Institute of Engineering and Technology, Indore
Session 2019 - 20
Subject: Hardware Lab
Topic: Identify the front and rear panel controls
and ports on a PC, Cases, Cooling,
Cables and Connectors.
Submitted to:
Mr. C. P. Patidar Submitted by:
Asst. Professor Tarun Asnani 18I3158
IT Dept. Tushar Sadhwani 18I3160
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Index
1. Front Panel
1. Front Panel Controls
2. Ports
2. Rear Panel Ports
3. Ports in PCI Expansion Cards
4. Cases
5. Cooling
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Front Panel
1. Controls:
a. Power button
b. Reset button
2. Ports:
a. USB Ports
b. 3.5mm Audio Jack
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1. Front Panel Controls
● Power/Reset Button:
These buttons are connected to the motherboard using Front
panel connectors. When the button is pressed, a circuit on the
motherboard is completed, which triggers the desired event.
Front Panel Connectors Front Panel Headers on 4
Motherboard
2a. USB Port
USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry standard for short-
distance digital data communications. USB ports allow USB devices
to be connected to each other with and transfer digital data over USB
cables.
The port has between 4 and 24
pins for power and data transfer,
and has Various connectors in
different shapes and sizes.
Various USB Connectors
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2b. 3.5mm Audio Jack
Audio jack, headphone jack or jack plug, is a family of electrical
connectors typically used for analog audio signals.
Although it comes in various sizes, the 3.5mm size is a standard in
PC Hardware. It typically has two, three or four contacts. Three-
contact versions are known as TRS connectors, where T stands
for "tip", R stands for "ring" and S stands for "sleeve".
Audio Jack Port 6
Rear Panel
1. PS/2 Ports
2. Display ports
a. VGA
b. DVI
c. HDMI
d. DisplayPort
3. Ethernet Port
4. USB Ports
5. Audio Interfaces
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6. Optical Out port
1. PS/2 Ports
● Legacy ports for connecting keyboard and mouse to your
computer
● Uses a bidirectional synchronous serial channel to
facilitate communication between the PC and
keyboard/mouse
● Hybrid connectors that
connect both a keyboard
and mouse also exist PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports Hybrid PS/2 port
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2a. VGA Port
● Also known as DE-15 or D-Sub connector, this port has 15
pins in 3 rows, and carries analog signals for clock, red,
green and blue video signals, horizontal sync and vertical
sync signals and other optional data.
● A standard VGA port can receive a video signal of
resolutions upto 2048x1536px at 85Hz
VGA connector VGA cable 9
2b. DVI Port
● Having various different pin layouts to
differentiate between its various kinds of
connectors, DVI ports are currently the only
widespread video ports that support both
HD analog and digital video signals over
the same connector
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A DVI cable
2c. HDMI Port
● High Definiton Multimedia Interface, or HDMI, is currently
the most popular HD video interface in the world.
● It transmits digital video signals only
● Its latest connector revision, HDMI 2.1, can transmit 10K
video at 120Hz or 4K video at over 480Hz.
HDMI connector HDMI cable 11
2d. DisplayPort
● DisplayPort is an open source alternative to HDMI, and
unlike HDMI, you can create and integrate DisplayPort
ports into your devices without having to pay a commission
to its creators
● It transmits digital video signals upto 4K at 60Hz frequency
DisplayPort connector DisplayPort cable 12
3. Ethernet Port
● Ethernet port is a serial connection that uses a twisted pair
of cables for networking between computers
● Current ethernet standards can carry signals of upto
100Mbps upto 100 metres reliably
Ethernet port Ethernet cable 13
5. Audio Ports
● Audio ports are used to output audio from your PC via
speakers or input audio via a microphone
● There's usually one port each for audio in and out, and
four ports for stereo audio: for left channel, right channel,
center/bass channel and rear channel
Audio ports Audio cables (RCA) 14
6. Optical out port
● Optical Audio port (also known as TOSLINK) is a
standardized optical fiber connector system.
● Its most common use is in consumer audio equipment,
where output from a Television, Computer or DVD System,
and outputs to speakers or home entertainment system.
DisplayPort connector DisplayPort cable 15
Ports in Extension Cards (PCI)
● Ethernet port in
NIC (Network Interface Card)
● Display ports in Video cards
● MIDI or XLR ports in sound cards
● USB ports in USB expansion cards
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Cases
1. Form Factor:
a. Mini ITX
b. Micro ATX
c. Full ATX
d. EATX
2. Size:
a. Full Tower
b. Mid Tower
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c. Mini Tower
1. Form Factor
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Size
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Cooling
1. Case fans
2. CPU/GPU cooling
a. Air cooling
b. Water cooling
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Case Fans
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Air coolers
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Water Cooling (AIO)
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Custom Water Cooling
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Cables and Connectors
1. Ethernet Cable (RJ45 Connector)
2. USB Cable
3. Display Cables
4. Audio Cables
5. Optical Fibre Cable
6. SATA Cable
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Optical Fibre Cable
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SATA Cables
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References
● http://www.computerhope.com/
● https://web.archive.org/web/20120528075527/
● http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/usb_20_101111.zip
● IBM Personal Computer Technical Reference, IBM Personal Computer AT
Technical Reference
● Ken Polsson. "Chronology of IBM Personal Computers"
● "HDMI FAQ". HDMI.org
● Eiden, Hermann (July 7, 1999). "TFT Guide Part 3 - Digital Interfaces"
● Xerox (August 1976). _GoBack_GoBack"Alto: A Personal Computer System
Hardware Manual"
● https://computer.howstuffworks.com/liquid-cooled-pc2.htm
● http://www.ece.umd.edu/courses/enee759h.S2003/references/serialata10a.pdf
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Thank You
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