Interna tional Jo urna l o f Applied Research 2018 ; 4 (1 2 ): 240 -2 45

ISSN Print: 2394-7500

ISSN Online: 2394-5869 A correlational analysis on the condition of lodging
Impact Factor: 5.2
IJAR 2018; 4(12): 240-245 houses and students academic performance
www.allresearchjournal.com
Received: 03-10-2018
Accepted: 08-11-2018 Philner P Salindo and Joel T Ubat
Philner P Salindo
Social Science Department, Abstract
College of Arts and Sciences, A dwelling is one of the essence of living and ensuring safety and security that translates into the
Negros Oriental State holistic development of a person’s well being. In this study, the lodging houses around NORSU-
University, Guihulngan Guihulngan City campus was evaluated and correlated to the academic performance of NORSU
Campus, Republic of the students who are residing in these lodging houses. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out whether
Philippines the conditions of the lodging houses affect the academic performance of students or not. Results
showed that there is a significant relationship between the condition of lodging houses and the
Joel T Ubat academic performance of NORSU students.
Social Science Department,
College of Arts and Sciences,
Keywords: Lodging houses, students academic performance
Negros Oriental State
University, Guihulngan
Campus, Republic of the Introduction
Philippines Students from the provinces stay in lodging houses which are considered temporary
dwellings. Their living conditions in these dwellings may result to beneficial and prejudicial
contributions to their holistic well-being.
In international setting, specifically in Zululand, South Africa, the same situations are a
concern of both government and academic institution. Black african students lodge in private
homes and have manifested behaviors which are not encouraging in school activities.
Khumalo, Blasius Dumisani (1995) conducted a research to investigate the relationship
between academic performance and their private lodging homes.
Based on students’ observations and testimonials these temporary dwellings fail to consider
the provisions of basic and other facilities that will meet the various needs of the occupants.
It is then an immediate concern of both City legislators and school administrators to know
the nature of lodging houses in operation for them to formulate effective interventions to
anticipate problems that may possibly occur and provide precautionary and proactive
measures. Legislative interventions may also address lodging houses living-related concerns.
In Guihulngan City, there has been an evident dearth of an ordinance related to this matter.
Thus, it is timely for the City to build such.
Our collaborative study aims to establish the current conditions of college students living in
lodging houses. Specifically, its findings hope to formulate programs or may serve as bases
to create a specific set of guidelines on lodging house operation and regulations in the City.
In Philippine Senate, a bill introduced by Senator Manny Villar (2012) [6] in the Fifteenth
Congress of the Philippine Republic entitled: An Act Establishing A Comprehensive And
Integrated National Policy And Program Guidelines For The Operation And Maintenance Of
Dormitories And Boarding-Houses, Providing Penalties Therefor, And For Other Purposes.
It is stipulated in the declaration of the policy of that the State shall promote and improve the
condition of those living in dormitories and boarding houses. Towards this end, the State
shall adopt a national standard for the operation and maintenance of dormitories and
boarding houses to make these facilities conducive to living and learning.
Correspondence The importance of lodging houses’ condition around an academic institution is not an
Philner P Salindo
endemic concern in Guihulngan City but a national one. A study conducted by Ruel a.
Social Science Department,
College of Arts and Sciences, Brilliantes, et al (2012) [2] entitled, “The Living Conditions of University Students in
Negros Oriental State Boarding Houses and Dormitories in Davao City, Philippines”, this study determined the
University, Guihulngan living conditions of university students in boarding houses and dormitories. This is anchored
Campus, Republic of the on the premise that the physical and environmental components of these residential facilities
Philippines
could affect the students’ wholistic well-being.
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The researchers also came across with a similar study the QPA of students, the researchers will employ
conducted by Dr. Dr. Alex Ylagan, et al (2013) [4], entitled, documentary research.
“Compliance of Lyceum of the Philippines University The researchers did data transcription. Data presentations
Accredited Boarding Houses: Basis for a Proposed Plan of (tables) and analysis will follow, together with the
Action”, this scholarly work examined the operation of interpretation of the interviews. Statistical analysis will use
boarding houses in 2008 and found the necessity to provide Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. This
accredited boarding houses thru the initiative of the Office will identify the relationship between the lodging houses
of Student Affairs. conditions and the students’ academic performance.
The research entitled, “Conditions of the Nearby Boarding The tools used in analyzing and in interpreting the data were
Houses of a State University In the Northern Philippines: A the following:
Benchmark Study conducted by Julius S. Valderama (2013)
[3]
, focuses on the assessment of the boarding houses near Percentage: This is used to show how a part is related to a
the premises of Nueva Vizcaya State University (NVSU) in whole. It is used in presenting the profile of the respondents.
northern Philippines. The boarding houses were assessed Formula:
along four areas namely basic amenities, safety and security,
special services and other boarders’ concerns. part
Percentage = × 100
In international setting, the study conducted by Khumalo, whole
Blasius Dumisani entitled, “An investigation into the
educational performance of black high school students who Mean: This is used to get the extent of performance of the
lodge at private homes in the Nongoma circuit,” focused on respondents.
the private lodging house conditions and investigated the Formula:
relationship between these conditions and the academic
performance of black high school students. ∑𝑥
x̄ =
The main goal of the study is to determine the significant 𝑛
relationship of the conditions of lodging houses in
Guihulngan City and the academic performance of NORSU where = mean/average
students. The physical, environmental and social conditions x = scores/rating
of the lodging houses are evaluated and were correlated to n = number of students
the academic performance of students to identify the
relationship between the variables. The significant Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation:
relationship will be the basis for policy formulation of the This is used in identifying the relationship between the
university through the Student Affairs Office and the policy lodging houses’ conditions and the academic performance
making of the local government. This study will help policy of students.
makers on gauging the various needs of the students and this
will also enrich the literature about lodging houses and N(∑xy) − (∑x)(∑y)
r=
academic performance. √[N(∑x 2 ) − (∑x)2 )] √[N(∑y 2 ) − (∑y)2 )]
Methodology where x is the lodging houses’ conditions
The method used in this study is descriptive-correlational y is the academic performance of students
method. This is designed to determine the relationship of r is the coefficient of correlation
two variables (X and Y) whether their relationship is To interpret the correlation value (r) obtained, the following
perfect, very high, high, marked, slight, or negligible. On classifications are applied:
the other hand, the statistical treatment of the data using ± 1.00 - perfect correlation
Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation, this is Between ± 0.80 to ± 0.99 - very high correlation
used in identifying the relationship between the lodging Between ± 0.60 to ± 0.79 - high correlation
house conditions and the academic performance of students. Between ± 0.40 to ± 0.59 - marked/moderate correlation
In addition, the interview of selected respondents will be Between ± 0.20 to ± 0.39 - low/slight correlation
accomplished to supplement and to validate the Pearson Between ± 0.01 to ± 0.19 - negligible correlation
Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation statistical tool
results. Results
This study was conducted around the premises of Negros Table 1 shows how the respondents rated their lodging
Oriental State University, Guihulngan City Campus. houses in accordance to the following indicators: lighting
Particularly the lodging houses in operation as living and electrical facilities, ventilation and spacing, fire
quarters of students enrolled in the University. protection facilities, and study room.
The respondents of this study will be identified through the
use of random sampling in the campus of Negros Oriental Table 1: Physical Conditions of the Lodging House N=336
State University, Guihulngan City Campus.
The data were collected through survey, interviews and Verbal
Statements/Categories wx
documentary research. A researcher’s survey guide will be Equivalent
1. Lighting and Electrical Facilities. 3.01 Good
developed for the purpose of gathering basic information of
2. Ventilation and spacing. 2.81 Good
students residing in lodging houses. In depth interviews
3. Fire Protection Facilities. 2.35 Fair
among selected students and operators, landlords and 4. Study Room. 2.28 Fair
managers of lodging houses will be conducted. In gathering Average 2.61 Good

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Table 1 shows the results of the Physical Condition of the houses fails to have First Aid in their lodging house, which
Lodging House. It shows that the Lighting and Electrical is deemed very important for all the occupants for their
Facilities, Ventilation and Spacing were GOOD and the data safety and welfare.
also indicate that the Fire Protection Facilities and Study Table 3 presents how the respondents rated the social
Room were FAIR in physical conditions. Generally, it conditions of the lodging houses using the following
reveals that the average of the Physical Conditions of the indicators: treatment of lodgers, imposition of house rules,
Lodging House was GOOD. The findings above imply that relationship between lodgers and services of lodging house
the students’ responses were satisfied on their Lodging helpers.
Houses where they stayed although there were some
facilities or even the study room of the lodging houses Table 3: Social Conditions of the Lodging House N=336
around NORSU Guihulngan did not meet the various needs
Verbal
of the occupants. However, these students came from far Statements/Categories wx Equivalent
places of Guihulngan City specifically in the hinterlands so
1. Relationship between Lodgers. 3.21 Good
they were satisfied and contented of their living conditions
2. Treatment of Lodgers. 2.91 Good
since NORSU Guihulngan is a State University therefore
mostly of the students are financially challenged. 3. Imposition of House Rules. 2.89 Good
Table 2 reflects how the respondents rated their lodging 4. Services of Lodging House Helpers 2.50 Good
houses in accordance to the following indicators: sanitary Average 2.88 Good
facilities, garbage receptacles, and first aid kits.
Table 3 above shows the results of the Social Conditions of
Table 2: Environmental Conditions of the Lodging House N=336 the Lodging House. It shows that the overall average was
GOOD. This study implies that the students were contented
Statements/Categories wx Verbal Equivalent of the social conditions of the Lodging House where they
1. Sanitary Facilities 2.72 Good stayed it might be because that mostly of the owners of the
2. Garbage Receptacles. 2.64 Good lodging house considered the quality of life of their
3. First Aid 2.18 Fair
occupants living on their lodging house. Furthermore, based
on the results the highest average mean of 3.21 is the
Average 2.51 Good
relationship between lodgers since the lodgers become
friendlier when they stay in lodging houses than their homes
Table 2 above presents the results of the Environmental because they were able to established friendships among
Conditions of the Lodging House. The table shows that the peers. This was reflected in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Sanitary Facilities and the Garbage Receptacles of the that to be with friends or to socialize is one of the most
Lodging House were GOOD and the First Aid was FAIR. important needs of human being.
With the above findings, it reveals that it has an average of Table 4 shows the responses of the respondents when asked
GOOD in Environmental Conditions of the Lodging House. about the effect of the condition of the lodging houses on
This study indicates that some of the owner of the lodging their studies and their maturity.

Table 4: Maturity and Lodging House Conditions N=336

YES NO
Questions Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
(f) (%) (f) (%)
1. Does your Lodging house condition contribute to your maturity? 278 82.74 58 17.26
2. Does your Lodging house condition affect your studies? 218 64.88 118 35.12

The table above presents the results on their Lodging House Table 5: Cumulative Average of the Students last Academic Year
condition in terms of the contribution to their maturity and Ranges Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
studies. As indicated, 82.74% of 278 students answered that 1.50 - 1.00 17 5.06
the lodging house conditions will really contribute to their 2.00 - 1.60 249 74.11
maturity. Furthermore, 64.88% of 218 students answered 2.50 - 2.10 64 19.05
that the Lodging house conditions will affect their studies. 3.00 – 2.60 6 1.78
This study shows that mostly of the respondents answered Total 336 100.00
yes because it helped them become more independent and
responsible. This was concluded by Estrada et al. (2008) Table 5 above presents the results of the Cumulative
that living in a dormitory develops the independence of the Average of the Students last Academic Year. As indicated,
students so therefore it has a big contribution to their 1.78% of 336 students were in the range of 2.60 – 3.00.
maturity and it also affect their studies as a whole since Furthermore, 74.11% belongs in the range of 2.00 – 1.60
living in a temporary places had lesser chores in which gives and 19.05% were in the range of 2.50 – 2.10. The table also
them ample time to study; thus, this plays a significant reveals that only 5.06% were classified in the range of 1.50
contribution to their grades. – 1.00. This study indicates that despite of their living
Table 5 lays out the cumulative average of students last conditions at home or even on their lodging houses where
academic year. It ranges from 1-3, with 1 being the highest they stayed, still they can manage their high grades because
and 3 being the lowest. they have accomplished their academic requirements
efficiently during their stay in the lodging house and aside
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from that, the senior high board mates were willing to help Table 7: Academic Performance and the Environmental
the needs of the boarders in the lower years especially in Conditions of the Lodging House.
academic related needs, thus, they performed better in Degree of
school. Statement Computed rs
Relationship
Table 6 shows the relationship between the physical 1.Sanitary Facilities 0.650 Moderate relationship
conditions: lighting and electrical facilities, ventilation and 2. Garbage Receptacles 0.658 Moderate relationship
spacing, fire protection and study room and the academic 3. First Aid 0.612 Moderate relationship
performance of students in the last academic year. The table
also reflects the degree of relationship between the two Table 7 indicates that there is a “moderate relationship”
variables. between the academic performance of the students last
academic year and the following environmental conditions
Table 6: Academic Performance and the Physical Conditions of of the lodging house: sanitary facilities; garbage receptacles;
the Lodging House.
and first aid. This implies that the students were not really
Computed Degree of affected with the environmental conditions of the lodging
Statement
rs Relationship house where they stayed in terms of their academic
Lighting and performance because their responses were all good in
1 0.707 High relationship
Electrical Facilities
sanitary facilities and garbage receptacles and fair in first
Ventilation and
2 0.711 High relationship aid because what they care of was their academic
Spacing
Fire Protection Marked/Moderate performance so they do not care on their environmental
3 0.649 conditions and aside from that mostly of the students were
Facilities relationship
4 Study Room 0.618
Marked/Moderate from the mountain area, so they were satisfied in their
relationship environmental conditions as practiced in their respective
places. They do not know that the environmental conditions
Table 6 indicates that there is a “high relationship” between were very important also for all the occupants for their
the academic performance of the students last academic year security and safety in terms of health services.
and the following physical conditions of the lodging house: Table 8 shows the relationship between the social conditions
lighting and electrical facilities; ventilation and spacing. of the lodging houses: treatment of lodgers, imposition of
Meanwhile a “marked/moderate relationship” existed house rules, relationship between lodgers and services of
between the academic performance of the students and the lodging house helpers and the academic performance of
physical conditions of the lodging house on: fire protection students in the last academic year.
facilities and study room. This study implies that the
relationship of students’ academic performance and the Table 8: Academic Performance and the Social Conditions of the
physical conditions in terms of lighting and electrical Lodging House.
facilities, ventilation and spacing has a high relationship in
Computed Degree of
terms of their grades though their responses were only good Statement
rs Relationship
in physical conditions on their lodging houses, however, the 1 Treatment of Lodgers 0.711 High relationship
students were contented and satisfied because they got a Imposition of House
high grades during their stay in a lodging house. 2 0.741 High relationship
Rules
This study was concurred by the study of Brilliantes (2012) Relationship between Marked/Moderate
[2] 3 0.598
that the academic performance of students has improved Lodgers relationship
during their stay in the boarding houses or dormitory Services of Lodging Marked/Moderate
4 0.684
because they can accomplish academic requirements House Helpers relationship
efficiently during their stay in the boarding house.
Meanwhile, the fire protection facilities and study room has Table 8 indicates that there is a “high relationship” between
a “marked/moderate relationship” in terms of their academic the academic performance of the students last academic year
performance. This simply means that the students were not and the following social conditions of the lodging house:
totally affected with their academic performance on the treatment of lodgers and imposition of house rules.
conditions of their lodging house because the respondents Meanwhile a “marked/moderate relationship” existed
are coming from the hinter land so therefore they are between the academic performance of the students and the
contented of their stay and they can study their lessons social conditions of the lodging house on: relationship
because no household chores can interrupt when they are between lodgers and the services of lodging house helpers.
studying and board mates also can help them in terms of This shows that the relationship between the academic
academic related needs. This study was also concurred by performance and the social conditions of the lodging house
Brilliantes (2012) [2] that if a student resides with board in terms of treatment of lodgers and imposition of house
mates or roommates who really value education and who rules has a high relationship. The operator of the lodging
extend time in studying, he will eventually become like house has a big role for the academic performance of the
them, thus, academic success is inevitable. This was because students because they are the one who facilitated the
students are more matured when living in a boarding house boarders to be socialized because they are away from their
because they are independent and responsible in terms of family so it might create loneliness or got sick while staying
decisions making. the boarding house. Thus, the operator must consider
Table 7 presents the relationship between the environmental creating social activities to their occupants to overcome the
conditions of the lodging houses: sanitary facilities, garbage loneliness and students can focus on their studies because
receptacles and first aid and the academic performance of when you get bored the students might be depressed.
students in the last academic year. It also shows the degree This study was concurred by Estrada (et al., 2008) that
of relationship between the two variables. social activities in boarding houses/dormitories create
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International Journal of Applied Research

essentialities in the lives of the students. Since, being away 2.00 to 1.60. 19.05 percent of the respondents or a frequency
of from one’s family creates the feeling of homesickness of 64 had a cumulative average that ranges from 2.50 to
and loneliness; experts agree that one of the best ways to 2.10. Lastly, 1.78 percent of the respondents or a frequency
cope with these is to get involved in activities. In addition, of 6 had a cumulative average that ranges from 3.00 to 2.60.
the relationship between the lodgers and the services of A total of 336 respondents where asked to answer the
lodging house helpers has marked/moderate relationship. questionnaires.
This indicates that it also affects their academic performance
in socializing other occupants of the lodging house because Academic Performance and Lodging House Conditions
if you have a good relationship with the other occupants Academic Performance and the Physical Conditions of
then you can focus on your study as well. the Lodging House: The results show that the computed r-
According to the study of Brilliantes (2012) [2] that if the value of the lighting and facilities against the cumulative
students were able to establish friendships among other average of students is 0.707 with the degree of relationship
occupants then it will creates sense of belongingness. It was is high relationship. The computed r-value of the ventilation
also reflected by the study of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and spacing against the cumulative average of students is
that to be with friends or to socialize is one of the most 0.711 with the degree of relationship is high relationship.
important needs of a human being. In addition, students The computed r-value of the fire protection facilities against
living in a lodging house had a big chance to participate in the cumulative average of students is 0.649 with the degree
all extra-curricular activities conducted by the school, thus, of relationship is moderate relationship. And the computed
they performed better in school. This was reflected by the r-value of the study room against the cumulative average of
study of De Larrosa (2000) that living away from home students is 0.618 with the degree of relationship is moderate
increases leadership and interpersonal skills and cultural relationship.
awareness.
Academic Performance and the Environmental
Discussion Conditions of the Lodging House: The result express the
Physical Conditions of the Lodging Houses computed r-value of sanitary facilities against the
The results show that the lighting and electrical facilities cumulative average of students is 0.650 with the degree of
have the highest rating among all the physical condition of relationship is moderate relationship. The computed r-value
lodging houses is the lighting and electrical facilities with a of garbage and receptacles against the cumulative average of
mean of 3.01 with the verbal equivalent of good. It is students is 0.658 with the degree of relationship is moderate
followed by ventilation and spacing with a mean of 2.81 relationship. Lastly, the computed r-value of the first aid
with a verbal equivalent of good. Moreover, the fire against cumulative average is 0.612 with the degree of
protection facilities and study room has a verbal equivalent relationship is moderate relationship.
of fair and has mean of 2.35 and 2.28 respectively. Overall,
the physical condition of lodging houses has and average of Academic Performance and the Social Conditions of the
2.61 with a verbal equivalent of good. Lodging House: The result presents the computed r-value
of treatment of ledgers against the cumulative average of the
Environmental Conditions of the Lodging Houses students is 0.711 with the degree of relationship is high
The result expresses that topping the table among the relationship. The computed r-value of the imposition of
environmental conditions is the sanitary facilities with a house rules against the cumulative average of students is
mean of 2.72 and a verbal equivalent of good, and followed 0.741 with the degree of relationship is high relationship.
closely by the presence of garbage receptacles with a mean The computed r-value of the relationship between lodgers
of 2.64 and a verbal equivalent of good. The first aid is the against the cumulative relationship of students is 0.598 with
least in rank with a mean of 2.18 and a verbal equivalent of the degree of relationship is moderate relationship. And the
fair. The overall average of the environmental conditions of computed r-value of the services of lodging house helpers
lodging houses is 2.51, which has a verbal equivalent of against the cumulative average of students is 0.684 with the
good. degree of relationship is moderate relationship.

Social Conditions of the Lodging Houses Conclusion

The results lay out the social conditions of the lodging Based on the findings presented above, the following
houses that the relationship between the lodgers topped the conclusions are drawn:
ranking with a mean of 3.21 and a verbal equivalent of The physical condition of the lodging houses has an average
good. Followed behind by treatment od lodgers, imposition mean of 2.6, the environmental condition of the lodging
of house rules and services of lodging house helpers with a houses has an average of 2.51 and the social conditions of
mean of 2.91, 2.89, and 2.50 respectively with a verbal the lodging houses has an average mean of 2.88, which is
equivalent of good. The average mean of the social good in its verbal equivalent respectively. This means that
condition of lodging houses is 2.88 with a verbal equivalent students who are living in lodging houses are comfortable of
of good. their quarters, regardless of size or the presence of available
facilities and the social atmosphere. This present a persistent
Academic Performance of students staying in Lodging problem regarding the conformity or adherence to lodging
Houses house standards because owners will not be encourage to
The results show that 5. 06 percent of the respondents or a improve the physical, environmental and social conditions
frequency of 17 had a cumulative average that ranges from of the lodging houses, since the lodgers are satisfied with or
1.50 to 1. 00. 74.11 percent of the respondents or a thought that their living quarters are sufficient and already
frequency of 249 had a cumulative average that ranges from are as sound as the standards.
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International Journal of Applied Research

The data showed that majority of the students living in

lodging houses has a cumulative average that ranges from
2.00 to 1.60 and a frequency of 249. This indicated that
mostly of the respondents staying in lodging houses are
academically excellent. The factors that contributed to this
performance are self-determination and the help of senior
students living in the same lodging house. The students’ stay
in lodging houses contributed to their maturity (see table 4),
making them adept and reactive to the academic demands in
the university.
Furthermore the data showed that there is a significant
relationship between the academic performances and the
condition of the lodging houses, particularly the physical
conditions, environmental conditions and social conditions.
It is therefore apparent that the good living conditions
contributed to the academic performance of students in the
university. Though the conditions are below the standards
students of the university, they still excel in their academics.
This is in consonance to the study of De Larrosa (2000),
which stated that living away from home increases
leadership and interpersonal skills and cultural awareness. It
is therefore important for the students to be staying in a
sound-lodging house to have a holistic growth and
development, both cognitively and socially.

References
1. Chickering AW, Reisser L. Education and Identity (2nd
edition). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993.
2. Ruel A, Brilliantes, et al entitled, The Living
Conditions of University Students in Boarding Houses
and Dormitories in Davao City, Philippines, 2012.
3. Julius S Valderama. Conditions of the Nearby Boarding
Houses of a State University in the Northern
Philippines: A Benchmark Study, 2013.
4. Dr. Alex Ylagan, et al. Compliance of Lyceum of the
Philippines University Accredited Boarding Houses:
Basis for a Proposed Plan of Action, 2013.
5. Maria Cona Futalan, et al. Correlation between the
High School English Grades of Freshmen Students and
Their Performance in the College Entrance Placement
Test in English, 2011.
6. Sen. Manny Villar. Senate Bill no. 1113, An Act
Establishing A Comprehensive And Integrated National
Policy And Program Guidelines For The Operation And
Maintenance of Dormitories and Boarding-Houses,
Providing Penalties Therefor, and For Other Purposes,
2012.
7. http://www.ucalgary.ca/ses/studentdevelopmenttheory
8. http://thesocialworkexam.com/maslows-theory-of-
basic-needs-learning
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ew/477
10. http://uzspace.uzulu.ac.za/handle/10530/677.

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