storm and stress. 6) Early

Uploaded by

Geraldine Julapong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geraldine D.

Julapong BS PSYCHOLOGY 2C
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1. Infancy:
This period extends from birth to 18 months of age. This is called the age of trust v/s
mistrust. The infant who comes to the new environment, from mother’s womb needs only
nourishment.

2. Early childhood: This stage ranges from 18 months to 3 years. By second year of
life, the muscular and nervous systems have developed markedly, and the child is eager
to acquire new skills, is no longer content to sit and watch. The child needs guidance. In
the crisis of autonomy v/s doubt faced during this period, the critical issue is the child’s
feeling of independence.

3. Middle childhood: This stage extends from 3-5 years. The crisis faced during this
period is initiative v/s guilt. Once a sense of independence has been established, the child wants
to tryout various possibilities. It is at this time the child’s willingness to try new things is
facilitated or inhibited.

4. Late childhood: This period ranges from 5-12 years. During this period the child
develops greater attention span, needs less sleep, and gains rapidly in strength; therefore, the
child can expend much more effort in acquiring skills, and needs accomplishment, regardless of
ability. The crisis faced during this period is industry v/s inferiority.

5. Adolescence: This is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood which extends


from 12-20 years. During this period the individual attains puberty leading to many changes.
These changes have enormous implications for the individual’s sexual, social, emotional and
vocational life; that is why Stanley Hall has rightly described this period as a “period of storm
and stress”.
6. Early adulthood: This stage extends from 20-30 years. As an adult, the individual
takes a firmer place in society, usually holding a job, contributing to community and
maintaining a family and care of offspring. These new responsibilities can create tensions and
frustrations, and one solution involves is, an intimate relationship with family. This situation
leads to a crisis called intimacy v/s isolation.

7. Mature adulthood: This period ranges from 30-65 years. It is otherwise called middle
age. During this stage of life, the crisis encountered is generativity v/s stagnation. This requires
expanding one’s interests beyond oneself to include the next generation.
8. Old age: This stage is the extension after 65 years till death. By this age people’s goals
and abilities have become more limited. The crisis in this stage is the integrity v/s despair in
which the person finds meaning in memories or instead looks back on life with dissatisfaction.

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