ARMM (Autonomous Region in Muslim  CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region) 

Mindanao)  > Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, 
> Lanao del Sur , Maguindanao, Sulu,  Mountain Province 
Tawi-tawi, Basilan   
NCR (National Capital Region) > Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur
  Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte
Region 1 (Ilocos Region)  Surigao del Sur
> Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan 
 
Region 2 (Cagayan Valley) 
> Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino, Nueva 
Vizcaya 
 
Region 3 (Central Luzon) 
> Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, 
Zambales, Aurora 
 
Region 4A (CALABARZON) 
> Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal 
 
Region 4B (MIMAROPA​)
> Marinduque, Occ. Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro,
Palawan, Romblon
 
Region 5 (Bicol Region) 
> Albay, Cam Norte, Cam Sur, Catanduanes, 
Masbate, Sorsogon 
 
Region 6 (Western Visayas) 
> Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo, Negros 
Occ. 
 
Region 7 (Central Visayas) 
> Bohol, Cebu, Negros O., Siquijor 
 
Region 8 (Eastern Visayas) 
> Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, 
Southern Leyte, Western Samar 
 
Region 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula) 
> Zamboanga Del Norte, Zamboanga Del Sur, 
Zamboanga Sibugay, Isabela City (Basilan) 
 
Region 10 (Northern Mindanao) 
> Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao Del Norte, Misamis 
Occ, Misamis Or 
 
Region 11 (Davao Region) 
> Davao Del norte, Davao del sur, Compostela 
Vallet, Davao Occidental 
 
Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN) 
> Cotabato (North Cotabato), Sarangani, South 
Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Cotabato City 
(MAGUINDANAO) 
 
Region 13 (Caraga Region) 
Introduction to History (Panimula sa Kasaysayan) > An ​archive ​is a place where people store their
old records
HISTORY > It is different from the rare books section of a
> Process of creation of culture (National Culture) library where books considered old or out of print
> Study of past events are kept
> Recording and analysis of experiences of a > Rare books​ - are those publications which are
society not anymore accessible and therefore have
> Use of other disciplines (ex. Philosophy, become rare and had to be more guarded
sociology, economics etc)
By definition according to the ​National Archives
Derivative meaning: Act of 2007 (R.A. 9470):
His - Man Story – Narrative > Archives or archival material refer to public
History = Story/ Narrative of Man records, papers, periodicals, books or other items,
articles, or materials whether in the form of
Philosophy of History electronic, audio-visual, print , which by their value
> Arnold Toynbee which by their nature and characteristics, have
– Challenge and Response Theory; action enduring archival value that that have been
based on the situation (ex. Revolution, selected for permanent preservation
colonialism-nationalism)
> Karl Marx As a place, it is
– Economic Theory; economic system > a building, a room, storage where archival
determines history (ex. Spanish motives for materials are kept and preserved
colonization – God, Gold, Glory)
> Alvin Scaff The National Archives of the Philippines also
– Exchange Theory; (ex. Barter system) known as the Philippine National Archives
> Teodoro Agoncillo (PNA)
– Nationalist Historian - The controlling government agency for the
country’s archives
SOURCES
Archives > While most records are accessible to the public,
> Analyzed documents, records etc there are records that are considered ​restricted
> Archival documents because there exists a legal impediment or
> Fray Juan de Plasencia (Franciscan-1589), Fray standard advice issued by the Executive Director of
Pedro Chirino (Jesuit-1604) the Archives that such public records be withheld
> Philippine Insurgent Records (Phil-Am War) from public access
> Muslims (tarsila-genealogical record of sultans
and datus) A local government may have a public archive
> When it has custody of local government records
Libraries > The UST also has its own archives
Museums - It contains records about the University
Historical places : Monuments; Structures; Markers including wills, lists of students, grades,
Media (TV Programs, Print , etc.) personnel etc.
Internet/Social Media
Others Importance of sources
> It gives a view of the past

The impact of one’s scholarship is judged by the

amount of archival research that was undertaken in
the case of historical studies
The main archives of the Philippines is the Aside from the Archdiocesan Archives other
Philippine National Archives religious orders maintain their own archives
> The PNA contains documents from the Spanish > The Dominicans maintain their archive for their
period such as: order
1. Ereccion de Pueblos (Erection of Villages) > The Jesuits have theirs at the Ateneo
2. Cedularios (Cedula) > The Recollects have an archive at their Mission
3. Bautismos (Baptismla) House in Fairview
4. Vecindarios (Neighborhood)
5. Guia de Forasteros (Foreigners’ guide) Archival documents are prized for their historic
6. Varias Provincias value
7. Sediciones y Rebelliones (Seditions and > Most of these are primary sources if they are
Rebellions) reports, laws, letters, statements and statistical
8. Asuntos Criminales (Criminal matters) figures
9. Presidios (imprisonment)
10. Marina (Maritime Industry Authority) The researcher must be careful to discern a
11. Filipinos ( Ilustres) primary document from a secondary one
12. Planos > Not all archival documents are primary sources
13. Gaceta de Manila (Manila Gazette)
14. Prestacion Personal (Polos y Servicios) Many archival documents are still in their original
15. Other documents that pertain to aspects paper
such as health i.e. lazaretos (Leper colony, > Others are now available in microfilm, microfiche
Economic matters such as the Tobacco and digital copies
Monopoly, Opium Monopoly, maritima, > Some can be accessed through the Internet
agricola, etc. > Even genealogical records can now be accessed
through the genealogical project of the Church of
Aside from the national government, local the Latter Day Saints based in Salt Lake City, Utah,
governments also keep their own archives USA
> These contain matters of local interest like
history, lists of people living in the area, births and Many of the archival documents are in the Spanish
deaths, local health matters, economy, industry and language
events that have taken place there > It is therefore necessary to know the language

There are a number of private archives such as the One should also understand archival Spanish
ecclesiastical archives > There are many Spanish words not anymore
The archives of the Archdiocese of Manila contain used or the meaning has changed
important documents such as > Cajon means a division in a rice field
1. Baptisms > There are various terms indicating measurements
2. Foundations of parishes, dioceses and such as vara for measuring length and quintal for
archdioceses weight
3. Pastoral letters > The Spanish legua or league is different from the
4. Reports from the various churches English league
5. Letters including retraction letters of
Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar There are also brief forms such as
6. Controversial matters such as brujerias > Dte Gde - Dios te Guarde, may God keep you
(witchcraft); divorce ( actually happened > Cbllero – Caballero
during the Spanish period) > Idem – same
7. conflicts within the church such as rivalries
between religious orders
Some documents though classified as primary, may
have conflicting information
> The researcher must be able to read between the
lines and understand the intent of the writer. He
could be lying or making things up

The understanding of this photo conveys to us how

Filipinos see themselves and presents to us what
was life during that point in history

Unhistorical Data
Found out to be historical errors
> ​Maragtas – book written by Pedro Monteclaro;
no explanation about the date and origin of sources
> ​Kalantiaw- by Fr. Jose Pavon; Philippine Studies
in Univ. of Chicago acknowledged; Marcos-E.O 294
(Order of Kalantiaw); Discovered by Jose Marco
who was involved in selling fake documents
> ​Urduja​ – warrior princess
> William Henry’s Scott’s Prehistoric Source
Materials for the Study of Philippine History