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Dynamic analysis of an automotive mechanism used in toys industry

Análisis dinámico de un mecanismo automotor usado en la industria
de los juguetes
Santiago a, Jhonatan a ,Edgar a , Nestor Giraldo a
a
Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia. jdvelasq@unal.edu.co

Abstract
This work shows an analysis for an automotive system mechanism used in toys (horse shape). Such analysis comprises the topics of
cinematics and kinetics for a rigid body, in order to describe the movement in the system and its ambiance and the movement among each
component of the system. Energetic efficiency is also shown in this work in order to calculate the required energy to be applied to the
system for generating a displacement movement with a stablished speed.
Keywords: dynamic analysis, horse shape toys, energetic efficiency.

Resumen
Este trabajo presenta el análisis a un sistema automotor tipo juguete con forma de caballo, dicho análisis comprende los temarios de
cinemática y cinética del cuerpo rígido, necesarios para poder dar una descripción acerca del movimiento tanto del sistema con el entorno
como entre los componentes del sistema entre sí. Se presenta además de dichos cálculos, la eficiencia energética del juguete, lo cual
pretende calcular cual es la energía requerida para mover el sistema a una velocidad establecida.
Palabras clave: análisis dinámico, caballos de juguete, eficiencia energética.

1 Introduction
for generating movement in the whole system and the energy
1.1 Automotive toys, a research efficiency of this system. a rigid body example is shown in fig2.

Automotive toys can be seen from the 18th century [1]. Where the
rocking horse was created in order to teach children how to ride a
horse, there was two different types of rocking horses, the first one,
a horse-shaped toy with fixed and mobile joints on a squared base
(Right on fig1), and the second one, the rocking-chair style, which
had no displacement(Left on fig1). Both are shown in fig.1

a b

Fig2. Scheme for kinetic and dynamic analysis.

This work also describes the manufacturing process applied for

making a rocking horse at scale, where a small power source is used
fig1. Rocking horses examples (from internet). for comparing theorical vs experimental power requirements after
energy efficiency models are done.
This toy is the basis in this work, where is intended to describe the
movement for every component of the system, the required power

© The authors; licensee Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

DYNA 81 (184), pp. 1-2. April, 2014. Medellín. ISSN 0012-7353 Printed, ISSN 2346-2183 Online
 Velásquez-Henao & Rada-Tobón / DYNA 81 (184), pp. 1-2. April, 2014.

3 Equations and results

2 Theorical analysis and simulations
Calculations for applied forces in points E and G where made using
For theorical analysis and simulations procedure it was needed a tangential-normal reference system and segmenting each
to formulate a problem to solve, as follows: component of the system. the first instance was to stablish a static
analysis and then, using a two stages analysis (before contact with
“calculate the forces in G and E places of the system according surface and contact with surface) and according to the given
to the minimal and required power needed to produce a information it was possible to calculate the contact forces and the
displacement with constants movement of 0.1 m/s in the whole minimal required power.
system”

A B

C D

FIG 3-

According to the statement, it is also required the dimensions for

each segment of the system:
FIG. 4
FG:
BG:
AB:
Fig. 4 shows the static segmented analysis for the system, figure D
CB:
shows a 3D image for a better appreciation of friction and normal
CE:
forces interacting in the system.
DC:

The required simulations in this study where made using solidworks

analysis, for implementing a 3D manufacturing process and to
calculate inertia moments for each segment of the system. Such
4 Referencing bibliography, tables and figures
analysis is shown in table 1.
In text, bibliographical references use [1,2] instead of [1][2]; [1-
SEGMENT INERTIA MOMENT (mm4)
3] instead of [1][2][3] or [1,2,3] or [1], [2], [3]. For references to
AB figures use Fig. 1 instead of Figure 1; Fig. 1, 2, 5 instead of Figure
1, Figure 2 and Figure 5, or Figures 1, 2 and 5. Use Fig. 1-5 instead
BC of Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
For equations use eq. (1) instead of equation 1; use (eq. 1)
CE instead of (equation 1); use eq. (1)-(5) instead of eq. (1), (2), (3), (4),
(5).
FG
5 Citation standard
Solidworks was able to calculate the mass center of each segment
of the system according to a stablished coordinated X-Y system in Use the following citation standard in references.
order to calculate the whole system mass center for kinetics analysis.
For books:
[1] Masters, T. Neural Network Recipes in C++. New York: Academic
Press, 1993.

For Chapter in a printed book:

2
 Velásquez-Henao & Rada-Tobón / DYNA 81 (184), pp. 1-2. April, 2014.

[1] Moyor M.A. Evaluación del lenguaje de ingeniería, en Verdugo – M. del P. Rada-Tobón, received the Bs. Eng in Mining and Metallurgy
Alonso J. Evaluación curricular: una guía para la intervención del Engineering in 1996, the Sp degree in Environmental Management in 1998,
ingeniero, 2a ed., Madrid, Salvat, 1994. pp. 324-344. and MS degree in Environment and Development in 2006, she worked in
programs and projects of the mining area, with emphasis on environmental
For conference articles: management and since 1998 for the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in
[1] Jeng, J.-T., Chuang, C.-C. and Chuang, C.-T., Support vector the publication of scientific journals. She is currently coordinator of the
regression based LTS-CPBUM neural networks, Proceedings of SICE Editorial Centre, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Annual Conference (SICE), pp. 215-220, 2011. ORCID: xxx

For Electronic book:

[1] Pumarino A. la propiedad intelectual en ambientes digitales
educativos [en línea], Revisión sistemática, Santiago, hile,
DoucUC, 2004 [consulta, 1/8 de octubre de 2005]. Available
at:http://www.uca.es/dept/psicologia/bvsss/csalud/memoria/pdf/
tecnologia.htlm

For Chapter in electronic book

[1] Anderson S. Multimedia en internet [en línea], California, Agencia
de Evaluación de Tecnologías multimedia, 1998 [date of reference
May 16 th of 1998], cap. 6, Formación y acreditación de modelos
multimedia. Available at: http://www.usu.edu./sanderso/multinet.pdf

For Theses and dissertations:

[1] Kawasaki, N. Parametric study of thermal and chemical
nonequilibrium nozzle flow, M.S. Thesis, Department of
Electronic Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 1993.

[2] Williams, J. O. Narrow-band analyzer, Ph.D. dissertation,

Department of Electrical Engineering, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA, 1993.

For Journals:
[1] Ghiassi, M., Saidane, H. and Zimbra, D. K. A dynamic artificial
neural network for forecasting time series events. International
Journal of Forecasting, 21 (2), pp. 341-362, 2005.

For Electronic Journal:

[1] Sánchez, A. and Delgado, L., Estado oclusal y rendimiento
masticatorio. Acta Odontológica Venezolana [Online]. 44(2), 2006.
[date of reference July 25th of 2007]. Available at:
http://www.actaodontologica.com/44_2_2006/estado_oclusal_rendi
miento_masticatorio.asp

For Report:
[1] García – Guadarrama Juan. Informe de ingeniería ambiental,
México, División de Estudios de posgrados de la Facultad de
Ingeniería, UNAM, 2007, 89 P.

References

[1] Velásquez-Henao, J. D. and Branch-Bedoya, J. W. Examples in the

classroom: pattern classification using the R language. Dyna, vol. 79 (173),
pp. 81-88, 2012.

[2] Velásquez-Henao, J. D., Rueda-Mejía, V. M. and Franco-Cardona, J. D.

Electricity demand forecasting using a SARIMA- multiplicative single
neuron hybrid model. Dyna, vol. 80 (180), pp. 4-8, 2013.

J. D. Velásquez-Henao, received the Bs. Eng in Civil Engineering in 1994,

the MS degree in Systems Engineering in 1997, and the PhD degree in
Energy Systems in 2009, all of them from the Universidad Nacional de
Colombia. Medellin, Colombia. From 1994 to 1999, he worked for
electricity utilities and consulting companies within the power sector and
since 2000 for the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Currently, he is a Full
Professor in the Computing and Decision Sciences Department, Facultad de
Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. His research interests include:
simulation, modeling and forecasting in energy markets; nonlinear time-
series analysis and forecasting using statistical and computational
intelligence techniques; and optimization using metaheuristics.
ORCID: xxx