CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Topic: To study and determine the
amount of CASEIN in different
samples of milk
Submitted by,
NAME: ELA SANAT
CLASS: 12th
ROLL No:
YEAR: 2019-2020
Submitted to: Mr. NAGI REDDY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
ELA SANAT s/o
Mr.ELAINGUMARAMAN, a student
of class 12th of SRI SESHAAS
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL has
submitted a project
report entitled “To Study and
Determine the Quantity of Casein
content in different samples of milk”
successfully under my
guidance and supervision.
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep
gratitude and sincere thanks to
the principal Mrs.Sailaja, SRI
SESHAAS INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC
SCHOOL, for her encouragement
and for all the facilities that
she provided for this project
work. I sincerely extend my
thanks to Mr.Nagi Reddy,
chemistry teacher, who guided
me throughout this successful
path of this project with all
intelligence. I take this
opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for his
invaluable guidance, constant
encouragement, constructive
comments, sympathetic attitude
and immense motivation, which
has sustained my efforts at all
stages of this project work.
I can’t forget to offer my
sincere thanks to my family who
helped me to carry this project
work successfully with their
valuable support and by
providing mw with all my needs.
Last but not least I like to
thank my friends who helped me
in carrying this project to the
success.
ELA SANAT
s.no CONTENts Page no
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THEORY
3. AIM
4. REQUIREMENTS
5. PROCEDURE
6. OBSERVATION
7. FORMULA OF CASEIN
8. CONCLUSION
9. BIBILOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION:
Milk is a white fluid secreted by the mammary
glands of living organisms. The natural milk is
constitutes of It is the food of exceptional inters
probability. Milk is also known to contain all sorts
of micronutrients essential for the body of an
organism. The major milk protein casein is found
only in milk nowhere in the world. The composition
of casein is not constant and depends upon the
source of milk.
Source Water Mineral Protein Fats Carbohydrate
of MILK (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
COW 87.1 0.7 3.4 3.9 4.9
HUMAN 87.4 0.2 1.4 4.0 4.9
GOAT 87.0 0.7 3.3 4.2 4.8
SHEEP 82.6 0.9 5.5 6.5 4.5
Casein is a major protein constituent in milk and is
mixed phosphor-protein. Casein has isoelectric pH of
about 4.7 and can be easily separated around this
isoelectric pH. It readily dissolves in dilute acids
and alkaline. Casein is present milk as calcium
caseinate in the form of micelles. These micelles
have negative charges are neutralized.
Ca2+(caseinate)+2CH3COOH(aq) Casein+(CH3COOH)2Ca
This Picture explains about the
change of casein micelle to curd!
THEORY:
Natural milk is an opaque white fluid Secreted by
the mammary glands of Female mammal. The main
constituents of natural milk are Protein,
Carbohydrate, Mineral Vitamins, Fats and Water
and are a complete balanced diet. Fresh milk is
sweetish in taste. However, when it is kept for long
time at a temperature of 5 degree it become sour
because of bacteria present in air. These bacteria
convert lactose of milk into lactic acid which is
sour in taste. In acidic condition casein of
milk starts separating out as a precipitate. When
the acidity in milk is sufficient and temperature is
around 36 degree, it forms semi-solid mass, called
curd.
CASEIN MICELLE TO GEL FORMATION
Aim:
To study and determine the quantity of
CASEIN in samples of milk.
Requirements:
Beaker (250ml)
Filtration Flasks
Measuring Cylinders
Glass Rod
Spatula
China Dish
Dropper
Weight Bore
Different samples of MILK
10% Acetic Acid
Procedure:
A clean dry beaker has been taken, followed by
putting 20 ml of cow's milk into it and adding
20 ml of saturated ammonium sulphate solution
slowly and with stirring. Fat along with Casein
was precipitate out.
The solution was filtered and transferred the
precipitates in another beaker. Added about 30
ml of water to the precipitate. Only Casein
dissolves in water forming milky solution
leaving fat which are not dissolved.
The milky solution was heated to about 40oC
and adds 1% acetic acid solution drop-wise,
when casein got precipitated.
Filtered the precipitate, washed with water and
the precipitate was allowed to dry.
Weighed the dry solid mass in a previously
weighed watch glass.
The experiment was repeated with other
samples of milk.
Observation:
Volume of MILK taken in each case = 20ml
Sample no. Source of Weight of CASEIN
MILK CASEIN (%)
1. COW 0.60 3.00
2. HUMAN 0.65 3.25
3. GOAT 0.75 3.70
4. SHEEP 0.85 4.20
Therefore, if an acid is added to milk the
negative charges are neutralized and the
protein is precipitated out.
Ca2+(caseinate)+2CH3COOH(aq) Casein+(CH3COOH)2Ca
Formula of casein:
By the observation we can further find the
formula of the CASEIN protein.
Simple Formula of CASEIN protein
MICELLE and SUB-MICELLE of CASEIN
Uses:
Antibacterial and immune benefits: Some cell
studies suggest it may provide antibacterial
and immune benefits and reduce high blood
pressure.
Triglyceride levels: One study in 10 overweight
individuals found that it reduced triglyceride
levels after a meal by 22%.
Reduction in free radicals: Some of the
peptides in casein protein powder may have
antioxidant effects and fight the build-up of
harmful free radicals.
Fat loss: One 12-week training study found the
average fat loss among people taking the
supplement was three times greater than in a
placebo group.
Casein Protein Is Very Effective for Muscle
Growth.
Conclusion:
Different samples of MILK contain different
percentage of casein. By the project we can
conclude that SHEEP has highest amount of
CASEIN content in its MILK and one of the best
milk found among the source.
