Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Guidelines Review: July 2013
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Guidelines Review: July 2013
disorder (PTSD)
guidelines review
report
July 2013
Contents
Executive Summary
Working Group Members
Project Support
Background
Introduction
Purpose
Methodology
Stage 1: Establishing working group
Stage 2: Undertaking the literature review
Stage 3: AGREE II survey development
Stage 4: Guideline review
Stage 5: Data analysis and results
Data definitions
5.1 Step A: AGREE II survey items
5.1.1 Comparing the rating average scores of the guidelines
5.1.2 Comparing mean, median and mode for the guidelines reviewed
5.1.3 Comparing average rating scores of guidelines for each domain
5.1.4 Comparing average rating scores of domains in each guideline
5.1.5 Comparing the rating average scores for AGREE II items for PTSD guidelines
5.2 Step B: Overall assessment
5.2.1 Comparing the overall quality of the guidelines
5.2.2 Percentage of reviewers recommending the guideline/s for use
Conclusion – Limitations of process
References
Appendices
1. PTSD Guidelines survey report
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Executive Summary
This report details the process, methodology and data analysis of the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Clinical Guidelines
Review Project.
The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument formed a significant part of the appraisal
process and was selected because of its ease of use as a standardized framework. AGREE II assesses the
methodological rigour and transparency in which a guideline has been developed. The 23 key items in AGREE II are
organized within 6 domains and each domain captures a unique dimension of the quality of the guideline.
It is worth acknowledging that the AGREE II tool focuses more strongly on certain aspects of guideline production such
as breath of participation by consumers and carers and arguably less on scientific rigour of the guideline process. The
reviewers also noted that the guidelines included were heterogenous in both the population of focus (e.g. veterans,
military personnel) and the range of disorders for inclusion of PTSD. Given all these factors results are presented as raw
data with simple descriptive statistics only. The following guidelines were reviewed:
1. Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder;
Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (ACPMH); 2013
2. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder;
Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (US Department of Health and Human Services (AHRQ); 2008
3. ‘The Last Frontier’ Practice guidelines for treatment of complex trauma and trauma informed care and service
delivery; Adults Surviving Child Abuse (ASCA); 2012
4. The ISTSS Expert Consensus Treatment Guidelines For Complex PTSD In Adults; International Society for
Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS); November 2012
5. Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults, Second Edition; American Psychiatric Association (APA) Practice Guidelines,
November 2004 and a Guideline Watch; March 2009
6. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of post-traumatic stress, Department of Veterans Affairs and
Department of Defense ; October 2010
7. Effective treatments for PTSD: Second Edition; Practice guidelines from International Society for Traumatic
Stress Studies (ISTSS); 2010
8. The management of PTSD in adults and children in primary and secondary care; National Institute for Clinical
Excellence (NICE); March 2005
9. Management of Anxiety Disorder; Clinical practice guidelines; Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; Vol 51,
Supplement 2 Chapter 8; July 2006
The conclusion of the working group is that all of the guidelines reviewed have utility and are appropriate for use. The
Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (ACPMH) guidelines are produced locally and this may be most
relevant for the use in the Australian and New Zealand context. It is noteworthy that the evidence reviewed in all
guidelines was broadly similar.
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Working Group Members
Dr Brian White
Dr John Collier
Dr Man-Pui Eddie So
Dr Bradley Ng
Project Support
3
Background
Stressful life threatening events such as combat, interpersonal violence, traffic accidents, and disasters are a part of
normal human experience. Occurrence of these events has long been associated with the onset of, or deterioration of
mental health conditions. Amongst these conditions are those more specifically related to trauma including Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD has historically been considered as one of the anxiety disorders but in most recent
classification, DSM V it has been included in the new category Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders (APA 2013) that
occurs following involvement in traumatic events which involve actual or threatened loss of life. The typical symptoms of
PTSD include re-experiencing the traumatic event in the form of nightmares or flashbacks; hyper-arousal with symptoms
such as anxiety, insomnia and irritability; together with the avoidance of reminders of the traumatic events. Symptoms of
PTSD may vary dependent on the age, culture, and other challenges faced by the individual affected but are not
necessarily different depending upon the nature of the trauma. PTSD is very frequently associated with comorbidities
including depression and substance misuse.
PTSD has been discovered to be a relatively common disorder with recent Australian data suggesting a 12 month point
prevalence in Australia of 6.4% (Slade et al, 2007). PTSD has also been shown to be associated with significant
impairment of physical health, significant overall disability affecting areas such as relationship, employment and also is
associated with the risk of tragic outcomes such as suicide (Kramer et, 1994).
Knowledge around the effective treatment for PTSD and related disorders has expanded dramatically since
investigations began to evolve in the 1980s. This expansion has been reflected in the development of a broad range of
international guidelines representing a range of interested organisations. In considering the approach of RANZCP to
presenting a local prospective on treatment in this area, it was concluded that the most appropriate process was a review
and summary of the utility of the existing guideline.
This was based on the principle that the College may be duplicating effort in producing RANZCP guidelines in all areas
of mental health. After an initial scan to ascertain the existing guideline environment, it was decided that a Guideline
Portal housed on the College website would be able to proactively provide psychiatrists with up-to-date, relevant
information on appropriate practice without the financial and administrative burden of continual guideline development.
This process has also been employed by the RANZCP in other therapeutic areas, including Adult ADHD and Self-harm.
Introduction
This report details the process and methodology used in the PTSD project.
The scope of this project initially was limited to guidelines on PTSD, however, it was then determined by the working
group that the guidelines including Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Trauma and Complex PTSD should be included for
review.
The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument formed a significant part of the appraisal
process and was selected because of its ease of use as a standardized framework that is applicable to all the above
topic areas.
The AGREE II consists of 23 key items organized within 6 domains followed by 2 global rating items (“Overall
Assessment”). Each domain captures a unique dimension of guideline quality.
Domain 1: Scope and Purpose is concerned with the overall aim of the guideline, the specific health questions,
and the target population (items 1-3).
Domain 2: Stakeholder Involvement focuses on the extent to which the guideline was developed by the
appropriate stakeholders and represents the views of its intended users (items 4-6).
Domain 3: Rigour of Development relates to the process used to gather and synthesize the evidence, the
methods to formulate the recommendations, and to update them (items 7-14).
Domain 4: Clarity of presentation deals with the language, structure, and format of the guideline (items 15-17).
Domain 5: Applicability pertains to the likely barriers and facilitators to implementation, strategies to improve
uptake, and resource implications of applying the guideline (items 18-21).
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Domain 6: Editorial Independence is concerned with the formulation of recommendations not being unduly
biased with competing interests (items 22-23).
Overall assessment includes the rating of the quality of the guideline and whether the guideline would be recommended
for use in practice.
Rating Scale
Each of the AGREE II items and the two global rating items are rated on a 7-point scale (1–strongly disagree to 7–
strongly agree).
Although the domain scores are useful for comparing guidelines and will inform whether a guideline should be
recommended for use, no minimum domain scores or patterns of scores have been set across domains to differentiate
between high quality and poor quality guidelines. These decisions should be made by the user and guided by the context
in which AGREE II is being used.
Overall Assessment
Upon completing the 23 items, AGREE II users is required to provide 2 overall assessments of the guideline. The overall
assessment requires the user to make a judgment as to the quality of the guideline, taking into account the criteria
considered in the assessment process. The user is also asked whether he/she would recommend use of the guideline.
Purpose
The purpose of the PTSD project was to:
review and appraise existing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) guidelines using AGREE II to decide on the
most appropriate guideline for Australian and New Zealand psychiatrists;
develop a factsheet based on the guideline endorsed to assist with implementation of the guidelines in an
Australian and New Zealand context; and
develop a video to assist with implementation of the guidelines in an Australian and New Zealand context.
The PTSD project commenced in December 2012 and is due for its completion in August 2013.
Methodology
All members of the working group signed the College ‘Deed of Undertaking in Relation to Confidential Information and
Conflict of Interest’.
The monthly meetings were held through teleconferences and WebEx.
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Stage 2: Undertaking the literature review
A literature search was conducted using the ‘Google’ search engine. The search terms included ‘guidelines for Post-
traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)’, ‘guidelines for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)’, ‘guidelines for Trauma and Complex
PTSD’. The literature search identified nine national and international guidelines from a number of sources and all were
selected for the guideline review process using AGREE II.
1. guidelines should be suitable for use in Australia and New Zealand or should have sufficient information
attached to ensure they adhere to Australian standards
2. guidelines should be current (published within the last 5 years at the time of review)
3. the full guideline should be available to download with permission to link to the guideline portal
4. guidelines included in the portal should be from a reputable source (colleges, universities and standard bodies)
5. guidelines should be relevant to the practice of psychiatry, and will have been developed with input from
consumers and carers
6. guidelines should be consistent with scientific literature and scientific evidence published in peer reviewed
journals.
Disclaimer: RANZCP is not responsible for the content of the guideline and has not independently reviewed the impact of
the guideline on successful treatment of patients beyond the requirements of the AGREE framework
1. Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder;
Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (ACPMH); 2013
2. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder;
Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (US Department of Health and Human Services (AHRQ); 2008
3. ‘The Last Frontier’ Practice guidelines for treatment of complex trauma and trauma informed care and service
delivery; Adults Surviving Child Abuse (ASCA); 2012
4. The ISTSS Expert Consensus Treatment Guidelines For Complex PTSD In Adults; International Society for
Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS); November 2012
5. Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults, Second Edition; American Psychiatric Association (APA) Practice Guidelines,
November 2004 and a Guideline Watch; March 2009
6. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of post-traumatic stress, Department of Veterans Affairs and
Department of Defense ; October 2010
7. Effective treatments for PTSD: Second Edition; Practice guidelines from International Society for Traumatic
Stress Studies (ISTSS); 2010
8. The management of PTSD in adults and children in primary and secondary care; National Institute for Clinical
Excellence (NICE); March 2005
9. Management of Anxiety Disorder; Clinical practice guidelines; Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; Vol 51,
Supplement 2 Chapter 8; July 2006
Although the selection criteria stated that the guidelines should be published within the last five years at the time of
review (point 2, selection criteria), the working group decided to review all the PTSD guidelines for a broader
comparison. NICE 2005 and Canadian 2006 are over the five-year stipulation.
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Instructions for use
Please refer to the PDF "Appraisal of Guidelines For Research and Evaluation II" for comprehensive information on
each of the items and explanation of the rating scale.
Rating Scale
Each of the AGREE II items and the two global rating items are rated on a 7point scale (1 Strongly Disagree to 7
Strongly Agree.
Score 1 (Strongly Disagree) when there is no information that is relevant to the AGREE II item or if the concet is very
poorly reported.
Score 7 (Strongly Agree) when the quality of reporting is exceptional and where the full criteria and considerations
have been met.
Score between 2 and 6 when the reporting of the AGREE II item does not meet the full criteria or considerations. A
score is assigned depending upon the completeness and quality of reporting. Scores increase as more criteria are
met and considerations addressed.
It is the responsibility of the appraiser to review the entire guideline and accompanying material(s) to ensure a fair
evaluation.
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DOMAIN 1: SCOPE AND PURPOSE
Scope and Purpose (Items 13) is concerned with the overall objective(s)of the guideline, the specific clinical
questions and the target population.
Rating scale
1 Strongly Disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Somewhat Disagree, 4Uncertain, 5 Somewhat Agree,
6 Agree, 7Strongly Agree.
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are
specifically described
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Agree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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DOMAIN 2: STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT
Stakeholder Involvement (items 46) focuses on the views and preferences sought from the target population and are
clearly defined in the guideline.
Rating scale
1 Strongly Disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Somewhat Disagree, 4Uncertain, 5 Somewhat Agree,
6 Agree, 7Strongly Agree.
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant
professional groups
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Agree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been
sought.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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DOMAIN 3: RIGOUR OF DEVELOPMENT
Rigour of Development (Items 714) relates to the method and criteria used for gathering the evidence, to formulate
the recommendations and procedures for updating the guideline.
Rating scale
1 Strongly Disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Somewhat Disagree, 4Uncertain, 5 Somewhat Agree,
6 Agree, 7Strongly Agree.
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disgree Agree
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Comments
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the
recommendations.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting
evidence.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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DOMAIN 4: CLARITY OF PRESENTATION
Clarity of Presentation (items 1518) focuses on whether the recommendations are easily identifiable, are specific an
clearly presented.
Rating scale
1 Strongly Disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Somewhat Disagree, 4Uncertain, 5 Somewhat Agree,
6 Agree, 7Strongly Agree.
15. The recommendations are specific and unambiguous
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree disagree Agree
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16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly
presented.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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DOMAIN 5:APPLICABILITY
Applicability (items 1821) pertains to any implications of applying the recommendations and advice on how the
recommendations can be put into practice.
Rating scale
1 Strongly Disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Somewhat Disagree, 4Uncertain, 5 Somewhat Agree,
6 Agree, 7Strongly Agree.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be
put into practice.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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Comments
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been
considered.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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DOMAIN 6: EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE
Editorial independence (items 2223) is pertains to any acknowledgment of possible conflict of interest from the
guideline development group.
Rating scale
1 Strongly Disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Somewhat Disagree, 4Uncertain, 5 Somewhat Agree,
6 Agree, 7Strongly Agree.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree disagree Agree
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23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded
and addressed.
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat
Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree
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OVERALL GUIDELINE ASSESSMENT
The overall assessment requires the AGREE II user to make a judgement as to the quality of the guideline.
6
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Stage 4: Guideline review
The Chair equitably allocated the guidelines to two review groups after taking into consideration the length of each of the
guidelines.
The working group members who reviewed the international and national clinical practice guidelines on PTSD and
critiqued guidelines for their inclusion on the portal included:
Professor Warwick Middleton
Dr John Collier
Dr Man-Pui Eddie So
Dr Deborah Julie Wearne
Dr Bradley Ng
Ms Janne McMahon (Consumer and Carer representative)
Mr Norm Wotherspoon (Consumer representative)
To mitigate potential conflicts of interest, members of the working group who have contributed to a guideline were
excluded from reviewing that specific guideline.
During the process of review, the working group discussed the limits of the power of the AGREE II process when
performed by a relatively small number of reviewers. The working group also noted that, with the few exceptions the
spread of overall ratings and rating of specific guidance with the AGREE II was relatively narrow across the guidelines. It
was thus considered most appropriate to present raw data without statistical analysis beyond expression of simple
descriptive statistics. Further, it was felt appropriate to make available ratings of all guidelines rather than definitive
statements of rank order.
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Stage 5: Data analysis and results
Data definitions
Box 1 below details the data analysis definitions and describes how the data were calculated
Box 1
1. RATING AVERAGE refers to the average/mean of the rating average.
Rating Scale: All AGREE II items are rated on the following 7-point scale:
e.g.
Rating Average = [Agree (6) * Number of people Agree] + [Strongly Agree (7) * Number of people strongly Agree]
/Total Number of Respondents
= [6*1] + [7 *5]/6
= 6.83
Rating Average = [Uncertain (4) * Number of people Uncertain] + [Strongly Agree (7) * Number of people strongly
Agree] /Total Number of Respondents
= [4*3] + [7*3]/6
= 5.50
2. MEAN refers to the ‘average’ which is the sum of ‘Rating Average’ of all the AGREE II items divided by the
total number of items in the survey (n=25).
3. MEDIAN refers to the ‘middle value’ which separates the higher half of the data from the lower half.
% of reviewer = Number of respondents who said ‘Yes’ * 100 / Total number of respondents
% of reviewer = Number of respondents who said ‘NO’ * 100 / Total number of respondents
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The AGREE II survey consists of 23 key items organized within 6 domains followed by 2 global rating items that are
categorised under ‘Overall Assessment’, therefore the data for the appraisal of the guideline is analysed in two steps.
Step A: AGREE II survey items which included 23 key items (6 domains), and
Step B: Overall assessment which included the rating of the overall quality of the guideline and whether the
guideline would be recommended for use in practice.
Graph 1 shows the rating average scores of each of the nine guidelines.
5.94 5.87
6 5.56
5.22
4.9 4.97 4.89
5 4.77
Average Scores
4.3
0
ACPMH AHRQ APA ASCA Canadian ISTSS ISTSS PTSD NICE VD/DoD
Complex
PTSD
Comments
The overall rating average scores were recorded highest in ACPMH guideline (n= 5.94), followed by NICE
guideline (n=5.87) and VD/DoD guideline (n= 5.56).
The lowest overall rating average score was recorded in ASCA guideline (n= 4.3).
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5.1.2 Comparing mean, median and mode for the guidelines reviewed
Although the overall rating average scores (as in graph 1) were highest in the ACPMH guideline (n= 5.94), followed by
NICE guideline (n=5.87) and by VD/DoD guideline (n= 5.56), the highest median value of n= 6.33 was recorded in
VD/DoD, followed by ACPMH n=6.22 and NICE guideline (n=6.0).
Graph 2: Comparing mean, median and mode for the guidelines reviewed
7
6.67
6.38 6.25 6.33 6.33
6 6 6
5 5
4.75
Scores
0 ISTSS
ACPMH AHRQ APA ASCA Canadian Complex ISTSS PTSD NICE VD/DoD
PTSD
Mean 5.95 4.91 4.99 4.34 5.22 4.93 4.79 5.9 5.57
Median 6.22 5.25 5.33 4.16 5.67 5 4.97 6 6.33
Mode 6.38 6.25 6 4.75 6.33 5 6 6.33 6.67
Comments
The highest mean value of n=5.95 was recorded in ACPMH and NICE guidelines (n=5.9) followed by VD/DoD
guideline (n=5.57).
The mode value of ≥ 6.5 occurs more frequently in VD/DoD guideline.
The mode value of ≥ 6.0 occurs more frequently in ACPMH, AHRQ, Canadian and NICE guideline.
The mode value of ≤ 5.0 occurs more frequently in ISTSS Complex PTSD and ASCA guideline.
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5.1.3 Comparing average rating scores of guidelines for each domain
Graphs 1 and 2 compare the overall rating average scores of all 6 domains of the AGREE II tool and graph 3 compares
the rating average scores of each domain in each guideline.
The 23 items in AGREE II are organized within 6 domains and each domain captures a unique dimension of the quality
of the guideline.
0
Domain 1 Scope and Domain 2 Stakeholder Domain 3 Rigour of Domain 4 Clarity Domain 5 Applicability Domain 6 Editorial
Purpose involvement development Independence
ACPMH AHRQ APA ASCA Canadian ISTSS Complex PTSD ISTSS PTSD NICE VD/DoD
Comments
The overall average scores for domain 1 which defines scope and purpose (items 1-3 in the AGREE II survey)
is highest in ACPMH (n=6.83) and in VD/DoD (n= 6.67) and lowest in ASCA and ISTSS PTSD (n= 6.0)
compared to all the guidelines.
The overall average scores for domain 2 which defines stakeholder involvement (items 4-6 in the AGREE II
survey) is highest in ACPMH (n=6.22) and in ASCA and NICE (n=6.0). The stakeholder involvement has been
found lowest in AHRQ guideline (n=4.08).
The overall average scores for domain 3 which defines the rigour of development of the guideline (items 7-14 in
the AGREE II survey) is highest in ACPMH (n=6.48) and NICE (n=6.16) and lowest in ASCA guideline (n=3.71).
The overall average scores for domain 4 which defines the clarity in presentation of the guideline (items 15-17
in the AGREE II survey) is highest in ACPMH (n=6.45) and NICE (n=6.44) and lowest in ASCA guideline (n =
4.17).
The overall average scores for domain 5 which defines applicability (items 18- 21 in the AGREE II survey) is
highest in NICE (n= 5.62), VD/DoD (n=5.5) and ACPMH (n= 5.25) and lowest in AHRQ (n=3.3).
The overall average scores for domain 6 which defines editorial independence (items 22- 23) is highest in NICE
(n=6.0) and AHRQ (n=5.12) and lowest in ASCA (n=3.3), VD/DoD (n=3.59) and Canadian (n= 3.5).
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5.1.4 Comparing average rating scores of domains in each guideline
Similar to graph 3, graph 4 compares the rating average scores of each domain against each guideline.
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Average rating scores
0
ACPMH AHRQ APA ASCA Canadian ISTSS Complex ISTSS PTSD NICE VD/DoD
PTSD
Domain 1 Scope and Purpose Domain 2 Stakeholder involvement Domain 3 Rigour of development
Comments
The scores for the NICE guideline are consistently higher in all the domains (average score per domain ≥ 6.0)
except in domain 5 (n= 5.6).
ACPMH scored high in domains 1- 4 (average score per domain > 6.0), domain 5 and 6 scored < 5.5.
AHRQ scored high in domain 1 (n=6.25), domain 3, 4 and 6 scored ≥ 5.0 per domain, whereas domains 2
scored ≤ 4.0. Domain 5 scored the lowest (n=3.3).
APA scored high in domain 1 (n=6.11), domain 3 and 4 scored > 5.0, whereas domain 2 and 5 scored < 5.0.
ASCA scored high in domains 1 and 2 (n=6.0), whereas domains 3- 5 scored ≤ 4.17 and domain 6 scored the
lowest (n= 3.3).
Canadian guideline scored high in domains 1 and 4 (n=6.22), domains 2 and 3 scored ≤ 5.65, domain 5 scored
4.5 and domain 6 scored the lowest (n=3.5).
Domain 1 in ISTSS Complex PTSD guideline scored highest (n= 6.33) compared to domains 2- 6 which scored
≤ 5.22.
ISTSS PTSD scored high in domains 1 and 4 ≤ 6.0, domains 2 and 3 scored < 5.0 and domains 5 and 6 scored
< 4.0.
VD/DoD scored high in domains 1, 3 and 4 (n ≥ 6.0), domain 2 and 5 scored ≤ 5.55 whereas domain 6 scored
the lowest (n= 3.59).
21
5.1.5 Comparing the rating average scores for AGREE II items for PTSD guidelines
The above graphs 3 & 4 compares the domains in each guideline, however, graph 5 below compares the rating average
scores of each item (within domains) per guideline.
VD/DoD 6.67 6.67 6.67 5.33 4.67 6.33 6.67 6.67 6.33 6.67 6.67 6.33 3.33 5.33 6.33 6.33 6.67 6.33 6.33 4.33 5 3.67 3.5
NICE 6.33 6.33 6.33 6.33 5.33 6.33 6 6 6.33 6.33 6 6 6.33 6.33 6 6 6.33 5.33 5.67 6 5.5 6.33 5.67
ISTSS PTSD 6.2 5.8 6 4.8 3.6 5.6 6 5 6 5.2 4.6 5.2 4.4 3.4 6 5.6 6.2 4.2 4.4 3.6 2.8 4.2 3.8
ISTSS
6.33 6.33 6.33 5 4 6 5.67 6 5.67 5.33 4.67 5 4 3.33 5.67 5 5 4.67 5 4 3.67 4.67 4.67
Complex PTSD
Canadian 6.33 6.33 6 4.67 4.67 6.33 5.5 5.33 5.67 6 5.67 6 6.33 4.67 6.33 6 6.33 5 5.67 3.67 3.67 3.673.33
ASCA 6.5 5.25 6.25 5.75 6.25 6 3.253.25 3 3.5 3.75 4.75 5.5 2.75 4.75 3 4.75 4.75 5.5 2.752.753.75 3
APA 6 6.33 6 4 3.67 6 6 6 4.33 5.67 5.67 6 3.33 4.67 5.67 5.67 5.67 4.33 5.33 4 3.33 5.33 4
AHRQ 6.5 6 6.25 3.752.75 5.75 6.25 6.25 5.25 5 5.5 5.75 4.75 4.5 5.5 6 5.75 4 2.753.253.25 4.75 5.5
ACPMH 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.5 5.5 6.67 6.83 6.83 6.83 6.17 6.83 7 6.17 5.17 6.5 6.67 6.17 5.5 5.17 5.17 5.17 5.33 4.33
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 Item 8 Item 9 Item 10 Item 11 Item 12
Item 13 Item 14 Item 15 Item 16 Item 17 Item 18 Item 19 Item 20 Item 21 Item 22 Item 23
Comments
The rating average scores for ACPMH guideline items ranges from 7.0 – 4.33 (mode, n= 6.83).
The rating average scores for NICE guideline items ranges from 6.33 – 5.33 (mode, n= 6.33).
The rating average score for Canadian guideline items ranges from 6.33 – 3.33 (mode, n= 6.33).
The rating average scores VD/DoD guideline items ranges from 6.67 – 3.33 (mode, n= 6.67).
The rating average scores AHRQ guideline items ranges from 6.5 – 2.75 (mode, n= 6.25).
The rating average score for ISTSS PTSD guideline items ranges from 6.2 – 2.8 (mode, n= 6.0).
The rating average score for ISTSS Complex PTSD guideline items ranges from 6.33 – 3.33 (mode, n= 5.0).
The rating average score for APA guideline items ranges from 6.33 – 3.33 (mode, n= 6.0).
The rating average score for ASCA guideline items ranges from 6.5 – 3.0 (mode, n= 4.75).
22
5.2 Step B: Overall assessment.
The above data and graphs depicted the rating per item, per domain and overall rating average score of the AGREE II
tool, which proposed the top scored guidelines. Graphs 6 and 7 below emphasise the overall assessment which includes
the rating of the overall quality of the guideline (Item 24) and whether the guideline should be recommended for use in
practice (Item 25).
Item 24 (Rate the overall quality of the guideline) allowed the reviewer to make a judgement about the quality of the
guideline and was rated on a 7-point scale ranging from lowest possible quality (1) to highest possible quality (7).
5.33 6.17
6
5.25
5.2 5
4.25
5
5.67
ACPMH AHRQ APA ASCA Canadian ISTSS Complex PTSD ISTSS PTSD NICE VD/DoD
ISTSS
Domain ACPMH AHRQ APA ASCA Canadian Complex ISTSS PTSD NICE VD/DoD
Item 24 6.17 5.25 5 4.25 5.67 5 5.2 6 5.33
Comments
The highest value of n= 6.17 was recorded for the ACPMH guideline, followed by the NICE guideline (n=6.0),
and Canadian guideline (n=5.67).
The lowest value of n = 4.25 was recorded for the ASCA guideline.
23
Following the assessment of the quality of the guideline, item 25 required the reviewers’ opinion on guideline
recommendation for use.
Item 25 (‘I would recommend this guideline for use’) required reviewers to respond as ‘Yes’, ‘No’, ‘Yes, with
modifications’.
Graph 7 compares the percentage of reviewers’ response in relation to whether they would recommend the guideline/s
for use.The percentage was calculated based on the numbers of respondents for each guideline.
100%
90%
80%
Percentage of responses
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
ACPMH AHRQ ASCA ISTSS VD/DoD ISTSS Canadian APA NICE
PTSD Complex
PTSD
No (%) 16.7 50 50 20 0 0 0 66.7 33.3
Yes, with modification (%) 0 25 50 20 0 33.3 66.7 0 0
Yes (%) 83.3 25 0 60 100 66.7 33.3 33.3 66.7
Comments
100% of reviewers (n=3) determined that VD/DoD guideline can be recommended for use.
83.3% of reviewers (n=6) determined that ACPMH guideline can be recommended for use, whereas 16.7% (1
reviewer) did not suggest recommending this guideline for use.
66.7% of reviewers (n=3) determined that NICE guideline can be recommended for use, whereas 33.3% (1
reviewer) did not suggest recommending this guideline for use.
66.7% of reviewers (n=3) determined that ISTSS Complex PTSD guideline can be recommended for use,
whereas 33.3% (1 reviewer) suggest recommending this guideline for use with modification.
60% of reviewers (n=5) determined that ISTSS PTSD guideline can be recommended for use, whereas 20% (1
reviewer) suggest recommending this guideline for use with modification, and 20% (1 reviewer) did not suggest
recommending this guideline for use.
50% of reviewers (n=4) suggest recommending ASCA guideline for use with modification, whereas 50% (2
reviewers) did not suggest recommending this guideline for use.
33.3% of reviewers (n=3) determined that APA guideline can be recommended for use, whereas 66.7% (2
reviewers) did not suggest recommending this guideline for use.
33.3% of reviewers (n=3) determined that Canadian guideline can be recommended for use, whereas 66.7% (2
reviewers) suggest recommending this guideline for use with modification.
25% of reviewers (n=4) determined that AHRQ guideline can be recommended for use, 25% (1 reviewer)
suggest recommending this guideline for use with modification, whereas 50% (2 reviewers) did not suggest
recommending this guideline for use.
24
The overall analysis of the graphs (6 and 7) above indicates the top guidelines:
ACPMH, NICE and Canadian guidelines based on the quality of the guideline
VD/DoD, ACPMH and NICE and ISTSS Complex PTSD guidelines based on recommendation for use.
Conclusion
This review is limited by the scope of the review, particularly the number of reviewers involved. Also it was worth
acknowledging that the AGREE II tool focuses more strongly on certain aspects of guideline production such as breath of
participation by consumers and carers and arguably less on scientific rigour of the guideline process. The reviewers also
noted that the guidelines included were heterogeneous in both the population of focus (eg veterans, military personnel)
and the range of disorders for inclusion of PTSD. Given all these factors results are presented as raw data with simple
descriptive statistics only.
The conclusion of the working group is that all of the guidelines reviewed have utility and are appropriate for use. It is
noted that only the ACPMH guidelines are locally produced and this may be relevant for the use of Australian and New
Zealand context. It is noteworthy that the evidence reviewed in all guidelines was broadly similar.
References
Slade T, Johnston A, Oakley Browne MA, Andrews G, Whiteford H; 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and
Wellbeing: methods and key findings. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry; 2009; 43: 594 - 605.
Kramer TL, Lindy JD, Green BL, Grace MC, Leonard AC; The comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder and
suicidality in Vietnam veterans. Suicide Life Threat Behav; 1994; 24:58-67.
Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II Instrument (AGREE II); The AGREE Next Steps Consortium May
2009.
25
Appendices
26
AGREE II scoring - ACPMH/ NHMRC
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
27
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
28
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
29
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Mar 18, 2013 4:52 AM I could not find this but it may reflect my limitations
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
30
17. Key recommendations are easily identifiable.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
31
21. The guideline presents monitoring and/or auditing criteria.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
32
25. I would recommend this guideline for use.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 May 20, 2013 11:28 PM Not a guideline - it is literature review
2 Mar 18, 2013 4:56 AM I would use this guideline but include a separate guideline for complex PTSD as an adjuvant.
Response
Answer Options
Count
5
answered question 5
skipped question 1
33
AGREE II scoring - AHRQ
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
34
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
35
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Mar 16, 2013 8:12 AM This is done well
36
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Mar 28, 2013 11:00 AM Says so, but not detailed
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Mar 16, 2013 8:12 AM It was reviewed in 2008
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
37
17. Key recommendations are easily identifiable.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
38
21. The guideline presents monitoring and/or auditing criteria.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
39
25. I would recommend this guideline for use.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 May 20, 2013 1:00 PM a more practical guildline, likely to be better received and will be read by clinicians
2 Mar 28, 2013 11:05 AM I would not recommend this specific document as it is really just a commentary on another guideline, the APA one.
It does not add anything to the APA guideline.
Response
Answer Options
Count
4
answered question 4
skipped question 0
40
AGREE II scoring - APA
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
41
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
42
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
43
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
44
17. Key recommendations are easily identifiable.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
45
21. The guideline presents monitoring and/or auditing criteria.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
46
25. I would recommend this guideline for use.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 Apr 17, 2013 5:41 AM As above
Response
Answer Options
Count
3
answered question 3
skipped question 0
47
AGREE II scoring - ASCA
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
48
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
49
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Mar 28, 2013 11:36 AM The authors have slective use of evidence for their stance; so there is evidence, not just systematic evidence
2 Mar 16, 2013 5:29 AM I really found this guideline to be clinically helpful and interesting to read but I think that the limitations of the evidence based research and the use of
opinion were not explored
50
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
51
17. Key recommendations are easily identifiable.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
52
21. The guideline presents monitoring and/or auditing criteria.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
53
25. I would recommend this guideline for use.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 Apr 21, 2013 4:18 PM limited application to clinical undertaking
2 Mar 28, 2013 11:44 AM This is not a guideline. This isa professional opinion about a particular disorder and treatment recommendations. Though it is referenced and there
probably is some evidence for the authors' views, it is not an evidence based guideline!
3 Mar 16, 2013 5:37 AM I thought it was useful but the information really does focus on childhood sexual abuse rather than a broader definition of PTSD. It was not boring or
repetitive which some guidelines can be.
Response
Answer Options
Count
4
answered question 4
skipped question 0
54
AGREE II scoring - Canadian
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
55
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
56
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 30, 2013 5:47 AM Although as noted previously, no patient/consumer/public review
57
15. The recommendations are specific and unambiguous
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
58
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
59
24. Rate the overall quality of this guideline.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 Apr 30, 2013 5:49 AM The guidelines are dated 2006 and in the PTSD space would consider these to now be outdated
2 Mar 29, 2013 12:49 PM For a short set of Guidelines they cover the main bases.
3 Mar 14, 2013 9:40 PM need to advise on drug company funding
Response
Answer Options
Count
3
answered question 3
skipped question 0
60
AGREE II scoring - ISTSS Complex PTSD
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
61
6. The target users of the guideline are clearly defined.
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
62
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 17, 2013 5:02 AM Evidence limited as discussed previously
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 17, 2013 5:02 AM No evidence that the guidelines have been externally reviewed
63
15. The recommendations are specific and unambiguous
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
64
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
65
24. Rate the overall quality of this guideline.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 Apr 17, 2013 5:05 AM I think it is essential to have Complex PTSD as part of this project. It affects more people that say combat PTSD.
2 Mar 29, 2013 1:07 PM Useful, as far as they go.
3 Mar 14, 2013 9:47 PM caution around diagnosis and evidence based treatments
Response
Answer Options
Count
3
answered question 3
skipped question 0
66
AGREE II scoring - ISTSS PTSD
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
67
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
68
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 21, 2013 4:36 PM some mentioning
2 Mar 29, 2013 12:25 PM Guideline not freely available in complete form
69
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 21, 2013 4:36 PM expert penal implied
2 Mar 29, 2013 12:25 PM Guideline not freely available in complete form
3 Mar 16, 2013 5:58 AM I was a little unclear on this point but it may reflect my own inexperience in reviewing. There seemed to be an experienced panel consulted
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 21, 2013 4:36 PM not apparent
2 Mar 29, 2013 12:25 PM Guideline not freely available in complete form
70
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
71
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
72
24. Rate the overall quality of this guideline.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 May 10, 2013 4:20 AM I found it difficult to assess with regard to conflict of interest & relationship to the funding body
2 Apr 21, 2013 4:43 PM designed for and limited to clinician usage
3 Mar 29, 2013 12:30 PM Guideline not freely available in complete formTherefore very hard to assess as methodology not detailed
4 Mar 16, 2013 6:06 AM I thought it was the best for complex PTSD and would compliment a guideline on broad management of PTSD
Response
Answer Options
Count
5
answered question 5
skipped question 0
73
AGREE II scoring - NICE
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
74
6. The target users of the guideline are clearly defined.
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
75
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 17, 2013 6:00 AM This is the only of the 4 I have reviewed which clearly identifies the external reviewers. These come from a variety of professions and
include patient/consumer reviewers (2)
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Apr 17, 2013 6:00 AM Every 4 years
76
15. The recommendations are specific and unambiguous
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
77
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
78
Number Response Date Comments Categories
1 Mar 29, 2013 12:21 PM Limited detail. Unreferenced.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 Apr 17, 2013 6:03 AM It is relatively recent, relevant, based on trial evidence or consensus of guideline expert developers or practice points.
I think this is the most applicable to the Aust content and ticks all boxes.
2 Mar 29, 2013 12:21 PM Not enough breadth, coverage, detail. Very oriented towards British primary care system.
Response
Answer Options
Count
3
answered question 3
skipped question 0
79
AGREE II scoring - VA/DoD
3. The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply are specifically described
4. The guideline development group includes individuals from all the relevant professional groups
80
5. The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought.
9. The strengths and limitations of the body of evidence are clearly described.
81
10. The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described.
11. The health benefits, side effects and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations.
12. There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence.
13. The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication.
Other (please
Number Response Date Categories
specify)
1 Mar 29, 2013 9:13 AM Two internal review meetings. i can't see evidence of an external review.
2 Mar 14, 2013 7:47 PM could not locate
82
15. The recommendations are specific and unambiguous
16. The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented.
19. The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice.
83
20. The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered.
22. The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline
23. Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed.
84
24. Rate the overall quality of this guideline.
Notes/Commen
Number Response Date Categories
ts
1 Apr 17, 2013 4:40 AM I think the research has been rigorous, clearly articulated treatment options, research and RCT of recent times.
Response
Answer Options
Count
3
answered question 3
skipped question 1
85