Crop Production

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released October 10, 2019, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA).

Special Note

All forecasts in this report are based on conditions as of October 1, 2019 and assume normal weather for
the remainder of the growing season. Data were not adjusted to account for any potential departures from
normal between now and harvest.

As is done every year in October, planted and harvested acreage estimates were reviewed for corn,
sorghum, soybeans, sunflower, canola, sugarbeets, and dry edible beans and updated as needed based on
all available data, including the latest certified acreage data from the Farm Service Agency (FSA). All
States in the estimating program for these crops were subject to review and updating. Detailed estimates
can be found on pages 6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 22, and 23.

Corn Production Down Less Than 1 Percent from September Forecast

Soybean Production Down 2 Percent
Cotton Production Down 1 Percent
Orange Production Virtually Unchanged from Last Season

Corn production for grain is forecast at 13.8 billion bushels, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and
down 4 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 168.4 bushels per
harvested acre, up 0.2 bushel from the previous forecast but down 8.0 bushels from 2018. Area harvested for grain is
forecast at 81.8 million acres, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up slightly from 2018. Acreage
updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data.

Soybean production for beans is forecast at 3.55 billion bushels, down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down
20 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 46.9 bushels per acre, down
1.0 bushel from the previous forecast and down 3.7 bushels from 2018. Area harvested for beans in the United States is
forecast at 75.6 million acres, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 14 percent from 2018.
Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data.

All cotton production is forecast at 21.7 million 480-pound bales, down 1 percent from the previous forecast, but up
18 percent from 2018. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 833 pounds per harvested acre,
down 6 pounds from the previous forecast and down 31 pounds from 2018. Upland cotton production is forecast at
21.0 million 480-pound bales, down 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 19 percent from 2018. Pima cotton
production is forecast at 724,000 bales, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 10 percent from 2018. All cotton
area harvested is forecast at 12.5 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast, but up 23 percent from 2018.
The United States all orange forecast for the 2019-2020 season is 5.33 million tons, virtually unchanged from the
2018-2019 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 74.0 million boxes (3.33 million tons), is up 3 percent from
last season’s final utilization. Early, midseason, and Navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 32.0 million boxes
(1.44 million tons), up 5 percent from last season’s final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at
42.0 million boxes (1.89 million tons), is up 2 percent from last season’s final utilization.

The California Navel orange forecast is 47.0 million boxes (1.88 million tons), down 6 percent from last season’s final
utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast is 9.00 million boxes (360,000 tons), unchanged from last season’s
final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 2.70 million boxes (115,000 tons), is up 8 percent from last season’s
final utilization.

This report was approved on October 10, 2019.

Secretary of Agriculture Agricultural Statistics Board

Designate Chairperson
Robert Johansson Joseph L. Parsons

2 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents

Corn Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain – States and United States: 2018 and 2019 ............................. 6

Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Corn Production – United States Chart ................................................................................................................................... 8

Sorghum Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain – States and United States: 2018 and 2019....................... 9

Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019 ................ 10

Rice Production by Class – United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019 ............................................................... 10

Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019 ............................................. 11

Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Soybean Production – United States Chart ........................................................................................................................... 13

Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019 ............................................................ 14

Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Canola Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019 ................................................................. 17

Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019 ............ 17

Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Cottonseed Production – United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019 ................................................................... 19

Cotton Production – United States Chart .............................................................................................................................. 19

Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019 .................................................................................................................................................. 20

All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019............................................................. 22

Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Crop Production (October 2019) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019 ................................................................................................................................................... 22

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019 .................................................. 23

Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019 ................................................................................................................................................... 25

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2018-2019 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Pecan Production by Variety – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019 ........................................ 27

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2018 and 2019 ................... 28

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2018 and 2019........................ 30

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2019 and 2020................................................................... 32

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2019 and 2020 ....................................................................... 33

Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre – Selected States: 2015-2019 ............................................................................. 34

Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre – Selected States: 2015-2019 .............................................................................. 35

Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2015-2019 .............................................. 35

Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet – Selected States: 2015-2019 ....................................................................... 36

Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2015-2019 ........................................ 36

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2015-2019 ............................................................................................. 37

Percent of Normal Precipitation Map.................................................................................................................................... 38

Departure from Normal Temperature Map ........................................................................................................................... 38

September Weather Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 39

September Agricultural Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 39

Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 41

Statistical Methodology......................................................................................................................................................... 46

Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecast ............................................................................................................... 47

4 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 48

Crop Production (October 2019) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Corn Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain – States and United States: 2018 and 2019
[Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published]
Area planted Area harvested
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Alabama .............................. 260 320 250 305
Arizona ................................ 70 85 15 41
Arkansas .............................. 660 770 645 740
California ............................. 430 420 65 90
Colorado .............................. 1,470 1,550 1,200 1,260
Connecticut 2 ........................ 23 24 (NA) (NA)
Delaware ............................. 170 190 166 180
Florida .................................. 100 95 65 53
Georgia ................................ 325 390 285 345
Idaho .................................... 360 385 135 125

Illinois ................................... 11,000 10,500 10,850 10,250

Indiana ................................. 5,350 5,100 5,200 4,900
Iowa ..................................... 13,200 13,500 12,800 13,100
Kansas ................................. 5,450 6,400 5,000 6,000
Kentucky .............................. 1,340 1,550 1,230 1,450
Louisiana ............................. 460 570 450 550
Maine 2 ................................. 31 29 (NA) (NA)
Maryland .............................. 450 510 390 440
Massachusetts 2 ................... 14 15 (NA) (NA)
Michigan .............................. 2,300 2,050 1,940 1,740

Minnesota ............................ 7,900 7,800 7,490 7,310

Mississippi ........................... 480 660 465 625
Missouri ............................... 3,500 3,250 3,330 3,050
Montana ............................... 115 115 68 62
Nebraska ............................. 9,600 10,100 9,310 9,750
Nevada 2 .............................. 13 14 (NA) (NA)
New Hampshire 2 ................. 13 13 (NA) (NA)
New Jersey .......................... 72 77 61 63
New Mexico ......................... 135 140 35 41
New York ............................. 1,100 1,010 645 530

North Carolina ...................... 910 990 830 910

North Dakota ........................ 3,150 3,550 2,930 3,310
Ohio ..................................... 3,500 2,800 3,300 2,590
Oklahoma ............................ 320 370 280 325
Oregon ................................. 80 80 45 52
Pennsylvania ....................... 1,350 1,400 950 960
Rhode Island 2 ..................... 2 2 (NA) (NA)
South Carolina ..................... 340 380 310 345
South Dakota ....................... 5,300 4,400 4,860 3,920
Tennessee ........................... 740 970 690 920

Texas ................................... 2,200 2,500 1,750 2,050

Utah ..................................... 70 85 22 29
Vermont 2 ............................. 85 81 (NA) (NA)
Virginia ................................. 485 540 325 375
Washington .......................... 165 165 85 85
West Virginia ........................ 46 52 33 39
Wisconsin ............................ 3,900 3,850 3,170 2,840
Wyoming .............................. 95 95 70 65

United States ....................... 89,129 89,942 81,740 81,815

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Forecasted.
2
Area harvested for grain not estimated.

6 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Alabama ......................... 250 305 156.0 161.0 151.0 39,000 46,055
Arkansas ........................ 645 740 181.0 177.0 175.0 116,745 129,500
California ........................ 65 90 173.0 161.0 165.0 11,245 14,850
Colorado ......................... 1,200 1,260 130.0 148.0 144.0 156,000 181,440
Delaware ........................ 166 180 145.0 160.0 150.0 24,070 27,000
Georgia .......................... 285 345 176.0 166.0 168.0 50,160 57,960
Idaho .............................. 135 125 213.0 200.0 210.0 28,755 26,250
Illinois ............................. 10,850 10,250 210.0 180.0 179.0 2,278,500 1,834,750
Indiana ........................... 5,200 4,900 189.0 161.0 162.0 982,800 793,800
Iowa ................................ 12,800 13,100 196.0 191.0 192.0 2,508,800 2,515,200

Kansas ........................... 5,000 6,000 129.0 136.0 136.0 645,000 816,000

Kentucky ......................... 1,230 1,450 175.0 177.0 178.0 215,250 258,100
Louisiana ........................ 450 550 173.0 166.0 166.0 77,850 91,300
Maryland ......................... 390 440 146.0 165.0 167.0 56,940 73,480
Michigan ......................... 1,940 1,740 153.0 148.0 155.0 296,820 269,700
Minnesota ....................... 7,490 7,310 182.0 171.0 173.0 1,363,180 1,264,630
Mississippi ...................... 465 625 185.0 176.0 174.0 86,025 108,750
Missouri .......................... 3,330 3,050 140.0 160.0 155.0 466,200 472,750
Nebraska ........................ 9,310 9,750 192.0 186.0 186.0 1,787,520 1,813,500
New York ........................ 645 530 159.0 154.0 153.0 102,555 81,090

North Carolina ................ 830 910 113.0 110.0 110.0 93,790 100,100
North Dakota .................. 2,930 3,310 153.0 145.0 146.0 448,290 483,260
Ohio ................................ 3,300 2,590 187.0 158.0 160.0 617,100 414,400
Oklahoma ....................... 280 325 134.0 140.0 142.0 37,520 46,150
Pennsylvania .................. 950 960 140.0 155.0 160.0 133,000 153,600
South Carolina ................ 310 345 127.0 117.0 110.0 39,370 37,950
South Dakota .................. 4,860 3,920 160.0 156.0 154.0 777,600 603,680
Tennessee ...................... 690 920 168.0 175.0 175.0 115,920 161,000
Texas ............................. 1,750 2,050 108.0 140.0 142.0 189,000 291,100
Virginia ........................... 325 375 146.0 149.0 148.0 47,450 55,500
Washington .................... 85 85 220.0 200.0 210.0 18,700 17,850
Wisconsin ....................... 3,170 2,840 172.0 163.0 163.0 545,240 462,920

Other States 1 ................. 414 445 153.9 166.4 170.2 63,706 75,720

United States .................. 81,740 81,815 176.4 168.2 168.4 14,420,101 13,779,335
1
Other States include Arizona, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level
estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2019 Summary.

Crop Production (October 2019) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Corn Production – United States
Billion bushels
16.0

15.0

14.0

13.0

12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

8 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Sorghum Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain – States and United States:
2018 and 2019
[Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published]
Area planted Area harvested
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
2
Arkansas ........................... 12 (NA) 10 (NA)
Colorado .............................. 355 365 325 325
Georgia 2 ............................. 25 (NA) 15 (NA)
Illinois 2 ................................ 18 (NA) 16 (NA)
Kansas ................................ 2,800 2,600 2,650 2,400
Louisiana 2 ........................... 8 (NA) 6 (NA)
Mississippi 2 ......................... 4 (NA) 3 (NA)
Missouri 2 ............................. 30 (NA) 21 (NA)
Nebraska ............................. 230 195 170 140
New Mexico 2 ....................... 80 (NA) 47 (NA)

North Carolina 2 ................... 18 (NA) 8 (NA)

Oklahoma ............................ 300 305 240 270
South Dakota ....................... 260 245 200 180
Texas .................................. 1,550 1,550 1,350 1,400

United States ....................... 5,690 5,260 5,061 4,715

(NA) Not available.
1
Forecasted.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
1
Arkansas ........................... 10 (NA) 77.0 (NA) (NA) 770 (NA)
Colorado .............................. 325 325 53.0 48.0 45.0 17,225 14,625
Georgia 1 ............................. 15 (NA) 53.0 (NA) (NA) 795 (NA)
Illinois 1 ................................ 16 (NA) 111.0 (NA) (NA) 1,776 (NA)
Kansas ................................ 2,650 2,400 88.0 82.0 82.0 233,200 196,800
Louisiana 1 ........................... 6 (NA) 84.0 (NA) (NA) 504 (NA)
Mississippi 1 ......................... 3 (NA) 90.0 (NA) (NA) 270 (NA)
Missouri 1 ............................. 21 (NA) 100.0 (NA) (NA) 2,100 (NA)
Nebraska ............................. 170 140 94.0 93.0 93.0 15,980 13,020
New Mexico 1 ....................... 47 (NA) 38.0 (NA) (NA) 1,786 (NA)

North Carolina 1 ................... 8 (NA) 60.0 (NA) (NA) 480 (NA)

Oklahoma ............................ 240 270 50.0 53.0 52.0 12,000 14,040
South Dakota ....................... 200 180 80.0 83.0 83.0 16,000 14,940
Texas .................................. 1,350 1,400 46.0 68.0 68.0 62,100 95,200

United States ....................... 5,061 4,715 72.1 74.3 73.9 364,986 348,625
(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Crop Production (October 2019) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production 1
State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)
Arkansas ................ 1,427 1,126 7,520 7,450 7,500 107,325 84,450
California ............... 504 493 8,620 8,700 8,800 43,425 43,384
Louisiana ............... 436 415 7,130 6,700 6,650 31,094 27,598
Mississippi ............. 139 116 7,350 7,350 7,350 10,217 8,526
Missouri ................. 220 173 7,770 7,500 7,500 17,090 12,975
Texas ..................... 189 154 7,970 7,300 7,600 15,060 11,704

United States ......... 2,915 2,477 7,692 7,563 7,616 224,211 188,637
1
Includes sweet rice production.

Rice Production by Class – United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019
Year Long grain Medium grain Short grain 1 All
(1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)
2018 ........................ 163,956 57,339 2,916 224,211
2019 2 ...................... 127,536 58,817 2,284 188,637
1
Sweet rice production included with short grain.
2
The 2019 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all
rice yield.

10 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019
[Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published]
Area planted Area harvested
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Alabama .............................. 345 270 335 265
Arkansas ............................. 3,270 2,650 3,210 2,600
Delaware ............................. 170 155 168 153
Florida 2 ............................... 18 (NA) 12 (NA)
Georgia ............................... 145 100 130 95
Illinois .................................. 10,800 10,000 10,500 9,940
Indiana ................................ 6,000 5,400 5,960 5,370
Iowa ..................................... 9,950 9,200 9,830 9,130
Kansas ................................ 4,750 4,600 4,690 4,540
Kentucky .............................. 1,950 1,700 1,930 1,690

Louisiana ............................. 1,340 890 1,190 860

Maryland .............................. 530 480 515 475
Michigan .............................. 2,330 1,750 2,310 1,720
Minnesota ............................ 7,750 6,900 7,650 6,820
Mississippi ........................... 2,230 1,650 2,190 1,620
Missouri ............................... 5,850 5,100 5,780 5,030
Nebraska ............................. 5,650 5,000 5,590 4,950
New Jersey .......................... 110 97 107 95
New York ............................. 335 235 325 230
North Carolina ..................... 1,650 1,550 1,570 1,530

North Dakota ....................... 6,900 5,600 6,840 5,550

Ohio ..................................... 5,050 4,300 5,020 4,270
Oklahoma ............................ 640 460 600 440
Pennsylvania ....................... 640 630 630 625
South Carolina ..................... 390 340 330 330
South Dakota ....................... 5,650 3,600 5,580 3,560
Tennessee ........................... 1,700 1,400 1,670 1,380
Texas .................................. 175 80 135 68
Virginia ................................ 600 570 590 560
West Virginia 2 ..................... 29 (NA) 27 (NA)
Wisconsin ............................ 2,220 1,750 2,180 1,730

United States ....................... 89,167 76,457 87,594 75,626

(NA) Not available.
1
Forecasted.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Crop Production (October 2019) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Alabama .......................... 335 265 40.0 44.0 40.0 13,400 10,600
Arkansas .......................... 3,210 2,600 50.5 50.0 50.0 162,105 130,000
Delaware ......................... 168 153 41.5 45.0 43.0 6,972 6,579
Florida 1 ........................... 12 (NA) 37.0 (NA) (NA) 444 (NA)
Georgia ............................ 130 95 39.5 33.0 28.0 5,135 2,660
Illinois ............................... 10,500 9,940 63.5 53.0 51.0 666,750 506,940
Indiana ............................. 5,960 5,370 57.5 49.0 48.0 342,700 257,760
Iowa ................................. 9,830 9,130 56.0 54.0 53.0 550,480 483,890
Kansas ............................. 4,690 4,540 43.0 44.0 43.0 201,670 195,220
Kentucky .......................... 1,930 1,690 51.0 53.0 49.0 98,430 82,810

Louisiana ......................... 1,190 860 51.5 49.0 48.0 61,285 41,280

Maryland .......................... 515 475 47.5 44.0 45.0 24,463 21,375
Michigan .......................... 2,310 1,720 47.5 42.0 44.0 109,725 75,680
Minnesota ........................ 7,650 6,820 49.0 45.0 44.0 374,850 300,080
Mississippi ....................... 2,190 1,620 54.0 51.0 51.0 118,260 82,620
Missouri ........................... 5,780 5,030 44.5 46.0 46.0 257,210 231,380
Nebraska ......................... 5,590 4,950 58.0 58.0 56.0 324,220 277,200
New Jersey ...................... 107 95 39.5 42.0 41.0 4,227 3,895
New York ......................... 325 230 52.0 47.0 46.0 16,900 10,580
North Carolina .................. 1,570 1,530 33.0 38.0 37.0 51,810 56,610

North Dakota .................... 6,840 5,550 35.0 35.0 35.0 239,400 194,250
Ohio ................................. 5,020 4,270 56.0 48.0 48.0 281,120 204,960
Oklahoma ........................ 600 440 28.0 26.0 28.0 16,800 12,320
Pennsylvania ................... 630 625 44.5 48.0 50.0 28,035 31,250
South Carolina ................. 330 330 29.0 34.0 29.0 9,570 9,570
South Dakota ................... 5,580 3,560 45.0 44.0 43.0 251,100 153,080
Tennessee ....................... 1,670 1,380 45.5 50.0 47.0 75,985 64,860
Texas ............................... 135 68 31.5 29.0 29.0 4,253 1,972
Virginia ............................. 590 560 42.0 38.0 38.0 24,780 21,280
West Virginia 1 ................. 27 (NA) 53.0 (NA) (NA) 1,431 (NA)
Wisconsin ........................ 2,180 1,730 48.0 47.0 46.0 104,640 79,580

United States ................... 87,594 75,626 50.6 47.9 46.9 4,428,150 3,550,281
(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

12 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Soybean Production – United States
Billion bushels

4.9

4.4

3.9

3.4

2.9

2.4
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Crop Production (October 2019) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019
[Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published]
Varietal type Area planted Area harvested
and State 2018 2019 2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Oil
California ............................. 58.0 49.0 57.0 48.5
Colorado .............................. 58.0 47.0 49.0 43.0
Kansas ................................. 43.0 37.0 41.0 35.0
Minnesota ............................ 45.0 53.0 44.0 51.0
Nebraska ............................. 25.0 28.0 24.0 27.0
North Dakota ........................ 395.0 475.0 380.0 460.0
South Dakota ....................... 520.0 485.0 480.0 470.0
Texas ................................... 20.0 26.0 19.0 24.0

United States ....................... 1,164.0 1,200.0 1,094.0 1,158.5

Non-oil
California ............................. 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.6
Colorado .............................. 8.0 12.0 7.0 11.0
Kansas ................................. 10.0 12.0 8.5 11.0
Minnesota ............................ 7.5 5.2 6.9 4.8
Nebraska ............................. 12.0 10.0 9.5 9.0
North Dakota ........................ 41.0 65.0 40.0 62.0
South Dakota ....................... 51.0 48.0 45.0 45.0
Texas ................................... 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0

United States ....................... 137.0 158.8 123.4 148.4

All
California ............................. 60.0 50.6 59.0 50.1
Colorado .............................. 66.0 59.0 56.0 54.0
Kansas ................................. 53.0 49.0 49.5 46.0
Minnesota ............................ 52.5 58.2 50.9 55.8
Nebraska ............................. 37.0 38.0 33.5 36.0
North Dakota ........................ 436.0 540.0 420.0 522.0
South Dakota ....................... 571.0 533.0 525.0 515.0
Texas ................................... 25.5 31.0 23.5 28.0

United States ....................... 1,301.0 1,358.8 1,217.4 1,306.9

1
Forecasted.

14 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Varietal type Area harvested Yield per acre Production
and State 2018 2019 2018 2019 1
2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)
Oil
California ......................... 57.0 48.5 1,300 74,100
Colorado .......................... 49.0 43.0 1,100 53,900
Kansas ............................ 41.0 35.0 1,500 61,500
Minnesota ........................ 44.0 51.0 2,250 99,000
Nebraska ......................... 24.0 27.0 1,420 34,080
North Dakota ................... 380.0 460.0 1,750 665,000
South Dakota ................... 480.0 470.0 1,830 878,400
Texas .............................. 19.0 24.0 1,120 21,280

United States ................... 1,094.0 1,158.5 1,725 1,887,260

Non-oil
California ......................... 2.0 1.6 1,200 2,400
Colorado .......................... 7.0 11.0 1,150 8,050
Kansas ............................ 8.5 11.0 1,500 12,750
Minnesota ........................ 6.9 4.8 2,150 14,835
Nebraska ......................... 9.5 9.0 1,400 13,300
North Dakota ................... 40.0 62.0 1,860 74,400
South Dakota ................... 45.0 45.0 1,950 87,750
Texas .............................. 4.5 4.0 1,400 6,300

United States ................... 123.4 148.4 1,781 219,785

All
California ......................... 59.0 50.1 1,297 1,197 76,500 59,960
Colorado .......................... 56.0 54.0 1,106 1,061 61,950 57,300
Kansas ............................ 49.5 46.0 1,500 1,698 74,250 78,100
Minnesota ........................ 50.9 55.8 2,236 1,937 113,835 108,090
Nebraska ......................... 33.5 36.0 1,414 1,438 47,380 51,750
North Dakota ................... 420.0 522.0 1,760 1,832 739,400 956,400
South Dakota ................... 525.0 515.0 1,840 1,773 966,150 912,900
Texas .............................. 23.5 28.0 1,174 1,007 27,580 28,200

United States ................... 1,217.4 1,306.9 1,731 1,724 2,107,045 2,252,700

1
2019 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the Crop Production 2019 Summary.

Crop Production (October 2019) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019
Area planted Area harvested
State
2018 2019 2018 2019
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Alabama .............................. 165.0 160.0 161.0 157.0
Arkansas .............................. 26.0 35.0 23.0 34.0
Florida .................................. 155.0 165.0 143.0 155.0
Georgia ................................ 665.0 670.0 655.0 660.0
Mississippi ........................... 25.0 20.0 24.0 19.0
New Mexico ......................... 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.0
North Carolina ...................... 102.0 104.0 98.0 101.0
Oklahoma ............................ 16.0 16.0 15.0 15.0
South Carolina ..................... 87.0 65.0 80.0 62.0
Texas ................................... 155.0 160.0 145.0 150.0
Virginia ................................. 24.0 25.0 24.0 25.0

United States ....................... 1,425.5 1,425.0 1,373.5 1,383.0

Yield per acre Production
State 2019
2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)
Alabama .............................. 3,550 3,400 3,300 571,550 518,100
Arkansas .............................. 4,900 5,000 5,000 112,700 170,000
Florida .................................. 3,950 4,000 4,000 564,850 620,000
Georgia ................................ 4,390 4,400 4,200 2,875,450 2,772,000
Mississippi ........................... 3,900 4,300 4,300 93,600 81,700
New Mexico ......................... 2,850 3,200 3,200 15,675 16,000
North Carolina ...................... 3,870 4,200 4,300 379,260 434,300
Oklahoma ............................ 3,070 3,700 3,700 46,050 55,500
South Carolina ..................... 3,400 3,600 3,500 272,000 217,000
Texas ................................... 3,200 3,500 3,300 464,000 495,000
Virginia ................................. 4,200 3,900 4,100 100,800 102,500

United States ....................... 4,001 4,086 3,964 5,495,935 5,482,100

16 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Canola Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019
[Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published]
Area planted Area harvested
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Idaho 2 ................................. 43.0 (NA) 42.0 (NA)
Kansas ................................ 47.0 29.0 35.0 18.0
Minnesota ............................ 46.0 51.0 45.0 49.0
Montana .............................. 120.0 150.0 116.0 145.0
North Dakota ....................... 1,590.0 1,700.0 1,580.0 1,690.0
Oklahoma ............................ 70.0 35.0 53.0 21.0
Oregon 2 .............................. 4.7 (NA) 4.5 (NA)
Washington ......................... 70.0 75.0 67.0 71.0

United States ....................... 1,990.7 2,040.0 1,942.5 1,994.0

(NA) Not available.
1
Forecasted.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)
Idaho 1 ........................ 42.0 (NA) 2,100 (NA) 88,200 (NA)
Kansas ....................... 35.0 18.0 960 1,370 33,600 24,660
Minnesota ................... 45.0 49.0 2,060 2,130 92,700 104,370
Montana ..................... 116.0 145.0 1,120 1,450 129,920 210,250
North Dakota .............. 1,580.0 1,690.0 1,960 1,900 3,096,800 3,211,000
Oklahoma ................... 53.0 21.0 880 1,410 46,640 29,610
Oregon 1 ..................... 4.5 (NA) 1,700 (NA) 7,650 (NA)
Washington ................ 67.0 71.0 1,790 1,820 119,930 129,220

United States .............. 1,942.5 1,994.0 1,861 1,860 3,615,440 3,709,110

(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Crop Production (October 2019) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production 1
Type and State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 bales) 2 (1,000 bales) 2
Upland
Alabama .......................... 497.0 535.0 858 942 951 888.0 1,060.0
Arizona ............................ 159.0 159.0 1,319 1,509 1,525 437.0 505.0
Arkansas .......................... 480.0 610.0 1,133 1,157 1,157 1,133.0 1,470.0
California ......................... 47.0 54.0 1,910 1,644 1,742 187.0 196.0
Florida .............................. 93.0 111.0 532 908 930 103.0 215.0
Georgia ............................ 1,305.0 1,390.0 719 932 932 1,955.0 2,700.0
Kansas ............................. 152.0 160.0 1,077 960 960 341.0 320.0
Louisiana ......................... 189.0 270.0 1,067 978 1,013 420.0 570.0
Mississippi ....................... 615.0 710.0 1,141 1,115 1,115 1,462.0 1,650.0
Missouri ........................... 322.0 368.0 1,373 1,304 1,265 921.0 970.0

New Mexico ..................... 56.0 45.0 977 1,067 1,120 114.0 105.0
North Carolina .................. 415.0 495.0 812 931 921 702.0 950.0
Oklahoma ........................ 550.0 575.0 595 651 701 682.0 840.0
South Carolina ................. 275.0 295.0 733 830 765 420.0 470.0
Tennessee ....................... 355.0 400.0 1,041 1,116 1,128 770.0 940.0
Texas ............................... 4,350.0 6,000.0 756 640 624 6,850.0 7,800.0
Virginia ............................. 97.0 104.0 896 1,062 1,015 181.0 220.0

United States ................... 9,957.0 12,281.0 847 826 820 17,566.0 20,981.0

American Pima
Arizona ............................ 14.5 8.0 943 1,020 1,020 28.5 17.0
California ......................... 210.0 204.0 1,662 1,576 1,593 727.0 677.0
New Mexico ..................... 6.8 5.4 812 800 800 11.5 9.0
Texas ............................... 17.5 11.0 933 916 916 34.0 21.0

United States ................... 248.8 228.4 1,545 1,507 1,522 801.0 724.0

All
Alabama .......................... 497.0 535.0 858 942 951 888.0 1,060.0
Arizona ............................ 173.5 167.0 1,288 1,486 1,500 465.5 522.0
Arkansas .......................... 480.0 610.0 1,133 1,157 1,157 1,133.0 1,470.0
California ......................... 257.0 258.0 1,707 1,591 1,624 914.0 873.0
Florida .............................. 93.0 111.0 532 908 930 103.0 215.0
Georgia ............................ 1,305.0 1,390.0 719 932 932 1,955.0 2,700.0
Kansas ............................. 152.0 160.0 1,077 960 960 341.0 320.0
Louisiana ......................... 189.0 270.0 1,067 978 1,013 420.0 570.0
Mississippi ....................... 615.0 710.0 1,141 1,115 1,115 1,462.0 1,650.0
Missouri ........................... 322.0 368.0 1,373 1,304 1,265 921.0 970.0

New Mexico ..................... 62.8 50.4 959 1,038 1,086 125.5 114.0
North Carolina .................. 415.0 495.0 812 931 921 702.0 950.0
Oklahoma ........................ 550.0 575.0 595 651 701 682.0 840.0
South Carolina ................. 275.0 295.0 733 830 765 420.0 470.0
Tennessee ....................... 355.0 400.0 1,041 1,116 1,128 770.0 940.0
Texas ............................... 4,367.5 6,011.0 757 641 625 6,884.0 7,821.0
Virginia ............................. 97.0 104.0 896 1,062 1,015 181.0 220.0

United States ................... 10,205.8 12,509.4 864 839 833 18,367.0 21,705.0
1
Production ginned and to be ginned.
2
480-pound net weight bale.

18 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Cottonseed Production – United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019
Production
State
2018 2019 1
(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)
United States ............................ 5,631.0 6,725.0
1
Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio.

Cotton Production - United States

Million bales
24.0

22.0

20.0

18.0

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Crop Production (October 2019) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)
Arizona ........................ 260 285 8.30 8.10 2,158 2,309
California ..................... 620 560 6.90 6.00 4,278 3,360
Colorado ...................... 730 730 3.40 3.80 2,482 2,774
Idaho ............................ 1,050 1,020 4.20 4.00 4,410 4,080
Illinois ........................... 250 240 3.30 3.60 825 864
Indiana ......................... 240 270 3.00 3.60 720 972
Iowa ............................. 620 700 3.70 3.20 2,294 2,240
Kansas ......................... 610 560 3.50 3.50 2,135 1,960
Kentucky ...................... 145 115 3.10 3.20 450 368
Michigan ...................... 590 570 2.40 2.10 1,416 1,197

Minnesota .................... 720 850 2.85 2.90 2,052 2,465

Missouri ....................... 270 280 2.40 2.80 648 784
Montana ....................... 1,900 2,000 2.05 2.00 3,895 4,000
Nebraska ..................... 850 900 4.30 3.90 3,655 3,510
Nevada ........................ 185 215 4.70 5.20 870 1,118
New Mexico ................. 160 170 4.70 5.40 752 918
New York ..................... 300 290 2.40 2.80 720 812
North Dakota ................ 1,470 1,350 1.70 1.70 2,499 2,295
Ohio ............................. 350 320 3.10 2.60 1,085 832
Oklahoma .................... 230 200 2.70 3.40 621 680

Oregon ......................... 420 430 4.10 4.70 1,722 2,021

Pennsylvania ............... 300 315 2.90 2.80 870 882
South Dakota ............... 1,750 1,800 2.15 2.70 3,763 4,860
Texas ........................... 140 165 5.60 4.30 784 710
Utah ............................. 500 530 3.70 4.20 1,850 2,226
Virginia ......................... 40 45 3.00 3.00 120 135
Washington .................. 350 320 4.50 5.20 1,575 1,664
Wisconsin .................... 820 850 2.35 2.80 1,927 2,380
Wyoming ...................... 590 610 2.70 2.30 1,593 1,403

Other States 1 .............. 148 138 3.14 2.90 465 400

United States ............... 16,608 16,828 3.17 3.22 52,634 54,219

1
Other States include Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina,
Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2019 Summary.

20 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)
Alabama 1 .......................... 850 760 2.80 2.50 2,380 1,900
Arkansas ........................... 1,200 1,180 1.80 2.00 2,160 2,360
California ........................... 360 330 3.90 3.50 1,404 1,155
Colorado ............................ 690 730 1.65 1.80 1,139 1,314
Georgia 1 ........................... 600 580 2.90 2.90 1,740 1,682
Idaho ................................. 290 240 2.10 2.00 609 480
Illinois ................................ 220 230 2.20 2.20 484 506
Indiana .............................. 270 300 2.45 2.10 662 630
Iowa ................................... 320 380 2.20 2.60 704 988
Kansas .............................. 1,750 1,700 1.50 1.90 2,625 3,230

Kentucky ............................ 1,750 2,000 2.65 2.40 4,638 4,800

Louisiana 1 ......................... 380 390 2.20 2.40 836 936
Michigan ............................ 220 230 1.80 1.60 396 368
Minnesota .......................... 500 450 2.05 2.00 1,025 900
Mississippi 1 ....................... 590 600 2.10 2.30 1,239 1,380
Missouri ............................. 2,800 2,900 1.70 2.20 4,760 6,380
Montana ............................ 1,000 900 1.70 1.50 1,700 1,350
Nebraska ........................... 1,850 1,600 1.80 1.70 3,330 2,720
New York ........................... 920 920 2.20 2.00 2,024 1,840
North Carolina ................... 810 810 2.70 2.40 2,187 1,944

North Dakota ..................... 1,200 1,300 1.60 1.70 1,920 2,210

Ohio ................................... 620 640 2.05 2.10 1,271 1,344
Oklahoma .......................... 3,000 3,100 1.50 1.90 4,500 5,890
Oregon .............................. 580 620 2.30 2.40 1,334 1,488
Pennsylvania ..................... 890 820 2.10 2.40 1,869 1,968
South Dakota ..................... 1,500 1,450 1.35 1.70 2,025 2,465
Tennessee ......................... 1,700 1,750 2.45 2.80 4,165 4,900
Texas ................................ 4,600 4,300 1.65 2.20 7,590 9,460
Virginia .............................. 1,100 1,100 2.20 2.20 2,420 2,420
Washington ....................... 410 360 2.90 3.00 1,189 1,080

West Virginia ..................... 520 480 1.70 1.80 884 864

Wisconsin .......................... 540 550 1.90 1.90 1,026 1,045
Wyoming ........................... 500 530 1.60 1.60 800 848

Other States 2 .................... 1,701 1,715 2.31 2.26 3,931 3,868

United States ..................... 36,231 35,945 1.96 2.13 70,966 76,713

1
Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay.
2
Other States include Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
Mexico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2019 Summary.

Crop Production (October 2019) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019
[Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published]
Area planted Area harvested
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
California ............................. 24.6 24.6 24.6 24.2
Colorado .............................. 26.3 25.1 25.5 24.5
Idaho .................................... 163.0 171.0 163.0 166.0
Michigan .............................. 150.0 146.0 147.0 145.0
Minnesota ............................ 415.0 427.0 408.0 421.0
Montana ............................... 43.5 41.9 42.4 41.6
Nebraska ............................. 45.5 44.1 44.1 43.6
North Dakota ........................ 202.0 212.0 199.0 208.0
Oregon ................................. 9.3 9.9 9.3 9.7
Washington .......................... 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0
Wyoming .............................. 32.1 31.3 30.7 30.6

United States ....................... 1,113.1 1,134.9 1,095.4 1,116.2

1
Forecasted.

Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019
[Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California]
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)
California 1 ................ 24.6 24.2 44.4 43.9 43.9 1,092 1,062
Colorado ................... 25.5 24.5 32.6 33.0 33.0 831 809
Idaho ......................... 163.0 166.0 40.5 40.2 40.2 6,602 6,673
Michigan ................... 147.0 145.0 29.1 28.1 27.5 4,278 3,988
Minnesota ................. 408.0 421.0 25.7 26.7 27.0 10,486 11,367
Montana .................... 42.4 41.6 31.1 31.5 31.3 1,319 1,302
Nebraska .................. 44.1 43.6 31.9 28.1 27.6 1,407 1,203
North Dakota ............. 199.0 208.0 28.8 28.0 28.3 5,731 5,886
Oregon ...................... 9.3 9.7 39.4 39.2 39.3 366 381
Washington ............... 1.8 2.0 48.2 48.2 48.3 87 97
Wyoming ................... 30.7 30.6 30.8 27.4 27.4 946 838

United States ............ 1,095.4 1,116.2 30.3 30.0 30.1 33,145 33,606
1
Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California.

Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre 1 Production 1
State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)
Florida ....................... 412.3 411.0 41.9 44.1 44.2 17,256 18,166
Louisiana .................. 448.5 480.0 35.4 32.4 32.0 15,861 15,360
Texas ........................ 38.9 33.3 36.6 37.0 37.5 1,425 1,249

United States ............ 899.7 924.3 38.4 37.8 37.6 34,542 34,775
1
Net tons.

22 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2018 and 2019
[Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Excludes beans grown for garden seed. Beginning in 2019, chickpeas
are excluded]
Area planted Area harvested
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 1
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
California ............................. 48.0 26.5 47.7 25.5
Colorado .............................. 42.0 37.0 31.5 35.0
Idaho ................................... 185.0 58.0 183.0 57.5
Michigan .............................. 195.0 190.0 193.0 187.0
Minnesota ............................ 175.0 210.0 168.0 201.0
Montana 2 ............................ 395.0 (NA) 386.0 (NA)
Nebraska ............................. 140.0 120.0 131.0 110.0
North Dakota ....................... 635.0 620.0 615.0 600.0
Texas 2 ................................ 18.0 (NA) 16.0 (NA)
Washington ......................... 218.0 25.0 217.0 25.0
Wyoming ............................. 30.0 21.0 27.8 19.5

United States ....................... 2,081.0 1,307.5 2,016.0 1,260.5

(NA) Not available.
1
Forecasted.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019
[Excludes beans grown for garden seed. Beginning in 2019, chickpeas are excluded]
Area harvested Yield per acre 1 Production 1
State
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)
California ............... 47.7 25.5 2,500 2,200 1,191 561
Colorado ................ 31.5 35.0 2,120 1,920 668 672
Idaho ..................... 183.0 57.5 1,710 2,100 3,127 1,208
Michigan ................ 193.0 187.0 2,400 2,100 4,635 3,927
Minnesota .............. 168.0 201.0 2,360 2,150 3,964 4,322
Montana 2 .............. 386.0 (NA) 1,350 (NA) 5,214 (NA)
Nebraska ............... 131.0 110.0 2,480 2,020 3,249 2,222
North Dakota ......... 615.0 600.0 1,760 1,660 10,806 9,960
Texas 2 .................. 16.0 (NA) 1,100 (NA) 176 (NA)
Washington ........... 217.0 25.0 1,780 2,100 3,857 525
Wyoming ............... 27.8 19.5 2,180 2,130 607 415

United States ......... 2,016.0 1,260.5 1,860 1,889 37,494 23,812

(NA) Not available.
1
Clean basis.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Crop Production (October 2019) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted
October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)
Georgia ............................ 12,500 9,000 1,900 2,000 2,000 23,750 18,000
Kentucky .......................... 68,100 57,700 1,973 2,196 2,197 134,370 126,790
North Carolina .................. 152,750 118,400 1,649 1,999 1,799 251,925 213,040
Pennsylvania ................... 7,800 5,700 2,231 2,326 2,326 17,400 13,260
South Carolina ................. 12,300 8,000 1,800 2,000 1,700 22,140 13,600
Tennessee ....................... 15,700 13,800 2,523 2,332 2,278 39,610 31,440
Virginia ............................. 22,280 16,020 1,977 2,181 1,993 44,046 31,932

United States ................... 291,430 228,620 1,830 2,090 1,960 533,241 448,062

24 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2018
and Forecasted October 1, 2019
Area harvested Yield per acre Production
Class, type, and State 2019
2018 2019 2018 2018 2019
September 1 October 1
(1,000 (1,000
(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)
pounds) pounds)
Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)
Georgia ............................................................ 12,500 9,000 1,900 2,000 2,000 23,750 18,000
North Carolina .................................................. 152,000 118,000 1,650 2,000 1,800 250,800 212,400
South Carolina .................................................. 12,300 8,000 1,800 2,000 1,700 22,140 13,600
Virginia ............................................................. 21,000 15,000 2,000 2,200 2,000 42,000 30,000

United States .................................................... 197,800 150,000 1,712 2,020 1,827 338,690 274,000

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ........................................................... 11,000 9,500 3,200 3,100 3,100 35,200 29,450
Tennessee ........................................................ 7,600 6,400 3,050 2,700 2,700 23,180 17,280
Virginia ............................................................. 280 320 1,950 2,100 2,100 546 672

United States .................................................... 18,880 16,220 3,121 2,920 2,922 58,926 47,402

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley
Kentucky ....................................................... 50,000 41,000 1,600 1,900 1,900 80,000 77,900
North Carolina .............................................. 750 400 1,500 1,600 1,600 1,125 640
Pennsylvania ................................................ 4,000 2,500 2,200 2,400 2,400 8,800 6,000
Tennessee .................................................... 5,300 4,000 1,700 1,600 1,500 9,010 6,000
Virginia ......................................................... 1,000 700 1,500 1,800 1,800 1,500 1,260

United States ................................................ 61,050 48,600 1,645 1,897 1,889 100,435 91,800

Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt

Pennsylvania ................................................ 1,400 1,000 2,200 2,200 2,200 3,080 2,200

United States ................................................ 1,400 1,000 2,200 2,200 2,200 3,080 2,200

Total light air-cured (31-32) ............................ 62,450 49,600 1,658 1,903 1,895 103,515 94,000

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)

Kentucky ........................................................... 7,100 7,200 2,700 2,800 2,700 19,170 19,440
Tennessee ........................................................ 2,800 3,400 2,650 2,500 2,400 7,420 8,160

United States .................................................... 9,900 10,600 2,686 2,704 2,604 26,590 27,600

Class 4, Cigar filler

Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf
Pennsylvania ................................................ 2,400 2,200 2,300 2,300 2,300 5,520 5,060

United States ................................................ 2,400 2,200 2,300 2,300 2,300 5,520 5,060

All tobacco
United States .................................................... 291,430 228,620 1,830 2,090 1,960 533,241 448,062

Crop Production (October 2019) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2018-2019 and
Forecasted October 1, 2019
[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]
Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent
Crop and State
2018-2019 2019-2020 2018-2019 2019-2020
(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)
Oranges
California, all ........................................... 49,800 47,000 1,992 1,880
Early, mid, and Navel 2 .......................... 40,800 38,000 1,632 1,520
Valencia ................................................ 9,000 9,000 360 360

Florida, all ............................................... 71,750 74,000 3,229 3,330

Early, mid, and Navel 2 .......................... 30,400 32,000 1,368 1,440
Valencia ................................................ 41,350 42,000 1,861 1,890

Texas, all ................................................ 2,500 2,700 106 115

Early, mid, and Navel 2 .......................... 2,210 2,050 94 87
Valencia ................................................ 290 650 12 28

United States, all ..................................... 124,050 123,700 5,327 5,325

Early, mid, and Navel 2 .......................... 73,410 72,050 3,094 3,047
Valencia ................................................ 50,640 51,650 2,233 2,278

Grapefruit
California ................................................ 3,200 4,200 128 168
Florida, all ............................................... 4,510 4,600 192 196
Red ....................................................... 3,740 3,900 159 166
White .................................................... 770 700 33 30
Texas ...................................................... 6,100 5,700 244 228

United States .......................................... 13,810 14,500 564 592

Tangerines and mandarins 3

California ................................................ 26,000 23,000 1,040 920
Florida ..................................................... 990 1,050 47 50

United States .......................................... 26,990 24,050 1,087 970

Lemons
Arizona ................................................... 1,350 1,400 54 56
California ................................................ 22,800 20,000 912 800

United States .......................................... 24,150 21,400 966 856

1
Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in
California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80.
2
Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas.
3
Includes tangelos and tangors.

26 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Pecan Production by Variety – States and United States: 2018 and Forecasted October 1, 2019
Utilized production (in-shell basis)
State and variety
2018 2019
(1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)
Alabama 1 .................................................................. 1,600 (NA)
Improved ................................................................. 1,490 (NA)
Native and seedling ................................................. 110 (NA)

Arizona ...................................................................... 27,900 38,000

Improved ................................................................. 27,900 38,000

California 1 ................................................................. 3,700 (NA)

Improved ................................................................. 3,700 (NA)

Georgia ..................................................................... 70,000 76,000

Improved ................................................................. 70,000 76,000

Louisiana 1 ................................................................. 6,030 (NA)

Improved ................................................................. 2,510 (NA)
Native and seedling ................................................. 3,520 (NA)

New Mexico ............................................................... 91,100 97,000

Improved ................................................................. 91,100 97,000

Oklahoma .................................................................. 9,000 23,000

Improved ................................................................. 2,970 4,600
Native and seedling ................................................. 6,030 18,400

Texas ........................................................................ 33,600 47,000

Improved ................................................................. 28,800 37,600
Native and seedling ................................................. 4,800 9,400

United States ............................................................. 242,930 281,000

Improved ................................................................. 228,470 253,200
Native and seedling ................................................. 14,460 27,800
(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Crop Production (October 2019) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2018 and 2019
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2019 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Area planted Area harvested
Crop
2018 2019 2018 2019
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Grains and hay
Barley ..................................................................................... 2,548 2,721 1,982 2,214
Corn for grain 1 ........................................................................ 89,129 89,942 81,740 81,815
Corn for silage ........................................................................ (NA) 6,113
Hay, all .................................................................................... (NA) (NA) 52,839 52,773
Alfalfa .................................................................................. (NA) (NA) 16,608 16,828
All other ............................................................................... (NA) (NA) 36,231 35,945
Oats ........................................................................................ 2,746 2,810 865 842
Proso millet ............................................................................. 443 433 403
Rice ........................................................................................ 2,946 2,540 2,915 2,477
Rye ......................................................................................... 2,011 1,865 273 310
Sorghum for grain 1 ................................................................. 5,690 5,260 5,061 4,715
Sorghum for silage .................................................................. (NA) 264
Wheat, all ................................................................................ 47,815 45,158 39,612 38,052
Winter ................................................................................. 32,542 31,159 24,742 24,327
Durum ................................................................................. 2,073 1,339 1,974 1,290
Other spring ........................................................................ 13,200 12,660 12,896 12,435

Oilseeds
Canola .................................................................................... 1,990.7 2,040.0 1,942.5 1,994.0
Cottonseed ............................................................................. (X) (X) (X) (X)
Flaxseed ................................................................................. 208 355 198 340
Mustard seed .......................................................................... 102.5 110.0 97.5 104.5
Peanuts .................................................................................. 1,425.5 1,425.0 1,373.5 1,383.0
Rapeseed ............................................................................... 5.7 14.8 5.4 14.0
Safflower ................................................................................. 167.5 153.0 156.4 145.5
Soybeans for beans ................................................................ 89,167 76,457 87,594 75,626
Sunflower ................................................................................ 1,301.0 1,358.8 1,217.4 1,306.9

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ............................................................................... 14,100.3 13,761.5 10,205.8 12,509.4
Upland ................................................................................ 13,850.0 13,531.0 9,957.0 12,281.0
American Pima .................................................................... 250.3 230.5 248.8 228.4
Sugarbeets ............................................................................. 1,113.1 1,134.9 1,095.4 1,116.2
Sugarcane .............................................................................. (NA) (NA) 899.7 924.3
Tobacco .................................................................................. (NA) (NA) 291.4 228.6

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 2 ............................................................. 16.4 (NA) 10.9 (NA)
Chickpeas 3 ............................................................................. 859.6 445.2 842.8 437.0
Dry edible beans 3 ................................................................... 2,081.0 1,307.5 2,016.0 1,260.5
Dry edible peas 2 ..................................................................... 856.5 1,097.0 807.9 1,046.0
Lentils ..................................................................................... 780.0 481.0 718.0 459.0
Wrinkled seed peas 2 .............................................................. (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Hops ....................................................................................... (NA) (NA) 55.0 55.8
Maple syrup ............................................................................ (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Mushrooms ............................................................................. (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Peppermint oil ......................................................................... (NA) 58.5
Potatoes ................................................................................. 1,026.5 967.5 1,014.8 959.6
Spearmint oil ........................................................................... (NA) 20.8
Taro (Hawaii) 4 ........................................................................ (NA) (NA) 0.3 (NA)
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued

28 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2018 and 2019 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2019 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Yield per acre Production
Crop
2018 2019 2018 2019
(1,000) (1,000)
Grains and hay
Barley ......................................................................... bushels 77.5 77.4 153,527 171,343
Corn for grain .............................................................. bushels 176.4 168.4 14,420,101 13,779,335
Corn for silage ..................................................................tons 19.9 121,361
Hay, all .............................................................................tons 2.34 2.48 123,600 130,932
Alfalfa ...........................................................................tons 3.17 3.22 52,634 54,219
All other ........................................................................tons 1.96 2.13 70,966 76,713
Oats ............................................................................ bushels 64.9 64.4 56,130 54,194
Proso millet ................................................................. bushels 29.8 11,991
Rice 5 ................................................................................. cwt 7,692 7,616 224,211 188,637
Rye ............................................................................. bushels 30.9 34.3 8,432 10,622
Sorghum for grain ....................................................... bushels 72.1 73.9 364,986 348,625
Sorghum for silage ............................................................tons 12.6 3,326
Wheat, all ................................................................... bushels 47.6 51.6 1,885,156 1,961,734
Winter ..................................................................... bushels 47.9 53.6 1,183,939 1,304,003
Durum ..................................................................... bushels 39.5 44.8 77,985 57,741
Other spring ............................................................ bushels 48.3 48.3 623,232 599,990

Oilseeds
Canola .........................................................................pounds 1,861 1,860 3,615,440 3,709,110
Cottonseed .......................................................................tons (X) (X) 5,631.0 6,725.0
Flaxseed ..................................................................... bushels 22.6 4,466
Mustard seed ...............................................................pounds 750 73,078
Peanuts ....................................................................... pounds 4,001 3,964 5,495,935 5,482,100
Rapeseed ....................................................................pounds 1,524 8,230
Safflower .....................................................................pounds 1,511 236,380
Soybeans for beans .................................................... bushels 50.6 46.9 4,428,150 3,550,281
Sunflower ....................................................................pounds 1,731 1,724 2,107,045 2,252,700

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 5 ..................................................................... bales 864 833 18,367.0 21,705.0
Upland 5 ...................................................................... bales 847 820 17,566.0 20,981.0
American Pima 5 ......................................................... bales 1,545 1,522 801.0 724.0
Sugarbeets .......................................................................tons 30.3 30.1 33,145 33,606
Sugarcane ........................................................................tons 38.4 37.6 34,542 34,775
Tobacco ....................................................................... pounds 1,830 1,960 533,241 448,062

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 2 5 ...................................................... cwt 1,138 (NA) 124 (NA)
Chickpeas 3 5 ..................................................................... cwt 1,512 1,642 12,742 7,174
Dry edible beans 3 5 ........................................................... cwt 1,860 1,889 37,494 23,812
Dry edible peas 2 5 ............................................................. cwt 1,972 2,131 15,929 22,289
Lentils 5 .............................................................................. cwt 1,171 1,428 8,408 6,553
Wrinkled seed peas 2 ......................................................... cwt (NA) (NA) 389 (NA)

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Hops ............................................................................ pounds 1,943 1,906 106,906.7 106,371.0
Maple syrup ................................................................. gallons (NA) (NA) 4,199 4,240
Mushrooms .................................................................. pounds (NA) (NA) 917,235 846,491
Peppermint oil ..............................................................pounds 92 5,377
Potatoes ............................................................................ cwt 443 450,020
Spearmint oil ...............................................................pounds 124 2,571
Taro (Hawaii) 4 ............................................................. pounds 9,630 (NA) 2,985 (NA)
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Beginning in 2019, Austrian winter peas and wrinkled seed peas are included in dry edible peas.
3
Beginning in 2019, chickpeas are excluded from dry edible beans.
4
Estimates discontinued in 2019.
5
Yield in pounds.

Crop Production (October 2019) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2018 and 2019
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2019 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Area planted Area harvested
Crop
2018 2019 2018 2019
(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)
Grains and hay
Barley ........................................................................ 1,031,150 1,101,160 802,100 895,980
Corn for grain 1 ........................................................... 36,069,620 36,398,630 33,079,360 33,109,710
Corn for silage ........................................................... (NA) 2,473,870
Hay, all 2 .................................................................... (NA) (NA) 21,383,410 21,356,710
Alfalfa ..................................................................... (NA) (NA) 6,721,090 6,810,120
All other .................................................................. (NA) (NA) 14,662,320 14,546,580
Oats ........................................................................... 1,111,280 1,137,180 350,060 340,750
Proso millet ................................................................ 179,280 175,230 163,090
Rice ........................................................................... 1,192,220 1,027,910 1,179,670 1,002,420
Rye ............................................................................ 813,830 754,750 110,480 125,450
Sorghum for grain 1 .................................................... 2,302,690 2,128,670 2,048,140 1,908,110
Sorghum for silage ..................................................... (NA) 106,840
Wheat, all 2 ................................................................ 19,350,250 18,274,990 16,030,580 15,399,260
Winter .................................................................... 13,169,420 12,609,740 10,012,840 9,844,890
Durum .................................................................... 838,920 541,880 798,860 522,050
Other spring ........................................................... 5,341,910 5,123,380 5,218,880 5,032,320

Oilseeds
Canola ....................................................................... 805,620 825,570 786,110 806,950
Cottonseed ................................................................ (X) (X) (X) (X)
Flaxseed .................................................................... 84,180 143,660 80,130 137,590
Mustard seed ............................................................. 41,480 44,520 39,460 42,290
Peanuts ..................................................................... 576,890 576,680 555,840 559,690
Rapeseed .................................................................. 2,310 5,990 2,190 5,670
Safflower .................................................................... 67,790 61,920 63,290 58,880
Soybeans for beans ................................................... 36,084,990 30,941,380 35,448,420 30,605,090
Sunflower ................................................................... 526,500 549,890 492,670 528,890

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2 ................................................................ 5,706,250 5,569,140 4,130,190 5,062,430
Upland ................................................................... 5,604,960 5,475,860 4,029,500 4,970,000
American Pima ....................................................... 101,290 93,280 100,690 92,430
Sugarbeets ................................................................ 450,460 459,280 443,300 451,710
Sugarcane ................................................................. (NA) (NA) 364,100 374,050
Tobacco ..................................................................... (NA) (NA) 117,940 92,520

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 3 ................................................ 6,640 (NA) 4,410 (NA)
Chickpeas 4 ................................................................ 347,870 180,170 341,070 176,850
Dry edible beans 4 ...................................................... 842,160 529,130 815,860 510,110
Dry edible peas 3 ........................................................ 346,620 443,940 326,950 423,310
Lentils ........................................................................ 315,660 194,660 290,570 185,750
Wrinkled seed peas 3 ................................................. (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Hops .......................................................................... (NA) (NA) 22,270 22,580
Maple syrup ............................................................... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Mushrooms ................................................................ (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Peppermint oil ............................................................ (NA) 23,670
Potatoes .................................................................... 415,410 391,540 410,680 388,340
Spearmint oil .............................................................. (NA) 8,420
Taro (Hawaii) 5 ........................................................... (NA) (NA) 130 (NA)
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued

30 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2018 and 2019 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2019 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Yield per hectare Production
Crop
2018 2019 2018 2019
(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)
Grains and hay
Barley ..................................................................................... 4.17 4.16 3,342,660 3,730,550
Corn for grain .......................................................................... 11.07 10.57 366,287,440 350,011,230
Corn for silage ........................................................................ 44.50 110,096,850
Hay, all 2 ................................................................................. 5.24 5.56 112,128,030 118,779,510
Alfalfa ................................................................................. 7.10 7.22 47,748,760 49,186,650
All other .............................................................................. 4.39 4.78 64,379,270 69,592,860
Oats ........................................................................................ 2.33 2.31 814,720 786,620
Proso millet ............................................................................. 1.67 271,950
Rice ........................................................................................ 8.62 8.54 10,170,040 8,556,430
Rye ......................................................................................... 1.94 2.15 214,180 269,810
Sorghum for grain ................................................................... 4.53 4.64 9,271,070 8,855,480
Sorghum for silage .................................................................. 28.24 3,017,300
Wheat, all 2 ............................................................................. 3.20 3.47 51,305,540 53,389,650
Winter ................................................................................. 3.22 3.60 32,221,540 35,489,150
Durum ................................................................................. 2.66 3.01 2,122,400 1,571,450
Other spring ........................................................................ 3.25 3.24 16,961,600 16,329,050

Oilseeds
Canola .................................................................................... 2.09 2.08 1,639,940 1,682,420
Cottonseed ............................................................................. (X) (X) 5,108,360 6,100,820
Flaxseed ................................................................................. 1.42 113,440
Mustard seed .......................................................................... 0.84 33,150
Peanuts .................................................................................. 4.48 4.44 2,492,910 2,486,640
Rapeseed ............................................................................... 1.71 3,730
Safflower ................................................................................ 1.69 107,220
Soybeans for beans ................................................................ 3.40 3.16 120,514,490 96,622,810
Sunflower ............................................................................... 1.94 1.93 955,740 1,021,810

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2 ............................................................................. 0.97 0.93 3,998,940 4,725,710
Upland ................................................................................ 0.95 0.92 3,824,550 4,568,070
American Pima ................................................................... 1.73 1.71 174,400 157,630
Sugarbeets ............................................................................. 67.83 67.49 30,068,640 30,486,850
Sugarcane .............................................................................. 86.06 84.34 31,335,980 31,547,350
Tobacco .................................................................................. 2.05 2.20 241,870 203,240

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 3 ............................................................. 1.28 (NA) 5,620 (NA)
Chickpeas 4 ............................................................................ 1.69 1.84 577,970 325,410
Dry edible beans 4 .................................................................. 2.08 2.12 1,700,700 1,080,090
Dry edible peas 3 .................................................................... 2.21 2.39 722,530 1,011,010
Lentils ..................................................................................... 1.31 1.60 381,380 297,240
Wrinkled seed peas 3 .............................................................. (NA) (NA) 17,640 (NA)

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Hops ....................................................................................... 2.18 2.14 48,490 48,250
Maple syrup ............................................................................ (NA) (NA) 21,000 21,200
Mushrooms ............................................................................. (NA) (NA) 416,050 383,960
Peppermint oil ......................................................................... 0.10 2,440
Potatoes ................................................................................. 49.70 20,412,570
Spearmint oil .......................................................................... 0.14 1,170
Taro (Hawaii) 5 ........................................................................ 10.80 (NA) 1,350 (NA)
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Total may not add due to rounding.
3
Beginning in 2019, Austrian winter peas and wrinkled seed peas are included in dry edible peas.
4
Beginning in 2019, chickpeas are excluded from dry edible beans.
5
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Crop Production (October 2019) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2019 and 2020
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2019-2020 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Production
Crop
2019 2020

Citrus 1
Grapefruit ..............................................................................................1,000 tons 564 592
Lemons .................................................................................................1,000 tons 966 856
Oranges ................................................................................................ 1,000 tons 5,327 5,325
Tangerines and mandarins .................................................................... 1,000 tons 1,087 970

Noncitrus
Apples, commercial .........................................................................million pounds 10,630.0
Apricots .......................................................................................................... tons 64,500
Avocados ....................................................................................................... tons
Blueberries, Cultivated ..................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Blueberries, Wild (Maine) ................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Cherries, Sweet ............................................................................................. tons 362,000
Cherries, Tart ..................................................................................million pounds 290.2
Coffee (Hawaii) ................................................................................ 1,000 pounds
Cranberries .................................................................................................. barrel 9,040,000

Dates ............................................................................................................. tons

Grapes ........................................................................................................... tons 7,500,000
Kiwifruit (California) ........................................................................................ tons
Nectarines (California) ................................................................................... tons
Olives (California) .......................................................................................... tons
Papayas (Hawaii) ............................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Peaches ......................................................................................................... tons 733,500
Pears ............................................................................................................. tons 805,000
Plums (California) .......................................................................................... tons
Prunes (California) ......................................................................................... tons 110,000
Raspberries, all ............................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Strawberries ........................................................................................... 1,000 cwt

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ........................................................... 1,000 pounds 2,200,000
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ........................................................................... tons 49,000
Macadamias (Hawaii) ....................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Pecans, in-shell ................................................................................ 1,000 pounds 281,000
Pistachios (California) ...................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Walnuts, in-shell (California) .......................................................................... tons 630,000
1
Production years are 2018-2019 and 2019-2020.

32 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2019 and 2020
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2019-2020 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Production
Crop
2019 2020
(metric tons) (metric tons)
Citrus 1
Grapefruit ............................................................................................................. 511,650 537,050
Lemons ................................................................................................................ 876,340 776,550
Oranges ................................................................................................................ 4,832,570 4,830,760
Tangerines and mandarins ................................................................................... 986,110 879,970

Noncitrus
Apples, commercial .............................................................................................. 4,821,690
Apricots ................................................................................................................ 58,510
Avocados ..............................................................................................................
Blueberries, Cultivated ..........................................................................................
Blueberries, Wild (Maine) ......................................................................................
Cherries, Sweet .................................................................................................... 328,400
Cherries, Tart ........................................................................................................ 131,630
Coffee (Hawaii) .....................................................................................................
Cranberries ........................................................................................................... 410,050

Dates ....................................................................................................................
Grapes ................................................................................................................. 6,803,890
Kiwifruit (California) ...............................................................................................
Nectarines (California) ..........................................................................................
Olives (California) .................................................................................................
Papayas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................
Peaches ............................................................................................................... 665,420
Pears .................................................................................................................... 730,280
Plums (California) .................................................................................................
Prunes (California) ................................................................................................ 99,790
Raspberries, all .....................................................................................................
Strawberries .........................................................................................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ................................................................................ 997,900
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ................................................................................. 44,450
Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........................................................................................
Pecans, in-shell .................................................................................................... 127,460
Pistachios (California) ...........................................................................................
Walnuts, in-shell (California) ................................................................................. 571,530
1
Production years are 2018-2019 and 2019-2020.

Crop Production (October 2019) 33

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during
2019. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain
specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey.

Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre – Selected States: 2015-2019
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
State State
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
and month and month
(number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number)
Illinois Nebraska
September ...... 31,800 31,100 30,800 32,000 31,100 All corn
October ........... 31,750 31,100 30,900 32,000 30,950 September ... 26,650 25,900 25,950 27,100 25,850
November ....... 31,750 31,100 30,950 32,000 October ........ 26,750 25,950 25,800 26,750 25,850
Final ................ 31,750 31,100 30,950 32,000 November .... 26,700 26,000 25,700 26,750
Final ............. 26,700 26,000 25,700 26,750
Indiana
September ...... 30,400 30,200 29,550 30,450 29,300 Irrigated
October ........... 30,100 29,950 29,350 30,400 29,050 September ... 29,100 28,200 29,050 30,300 28,300
November ....... 30,000 29,800 29,200 30,400 October ........ 29,300 28,200 29,000 29,900 28,350
Final ................ 29,950 29,800 29,200 30,400 November .... 29,250 28,300 28,750 29,900
Final ............. 29,250 28,300 28,750 29,900
Iowa
September ...... 31,500 31,250 31,300 31,350 30,850 Non-irrigated
October ........... 31,450 31,050 31,150 31,150 30,800 September ... 23,500 22,900 22,500 23,350 23,300
November ....... 31,450 31,050 31,150 31,100 October ........ 23,550 23,000 22,200 23,100 23,250
Final ................ 31,450 31,050 31,150 31,100 November .... 23,550 23,000 22,250 23,150
Final ............. 23,550 23,000 22,250 23,150
Kansas
September ...... 23,400 22,550 22,050 22,600 21,350 Ohio
October ........... 23,750 22,550 22,100 22,450 21,200 September ..... 30,000 30,250 29,250 30,550 30,050
November ....... 23,800 22,550 22,300 22,450 October .......... 30,000 30,100 29,150 30,400 30,100
Final ................ 23,800 22,550 22,300 22,450 November ...... 29,950 30,250 29,100 30,400
Final ............... 29,950 30,250 29,100 30,400
Minnesota
September ...... 30,650 30,800 30,750 30,950 30,700 South Dakota
October ........... 30,750 30,700 30,550 30,900 30,650 September ..... 26,350 26,200 26,250 27,000 26,400
November ....... 30,750 30,550 30,600 30,900 October .......... 26,250 26,100 26,200 26,750 26,100
Final ................ 30,750 30,550 30,600 30,900 November ...... 26,200 26,000 26,200 27,000
Final ............... 26,200 26,000 26,200 27,000
Missouri
September ...... 27,900 27,300 27,850 28,500 28,200 Wisconsin
October ........... 27,600 27,750 27,850 28,400 27,500 September ..... 29,900 30,100 29,450 31,000 30,250
November ....... 27,600 27,800 27,950 28,400 October .......... 29,700 29,900 29,100 30,600 30,150
Final ................ 27,600 27,800 27,950 28,400 November ...... 29,450 29,800 29,150 30,650
Final ............... 29,450 29,800 29,100 30,650

10 State
September ..... 29,550 29,050 28,800 29,500 28,650
October .......... 29,500 28,950 28,700 29,350 28,500
November ...... 29,450 28,950 28,700 29,400
Final ............... 29,450 28,950 28,700 29,350

34 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre – Selected States: 2015-2019
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
State State
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
and month and month
(number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number)
Illinois Nebraska
September ....... 30,800 30,350 30,200 31,550 30,300 All corn
October ........... 30,750 30,450 30,300 31,500 30,300 September .... 26,650 25,700 25,800 27,100 25,850
November ........ 30,800 30,450 30,250 31,500 October ......... 26,700 25,350 26,050 26,750 25,950
Final ................ 30,800 30,450 30,250 31,500 November ..... 26,700 25,400 25,950 26,800
Final ............. 26,700 25,400 25,950 26,800
Indiana
September ....... 29,550 29,600 28,900 30,000 28,900 Irrigated
October ........... 29,300 29,400 29,100 29,800 28,700 September .... 29,000 27,850 28,650 29,950 28,200
November ........ 29,250 29,250 28,850 29,750 October ......... 29,250 27,500 28,950 29,350 28,150
Final ................ 29,150 29,250 28,850 29,750 November ..... 29,200 27,550 28,750 29,300
Final ............. 29,200 27,550 28,750 29,300
Iowa
September ....... 30,950 30,550 30,600 31,150 30,250 Non-irrigated
October ........... 30,800 30,400 30,600 30,900 30,200 September .... 23,650 22,850 22,600 23,850 23,500
November ........ 30,850 30,500 30,600 30,800 October ......... 23,550 22,550 22,800 23,650 23,700
Final ................ 30,850 30,500 30,600 30,800 November ..... 23,550 22,550 22,900 23,850
Final ............. 23,550 22,550 22,900 23,850
Kansas
September ....... 23,300 22,650 22,800 22,350 21,550 Ohio
October ........... 23,700 22,450 22,600 21,650 22,250 September ...... 29,650 29,750 29,500 30,750 29,850
November ........ 23,650 22,450 22,650 21,700 October .......... 29,650 29,200 29,250 30,300 29,750
Final ................ 23,650 22,450 22,650 21,700 November ....... 29,600 29,600 29,150 30,300
Final ............... 29,600 29,600 29,150 30,300
Minnesota
September ....... 30,500 30,550 30,750 30,850 30,050 South Dakota
October ........... 30,400 30,350 30,850 30,850 29,800 September ...... 26,200 25,650 26,250 28,100 26,450
November ........ 30,450 30,250 30,850 30,800 October .......... 25,900 25,350 26,150 27,750 25,300
Final ................ 30,450 30,250 30,600 30,800 November ....... 25,750 25,450 26,200 27,950
Final ............... 25,750 25,450 25,850 28,050
Missouri
September ....... 27,350 26,900 27,750 27,400 26,950 Wisconsin
October ........... 26,900 27,150 27,800 27,300 26,950 September ...... 29,500 29,300 28,950 30,700 29,850
November ........ 26,850 27,150 27,850 27,300 October .......... 28,950 28,900 28,800 30,450 30,250
Final ................ 26,850 27,150 27,850 27,300 November ....... 28,600 28,750 28,600 30,450
Final ............... 28,600 28,750 28,550 30,450

10-State
September ...... 29,050 28,550 28,550 29,350 28,200
October .......... 28,950 28,350 28,550 29,100 28,200
November ....... 28,900 28,400 28,500 29,100
Final ............... 28,900 28,400 28,450 29,100

Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2015-2019
October November
Year
Dent stage 1 Mature 2 Dent stage 1 Mature 2
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
2015 .................................... 16 70 (Z) 96
2016 .................................... 17 73 (Z) 96
2017 .................................... 41 51 (Z) 96
2018 .................................... 13 80 (Z) 96
2019 .................................... 49 29
(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.
1
Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels.
2
Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present.

Crop Production (October 2019) 35

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Soybean Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during
2019. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific
counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey.

Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet – Selected States: 2015-2019
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
State State
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
and month and month
(number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number)
Arkansas Missouri
September ...... 1,729 1,884 1,992 1,841 1,759 September ..... 1,612 1,881 2,041 1,777 1,719
October ........... 1,737 1,805 1,898 1,795 1,731 October .......... 1,755 2,006 2,172 1,899 1,754
November ....... 1,813 1,820 2,039 1,943 November ...... 1,869 2,123 2,253 1,948
Final ................ 1,818 1,826 2,075 1,973 Final ............... 1,899 2,164 2,239 1,961

Illinois Nebraska
September ...... 1,980 1,969 1,917 2,132 1,696 September ..... 1,816 1,947 1,653 1,736 1,669
October ........... 2,052 2,109 1,886 2,225 1,683 October .......... 1,863 2,036 1,795 2,071 1,777
November ....... 2,086 2,193 1,947 2,249 November ...... 1,884 2,074 1,853 2,174
Final ................ 2,079 2,197 1,947 2,264 Final ............... 1,884 2,074 1,853 2,174

Indiana North Dakota

September ...... 1,641 1,683 1,795 1,880 1,496 September ..... 1,321 1,395 1,406 1,418 1,147
October ........... 1,703 1,775 1,772 2,001 1,501 October .......... 1,330 1,444 1,430 1,485 1,246
November ....... 1,691 1,873 1,774 2,054 November ...... 1,337 1,442 1,465 1,515
Final ................ 1,691 1,873 1,774 2,052 Final ............... 1,337 1,470 1,451 1,514

Iowa Ohio
September ...... 1,779 1,808 1,644 1,823 1,601 September ..... 1,621 1,773 1,765 2,019 1,563
October ........... 1,805 1,801 1,670 1,984 1,642 October .......... 1,691 1,715 1,714 2,180 1,760
November ....... 1,834 1,861 1,717 2,082 November ...... 1,776 1,782 1,828 2,210
Final ................ 1,834 1,890 1,735 2,097 Final ............... 1,776 1,782 1,823 2,210

Kansas South Dakota

September ...... 1,285 1,467 1,487 1,552 1,561 September ..... 1,541 1,561 1,511 1,649 1,504
October ........... 1,602 1,643 1,472 1,456 1,604 October .......... 1,557 1,639 1,472 1,867 1,316
November ....... 1,715 1,720 1,561 1,548 November ...... 1,563 1,709 1,457 1,822
Final ................ 1,715 1,737 1,561 1,558 Final ............... 1,563 1,665 1,457 1,724

Minnesota 11-State
September ...... 1,637 1,614 1,359 1,605 1,465 September ..... 1,672 1,741 1,678 1,786 1,561
October ........... 1,644 1,625 1,407 1,616 1,474 October .......... 1,731 1,800 1,692 1,895 1,593
November ....... 1,612 1,658 1,480 1,569 November ...... 1,763 1,862 1,751 1,938
Final ................ 1,612 1,658 1,480 1,569 Final ............... 1,764 1,870 1,752 1,938

Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2015-2019
October November
Year 1
Mature Mature 1
(percent) (percent)
2015 .................................... 54 95
2016 .................................... 53 93
2017 .................................... 49 93
2018 .................................... 57 93
2019 .................................... 25
1
Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature.

36 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Cotton Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in four cotton-producing States during
2019. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific
counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2015-2019

[Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs
per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
State and month 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)
Arkansas
September ....................................... 763 800 911 891 900
October ........................................... 769 769 839 910 896
November ........................................ 856 779 825 892
December ........................................ 856 779 825 892
Final ................................................ 856 779 825 892

Georgia
September ....................................... 645 562 593 605 598
October ........................................... 630 668 608 737 783
November ........................................ 748 719 680 712
December ........................................ 759 725 684 719
Final ................................................ 759 725 684 713

Louisiana 1
September ....................................... 676 654 648 759 (NA)
October ........................................... 776 760 667 734 (NA)
November ........................................ 794 784 665 739
December ........................................ 793 784 665 739
Final ................................................ 793 784 665 739

Mississippi
September ....................................... 887 953 904 871 944
October ........................................... 839 942 810 895 895
November ........................................ 898 974 804 846
December ........................................ 898 974 797 846
Final ................................................ 898 974 797 846

North Carolina 1
September ....................................... 551 558 637 601 (NA)
October ........................................... 620 599 705 641 (NA)
November ........................................ 624 660 769 714
December ........................................ 632 660 769 719
Final ................................................ 632 660 769 719

Texas
September ....................................... 566 467 592 570 458
October ........................................... 442 474 602 576 438
November ........................................ 481 528 603 553
December ........................................ 492 547 615 583
Final ................................................ 495 546 614 582

4-State 2
September ....................................... 601 532 633 627 551
October ........................................... 518 554 635 661 562
November ........................................ 571 604 649 640
December ........................................ 581 618 656 659
Final ................................................ 583 618 656 657
(NA) Not available.
1
Objective yield survey discontinued in 2019.
2
6-State total prior to 2019.

Crop Production (October 2019) 37

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
38 Crop Production (October 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
September Weather Summary

Summer-like heat (monthly temperatures 5 to 10°F above normal) baked the Southeast, favoring summer crop maturation
and harvesting. However, the hot weather—accompanied by little or no rainfall in most areas—stressed pastures and
depleted topsoil moisture. The hot, dry weather extended as far north as the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic States. By
September 29, pastures were rated more than 40 percent very poor to poor in Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Indiana,
Kentucky, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and the Carolinas. In addition, topsoil moisture was at least
90 percent very short to short on that date in in Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, and Maryland.

In stark contrast, excessively wet conditions across the northern Plains hampered late-season small grain harvest efforts
and threatened the quality of crops remaining in the field. In late September, a particularly strong storm delivered heavy
precipitation, including wind-driven snow, in northern sections of the Rockies and High Plains.

Heavy precipitation also extended into the Northwest, providing drought relief, and across the northern and
western Corn Belt. The upper Midwestern wetness was detrimental to crops, maintaining a slow pace of development for
late-planted corn and soybeans. Although warm, dry weather benefited crops in the southeastern Corn Belt, overall
development remained significantly behind the normal pace. By September 29, just 43 percent of the Nation’s corn crop
was fully mature—the slowest crop development pace since 2009. Only 55 percent of the soybeans were dropping leaves
on that date, comparable to the slowest development pace in the last one-quarter century—56 percent in 1996.

Farther south, shower activity increased during September across portions of the southern Plains, improving prospects for
newly planted winter wheat and benefiting rangeland and pastures. In Texas, topsoil moisture rated very short to short
improved from 84 to 64 percent between September 1 and 29. Showers also provided some limited drought relief in the
Southwest, particularly across southern Arizona.

Elsewhere, two named tropical systems affected the mainland United States during September. Hurricane Dorian grazed
the southern Atlantic Coast early in the month, officially making landfall on Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on
September 6, with maximum sustained winds near 90 mph. Although heavy rain and high winds affected some coastal
locations, Dorian’s inland agricultural impacts were relatively minor. Less than 2 weeks later, on September 17,
Tropical Storm Imelda suddenly developed and moved inland near Freeport, Texas. Imelda delivered inundating rainfall
(1 to 3 feet or more) across a relatively small geographic area, mainly in southeastern Texas, but caused only localized
agricultural losses.

September Agricultural Summary

September was warmer than average for parts of Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, the Mississippi Valley, New Mexico,
North Carolina, Ohio, the southern Plains, Virginia, and West Virginia with temperatures averaging 6°F or more above
normal. However, temperatures were cooler in parts of Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New England, and
the Pacific Northwest. During the month of September the United States remained extremely dry except along the
Carolina coastline, northern Illinois, western North Dakota, southeast Texas, and southern Wisconsin.

By September 1, eighty-one percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 14 percentage points behind
the previous year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the acreage was denting by
September 1, thirty-two percentage points behind the previous year and 22 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
Six percent of the 2019 corn acreage had reached maturity as of September 1, fourteen percentage points behind the
previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 15, ninety-three percent of the corn
acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 6 percentage points behind the previous year and 5 percentage points behind
the 5-year average. Sixty-eight percent of the acreage was dented by September 15, twenty-four percentage points behind
last year and 19 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the 2019 corn acreage had reached
maturity as of September 15, thirty-three percentage points behind the previous year and 21 percentage points behind the
5-year average. By September 15, four percent of the 2019 acreage was harvested, 4 percentage points behind the
previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Eighty-eight percent of the acreage was dented by
September 29, twelve percentage points behind the previous year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By
September 29, forty-three percent of the 2019 corn acreage had reached maturity, forty-one percentage points behind the

Crop Production (October 2019) 39

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
previous year and 30 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the 2019 acreage was harvested by
September 29, fourteen percentage points behind the previous year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average
pace. Overall, 57 percent of the Nation’s corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on September 29,
twelve percentage points below the same time last year.

Ninety-six percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage had reached the blooming stage by September 1, four percentage
points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. By September 1, eighty-six percent of the Nation’s soybean
acreage was setting pods, 12 percentage points behind the previous year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. By September 15, ninety-five percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage was setting pods, 5 percentage points
behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage was at or beyond
the leaf dropping stage by September 15, thirty-five percentage points behind the previous year and 23 percentage points
behind the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage was at or beyond the leaf dropping stage by
September 29, twenty-six percentage points behind the previous year and 21 percentage points behind 5-year average. By
September 29, soybean harvest was 7 percent complete across the Nation, 15 percentage points behind the previous year
and 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 55 percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage was rated in
good to excellent condition on September 29, thirteen percentage points below the same time last year.

Eight percent of the Nations intended 2020 winter wheat acreage was sown by September 15, four percentage points
behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. By September 29, producers had sown 39 percent of the intended
2020 winter wheat acreage, two percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year
average. Nationwide, 11 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by September 29, one percentage point behind
the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

By September 1, ninety-seven percent of the Nation’s cotton acreage had set bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of the
previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-six percent of the Nation’s cotton had open bolls
by September 1, eight percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
By September 15, fifty-four percent of the Nation’s cotton acreage had open bolls, 6 percentage points ahead of the
previous year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nine percent of the Nation’s cotton acreage was
harvested by September 15, four percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By
September 29, seventy-seven percent of the Nation’s cotton acreage had open bolls, 11 percentage points ahead of the
previous year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixteen percent of the Nation’s cotton acreage was
harvested by September 29, three percentage points behind the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year
average. Overall, 40 percent of the 2019 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on September 29,
two percentage points below the same time last year.

By September 1, ninety-two percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage had reached the heading stage, 4 percentage points
behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-two percent of Nation’s sorghum
acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 1, fifteen percentage points behind the previous year and
12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 1, twenty-four percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage
was considered mature, 6 percentage points behind the previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
Seventy-six percent of Texas’ sorghum acreage had reached the mature stage by September 1, two percentage points
ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Twenty-one percent of the 2019 sorghum acreage was harvested
by September 1, one percentage point behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. By September 15,
seventy-nine percent of Nation’s sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage, eight percentage points behind the
previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage was
considered mature by September 15, six percentage points behind the previous year and 10 percentage points behind the
5-year average. Eighty-seven percent of Texas’ sorghum acreage had reached maturity by September 15, seven percentage
points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 15,
twenty-four percent of the 2019 sorghum acreage was harvested, two percentage points behind the previous year and
3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage was at or beyond the
coloring stage by September 29, two percentage points behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. By
September 29, fifty-four percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage was considered mature, 6 percentage points behind the
previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-one percent of Texas’ sorghum acreage had
reached maturity by September 29, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year and 9 percentage points ahead of

40 Crop Production (October 2019)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
the 5-year average. Thirty percent of the 2019 sorghum acreage was harvested by September 29, three percentage points
behind the previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 65 percent of the Nation’s sorghum
acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on September 29, eleven percentage points above the same time last year.

Nationally, 21 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 1, eight percentage points behind the previous year
and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 46 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by
September 15, two percentage points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Overall, 69 percent of the
Nation’s rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on September 15, five percentage points below the same
time last year. Nationally, 68 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 29, one percentage point behind the
previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

Eighty-four percent of the Nation’s oat acreage had been harvested by September 1, nine percentage points behind the
previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 15, ninety-two percent of the Nation’s oat
acreage had been harvested, 4 percentage points behind the previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation’s oat acreage had been harvested by September 22, four percentage points
behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

By September 1, seventy-two percent of the Nation’s barley acreage was harvested, 11 percentage points behind both the
previous year and the 5-year average. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation’s barley acreage was harvested by
September 15, eight percentage points behind the previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By
September 29, ninety-six percent of the Nation’s barley acreage was harvested, 4 percentage points behind both the
previous year and the 5-year average.

Fifty-five percent of the spring wheat acreage was harvested by September 1, thirty-one percentage points behind last year
and 23 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 67 percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage was rated in
good to excellent condition on September 1, seven percentage points below the same time last year. By September 15,
seventy-six percent of the spring wheat acreage was harvested, 20 percentage points behind the previous year and
17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety percent of the spring wheat acreage was harvested by
September 29, ten percentage points behind last year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

By September 15, five percent of the Nation’s peanut acreage was harvested, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous
year but equal to the 5-year average. Twenty-six percent of the Nation’s peanut acreage was harvested as of
September 29, seven percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Overall, 55 percent of the
Nation’s peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on September 29, sixteen percentage points below the
same time last year.

Sugarbeet producers harvested 8 percent of the Nation’s acreage by September 15, three percentage points behind the
previous year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 29, sugarbeet producers had harvested
16 percent of the Nation’s acreage, 5 percentage points behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the
5-year average.

Crop Comments

Corn: Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at
89.9 million acres, is down slightly from the previous estimate. Acreage harvested for grain is forecast at 81.8 million
acres, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but up slightly from 2018.

The October 1 corn objective yield data indicate the lowest number of ears since 2012 for the combined 10 objective yield
States, (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin).

At 13.8 billion bushels, 2019 corn production for grain is forecast to be the 6th highest production on record for the
United States. The forecasted yield, at 168.4 bushels per acre, is up 0.2 bushel from the previous forecast of 168.2 bushels
per acre. Record high yields are forecast for Kentucky and Tennessee.

Crop Production (October 2019) 41

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
By September 1, eighty-one percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 14 percentage points behind
last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 1, forty-one percent of the corn acreage was
denting, 32 percentage points behind last year and 22 percentage points behind the 5-year average. All of the estimating
States, except Texas, were behind their respective 5-year average for denting progress on September 1. Six percent of the
2019 corn acreage had matured by September 1, fourteen percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points
behind the 5-year average.

By September 15, ninety-three percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 6 percentage points behind
last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 15, sixty-eight percent of the corn acreage was
dented, 24 percentage points behind last year and 19 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the
2019 corn acreage had reached maturity as of September 15, thirty-three percentage points behind last year and
21 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Four percent of the 2019 acreage was harvested by September 15,
four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace.

By September 29, eighty-eight percent of the corn acreage was dented, 12 percentage points behind last year and
10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty-three percent of the 2019 corn acreage had reached maturity by
September 29, forty-one percentage points behind last year and 30 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
Eleven percent of the corn acreage was harvested by September 29, fourteen percentage points behind last year and
8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 57 percent of the Nation’s corn was rated in good to excellent
condition as of September 29, twelve percentage points below the same time last year.

Sorghum: Production is forecast at 349 million bushels, down 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 4 percent
from last year. Acreage updates were made in several States following a thorough review of all available data. Planted
area, at 5.26 million acres, is down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down 8 percent from last year. Area
harvested for grain is forecast at 4.72 million acres, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down
7 percent from 2018. Based on October 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 73.9 bushels per acre, 0.4 bushel lower than the
previous forecast but 1.8 bushels per acre above the 2018 yield of 72.1 bushels per acre. Growers are expecting a record
high yield in South Dakota.

As of September 29, ninety-five percent of the acreage was at the coloring stage, 2 percentage points behind last year but
equal to the 5-year average. Fifty-four percent of the acreage was considered mature, 6 percentage points behind last year
and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty percent of the acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points
behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-five percent of the acreage was rated in good to
excellent condition on September 29, eleven percentage points above the same time last year.

Rice: Production is forecast at 189 million cwt, up 1 percent from the previous forecast, but down 16 percent from last
year. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.48 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 15 percent
from last year. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,616 pounds per acre,
up 53 pounds from the previous forecast, but 76 pounds lower than the 2018 average yield of 7,692 pounds per acre.

As of September 29, sixty-eight percent of the rice acreage was harvested, 1 percentage point behind the same time last
year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. As of September 29, harvest was virtually complete in
Louisiana and Texas.

Soybeans: Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at
76.5 million acres, is down less than 1 percent from the previous estimate. Harvested area is forecast at 75.6 million acres,
down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 14 percent from 2018.

The October objective yield data for the combined 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a lower pod count compared to
the previous year. Compared with final counts for 2018, pod counts are down in 10 of the 11 published States. A decrease
of more than 400 pods per 18 square feet from 2018's final pod count is expected in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, and
South Dakota.

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As of September 29, fifty-five percent of the United States soybean acreage was at or beyond the leaf dropping stage,
26 percentage points behind last year and 21 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Soybean harvest was 7 percent
complete as of September 29, fifteen percentage points behind last year and 13 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. At that time, harvest progress was at or behind the respective State 5-year average pace in 15 of the 18 estimating
States. As of September 29, fifty-four percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition,
14 percentage points below the same time last year.

If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Pennsylvania.

Sunflower: The first production forecast for 2019 is 2.25 billion pounds, up 7 percent from the revised 2018 production
of 2.11 billion pounds. Area planted, at 1.36 million acres, is down 2 percent from the June estimate but up 4 percent from
last year. Sunflower growers expect to harvest 1.31 million acres, down 1 percent from the June forecast but up 7 percent
from the 2018 acreage. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data.
Both planted area and the harvested area forecast for the Nation will be the second lowest since 1976. The October yield
forecast, at 1,724 pounds per acre, is 7 pounds lower than last year’s yield but will be the third highest on record, if
realized.

As of October 1, lower yields are expected in 5 of the 8 published States compared with last year, with increases only
expected in Kansas, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Compared with last year, the average yield forecast in South Dakota is
down 67 pounds per acre from 2018, but will represent the fifth highest yield on record, if realized. In contrast, the
average yield forecast in North Dakota is up 72 pounds per acre to a record high 1,832 pounds per acre, if realized. The
forecasted production in North Dakota, the leading sunflower-producing State this year, is 956 million pounds, an increase
of 29 percent from 2018.

By the beginning of October, harvest was underway in Colorado and Kansas but had not yet begun in the Dakotas. As of
October 6, harvest was one percent complete, 4 percentage points behind both last year’s pace and the 5-year average.

Peanuts: Production is forecast at 5.48 billion pounds, down 3 percent from the previous forecast and down less than
1 percent from the revised 2018 total of 5.50 billion pounds. Harvested area is expected to total 1.38 million acres,
unchanged from the previous forecast but up 1 percent from 2018. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average yield
for the United States is forecast at 3,964 pounds per acre, down 122 pounds from the previous forecast and down
37 pounds from the 2018 average yield of 4,001 pounds per acre. Record high production is forecast in Arkansas.

As of September 29, twenty-six percent of the 2019 peanut acreage had been harvested, 7 percentage points ahead of both
last year and the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on
September 29, compared with 71 percent at the same time last year.

Canola: The first production forecast for 2019 is 3.71 billion pounds, up 3 percent from the 2018 revised production of
3.62 billion pounds. If realized, this will be the largest production on record for the United States. Area planted, at
2.04 million acres, is up 1 percent from the June estimate and up 2 percent from last year’s area. Canola farmers expect to
harvest 1.99 million acres, up less than 1 percent from June and up 3 percent from 2018. Acreage updates were made in
several States based on a thorough review of all available data. Both planted and the harvested area forecast for the Nation
will be the second largest on record. The October yield forecast, at 1,860 pounds per acre, is 1 pound below last year’s
record high yield. If realized, the yield forecast in Minnesota will be the highest on record since the published data series
began in that State.

The yield in North Dakota, the largest canola-producing State, is forecast at 1,900 pounds per acre, down 60 pounds from
last year’s yield. Planted area in North Dakota is estimated at a record high 1.70 million acres, up 7 percent from last year.
Planting of the this year’s canola crop in North Dakota was generally similar to last year’s pace, but did not catch up to
the 5-year average until the end of May. Blooming of the canola crop began in late June, behind both last year’s pace and
the 5-year average pace. As of June 30, only 15 percent of the canola acreage was blooming, 52 percentage points behind
last year’s pace and 44 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Maturation of the crop remained behind both
last year’s pace and the 5-year average pace through July and into August. Harvest began in mid-August and progressed
to 67 percent complete by September 29, twenty-seven percentage points behind last year and 28 percentage points behind

Crop Production (October 2019) 43

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
the 5-year average. Sixty-nine percent of the crop was harvested by October 6.

Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 12.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous
forecast but up 23 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area, at 228,400 acres, is unchanged from the previous
forecast but down 8 percent from last year.

As of September 29, forty percent of the cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 42
percent at the same time last year. As of September 29, seventy-seven percent of the cotton acreage had open bolls,
11 percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixteen percent of the cotton
acreage had been harvested by September 29, three percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the
5-year average.

If realized, the forecasted yield for Upland cotton in Florida and Tennessee will be a record high.

Ginnings totaled 1,282,950 running bales prior to October 1, compared with 1,287,350 running bales ginned prior to the
same date last year.

Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production of alfalfa and alfalfa mixture dry hay for 2019 is forecast at 54.2 million tons,
down 2 percent from the previous forecast but up 3 percent from 2018. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are
expected to average 3.22 tons per acre, down 0.07 ton from the previous forecast but up 0.05 ton from last year. Harvested
area is forecast at 16.8 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast, but up 1 percent from 2018. Record high
yields are expected in Nevada and New Mexico.

Other hay: Production of other hay is forecast at 76.7 million tons, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up
8 percent from 2018. Based on October 1 conditions, the United States yield is expected to average 2.13 tons per acre, up
0.02 ton from the previous forecast and up 0.17 ton from last year. If realized, this would represent a new record high for
the United States, surpassing the previous record of 2.09 tons per acre in 2016. Harvested area is forecast at 35.9 million
acres, unchanged from the previous forecast, but down 1 percent from 2018.

Much of the country has received significant precipitation this year. While moisture has hindered fieldwork at times, it has
encouraged forage growth. Favorable conditions in Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee have producers expecting record high
yields in 2019.

Dry beans: Production of dry edible beans is forecast at 23.8 million cwt, down 3 percent from the August forecast and
down 37 percent from 2018. Area planted is estimated at 1.31 million acres, down 2 percent from the August forecast and
down 37 percent from 2018. Area harvested is forecast at 1.26 million acres, down 2 percent from the August forecast and
37 percent below 2018. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data.
The average United States yield is forecast at 1,889 pounds per acre, a decrease of 30 pounds from the August forecast,
but an increase of 29 pounds from last season. Beginning in 2019, estimates no longer include chickpeas.

Tobacco: The 2019 United States all tobacco production is forecast at 448 million pounds, down 7 percent from the
previous forecast and down 16 percent from 2018. Area harvested, at 228,620 acres, is down 1 percent from the previous
month and down 22 percent from last year. If realized, this will be the lowest harvested acreage on record. Yield for the
2019 crop year is forecast at 1,960 pounds per acre, down 130 pounds from last month but 130 pounds above last year.

Flue-cured production is expected to total 274 million pounds, down 10 percent from last month and 19 percent from
2018. North Carolina growers reported suffering wind damage from Hurricane Dorian, with reports of bruised leaves,
leaning plants, and leaves blown to the ground. Burley production is expected to total 91.8 million pounds,
down 4 percent from the last month and 9 percent from last year.

Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2019 crop year is forecast at 33.6 million tons, up slightly from last month
and up 1 percent from last year. Area planted, at 1.13 million acres, is up slightly from the August forecast and up
2 percent from last year’s planted area. Sugarbeet producers expect to harvest 1.12 million acres, down slightly from the
previous forecast but up 2 percent from 2018. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of

44 Crop Production (October 2019)

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all available data. Yield is forecast at 30.1 tons per acre, an increase of 0.1 ton from the previous forecast but a decrease of
0.2 ton from last year.

Michigan’s early harvest was going well until some rainfall in late September. Montana’s harvest was also delayed due to
excessive rain. Crop development was behind in Minnesota, Montana, and North Dakota. Minnesota and North Dakota’s
sugarbeet growing regions were suffering from either too much rain or not enough. Cercospora Leaf Spot continued to be
of concern in both States, but was still under control.

Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 2019 is forecast at 34.8 million tons, up slightly from last
month, and one percent above last year. Producers intend to harvest 924,300 acres for sugar and seed during the 2019 crop
year, up one percent from last month and up 3 percent from last year. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average
37.6 tons per acre down 0.2 ton from last month, and down 0.8 ton from 2018.

Crop height was below average in Louisiana fields. Favorable weather for the past three weeks allowed growers to
complete planting. Harvest in Louisiana is expected to start the first of October, and harvest in Texas should begin mid-
October.

Grapefruit: The United States 2019-2020 grapefruit crop is forecast at 592,000 tons, up 5 percent from last season’s final
utilization. In Texas, expected production, at 5.70 million boxes (228,000 tons), is down 7 percent from last year.

Lemons: The forecast for the 2019-2020 United States lemon crop is 856,000 tons, down 11 percent from last season’s
final utilization. The California production forecast, at 20.0 million boxes (800,000 tons), is down 12 percent from the
2018-2019 season.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 970,000 tons, down 11 percent
from last season’s final utilization. The California forecast, at 23.0 million boxes (920,000 tons), is down 12 percent from
the previous year. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast is up 6 percent from last year.

Pecans: Production is forecast at 281 million pounds (utilized, in-shell basis), up 21 percent for comparable States in
2018. Improved varieties are expected to produce 253 million pounds or 90 percent of the total. The native and seedling
varieties are expected to produce 27.8 million pounds, making up the remaining 10 percent of production.

Beginning in 2019, pecan estimates were discontinued in Alabama, California, and Louisiana.

Crop Production (October 2019) 45

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Statistical Methodology

Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between September 24 and
October 4 to gather information on expected yield as of October 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, and
soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States
production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot
depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements
that provide information to forecast the number of ears, bolls, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar
data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net
yield. The plots are visited starting in September and are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is
harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current
year harvesting loss. Starting in 2019, NASS eliminated the August objective yield survey for cotton (except Texas), corn,
and soybeans.

The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal
interviewers. Approximately 10,900 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about
probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of
average yields.

Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of
fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are
conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production.
California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also
conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for
reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather
patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their
analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State
analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for
errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also
used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics
Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecast.

Revision policy: The October 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month
throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a
balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are
then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of planted acres for
spring planted crops are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report if conditions altered the planting
intentions since the mid-year survey. Planted acres may also be revised for cotton, peanuts, and rice in the September
Crop Production report each year; spring wheat, Durum wheat, barley, and oats only in the Small Grains Annual report at
the end of September; and all other spring planted crops in the October Crop Production report. Revisions to planted acres
will only be made when special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program “sign up” data, or
remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong
evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. End-of-season orange estimates will be
published in August’s Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end
of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are
made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the October 1 production forecast, the “Root Mean Square
Error,” a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the October 1 production
forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage

46 Crop Production (October 2019)

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deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the “Root Mean
Square Error.” Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the
final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year’s forecast are not different from those influencing
recent years. For example, the “Root Mean Square Error” for the October 1 corn for grain production forecast is
1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final
estimate by more than 1.7 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not
exceed 2.9 percent.

Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the October 1 forecast
and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate
during the last 20 years have averaged 166 million bushels, ranging from 3 million bushels to 374 million bushels. The
October 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the October 1
corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.

Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecasts

[Based on data for the past twenty years]
Difference between forecast
90 percent and final estimate
Root mean
Crop confidence Production Years
square error
interval Below Above
Average Smallest Largest
final final
(percent) (percent) (millions) (millions) (millions) (number) (number)
Corn for grain ..................................... bushels 1.7 2.9 166 3 374 9 10
Dry edible beans ....................................... cwt 3.6 6.2 1 (Z) 3 14 5
Oranges 1 ................................................ tons 8.5 14.7 530 2 1,676 4 15
Oranges 1 2 .......................................... tons 6.9 11.9 433 2 1,192 4 12
Rice .......................................................... cwt 2.0 3.5 3 (Z) 12 10 9
Sorghum for grain .............................. bushels 5.2 9.0 15 3 31 10 9
Soybeans for beans ........................... bushels 2.7 4.6 65 1 261 12 7
Upland cotton 1 ...................................... bales 5.1 8.9 760 76 1,675 9 10
(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.
1
Quantity is in thousands of units.
2
Excluding freeze and hurricane seasons.

Crop Production (October 2019) 47

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

David Colwell – Current Agricultural Industrial Reports ................................................................ (202) 720-3338
Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .............................................................................. (202) 720-9526
James Johanson – County Estimates, Hay ....................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
Jeff Lemmons – Oats, Soybeans ...................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234
Sammy Neal – Peanuts, Rice ........................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Jannety Mosley – Crop Weather, Barley.......................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068
Chris Singh – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ........................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369

Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................................................. (202) 720-2127
Joshua Bates– Almonds, Apples, Apricots, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions,
Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco ........................................................................................ (202) 720-4288
Vincent Davis – Dry Beans, Garlic, Hazelnuts, Honeydews, Kiwifruit, Lettuce,
Maple Syrup, Mint, Pears, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Tomatoes ....................................... (202) 720-2157
Fleming Gibson – Cauliflower, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Macadamia,
Mandarins and tangerines, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges ......................................................... (202) 720-5412
Greg Lemmons –Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins,
Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes,
Tame Blueberries, Wild Blueberries.......................................................................................... (202) 720-4285
Dan Norris – Artichokes, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Lentils,
Nectarines, Papayas, Peaches, Snap Beans, Spinach, Walnuts, Watermelons ........................... (202) 720-3250
Fleming Gibson – Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas,
Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans ........................................................ (202) 720-2127

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Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.

 Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived reports. The
new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new
website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the
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esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program
or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or
employment activities.)

If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.
 USDA
Data Users’ Meeting

USDA NASS Data Users’ Meeting

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

American Farm Bureau Federation

600 Maryland Ave SW #1000w
Washington, DC 20024

USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service will hold an open forum for users of U.S. domestic and
international agriculture data. NASS is organizing the Data Users’ Meeting in cooperation with five other
USDA agencies – Agricultural Marketing Service, Economic Research Service, Farm Service Agency, Foreign
Agricultural Service, and World Agricultural Outlook Board – and the Census Bureau’s Foreign Trade
Division. Agency representatives will provide updates on recent and pending changes in statistical and
information programs important to agriculture, answer questions, and welcome comments and input from data
users.

For registration details and additional information about the Data Users’ Meeting, see the meeting page on the
NASS website (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Education_and_Outreach/Meeting/index.php). Contact Vernita
Murray (NASS) at 202-690-8141 or vernita.murray@nass.usda.gov or Patricia Snipe (NASS) at 202-720-2248
or patricia.snipe@nass.usda.gov for information.