Seminar Report

On

METRO TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM USING PLC

AND SCADA MONITORING
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of B.Tech Degree in

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

of Cochin University of Science & Technology

Submitted By

AEIN PHILOMIN [REG: 19152625]

Under the guidance of

VIDYA SOJAN
Head of the department

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

November 2017

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MUNNAR

P.B.NO.45, County Hills, Munnar - 685612

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MUNNAR

P.B.NO.45, COUNTY HILLS,

MUNNAR - 685612

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the content of the seminar report entitled Metro Traction

Control System Using PLC And SCADA Monitoring being submitted

by AEIN PHILOMIN for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering of the Cochin University of Science and
Technology is a bonafide account of the work carried out by her in this department
during the academic year 2017-2018 under our supervision.

Guided by Head of the Department

Mrs. VIDYA SOJAN Mr. BIJU K

Asst. Professor Asst. Professor,

Dept. of EEE Dept. of EEE

College of Engineering Munnar College of Engineering Munnar

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project, being an integral part of the curriculum, i would like to thank all the
people who extended a hand in this work. At first, we would like to express my
gratitude and obligations to Mrs VIDYA SOJAN, Assistant Professor, Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, who continually and convincingly
conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to my presentation and an excitement in
regard to taking the seminar.

I avail this opportunity to thank Mr BIJU K, Assistant Professor, Head of the

Department, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his valuable
guidance, support and encouragement throughout the seminar.

I express our heartfelt thanks and sense of gratitude to Dr Ramesh P, Principal of

College of Engineering Munnar, for providing us with the best facilities and
atmosphere for the completion of the seminar.

I would like to express our sincere thanks and gratitude to all the faculty members
for their suggestions and support during the seminar.

I take this opportunity to thank my beloved parents and friends for being a constant
source of moral support, and patience and encouragement.

Above all, I thank the ALIMIGHTY without whose blessings we would ever be
able to complete.

AEIN PHILOMIN [19152625]

 ABSTRACT

The high level of error which may lead to scads of damage which may be human life
or material damage, inefficiency in supporting changes such as development of new
high performance vehicles, time consuming inefficient system of operation leads
one to consider an automated railway system. An automated control system which
is introduced in this paper with the help of PLC and SCADA monitoring will have
a significant effect in the permitting of having an increased speed form of
transportation, augmenting services which can increase the full load capacity of a
given network, while flexibility in the network will help in developing a system
which can be improvised to change traffic control based on the traffic variations.
The system provides other prominent benefits over there room temperature
counterpart in reduced size, weight (increased power density), efficiency, switching
speed, reliability which will result in an overall weight, space, time saving and a
save mode travel in the current society.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS TITLE PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC MEMORY 2

2.1 LOAD INSTRUCTION 3

2.2 LOAD BAR 4

2.3 LOGIC TABLE LOAD 4

3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) 5

3.1 CONTROLLING USING SCADA 6

4 CHARACTERISTICS OF SCADA 7

4.1 Metro Traction System Using PLC And SCADA Monitoring 8

5 WORKING 9

6 BLOCK DIAGRAM 10

7 ADVANTAGES OVER ITS PREDECESSOR 11

8 CONCLUSION 12

9 REFERENCES 13
Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The signalling system or the control system came after the creation of railway system as
a mode for picking up passengers from station. With the increased train traffic the
stunning possibility of an accident occurring and the after effects became the inspiration
of creating control system which with time has evolved. Presently the railway controlling
is done mainly through hand signalling. For one of the largest systems in the world its
time consuming and prone to errors leading to accidents. Attempts were made to fool
proof the hand signalling system but as one type of an error was eliminated another shows
up. Conventional train control system using track circuits for train detection require huge
investment in equipment and in maintenance like various ground facilities where needed
to be installed on and around the track, many signal cables where required to connect
ground facilities etc. In addition to that because of train control was implemented by
block, conventional system was inconvenient to support changes in transportation mode
such as development of new, high performance vehicles. The present scenario in many
railway station and level crossing is manually operated which makes it susceptible to
human errors and can cause scads of damage to both human beings as well as
equipment’s.

The next key enabling technology in developing the railway system which can provide
high power density, high efficiency and superior performance is the application of PLC
as a controlling system and SCADA as the monitoring system which enables us to
program a system for implementation of specific functions and monitoring for
intervening the function when in need of a change, so that a manual control can be also
implemented. Thus with the option of manual intervention in the automation system the
possibility of system failure is minuscule.

Dept of EEE 1 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CHAPTER 2

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC MEMORY

PLC programmable memory for the internal storage of instructions for the
implementation of specific function such as logic sequencing, timing, counting and
arithmetic to control through digital or analog input/ output module makes it apt for
implementing the project. The working of PLC is by continuous scanning of the program.
The scanning process involve

• Testing input status

• Programming execution

• Check-up and correction of the output status

PIN DIAGRAM

Dept of EEE 2 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

The input module performs four tasks electronically. First, it senses the presence or
absence of an input signal at each of its input terminal. The input signal tells which
switch, sensor or other signal is on or off in the process being controlled. Second it
converts the input signal for on a high to a DC level usable by the modules electronic
circuit. For a low or off input signal, no signal is converted indicating off third, the input
modules carries out electronic isolation by electronically isolating input module output
from its input. For the AC voltage input we are using DC converter consist of rectifiers
and a means to step the voltage down to usable level, with a zener diode. For input dc
voltage DC to DC conversion within conversion range is required. The output of the
converter is not directly connected to the CPU. The isolation block protects CPU from
this surges or circuit malfunction.

The output module operates in the opposite manner The output module operates in the
opposite manner from the input. A dc signal from the CPU is converted through each
module section to a usable output voltage either AC or DC. A signal from the CPU is
received by the output module logic one for each scan. If the CPU signal code matches
assigned number of module, the module section is turned on. RS Logic 500 complaint
ladder logic programming package is used here for the PLC. It helps in maximizing
performance, save project time and improves productivity. Flexible ease to use editors,
common look and feel, diagnostics and troubleshooting tools, powerful time saving
features and functionality were the driving factors in choosing it. Here the ladder logic
uses:

2.1 LOAD INSTRUCTION

• Load instruction: normally open contact, it is also called examine if on. This is used
when an input signal is needed to be present for the symbol to turn on.

Dept of EEE 3 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

2.2 LOAD BAR

• Load Bar: normally closed contact. It is also called Load Not or examine if closed. This
is used when an input signal does not need to be present for the symbol to turn on.

2.3 LOGIC TABLE LOAD

• Out: the out instruction is sometimes called Output energize instruction. When the
instruction is true it is physically turned on.

Dept of EEE 4 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CHAPTER 3

SCADA

(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

SCADA is an industrial measurement and control system consisting of a central host

or master (usually called master terminal unit –MTU) one or more field data
gathering and control units or remotes (usually called remote terminal unit - RTU)
and a collection of standard and /or custom software used to monitor and control
remote located field data elements. Contemporary SCADA system exhibits
predominantly open-loop control characteristics and utilize predominantly long
distance communications, although some elements of closed-loop control and/or
short distance communications may also present.

Logic Table of Out

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA)

SCADA systems field data gathering generally cover larger geographic areas, and
rely on a variety of communications. It is used to monitor and control purposes. The
control may be automatic or initialized by an operator commands. The data
acquisition is accomplished firstly by the RTU’s scanning the field inputs connected
to the RTU. This usually is at a fast rate. The central host will scan the RTU’s. The
data is processed to detect alarm conditions, and if an alarm is present, it will be
displayed on special alarm list.

Dept of EEE 5 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

Data can be of three types:

• Analogue data will be placed in graphs

• Digital data (on/off) may have an alarm attached to one state or the other

• Pulse data is normally accumulated or counted

3.1 CONTROLLING USING SCADA

The primary interface to the operator is a graphical

display, which shows are presentation of the plant or equipment in graphical form.
Live data is shown as graphical shapes over a static background. As the data changes
in the field, foreground is updated.

Analogue data can be shown either as a number or graphically. The system may
have many such displays the user can select from the relevant one at any time.

Dept of EEE 6 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CHAPTER 4

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCADA

• Scalability: it is possible to extend SCADA based control system by adding more

variables, more specialized servers or more client

• Redundancy: the product often has built in server redundancy at a server level,
which is normally transparent to the user

• Trending: the products to be trended in a specific chart can be predefined or defined

on line

• Alarm handling: is based on limit and status checking and performed in the data
server.

• Database: the configuration data base that are logically centralized but physically
disturbed and that is generally of a proprietary format

• Logging/Archiving: the term logging and archiving are generally used to describe
the same facility. Logging can be thought of as a medium term storage data on disk,
whereas archiving is long term storage of data either in disk or on another permanent
storage medium

• Report generation: one can produce reports using SQL type queries to the archive,
RTDB or logs.

• Automation: allow actions to be automatically triggered by events For SCADA we

are using Wonder ware in touch 9.5 software. In Touch 9.5 software feature
includes:

• Enhancements for operational efficiency that help users create streamlined

applications that enable them to do their jobs faster and smarter.

• Tools provide operator guidance and additional functionality to give users what
they need to quickly understand application functionality

Dept of EEE 7 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

• New alarm tools and functionality built into the In Touch software facilitates better
quicker analysis of alarms, resulting in faster responses.

• Users can dynamically switch language at runtime so the text strings, comments,
and alarm information are displayed in any desired language enabling standardized
multi user, multi international applications.

4.1 Metro Traction Control System Using PLC And SCADA

Monitoring

• Visualize and control operations with impressive ease of use. • Function specific
modules make it easier than ever before to optimize production and performance
manager

The In Touch empowers users to quickly and easily develop custom graphical views
of their process. A user can develop graphics that are easy to use and intuitive with
a variety of tools in wonder ware’s window Maker graphical editing program,
helping users quickly develop and deploy visualization application.

Dept of EEE 8 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CHAPTER 5

WORKING

IIR sensors are placed at the source and destination station, along the railway track to
monitor the movement of the train. These sensors send signal to the PLC through
octocoupler. The PLC processes the input and according to the ladder logic designed in
the PLC an output is given to ULLN 2803 IC which provides input to relays which
control signals at the station, dampers to change tracks, gear motors for closing rail gates.
The PLC also provides input to SCADA system which provides a visual representation
of actual train movement and changes taking place in the signals, railway crossing gates.

A system of four platforms 1,2,3 ,4 with respective priority and tracks leading to them
are considered. IR sensors (I) are placed at each platform for finding out whether the
train have arrived. IR sensors are also provided before railway gate for closing off gate
in time for protection of civilians. Signals are provided at each platform, before level
cross and before entering the station area.

Before the arrival of the train PLC check for availability of platforms. IR sensors checks
according to priority given to platform i.e. platform 1 is checked for any train first if it is
occupied then IR sensor accordingly. If all platforms are occupied signal before the
railway station is turned red for stopping the train, then according to which platform gets
vacant at first the tracks are adjusted by dampers and platform is allocated. The railway
cross gates are closed when IR sensors before railway crossing gates senses the train.

Dept of EEE 9 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CHAPTER 6

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Dept of EEE 10 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CHAPTER 7

ADVANTAGES OVER ITS PREDECESSOR

•The elementation of human element to a certain extent has resulted in the improved
performance, removal of all danger fatique, makes the service less dependent on human
factor

•The delay caused by the communication for acceptance into the station or track is
removed which results in time saving and efficient travelling

•The flexibility in the automation technology allows for an easy adjustment in the
signalling system to deal with changes in traffic

• Better planning of traveling routes and time can be done and can be maintained to an
optimum time which is much better than the older one

Dept of EEE 11 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

CONCLUSION

Here the multi facets of PLC which otherwise was used only in industries. This
would encourage those acquainted with PLC to look at it with a lateral mind. The
system will surely reduce the amount of railway accidents as there is automated
combined with constant supervising. The reason being h8uman errors are being done
away with at important junctions like the level crossing which are the nerve centers
of safety for railway as well as common man. An alternative of human intervention
or manual control is also available. This is because there is a rare possibility of the
system failing or having an error. Thus as the option of manual control is also being
provide the chance of large security lapse would be very miniscule. The operation
of railway is being simplified as the assignment of train to platform is done
according to priority and hence time lag through communication is eliminated. The
signals are also changed automatically not leaving behind the track changes thus
eliminating man from tiresome labour work.

Dept of EEE 12 College of Engineering, Munnar

Seminar Report Metro Traction Control System

REFERENCES

[1] Metro Traction Control System Using PLC And SCADA Monitoring
Dr.S.N.Sivanandam: Professor Emeritus, Department of Computer Science
Engineering, Gurukulam International Journal of Innovations in Science and
Engineering , Volume 1 . Issue 1, January 2016.

ISSN: 2454-6631 January 2016

[2] A.Daneels, W.Salter, “Technoly Survey Summary Of Study Report ”, IT-

CO/98-08-09, CERN , Geneva 26th Aug 1998

[3] A.Daneels, W.Salter, “Selecting and Evaluation Of Commercial SCADA

Systems for the controls of theCERN LHC Experiments”,ths conference 17th Dec
1999

[4] G.Baribaud et al “Recommandations for the Use of Fieldbuses at CERN in

the LHC Era” , Proceedings of the 1997 International Conferenceon Accelerator
and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, Beijing, 1997 ,p.285

[5] R.Barrillere etal , “Results of the OPC Evaluation done within the JCOP for
the control of the LHC Experiments”, this conference

Dept of EEE 13 College of Engineering, Munnar