 - AUXILIARY TABLES

o -- COMMON AUXILIARY SIGNS

 +, / Table 1a - Connecting symbols. Coordination. Extension
 :, ::, [] Table 1b - Relating symbols: Relation. Order-fixing. Subgrouping
o --- COMMON AUXILIARY NUMBERS
 =... Table 1c - Common auxiliaries of language
 (0...) Table 1d - Common auxiliaries of form
 (1/9) Table 1e - Common auxiliaries of place
 (=...) Table 1f - Common auxiliaries of human ancestry, ethnic grouping and nationality
 "..." Table 1g - Common auxiliaries of time
 *, A/Z Table 1h - Subject specification by notations from non-UDC sources
 -0... Table 1k - Common auxiliaries of general characteristics
o -1/-9,.01/.09, `0/`9 INFORMATION ON SPECIAL AUXILIARY TABLES
 ---- MAIN TABLES
o 0 SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. ORGANIZATION. COMPUTER SCIENCE. INFORMATION.
DOCUMENTATION. LIBRARIANSHIP. INSTITUTIONS. PUBLICATIONS
o 1 PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY
o 2 RELIGION. THEOLOGY
o 3 SOCIAL SCIENCES
o 5 MATHEMATICS. NATURAL SCIENCES
o 6 APPLIED SCIENCES. MEDICINE. TECHNOLOGY
 60 Biotechnology
 61 Medical sciences
 62 Engineering. Technology in general
 62-1/-9 Special auxiliary subdivision for technology in general
 620 Materials testing. Commercial materials. Power stations. Economics of energy
 620.1 Materials testing. Defects of materials. Protection of materials
 620.1.05 Testing machines and apparatus
 620.1.051 Universal testing machines
 620.1.052 Load capabilities and characteristics of testing machines
 620.1.058 Fixing and holding devices
 620.1.08 General principles and theory of measurement and the design of measuring apparatus.
Measurement methods
 620.11 Preliminary examination of materials. Sampling. Test pieces
 620.111 Preliminary examination
 620.113 Basis of sampling. Errors in selection. Sampling processes
 620.115 Apparatus for preparation of specimens, test pieces
 620.115.2 Sampling apparatus
 620.115.5 Apparatus and machines for production of specimens
 620.115.8 Shape of specimens. Measurements of specimens. Gauge lengths
 620.118 Storing, preservation of specimens
 620.16 Tests of suitability for service
 620.162 Technology tests simulating conditions to which the specimen will be submitted in service
 620.163 Technology tests not producing numerical values. Testing of regularity and uniformity of
products, e.g. fibres
 620.163.1 Pouring, casting tests. Consistency. Spreadability. Fluidity
 620.163.2 Forging, shaping tests. Flattening, hammering tests. Malleability tests
 620.163.3 Weldability tests
 620.163.4 Crush resistance, friability tests. Brittleness, fragility, shock resistance tests. Fragmentation
tests (shatter tests). Grinding, milling tests
 620.163.6 Hardenability tests. Spark tests
 620.164 Tests according to kind of surface
 620.165 Testing of hollow bodies
 620.165.1 Testing of open containers
 620.165.2 Testing of closed containers
 620.165.7 Package testing (boxes, jars, cans, etc.)
 620.166 Testing of properties dependent on the shape, e.g. of springs, helical tubes
 620.168 Testing of samples of composite materials
 620.168.2 Determination of number of constituents
 620.168.3 Testing of individual constituent characteristics of composite materials. Separation
 620.168.4 Determination of admixtures by nonchemical methods
 620.169.1 Endurance, durability tests in general
 620.169.2 Accelerated tests in general
 620.17 Measurement of mechanical properties of materials. Strength tests
 620.171 General questions
 620.171.3 Influence of external conditions. Environmental effects
 620.171.5 Photoelastic tests
 620.172 Tensile tests under steady or gradually increasing load
 620.172.2 Determination of test values and material characteristics
 620.172.21 Measurement of load and stress. Determination of deformation work
 620.172.22 Determination of elongation
 620.172.23 Determination of shrinkage, contraction, necking
 620.172.24 Determination of breaking load, breaking strength. Cross-section at failure. Phenomena of
fracture
 620.172.25 Tensile testing under particular conditions
 620.172.251 Tensile tests at various temperatures
o 620.172.251.1 At low temperatures. In cold
o 620.172.251.2 At high temperatures. In heat
 620.172.253 Tensile testing by centrifugal force
 620.172.254 High-speed tensile tests. Impact tensile tests
 620.173 Testing of compressive strength, with static or gradually increasing load. Compression tests.
Crushing tests
 620.173.2 Determination of test values and material characteristics
 620.174 Bending strength tests, with static or gradually increasing load. Flexure testing
 620.174.2 Determination of test values and material characteristics
 620.174.22 Determination of deflection, elastic limit, modulus of elasticity
 620.174.24 Determination of breaking load
 620.175 Testing of torsional strength, with static or gradually increasing load. Torsion, twisting,
rigidity tests
 620.175.2 Determination of test values and material characteristics
 620.175.22 Determination of torsion, elastic limit, modulus of rigidity
 620.175.6 Determination of number of twists
 620.176 Shear strength testing, with static or gradually increasing load. Shear tests. Punching tests
 620.176.2 Single and double shear tests. Shear resistance tests
 620.176.21 Single shear tests
 620.176.22 Double shear tests
 620.176.24 Determination of shear resistance
 620.176.25 Shear strength tests under particular conditions
 620.176.3 Punching tests with gradual loading
 620.176.5 Stamping tests
 620.177 Folding and bend tests. Doubling tests. Seaming tests
 620.177.6 Flexibility testing. To-and-fro, reverse bending tests
 620.178 Hardness testing. Wear testing. Brittleness testing
 620.178.1 Hardness testing. Wear testing
 620.178.12 Hardness testing by grinding
 620.178.13 Hardness testing by planing or filing
 620.178.14 Scratch hardness testing
 620.178.15 Determination of hardness by impression with balls, cones, pyramids, cylinders, prisms
 620.178.151 Generalities about the specimen, indenter and impression
 620.178.152 Impression methods. Indentation testing
 620.178.153 Impact hardness tests. Hardness testing by measurement of rebound
 620.178.154 Special hardness testing methods
 620.178.156 Various influences on hardness testing
 620.178.16 Wear testing
 620.178.2 Brittleness and toughness testing
 620.178.3 Strength testing with varying load. Repeated impact tests. Repeated dynamic stress tests.
Fatigue tests
 620.178.311 Generalities. Direction of stress. Effect of forces
 620.178.32 Kinds of repeated dynamic stress test. Alternating stress tests
 620.178.35 Repeated impact tests
 620.178.37 Fatigue tests at low temperatures
 620.178.38 Fatigue tests at various temperatures
 620.178.4 Tests under various multiple kinds of stress, similar to those occurring in service.
Determination of weak spots
 620.178.5 Testing for failure of vibrating parts. Testing for resistance to effects of vibration
 620.178.6 Tests under various kinds of stress similar to those occurring in working of materials
 620.178.7 Strength testing with impact load (percussion load)
 620.179 Nondestructive testing. Other kinds of test
 620.179.1 Nondestructive testing. Flaw detection
 620.179.2 Weldability testing. Testing for welding characteristics, safety
 620.179.3 Hardenability testing
 620.179.4 Adhesion testing
 620.179.5 Machinability testing. Workability testing
 620.179.7 Dimensional stability testing
 620.18 Investigation of structure of materials. Metallography. Analogous study of nonmetals
 620.181 Investigation of phase changes by thermal and other physical methods
 620.181.4 Investigation during cooling and heating. Thermal analysis
 620.181.5 Investigation at constant temperature. Isothermal changes
 620.182 Production of sections
 620.182.2 Preparation of sections
 620.182.6 Preservation and storage of specimens
 620.183 Revealing the structure
 620.183.1 By relief polishing
 620.183.2 By etching
 620.183.4 By printing methods
 620.183.6 Microradiography
 620.184 Macroscopic examination
 620.186 Microscopic examination. Observation of structure, texture
 620.187 Examination with electron microscope
 620.187.2 Obtaining direct images by electron reflection or emission
 620.187.3 Obtaining direct images by electron penetration
 620.187.5 Replica technique
 620.19 Material defects and their testing
 620.191 Surface defects
 620.191.3 Macroscopic irregularities
 620.191.31 Surface defects arising from forming, moulding
 620.191.32 Scaliness
 620.191.33 Tears. Cracks. Fissures
 620.191.34 Surface bubbles, blisters
 620.191.35 Surface defects developing after the forming process
 620.191.36 Perforation. Pitting. Worminess
 620.191.38 Tendency to bend, warp
 620.191.392 Smoothness. Slipperiness
 620.191.4 Microscopic irregularities
 620.191.5 Alteration of reflectivity
 620.191.7 Chromatic irregularities
 620.191.8 Crust formation
 620.192 Internal defects
 620.192.2 Alteration of consistency
 620.192.22 Hardening
 620.192.23 Softening
 620.192.24 Gelatinization
 620.192.25 Changes of viscosity. Thickening
 620.192.3 Alteration of homogeneity by foreign gaseous or liquid constituents. Inhomogeneities
 620.192.4 Alteration of structure
 620.192.41 By crystallization, vitrification
 620.192.42 By thermal changes
 620.192.43 Segregation. Liquation
 620.192.45 By solid foreign bodies, inclusions
 620.192.46 Internal cracks. Leakage
 620.192.47 Internal malformation
 620.192.5 Alteration of volume
 620.192.52 Shrinkage. Contraction
 620.192.53 Swelling. Expansion
 620.192.6 Other internal defects
 620.192.7 Complete disintegration
 620.193 Physical and chemical influences. Corrosion. Resistance to attack
 620.193.1 Mechanical action. Erosion
 620.193.12 By air currents. By wind
 620.193.13 By solid particles
 620.193.14 By flow of compressed gases
 620.193.15 By flow of liquids
 620.193.16 Cavitation
 620.193.19 Erosion, etc. as affected by permeability, absorptivity to liquids
 620.193.2 Atmospheric corrosion. Effect of air, water. Resistance
 620.193.21 Climatic effects in general
 620.193.22 Effects of air as such. Effects of oxygen
 620.193.23 Effect of air and water. Effect of humidity
 620.193.27 Effect of brine, salt water, seawater
 620.193.29 Permeability or imperviousness to air. Gas-tightness
 620.193.3 Effect of other oxidizing substances
 620.193.4 Chemical corrosion. Action of various agents
 620.193.41 Action of inorganic acids
 620.193.42 Action of inorganic (liquid) alkalis
 620.193.43 Action of molten salts
 620.193.46 Action of other inorganic substances
 620.193.47 Action of organic substances. Corrosion by organic substances
 620.193.472/.479 Corrosion by particular substances
 620.193.5 Action of hot gases, vapours
 620.193.6 Effect of radiation, including light
 620.193.7 Action of electric currents. Stray current corrosion. Corrosion with the local formation of
elements
 620.193.8 Biological action
 620.193.91 Effect of time
 620.193.92 Effect of ground, soil
 620.193.93 Effect of smelting, scorification, slagging
 620.193.94 Effect of temperature. Thermal destruction
 620.193.95 Attrition. Effect of use. Wear
 620.193.96 Effect of storage conditions
 620.194 Corrosion under additional mechanical influences
 620.194.2 Corrosion cracking
 620.194.22 Stress corrosion cracking
 620.194.23 Corrosion fatigue
 620.194.3 Fretting corrosion. False brinelling
 620.195 Influence of form and structure of the surface
 620.196 Influence of foreign bodies and impurities on corrosion. Special forms of corrosion
 620.196.2 Intercrystalline corrosion
 620.196.5 Influence of foreign bodies
 620.196.9 Other influences on corrosion
 620.197 Protection of materials
 620.197.2 Surface protection by treatment with chemicals. Passivation
 620.197.3 Protection by applying chemicals to the corrosive agent. Inhibitors
 620.197.5 Protection by electric and electrolytic processes. Cathodic protection
 620.197.6 Protection by coating, painting, etc.
 620.197.7 Protection by impregnation, by additives
 620.198 Properties and testing of coatings and protective layers
 620.199 Accelerated tests. Tests with exaggeration of natural conditions
 620.2 Commercial materials. Goods. Wares
 620.3 Nanotechnology
 620.9 Economics of energy in general
 621 Mechanical engineering in general. Nuclear technology. Electrical engineering. Machinery
 621.01 Mechanical engineering theory and principles. Mechanics as the basis of mechanical
engineering
 621.03 Physical principles of engineering and technology. Technological applications of physics in
general
 621.08 Simple or primitive machines
 621.1 Heat engines in general. Generation, distribution and use of steam. Steam engines. Boilers
 621.22 Hydraulic energy. Water power. Hydraulic machinery
 621.3 Electrical engineering
 621.4 Heat engines (except steam engines)
 621.5 Pneumatic energy, machinery and tools. Refrigeration
 621.6 Fluids handling, storage and distribution plant and techniques
 621.7 Mechanical technology in general: processes, tools, machines, equipment
 621.7.01/.09 Special auxiliary subdivision for mechanical technology
 621.71 Tolerances. Tool making. Assembling
 621.73/.77 Chipless working
 621.78 Heating for working. Heat treatment. Hardening
 621.79 Joining of materials. Surface treatment and finishing. Keeping and storing. Packing and
packaging
 621.791/.792 Joining of materials
 621.791 Welding and allied techniques
 621.791.021 Seam preparation. Forming the edges
 621.791.03 Welding plant and equipment
 621.791.033 Soldering irons, copper bits, etc.
 621.791.034 Blowpipes. Blowlamps. Torches, lances, etc.
 621.791.035 Gas welding and cutting appliances
 621.791.036 Thermit welding and cutting appliances
 621.791.037 Electric welding and cutting appliances
 621.791.039 Accessory equipment
 621.791.04 Filler materials and fluxes
 621.791.042 Welding fillers and soldering fillers in rod or wire form. Rod electrodes. Wire electrodes
 621.791.044 Welding fillers and soldering fillers in sheet ore plate form. Sheet electrodes. Plate
electrodes
 621.791.046 Welding fillers and soldering fillers in powder or bonded form
 621.791.048 Fluxes
 621.791.05 Joints. Welds. Cuts
 621.791.051 Zones
 621.791.052 Joints
o 621.791.052.2 Lap joints
o 621.791.052.4 Butt joints
o 621.791.052.6 Strap joints
 621.791.053 Welds
o 621.791.053.2 Filler welds
o 621.791.053.3 Plug welds
o 621.791.053.4 Slot welds
o 621.791.053.5 Edge welds
o 621.791.053.6 Butt welds with filler material
o 621.791.053.7 Narrow slot welds
o 621.791.053.9 Wells without filler material
 621.791.054 Cuts
 621.791.1 Welding by application of purely mechanical energy
 621.791.3 Soldering. Brazing. Bronze-welding (braze-welding)
 621.791.31 Process according to heat carrier
o 621.791.311 Solid body
o 621.791.312 Liquid
o 621.791.313 Gas
o 621.791.317 Electric current
o 621.791.318 Beam
 621.791.35/.37 Process according to minimum surface soldering temperature (liquidus temperature)
o 621.791.35 Soft soldering (fusible solder below 450o)
o 621.791.36 Hard soldering
o 621.791.37 High temperature soldering (fusible solder over 900oC)
 621.791.4 Welding by application of both heat and mechanical energy
 621.791.42 Forge welding (hammer welding)
 621.791.44 Heated-tool welding of metals
 621.791.46/.48 Welding of plastics
o 621.791.46 Direct heated-tool welding
o 621.791.47 Indirect heated tool welding
o 621.791.48 Hot gas welding. Hot air welding
 621.791.5 Autogenous welding. Gas welding
 621.791.55 Gas fusion welding
 621.791.56 Gas pressure welding
 621.791.6 Mould welding. Thermit welding (non-pressure Goldschmidt aluminothermic process)
 621.791.7 Beam and electric welding
 621.791.72 Beam welding. Particle beam or laser beam welding
 621.791.75 Arc welding (arc-fusion welding)
o 621.791.752 Open arc welding
o 621.791.753 Submerged-arc welding
o 621.791.754 Arc welding with protective gas
o 621.791.755 Plasma welding (tungsten plasma welding)
 621.791.76/.79 Resistance welding
 621.791.9 Techniques related to welding
 621.791.92 Overlaying. Building-up. Hard-facing
 621.791.94 Thermal cutting
 621.792 Joining by adhesion
 621.793/.795 Surface treatment
 621.796 Keeping. Storing. Warehousing
 621.798 Packing and packaging equipment. Packs, containers, materials, machines, etc.
 621.8 Machine elements. Motive power engineering. Materials handling. Fixings. Lubrication
 621.9 Working or machining with chip formation. Abrasive working. Hammers and presses
 622 Mining
 623 Military engineering
 624 Civil and structural engineering in general
 625 Civil engineering of land transport. Railway engineering. Highway engineering
 626/627 Hydraulic engineering and construction. Water (aquatic) structures
 628 Public health engineering. Water. Sanitation. Illuminating engineering
 629 Transport vehicle engineering
 63 Agriculture and related sciences and techniques. Forestry. Farming. Wildlife exploitation
 64 Home economics. Domestic science. Housekeeping
 65/68 Manufacturing industries, trades and crafts
 65 Communication and transport industries. Accountancy. Business management. Public relations
 66 Chemical technology. Chemical and related industries
 66.01/.09 Special auxiliary subdivision for chemical engineering
 661 Chemicals
 662 Explosives. Fuels
 663 Industrial microbiology. Industrial mycology. Zymurgy, fermentation industry. Beverage industry.
Stimulant industry
 664 Production and preservation of solid foodstuffs
 665 Oils. Fats. Waxes. Adhesives. Gums. Resins
 666 Glass industry. Ceramics. Cement and concrete
 667 Colour industries
 669 Metallurgy
 669-1 Special auxiliary table for state of the metal or alloy, according to treatment
 669-11 Metals in natural state
 669-122 Rolled metals
 669-124 Drawn metals
 669-126 Extruded metals
 669-13 Worked or wrought metals. Hot-formed metals
 669-14 Cast metals
 669-15 Heat-treated metals
 669-17 Metals structurally modified (chiefly crystal structure) by means other than heat treatment
alone
 669-19 Metals characterized by other special features
 669-2/-9 Details of machinery, plant and products
 669.01/.09 Metallurgical properties, processes and equipment
 669.01 Metallurgy in general
 669.04 Heating, melting and refining processes and plant
 669.05 Metallurgical processes and resultant characteristics
 669.051 Generalities on ores and metallurgy
 669.052 Generalities on treatment of ore mixtures
 669.053 Extraction from ores. Extraction metallurgy
 669.054 Purification. Refining. Recovery
 669.055 Alloys
 669.056 Fabrication and finishing of metals and alloys
 669.057 Uses, applications of specific metals and alloys
 669.058 Metals and/or alloys applied as finish (on metal or any other material)
 669.09 Other metallurgical processes
 669.1 Ferrous metallurgy. Iron and steel
 669.11 Iron and its alloys with carbon alone
 669.12 Pure iron
 669.13 Cast iron
 669.14 Alloys of iron with carbon (other than cast iron). Steel in general
 669.141 Steels according to method of production
 669.141.1 Steels produced by direct processes
 669.141.2 Wrought iron made by the decarburization of pig iron. Steel made by the decarburization of
pig iron or by remelting of scrap
 669.141.22 Wrought iron
 669.141.23 Damask steel
 669.141.24 Mild steel
 669.141.25 Steel for castings
 669.141.3 Carburized steel. Cemented steel. Shear steel
 669.146 Fabrication and finishing of steel
 669.148 Steel (and alloy steel) applied as coating
 669.15 Alloys of iron with elements other than carbon. Alloy steel. Alloyed cast iron. Ferroalloys
 669.15-192 Carbon-free ferrous alloys
 669.15-194 Low-carbon ferrous alloys. Alloy steels
 669.15-194.2 Low-alloy steels
 669.15-194.3 High-alloy steels
 669.15-194.5 Steels according to structure
 669.15-194.52 Hypoeutectoid. Hypopearlitic
 669.15-194.53 Eutectoid. Pearlitic
 669.15-194.54 Hypereutectoid. Hyperpearlitic
 669.15-194.55 Martensitic
 669.15-194.56 Austenitic
 669.15-194.57 Ferritic
 669.15-194.58 Ledeburitic
 669.15-194.591 Bainitic
 669.15-196 High-carbon ferrous alloys. Alloyed cast iron
 669.15-198 Ferroalloys
 669.16 Production of pig iron and ferroalloys
 669.17 Production of pure iron
 669.18 Production of steel
 669.2/.8 Nonferrous metallurgy. Nonferrous metals
 67 Various industries, trades and crafts
 68 Industries, crafts and trades for finished or assembled articles
 69 Building (construction) trade. Building materials. Building practice and procedure
o 7 ARTS. RECREATION. SPORT
o 8 LANGUAGE. LINGUISTICS. LITERATURE
o 9 GEOGRAPHY. BIOGRAPHY. HISTORY