Namma Kalvi

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 www.nammakalvi.in

CONTENTS
Unit Page No.
Govt. Model Question 5
LESSONS
History
6. Early Revolts against British Rule in Tamil Nadu 9
7. Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism 22
8. Nationalism: Gandhian Phase 40
9. Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu 60
10. Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu 74

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
Govt. Model Question paper 2019 - 2020
X Std
Social Science

Time Allowed : 15 min + 2½ hrs  Maximum Marks : 100

Instruction : (1) Check the question paper for fairness of printing. If there is any lack of
fairness, inform the Hall Supervisor immediately.
(2) Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and pencil to draw diagrams.
Note : This question paper contains four parts.
Part - I (Marks: 14)
Note : (i) Answer all the 14 questions 14×1=14
(ii) Choose the most suitable answer from the given four alternatives and
write the option code with the corresponding answer.
1. With whom of the following was the Lateran Treaty signed by Italy?
a) Germany b) Russia c) Pope d) Spain
2. Where was the third session of the Indian National Congress held?
a) Marina b) Mylapore c) Fort St. George d) Thousand Lights
3. Who was the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court?
a) T. Muthuswamy b) P.S.Sivasamy c) V.S.Srinivasa Sastri d) G.A.Natesan
4. India’s first organised trade union, the Madras Labour Union was formed in
a) 1918 b) 1917 c) 1916 d) 1914
5. Assertion (A) : The Revolt of 1857 was brutally suppressed by the British army.
Reason (R) : The failure of the rebellion was due to the absence of Central authority.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
b) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
6. Pick the odd one out :
a) Khadar b) Bhangar c) Alluvial soil d) Black soil
7. A line joining the places of equal rainfall is
a) Isohyet b) Isobar c) Isotherm d) Latitude
8. The first paper Industry was started in
a) Raniganj b) Durgapur c) Hoogly d) Baliganj
9. The Scientific study of different aspects of population is called
a) Photography b) Demography c) Choreography d) Population density
10. The latitudinal extent of Tamil Nadu is
a) 8º5’N to 13º35’N b) 8º5’S to 13º35’S c) 8º0’N to 13º5’N d) 8º0’S to 13º05’S

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
11. Arrange the following in the correct chronological order and choose the correct answer
from the code given below.
i) Panchsheel ii) Nuclear test at Pokhran
iii) Twenty - year Treaty iv) First Nuclear test
a) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii) b) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) c) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii) d) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
12. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court can hold the office up to the age of (in year)
a) 58 b) 60 c) 62 d) 65
13. Choose the incorrect statement(s):
(i) Shortage of goods, whether natural or artificial, is the root cause of black money.
(ii) Industrial sector has been the major contributor to black money.
(iii) Smuggling is one of the major sources of black money.
(iv) When the tax rate is low, more black money is generated.
a) (i) and (ii) b) (iv) c) (i) d) (ii) and (iii)
14. Basic Component(s) of food and nutrition security is / are
a) availability b) access c) absorption d) all
Part - II (Marks: 20)
Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. 10×2=20
15. Explain the Monroe Doctrine.
16. What was Marshall Plan?
17. Write the objectives of Home Rule Movement.
18. Name the Sangam texts for which Maraimalai Adigal wrote commentaries.
19. Name the neighbouring countries of India.
20. State the types of agriculture practices in lndia?
21. Define “International trade”.
22. Write a short note on Mangrove forest in Tamil Nadu.
23. What is Money Bill?
24. Mention the names of the member countries of BRICS.
25. What is per capita income?
26. Define: Food Security according to FAO.
27. Define: Tax
28. What do you know about Renewable resources?
Part - III (Marks: 50)
Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. 10×5=50
29. Fill in the blanks:
(i)__________ was the Headquarters of the Council of Europe.
(ii) __________ Soil is suitable for the cultivation of tea and coffee plants.
(iii) __________ is the first women Governor of Tamil Nadu.

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
(iv) The term globalization invented by __________.
(v) __________ is the highest peak of South India.
30. Match the following:
(i) Hindenburg - Titu Mir
(ii) Wahhabi Rebellion - Kalayar Kovil
(iii) Tani Tamil lyakkam - Germany
(iv) Syngman Rhee - Maraimalai Adigal
(v) Marudhu Brothers - South Korea
31. Match the Following:
(i) Mazagaon Dock - Coal
(ii) Black Gold - Nanda Devi
(iii) Hirakud - Brahmaputra
(iv) Biosphere Reserve - Mahanadi
(v) Tsangpo - Mumbai
32. a) Distinguish between
(i) Weather and Climate
(ii) Agro based Industries and Mineral based Industries
b) Give reason: Rain water harvesting is necessary.
33. Assess the structure and the activities of the UN.
34. What do you know about ‘salt march to vedaranyam’?
35. Write about southwest monsoon.
36. Give an account of water resources of Tamil Nadu.
37. Point out the Fundamental Rights.
38. Explain about Panchsheel principles.
39. What are the lmportant characteristics of successful Industrial Clusters.
40. What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? and explain.
Note: Blind Candidates have to write only notes for the questions related to Time Line
Chart and Map
41. Draw a time line for the following:
Write any five important events between 1920-1940.
42. Mark the following places on the World map.
(i) Great Britain (ii) Germany (iii) Russia
(iv) Hiroshima (v) Hawai Island
PART - IV (Marks : 16)
Answer both questions.  2 X 8 = 16
43. (a) Balkan Wars
(i) Why was Balkan League formed?
(ii) What was the outcome of the first Balkan War?
(iii) Who were defeated in this war?

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
(iv) What was the name of the Treaty signed at the end of this second Balkan War’?
(b) Subhas Chandra Bose and INA
(i) How did Subhas Chandra Bose reach Japan?
(ii) Who headed the women wing of Indian National Army?
(iii) How did Subhas Chandra Bose reorganize the INA?
(iv) Name the slogan provided by Subhas Chandra Bose.
(OR)
(c) Ramalinga Adigal
(i) What is Jeevakarunya?
(ii) What are the Songs of Grace?
(iii) Point out the major contribution of Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sathya Sangam?
(iv) Where did he establish his free feeding house?
(d) Vellore Revolt
(i) When did Vellore Revolt break out?
(ii) Who introduced new military regulation?
(iii) Who was the first victim of the revolt?
(iv) Who was proclaimed by the rebels as their new rulers?
Note: Blind Candidates have to write only notes for the questions related to Map
44. Mark the following places on the given outline map of India.
(i) Aravalli range (ii) River Cauvery
(iii) Direction of South-West monsoon winds (iv) Agasthiyamalai bio-sphere reserve
(v) The main region of black soil (vi) Any one International Airport
(vii) Atomic power station in Tamil Nadu
(viii) Railway route from Mumbai to Kolkata
(OR)
Mark the following places on the given outline map of Tamil Nadu.
(i) Nilgiri hills (ii) Coromandel Coast
(iii) A paddy growing area (iv) Bavani Sagar Dam
(v) Thoothukudi Port (vi) Any one lnternational Airport
(vii) Pulicat lake (viii) Kanyakumari

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Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science
HISTORY
UNIT
Early Revolts against
6 British Rule in Tamil Nadu
PART I - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Who was the first Palayakkarars to resist the East India Company’s policy of
territorial aggrandizement?
a) Marudu brothers b) Puli Thevar
c) Velunachiyar d) Veera Pandya Kattabomman
Ans: b) Puli Thevar
2. Who had borrowed money from the East India Company to meet the expenses
he had incurred during the Carnatic wars?
a) Velunachiyar b) Puli Thevar
c) Nawab of Arcot d) Raja of Travancore
Ans: c) Nawab of Arcot
3. Who had established close relationship with the three agents of Chanda Sahib?
a) Velunachiyar b) Kattabomman
c) Puli Thevar d) Oomaithurai Ans: c) Puli Thevar
4. Where was Sivasubramaniar executed?
a) Kayathar b) Nagalapuram
c) Virupachi d) Panchalamkurichi
Ans: b) Nagalapuram
5. Who issued the Tiruchirappalli proclamation of Independence?
a) Marudu brothers b) Puli Thevar
c) Veera Pandya Kattabomman d) Gopal Nayak
Ans: a) Marudu brothers
6. When did the Vellore Revolt break out?
a) 24 May 1805 b) 10 July 1805 c) 10 July 1806 d) 10 September 1806
Ans: c) 10 July 1806
7. Who was the Commander in Chief responsible for the new military regulations
in Vellore fort?
a) Col. Fancourt b) Major Armstrong
c) Sir John Cradock d) Colonel Agnew
Ans: c) Sir John Cradock
8. Where were the sons of Tipu Sultan sent after the Vellore Revolt?
a) Calcutta b) Mumbai c) Delhi d) Mysore
Ans: a) Calcutta
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II. Fill in the blanks Answers

1. The Palayakkarar system was put in place in Tamil Nadu by Viswanatha
_______. Nayaka
2. Except the Palayakkarar of _______, all other western Sivagiri
Palayakkarars supported Puli Thevar.
3. Velunachiyar and her daughter were under the protection of Gopala
_______ for eight years. Nayaker
4. Bennerman deputed _______ to convey his message, asking Ramalinganar
Kattabomman to surrender.
5. Kattabomman was hanged to death at _______. Kayathar
6. The Rebellion of Marudhu Brothers was categorized in the Second
British records as the _______. Palayakkarar
War
7. _______ was declared the new Sultan by the rebels in Vellore Fateh Hyder
Fort.
8. _______ suppressed the revolt in Vellore Fort. Gillespie

III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) The Palayakkarar system was in practice in the Kakattiya Kingdom.
ii) Pulithevar recaptured Nerkattumseval in 1764 after the death of Khan
Sahib.
iii)  Yusuf Khan who was negotiating with the Palayakkarars, without
informing the Company administration was charged with treachery and
hanged in 1764.
iv) Ondiveeran led one of the army units of Kattabomman.
a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (i) and (iv) are correct
Ans: b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
2. i) Under Colonel Campbell, the English Army went along with Mafuzkhan’s
army
ii) After Muthuvadugar’s death in Kalaiyar Kovil battle, Marudhu Brothers
assisted Velunachiyar in restoring the throne to her.
iii) Gopal Nayak spearheaded the famous Dindigul League
iv) In May 1799 Cornwallis ordered the advance of Company armies to Tirunelveli.
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (ii) , (iii) and (iv )are correct d) (i) and (iv) are correct
Ans: b) (ii) and (iii) are correct

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3. Assertion (A): PuliThevar tried to get the support of Haider Ali and the French.
Reason (R): Haider Ali could not help PuliThevar as he was already in a serious
conflict with the Marathas.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
Ans: c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
4. Assertion (A): A part from the new military regulations the most objectionable
was the addition of a leather cockade in the turban.
Reason (R): The leather cockade was made of animal skin.
a) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
c) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Ans: b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
IV. Match the following
I II Answers
1 Theerthagiri a Vellore Revolt e Odanilai
2 Gopala Nayak b Ramalinganar c Dindigul
3 Bannermann c Dindigul b Ramalinganar
4 Subedar Sheik Adam d Vellore Fort a Vellore Revolt
5 Col. Fancourt e Odanilai d Vellore Fort

V. Answer the questions briefly

1. What were the duties of a Palayakkarar?
➢ The Palayakkarars had to collect revenue, administer the territory, settle
disputes and maintain law and order.
➢ Their police duites were known as Padikaval or Arasu kaval.
➢ The Palayakkarars helped the Nayak rulers to restore the kingdom to them.
2. Identify the Palayams based on the division of east and west.
There were two blocs namely the eastern bloc and the western bloc.
➢ The eastern palayams included Sattur, Nagalapuram, Ettayapuram and
Panchalamkurichi. They were controlled by Telugu speaking chieftains.
➢ The western palayams included Uttrumalai, Thalavankottai, Naduvakurichi,
Singampatti and Seithur. They were controlled by Tamil speaking chiefs.
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3. Why was Heron dismissed from service?
➢ Heron was sent to Tirunelvely by the English.
➢ He was urged to deal with Puli Thevar because he continued to defy the
authority of the Company.
➢ Puli Thevar had influence over western palayakkarars.
➢ For want of cannon and of supplies and pay to soldiers, Heron gave up the
plan and retired to Madurai. So he was dismissed from service.
4. What was the significance of the Battle of Kalakadu.
➢ The nawab sent Mahfuzkhan to Tirunelvely with reinforced forces. He was
supported by the sepoys of the Company and Nawab. He had the support of
soldiers from the Carnatic.
➢ But before he could station his troops near Kalakadu, 2000 soldiers from
Travancore joined the forces of Puli Thevar.
➢ In the battle of Kalakadu Mahfuzkhan’s troops were badly defeated.
5. What was the bone of contention between the Company and Kattabomman?
➢ Kattabomman was the palayakkarar of Panchalamkurichi.
➢ The Company appointed its collectors to collect taxes from all the palayams.
➢ The collectors humiliated the palayakkarars and adopted force to collect the
taxes. This was the bone of contention between the English and Kattabomman.
6. Highlight the essence of Tiruchirappalli Proclamation of 1801.
➢ Tiruchirappalli Proclamation was issued by Marudu brothers.
➢ It was the first call to the Indians to unite against the British cutting across
region, caste, creed and religion.
➢ As a result of it many palayakkarars joined to fight against the English.
7. Point out the importance of the Treaty of 1801
➢ It led to the liquidation of all local chieftains of Tamilnadu.
➢ The British assumed direct control over Tamilagam.
➢ The Palayakkarar system came to an end.
➢ It led to the demolition of all forts of palayakkarars and disbandment of their
army.
VI. Answer the questions given under each caption
1. Velunachiyar
a) Who was the military chief of Velunachiyar?
Thandavarayanar
b) What were the martial arts in which she was trained?
She was trained in valari, stick fighting, wielding weapons, horse riding and
archery.

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c) Whom did she marry?
She married Muthu Vadugar
d) What was the name of her daughter?
Vellachi Nachiar
2. Dheeran Chinnamalai
a) When was Dheeran Chinnamalai born?
Dheeran Chinnamalai was born in 1756 in the Mandradiar royal family of
Palaiyakottai.
b) How did he earn the title “Chinnamalai”?
Once when the Diwan of Tipu Sultan was returning with the tax money,
Dheeran blocked him and took back all his money from him. He also asked
the Diwan to tell his Sultan that Chinnamalai, who is between Sivamalai and
Chennimalai was the one who had taken away the money. So he was called
Dheeran.
c) Name the Diwan of Tipu Sultan?
Mohammed Ali
d) Why and where was he hanged to death?
The English captured Dheeran and asked him to accept the rule of the British.
He refused. So he was hanged at the top of Sankari Fort.
VII. Answer in detail
1. Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandya Kattabomman conducted
against the East India Company.
➢ On the death of Jagavira Pandya, his son Kattabomman became the
palayakkarar.
➢ Conflicts arose between Kattabomman and the East India Company.
➢ The collectors who had been appointed to collect taxes, humiliated the
palayakkarars and adopted forces to collect taxes. This was the bone of
contention between the English and Kattabomman.
Confrontation with Jackson:
➢ Collector Jackson ordered Kattabomman to meet him in Ramanathapuram.
➢ In the interview with the collector at Ramanathapuram, he was ill-treated.
➢ When Kattabomman felt that he was in danger, he escaped with the help of
Oomathurai.
➢ At the gate of the Ramanathapuram fort, there was a clash in which some
people including Lieut. Clarke were killed.
Confederacy of Palayakkarars:
South Indian Confederacy was formed by Marudhu Pandyan. Kattabomman
joined this confederacy against the wish of the British. Marudhu brothers and
Kattabomman decided on a confrontation with the English. Kattabomman’s

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effort to bring the palayakkarar into the confederacy irritated the British. So the
army was sent to Tirunelveli under Bannerman.
The siege of Panchalamkurichi:
On 1 September 1799, the British issued an ultimatum to Kattabomman
to surrender. As Kattabomman gave an evasive reply Bannerman moved his
entire army to Panchalamkurichi on 5th September. When the fort was attached
Kattabomman escaped to Pudukottai.
Betrayal of rajas of Ettayapuram and Pudukottai:
The British put a prize on Kattabomman’s head. Because of the betrayal of
rajas of Ettayapuram and Pudukottai Kattabomman was captured.
Execution of Kattabomman:
The trail on Kattabomman was held in front of the palayakkarars.
Kattabomman was insulted by Bannerman. Kattabomman admitted all the
charges levelled against him. Finally he was hanged to death at Kayathar.
2. Highlight the tragic fall of Sivagangai and its outcome.
➢ In 1801 Marudhu brothers issued a proclamation of independence which is
called Tiruchirappalli proclamation.
➢ Many palayakkarars united against the British.
➢ The British got the support from Bengal, Ceylon and Malaya. Rajas of
Pudukottai and Ettayapuram also supported the British. The divide and rule
policy of the British split the forces of the palayakkarars.
Fall of Sivagangai:
➢ The rebels were defeated by the English forces at Thanjavur, Tiruchirappalli,
Piranmalai and Kalayarkoil.
➢ The rebels could not withstand the superior military strength and the able
commanders of the English.
➢ The rebellion failed and Sivagangai was annexed in 1801.
Result:
➢ Marudhu brothers were executed in the fort of Tirupathur.
➢ Oomathurai and Sevathaiah were captured and beheaded.
➢ Seventy three rebels were exiled to Penang in Malaya.
➢ The palayakkarars fell to the English. The rebellion was suppressed.
➢ It led to the liquidation of local chieftains of Tamilnadu.
➢ Carnatic Treaty was signed in 1801.
➢ The British assumed direct control over Tamilagam.
➢ The Palayakkarar system came to an end.

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3. Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806.
➢ The British brought the districts of Salem, Dindigul and Coimbatore under
their control.
➢ The powers of the Raja of Thanjavur was reduced.
➢ By the Treaty of 1801, the nawab of Arcot had to cede five districts to the
British.
➢ But the resistance did not die down.
➢ The continuous resistance of little kings resulted in the Vellore revolt.
Causes of the revolt:
➢ There was a strong sense of resentment among the Indian sepoys over low
salary and lack of promotion.
➢ The English officers did not respect the social and religious sentiments of
Indian sepoys.
➢ Many of the sepoys’ families were in dire economic straits.
➢ The family members of Tipu had been interned in Vellore fort.
New military regulations:
➢ The English commander John Cradock introduced many reforms in the army.
➢ The Indian soldiers were prohibited from smearing religious marks on their
foreheads. They were ordered to shave their beard and trim their moustache.
➢ The new turban and the leather cockade created resentment among the
soldiers.
Outbreak of the revolt:
➢ On 10 July 1806, in the early hours, the sepoys started the revolt.
➢ The first victim was Col. Fancourt. Next was Col. Mekerras. Within an hour
nearly twelve English officers were killed.
Suppression of the revolt:
➢ Col. Gillespic reached the fort along with Captain Young.
➢ In the meantime the rebels proclaimed Fateh Hyder as their new ruler and
hoisted the tiger flag of Tipu over the fort.
➢ However the British crushed the revolt. Hundreds of soldiers were killed.
VIII. Activities (For Students)
1. Teacher can ask the students to prepare an album of patriotic leaders of early
revolts against the British rule in Tamil Nadu. Using their imagination they can
also draw pictures of different battles in which they attained martyrdom.
2. Stage Play visualising the conversation between Jackson and Kattabomman be
attempted by students with the help of teachers.

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3. A comparative study of Vellore Revolt and 1857 Revolt by students be tried
enabling them to find out to what extent Vellore Revolt had all the forebodings
of the latter.
PART II - ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Viswanatha Nayaka’s minister was _______.
a) Ramalinganar b) Ariyanathar
c) Sivasubramanianar d) Gopala Nayakar
Ans: b) Ariyanathar
2. When her husband was killed Velunachiyar lived under the protection of ____.
a) Puli Thevar b) Ariyanathar
c) Gopala Nayakar d) Marudhu brothers
Ans: c) Gopala Nayakar
3. The first female queen to resist the British colonial power in India.
a) Kuyili b) Vellachi c) Velunachiyar d) Rani Lakshmi Bai
Ans: c) Velunachiyar
4. Subramanianar was the minister of _______.
a) Kattabomman b) Marudhu brothers
c) Dheeran Chinnamalai d) Puli Thevar Ans: a) Kattabomman
5. South Indian Confederacy was formed by _______.
a) Kattabomman b) Hyder Ali c) Puli Thevar d) Marudu Pandiyan
Ans: d) Marudu Pandiyan
6. Tipu was killed in the _______.
a) Anglo-Mysore war b) Vellore mutiny
c) South Indian rebellion d) Siege of Panchalamkurichi
Ans: a) Anglo-Mysore war
7. Marudhu brothers were executed in the _______.
a) Fort of Vellore b) Dindigul fort
c) Fort of Tirupathur d) Fort of Sivagiri
Ans: c) Fort of Tirupathur
8. Oomathurai was beheaded at _______.
a) Panchalamkurichi b) Fort of Tirupathur
c) Fort of Thiruppur d) Sivagangaii
Ans: a) Panchalamkurichi

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9. The Dindigul League was led by _______.
a) Dheeran Chinnamalai b) Velunachiyar
c) Lord Wellesley d) Gopala Nayak
Ans: d) Gopala Nayak
10. In 1801 the two brothers of Kattabomman Oomathurai and Sevathaiah escaped
from the _______.
a) Palayamkottai prison b) Vellore fort
c) Tiruchirappalli fort d) Sivagangai fort
Ans: a) Palayamkottai prison
II. Fill in the blanks Answers
1. The Vellore revolt broke out in the year _______. 1806
2. The police duties of the palayakkarars were known as ___.
Padikaval
3. In 1767 Puli Thevar was defeated by _______. Captain Campbell
4. The word ‘Palayam’ means a _______. domain
5. Kattabomman was the son of _______. Jagavira Pandya
Kattabomman
6. After the dismissal of Collector Jackson, _______ was S.R. Lushington
appointed as collector.
7. Sivasubramanianar was executed at _______. Nagalapuram
8. The revolt which broke out in 1800 is known as the ____. Second
Palayakkarar war
9. The capital of Chinna Marudhu was _______. Siruvayal
10. The rebellion of Marudhu brothers is known as _______. South Indian
rebellion

III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) There were two blocs of Nayak rulers namely southern palayams and
northern palayams
ii) When Puli Thevar formed a confederacy of palayakkarars, the palayakkarar
of Sivagiri did not support him.
iii) Velunachiyar was proficient in English, French and Hindi.
iv) Kuyili was a friend of Vellachi Nachiyar.
a) ii) is correct b) iii) and iv) are correct
c) i), iii) and iv) are correct d) ii) and iii) are correct
Ans: a) ii) is correct
2. i) In 1798 Collector Jackson ordered Kattabomman to meet him in Tirunelveli
ii) Governor Edward Clive ordered the suspension of Collector Jackson.
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Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science
iii) Later Jackson was dismissed from service.
iv) Marudhu Pandian acted as the leader of South Indian Confederacy.
a) i), ii) and iv) are correct b) i) and iv) are correct
c) ii), iii) and iv) are correct d) ii) and iv) are correct
Ans: c) ii), iii) and iv) are correct
3. i) During the trial Kattabomman denied most of the charges levelled against
him.
ii) Kattabomman was hanged from a banyan tree.
iii) Muthuvaduganathar of Sivagangai was killed in the Kalaiyar kovil battle.
iv) Dheeran Chinnamalai and his brothers were hanged at the top of Sankagiri
fort.
a) i) and iv) are correct b) i), ii) and iv) are correct
c) ii) and iii) are correct d) iii) and iv) are correct
Ans: d) iii) and iv) are correct
4. Assertion (A): I n the battle at Kalakadu, Mahfuskhan’s forces defeated Puli
Thevar.
Reason (R): Puli Thevar had to fight single handed.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Ans: b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
5. Assertion (A): Yusuf Khan was charged with treachery and hanged in 1764.
Reason (R): He was negotiating with the Palayakkarars without informing the
Company administration.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
b) (A) is right but (R) is wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Ans: d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
6. Assertion (A): C  ollector Jackson could not send an army to collect the revenue
dues from Kattabomman.
Reason (R): The Madras Government did not give him permission.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
b) (A) is right but (R) is wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Ans: d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

HISTORY 18
Loyola EC 10th Social Science

IV. Match the following

I II Answers
1 Puli Thevar a Kalaiyar Kovil c Nerkattum seval
2 Marudu Brothers b Ramanathapuram a Kalaiyar Kovil
3 Yadul Nayak c Nerkattum seval e Aanamalai
4 Velunachiyar d Madurai b Ramanathapuram
5 Viswanatha Nayaka e Aanamalai d Madurai

V. Answer the questions briefly

1. What led to the conflict between the East India Company and the palayakkarars?
➢ The East India Company was given the power to collect the land revenue
dues from the palayakkarars.
➢ But the palayakkarars claimed that their lands had been handed down to
them over sixty generations and refused to pay taxes.
➢ This led to the conflict between the rebels and the East India Company.
2. Ondiveeran - Write a short note
➢ Ondiveeran led one of the army units of Puli Thevar.
➢ He caused much damage to the Company’s army.
➢ According to oral tradtion, Ondiveeran’s hand was chopped off in one battle
and Puli Thevar was saddened.
➢ But Ondiveeran said it was a reward for his penetration into enemy’s fort
causing many heads to toll.
3. What were the causes for the fall of Sivagangai?
➢ British reinforcement were rushed from Bengal, Ceylon and Malaya.
➢ The rajas of Pudukkottai, Ettayapuram and Thanjavur stood by the British.
➢ The Divide and rule policy of the English split the forces of palayakkarars.
4. How did Theerthagiri get the name Dheeran Chinnamalai?
➢ Once when the Diwan of Tipu Sultan was returning with the tax money.
Theerthagiri blocked him and took back all his money from him.
➢ He also asked the Diwan to tell his Sultan that Chinnamalai, who is between
Sivamalai and Chennimalai was the one who had taken away his money. So
he was called Dheeran Chinnamalai.
5. How did the place Odanilai get this name?
➢ Trained by the French Dheeran Chinnamalai mobilised the Kongu youth in
thousands and fought the British together with Tipu.
➢ After Tipu’s death Dheeran Chinnamalai built a fort and fought the British
without leaving the place. Hence the place is called Odanilai.
19 HISTORY
Loyola EC 10th Social Science

VI. Answer the questions given under each caption.

1. Kuyili
a) Who was Kuyili?
Kuyili was a faithful friend of Velunachiyar.
b) What did she lead?
She led the unit of women soldiers named after Udayaal.
c) Who was Udayaal?
Udayaal was a shepherd girl.
d) What is said about Kuyili’s death?
It is said that Kuyili walked into the British arsenal after setting herself on
fire, thus destroying all the ammunition.
2. Vellore revolt
a) When did the Vellore revolt break out?
The Vellore revolt broke out in 1806.
b) Who introduced new military regulations?
Sir John Cradock introduced new military regulations.
c) Who was the first victim of the Revolt?
Colonel Fancourt was the first victim of the revolt.
d) Who was proclaimed by the rebels as their new ruler?
Fateh Hyder, Tipu’s eldest son was proclaimed as their new ruler.

VII. Answer in detail

1. Trace the career of Velunachiyar.
➢ Velunachiyar was born in 1730 in the royal family of Raja Sellamuthu
Sethupathi of Ramanathapuram.
➢ Velunachiyar was trained in martial arts like valari, stick fighting, wielding
weapons, horse riding and archery.
➢ She was proficient in English, French and Urudu.
➢ At the age of 16, she was married to Muthu Vadugar the Raja of Sivagangai.
➢ In 1772 the nawab of Arcot and the Company troops attacked Kalaiyar koil
palace. Muthu Vadugar was killed in the battle and Velunachiyar escaped.
➢ She was under the protection of Gopala Nayakar of Virupachi for eight years.
➢ During her period in hiding, she organised an army and sought the help of
Hyder Ali to fight the English. She asked for 5000 infantry and 5000 cavalry.
➢ Impressed by her determination, Hyder Ali ordered his commandant Syed to
provide the required military assistance.
➢ Velunachiyar employed agents for gathering intelligence to find out where
HISTORY 20
Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science
the British had stored their ammunition. It is said that Kuyili helped her to
destroy all the ammunition of the British.
➢ With the help of Gopala Nayakar and Hyder Ali, she recaptured Sivagangai
and crowned as queen with the help of Marudhu brothers.
➢ She was the first female ruler or queen to resist the British in India.
VIII. MIND MAP
Early Revolts against the British

PALAYAKKARARS’ REVOLT

Kalakadu Revolt

Yusuf Khan Puli Thevar Fall of Puli Thevar

Gopal Nayak Velu Nachiyar Role of Kuyili

Role of Jackson Veera Pandya Confederacy

Enquiry Kattabomman Fall of Panchalamkurichi

Proclamation of 1801 Marudhu brothers Fall of Sivagangai

Dheeran Chinnamalai

VELLORE REVOLT

Grievances of Outbreak of the Consequences

Indian soldiers revolt of the revolt

Estimate
☼☼☼☼☼

21 HISTORY
Loyola EC 10th Social Science
HISTORY
UNIT
Anti-Colonial Movements and
7 the Birth of Nationalism
PART I - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Which one of the following was launched by Haji Shariatullah in 1818 in East
Bengal?
a) Wahhabi Rebellion b) Farazi Movement
c) Tribal uprising d) Kol Revolt Ans: b) Farazi movement
2. Who declared that “ Land belongs to God “ and collecting rent or tax on it was
against divine law?
a) Titu Mir b) Sidhu
c) Dudu Mian d) Shariatullah Ans: c) Dudu Mian
3. Who were driven out of their homeland during the process of creation of
Zamins under Permanent Settlement?
a) Santhals b) Titu Mir
c) Munda d) Kol Ans: a) Santhals
4. Find out the militant nationalist from the following.
a) Dadabhai Naoroji b) Justice Govind Ranade
c) Bipin Chandra Pal d) Romesh Chandra
 Ans: c) Bipin Chandra Pal
5. When did the partition of Bengal come into effect?
a) 19 June 1905 b) 18 July 1906
c) 19 August 1907 d) 16 October 1905
Ans: d) 16 October 1905
6. What was the context in which the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act was passed?
a) Kol Revolt b) Indigo Revolt
c) Munda Rebellion d) Deccan Riots
 Ans: c) Munda Rebellion
7. Who set up the first Home Rule League in April 1916?
a) Annie Besant b) Bipin Chandra Pal
c) Lala Lajpat Rai d) Tilak Ans: d) Tilak
8. Who drew the attention of the British to the suffering of Indigo cultivation
through his play Nil darpan?
a) Dina Bandhu Mitra b) Romesh Chandra Dutt
c) Dadabhai Naoroji d) Birsa Munda
 Ans: a) Dina Bandhu Mitra
HISTORY 22
Loyola EC 10th Social Science

II. Fill in the blanks Answers

1. In 1757, Robert Clive was financially supported by ____ , Jagat Seths
the moneylenders of Bengal.
2. ____ was an anti-imperial and anti-landlord movement Wahhabi rebellion
which originated in and around 1827.
3. The major tribal revolt which took place in Chotanagpur Kol revolt
region was _____
4. The _______ Act, restricted the entry of non-tribal people Chotanagpur
into the tribal land. Tenancy
5. Around 1854 activities of social banditry were led by Bir Singh
_______
6. The British Commander of Kanpur killed by the rebels Hugh Wheeler
during the 1857 Rebellion was ________
7. Chota Nagpur Act was passed in the year _________ 1908
8. W.C.Bannerjee was elected the president of Indian 1885
National Congress in the year____
III. Choose the correct statement
1. i) The Company received ` 22.5 million from Mir Jafar and invested it to
propel the industrial revolution in Britain.
ii) Kols organized an insurrection in 1831-1832, which was directed against
government officers and money lenders.
iii) In 1855, two Santhal brothers, Sidhu and Kanu, led the Santhal Rebellion.
iv) In 1879, an Act was passed to regulate the territories occupied by the
Santhals.
a) (i) (ii) and (iii)are Correct b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (i) and (iv) are correct
 Ans : a) (i) (ii) and (iii) are correct
2. i) Dudu Mian laid emphasis on the egalitarian nature of Islam and declared
that “ Land belongs to God”
ii) According to the Doctrine of Lapse, new territories under the corrupt Indian
rulers were to be annexed.
iii) The British officials after the suppression of 1857 Revolt were given power
to judge and take the lives of Indians without due process of law.
iv) One of the causes of the failure of the Revolt of 1857 was many of the Indian
princes and zamindars remained loyal to the British.
(a) (ii),(iii) and (iv) are correct b) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (i),(ii) and (iii) are correct
 Ans : c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

23 HISTORY
Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science
3. i) One of the most significant contributions of the early Indian Nationalists
was the formulation of an economic critique of Colonialism.
ii) The early Congress leaders stated that the religious exploitation in India
was the primary reason for the growing poverty.
iii)  One of the goals of the moderate Congress leaders was to achieve Swaraj or
self-rule
iv)  The objective of partition of Bengal was to curtail the Bengali influence
and weaken the nationalist movement.
a) (i) and (iii) are correct. b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (ii) and (iii) are correct d) (iii) and (iv) are correct
 Answer : b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
4. Assertion (A) : Under
 colonial rule, for the first time in Indian history, Government
claimed a direct proprietary right over forests.
Reason (R) : Planters used intimidation and violence to compel farmers to
grow indigo.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct.
Answer : a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
5. Assertion (A) : The
 Revolt of 1857 was brutally suppressed by the British army.
Reason (R) : The failure of the rebellion was due to the absence of central
authority.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong b) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
 Answer : c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
IV. Match the Following
Column A Column B Answers
1 Wahhabi Rebellion a Lucknow c Titu Mir
2 Munda Rebellion b Peshwa Baji Rao II d Ranchi
3 Begum Hazarat Mahal c Titu Mir a Lucknow
4 Kunwar Singh d Ranchi e Bihar
5 Nana Sahib e Bihar b Peshwa Baji Rao II

HISTORY 24
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V. Answer the following questions briefly

1. How are the peasant uprisings in British India classified?
➢ Restorative rebellions ➢ Religious movements
➢ Social banditry ➢ Mass insurrection
2. Write about the Kanpur Massacre of 1857.
➢ Both the Company forces and civilians in Kanpur were unprepared for an
extended siege.
➢ They surrendered to the rebel forces under Nana Sahib in return for a safe
passage to Allahabad.
➢ The boats in which they were traveling were burnt and most of the men were
killed
➢ The British commander General Hugh Wheeler was also killed.
3. Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.
➢ Satara ➢ Janshi ➢ Nagpur
➢ Sambalpur ➢ Parts of Punjab
4. What do you mean by drain of wealth?
➢ During the British period India was transformed into a supplier of raw
material to the British industries.
➢ India became a market for the finished products of Britain.
➢ So there was a continuous transfer of resources from India to Britain without
any profit to India. This is called drain of wealth.
5. Explain the concept of constructive swadeshi.
➢ The constructive programmes largely stressed upon self-help.
➢ It rejected the self-defeating modest approach of moderates.
➢ It focused on self - help through swadeshi industries, national schools,
arbitration courts and constructive programmes in the village.
➢ It remained non-political in nature.
6. Highlight the objectives of Home Rule Movement.
➢ To attain self-government within the British empire by using constitutional means
➢ To obtain the status of dominion, apolitical position accorded later to Australia,
Canada, South Africa and New Zealand
➢ To use non-violent constitutional methods to achieve their goals.
7. Summarise the essence of Lucknow Pact.
➢ The Lucknow Pact was made in 1916
➢ The Congress and the Muslim League agreed to co operate with each other
in order to achieve self government . This was done to create a new sense of
enthusiasm among the people.
➢ In return, the Congress accepted the concept of separate electorate for Muslims.
25 HISTORY
Loyola EC 10th Social Science

VI. Answer all the questions under each caption

1. Deccan Riots
a) When and where did the first recorded incident of rioting against the
moneylenders in the Deccan appear?
The first recorded incident against the moneylenders appeared in May 1875 in
Supa, a village near Poona.
b) What was the right given to moneylenders under a new law of the British?
The money lenders were allowed to attach the mortgaged land of the defaulters
and auction it off.
c) What did it result in?
It resulted in the transfer of lands from the cultivators to the non-cultivating
classes.
d) Against whom was the violence directed in the Deccan riots?
Against the money lenders.
2. The Revolt of 1857
a) Who assaulted his officer, an incident that led to the outbreak of 1857
Revolt?
Mangal Pandey.
b) Who was proclaimed the Sahhensha-e-Hindustan in Delhi?
Bahadur Shah II
c) Who was the correspondent of London Times who reported on the brutality
of the 1857 revolt?
William Howard Russell.
d) What did the Queen’s proclamation say on matters relating to religion?
It said that the British government would not interfere in religions matters.
3. Indian National Congress
a) What were the techniques adopted by the Congress to get its grievances
redressed?
Appeals, petitions and delegation to Britain.
b) What do you know of Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate?
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bala Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal were the three
prominent militant nationalists. They were known as Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate
c) Where was the first session of Indian National Congress held?
Bombay (Mumbai)
d) How did the British respond to the Swadeshi Movement?
The British brutally crushed the Swadeshi movement by jailing prominent
leaders for long periods.
VII. Answer in detail
1. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Revolt of 1857
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Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science
Annexation policy of the British:
➢ By the doctrine of Paramountcy new territories were annexed on the grounds
that the native rulers were corrupt and inept.
➢ By the Doctrine of lapse Satara, Janshi, Nagpur, Sambalpur and parts of
Punjab were annexed
Insensitivity to cultural sentiments:
➢ The Indian soldiers were prohibited from smearing religious marks on their
foreheads and having whiskers. They were asked to replace their turbans
with round hat. It created resentment among the soldiers.
➢ The Indian soldiers refused to cross sea, since crossing the sea meant the loss
of their caste.
➢ The sepoys were upset with discrimination in salary and promotion.
➢ The Indian soldiers were paid less than the European soldiers.
Enfield rifle:
➢ The supply of greased cartridges for the new Enfield rifles was the immediate
cause for the mutiny.
➢ There was a suspecion that the cartridges had been creased with cow and pig
fat. The cartridges had to be bitten off before loading. Pork is forbidden to the
Muslims and the cow is sacred to the Hindus. So the soldiers refused to use
these cartridges.
➢ Mangal Pandey who refused to use the cartridge was arrested and executed.
This resulted in the revolt.
Consequences
➢ By the Government of India Act of 1858, the rule of East India Company
came to an end in India and India came under the direct control of the British
Crown.
➢ Queen Victoria’s Proclamation was issued.
➢ It was said that the British government would not interfere in traditional
institutions and religious matters.
➢ It was promised that Indians would be given more job opportunities.
➢ The Indian army was thoroughly re-organised.
➢ Indians were restrained from holding important ranks and position.
2. How did the people of Bengal respond to the partition of Bengal (1905)?
➢ When the partition of Bengal was proposed the people of Bengal protested
against it through prayers, press, campaigns, petitions and public meetings.
➢ Instead of dividing the Bengali people along the religious line, the partition of
Bengal united them all.
➢ The partition of Bengal angered both the moderates and the extremists.
27 HISTORY
Loyola EC 10th Social Science
➢ They decided to boycott British goods.
➢ Swadeshi movement was started. It aimed at the cancellation of partition of
Bengal.
➢ The moderates were very much against utilizing the campaign to start a full
fledged passive resistance.
➢ But the extremists were in favour of extending the movement beyond Bengal
and to initiate a full scale mass struggle.
➢ The day on which Bengal was partitioned was declared as the day of mourning.
➢ Thousands of people took bath in River Ganga and marched on the streets of
Calcutta singing Bande Mataram.
3. Attempt a narrative account of how Tilak and Annie Besant by launching Home
Rule Movement sustained the Indian freedom struggle until 1916.
➢ In the First World War the Indians supported the British hoping that at the
end of the war, they would be rewarded with self government.
➢ But after the war nothing was said by the British about self government. It led
to a fresh call for the mass movement to pressurize the British government.
➢ The rising popularity of Annie Besant compelled the moderates to put up a
common front against the colonial government.
➢ In the Lucknow session the militant nationlists were admitted to the Congress.
➢ In 1916 Titak set up the first Home Rule League in April 1916.
➢ In September 1916 Annie Besant started the Home Rule League without the
support of the Congress.
➢ Both the Leagues worked independently for self government
➢ Extensive propaganda was carried on through press, speeches, public
meetings, lectures, discussions and touring in favour of self government.
➢ Young people were enrolled in large number in the Leagues.
➢ The Leagues were extended to rural areas.
VIII. Activity (For Students)
1. Identify the Acts passed in British India from 1858 to 1919, with a brief note on
each.
2. Mark the important centres of 1857 revolt on an outline map.
3. Prepare an album with pictures of frontline leaders of all the anti-colonial
struggles launched against the British.
PART II - ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
I. Choose the correct answer
1. In 1757 the nawab of Bengal was
a) Mohammed Ali b) Siraj - ud - daula
c) Mir Kasim d) Mir Jafar  Ans: b) Siraj-ud-daula
HISTORY 28
Loyola EC 10th Social Science
2. Farazi movement was launched by
a) Siraj-ud-daula b) Haji Shariatullah
c) Dudu Mian d) Titu Mir Ans: b) Haji Shariatullah
3. Wahhabi rebellion was led by
a) Dalhousie b) Sidhu
c) Titu Mir d) Birsa Munda Ans: c) Titu Mir
4. Kol revolt took place in
a) Chota Nagpur b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Punjab d) Nepal Ans: a) Chota Nagpur
5. Nana Saheb was the adopted son of
a) Siraj-ud-daula b) Mir Jafar
c) Shah Alam d) Baji Rao II Ans.d) Baji Rao II
6. The Indian National Congress was founded in
a) 1757 b) 1857
c) 1885 d) 1905 Ans. c) 1885
7. Which of the following was not annexed by the Doctrine of lapse?
a) Satara b) Janshi
c) Nagpur d) Jaipur Ans. d)Jaipur
8. Who among the following is a moderate?
a) Lala Lajpat Rai b) Gopala Krishna Gokhale
c) Bipin Chandra Pal d) Bala Gangathar Tilak
 Ans. b) Gopala Krishna Gokhale
9. Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was launched by
a) Subramania Bharathiar b) Bala Gangadhar Tilak
c) V.O.Chidambaram Pillai d) T.M.Nair
 Ans. c) V.O. Chidambaram Pillai
10. The reunion of moderates and extremists occurred in the
a) Surat session b) Kolkata session
c) Nagpur session d) Lucknow session
Ans. d) Lucknow session
II. Fill in the blanks. Answers
1. In 1827 Wahhabi rebellion originated in _______ region. Barasat
2. After the death of Dudu Mian Farazi movement was Noah Mian
revived again by _______
3. On 29 March, 1857 a sepoy named ______ assaulted his Mangal Pandey
European officer.
29 HISTORY
Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science

4. In Lucknow the revolt was led by_______. Hazrat Mahal

5. The Indigo revolt began in the year ________. 1859
6. The Indian National Congress was founded by ______. A.O.Hume
7. Bengal was partitioned by ________. Curzon
8. October 16, 1905 was declared as a day of ________. mourning
9. Gopala Krishna Gokhale died in the year________. 1915
10. In 1919 the British government announced the _________ Montague
reforms. Chelmsford.

III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) In the Battle of Plassey Siraj-ud-daula was supported by Mir Jafar
ii) Mass insurrection was usually leaderless.
iii) The Wahhabi rebellion was an anti imperial and anti - landlord movement.
iv) Dudu Mian called upon the peasants not to pay tax
a) (i) (ii) and (iii)are Correct b) (ii) (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (ii) and (iii) are correct
 Ans : b) (ii) (iii) and (iv) are correct.
2.
i) Twelve Darogas (police officers) were killed by the Santhal crowd.
ii) The Munda people were familiar with collective farming.
iii) Birsa Munda became a folk hero.
iv) The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act restricted the entry of tribal people into the
tribal land.
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (ii) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (ii) and (iii) are correct
 Ans: b) (ii) and (iii) are correct.
3. i) When the sepoys opposed the greased cartridges, the British stopped the
production of those cartridges.
ii) When Bahadur Shah II was asked to become the leader of the rebels, he
readily accepted the offer.
iii) Many a time the Indian princes and zamindars acted as fifth column.
iv) At the end of the rebellion Bahadur Shah was captured and killed.
a) (i) (ii) and (iii) are correct b) (i) (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (i) and (iv) are correct d) (i) and (iii) are correct
 Ans : d) (i) and (iii) are correct
4. i) Peel Commission introduced two significant changes in the structure of
Indian trade.
ii) The planters insisted that the peasants should not grow indigo.
iii) By Lucknow Pact the Congress and the Muslim League agreed to co operate
HISTORY 30
Loyola EC 10th Social Science
with each other.
iv) The Rowlatt Act provided for arbitrary arrest and strict punishment.
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (ii) (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (i) (ii) and (iv) are correct
 Ans : c) (iii) and (iv) are correct.
5. i) The partition of Bengal instead of dividing the Bengali people along the
religious line united them all.
ii)  The partition of Bengal was opposed by both the moderates and the
extremists.
iii) The partition of Bengal was welcomed by the moderates and opposed by
the extremists.
iv) The partition of Bengal was opposed by the moderates and welcomed by
the extremists.
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (ii) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (i) (ii) and (iii) are correct
 Ans : a)  (i) and (ii) are correct
6. Assertion :  In the Battle of Plassey Clive was helped by the money lenders from
Bengal.
Reason :  The money lenders were aggrieved by Siraj-ud-daulah’s oppressive
policy.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
b) (A) is right but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation of A
d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
 Ans: c) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation of A
7. Assertion :  The Indigo revolt was started by the peasants.
Reason :  They were not permitted to grow indigo.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
b) (A) is right but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation of A
d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
 Ans: b) (A) is right but R is wrong
8. Assertion :  The Wahhabi movement acquired an anti Hindu complexion.
Reason :  Majority of the zamindars were Hindus.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
b) (A) is right R is wrong
c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
 Ans: c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
31 HISTORY
Loyola EC 10th Social Science
9. Assertion :  Montague Chelmsford reforms caused deep disappointment to
Indian nationalists.
Reason :  It promised gradual progress of India towards self government.
a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
b) (A) is right but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation of A
d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
 Ans: c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
IV. Match the following Answers
1. 1 Surat split a 1757 d 1907
2 Vellore mutiny b 1806 b 1806
3 Partition of Bengal c 1905 c 1905
4 Battle of Plassey d 1907 a 1757
5 Lucknow Pact e 1916 e 1916
2. Column A Column B Answers
1 Jagat Seths a Joint holding b Money lenders
2 Bethbegari b Money lenders c Forced labour
3 Nildarpan c Forced labour e Mirror of the Indigo
4 Darogas d Police officers d Police officers
5 Khunt katti e Mirror of the Indigo a Joint holding

V. Answer the following questions briefly

1. Mention a few issues which added to the resentment against the British.
➢ The concept of private property rights in land.
➢ Rigorous collection of land revenue.
➢ Encroachment of tribal land by non-tribal people.
➢ The interference of Christian missionaries in the socio-religious life of the
local people.

2. Social Banditry - Explain

➢ This is one of the methods of peasant uprising.
➢ The leaders of such movements were considered criminal by the British and the
traditional elite.
➢ But they were looked upon by their people as heroes or champions of their cause.
3. ‘Tribes’ - Who are they?
➢ The term tribe is misused to refer to isolated groups.

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➢ Tribes in India were and are very much part of Indian society.
➢ In fact they have acted for long as part of Indian peasantry subsisting through
shifting cultivation.
4. The events of the revolt of 1857-58 are significant. Give reason.
➢ This was the first major revolt of armed forces accompanied by civilian
rebellions.
➢ The revolt witnessed the unprecedented violence,perpetrated by both sides.
➢ The revolt ended the role of the East India Company. The administration of
India was taken over by the British Crown.
5. Give a short note on Doctrine of lapse.
➢ Doctrine of lapse was introduced by Dalhousie.
➢ According to this, if a native ruler dies without any male heir, his territory will
be taken over by the British.
➢ Satara, Janshi, Nagpur, Sambalpur and parts of Punjab were annexed by the
British through the Doctrine of lapse.
6. Mention some of the rebel leaders of 1857 revolt.
➢ Bahadur Shah Jafar ➢ Kunwar Singh
➢ Hazrat Mahal ➢ Khan Bahadur
➢ Rani Lakshmi Bai ➢ Tantia Tope
➢ Nana Saheb
7. Mention a few organisations formed prior to the Indian National Congress.
➢ Madras Native Association ➢ East India Association
➢ Madras Mahajana Sabha ➢ Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
➢ The Bombay Presidency Association.
8. Mention the key demands of the Indian National Congress.
➢ Creation of legislative councils at provincial and central level.
➢ Increasing the number of elected members in the legislative council.
➢ Separating judicial and executive functions.
➢ Reducing military expenditure.
➢ Reduction of Home charges.
➢ Extension of trial by jury.
➢ Holding the civil service exams both in India and England.
➢ Police reforms
➢ Reconsideration of forest laws.
➢ Promotion of Indian industries and an end to unfair tariffs and excise duties.
9. How was the Swadeshi movement utilized for propagating the idea of Swaraj?
➢ Boycott of foreign goods.
➢ Boycott of government schools and colleges, courts,titles and government services.
➢ Development of Swadeshi industries and national schools.

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Recourse to armed struggle if the British repression went beyond the limits of
➢ 
endurance.
10. What were the recommendations of Peel Commission?
According to the recommendation of Peel Commission.......
➢ The number of Indians in the Indian army was significantly reduced.
➢ Indians were restrained from holding important ranks and position.
➢ The British took control of the artillery.
VI. Answer all the questions under each caption
1. The Battle of Plassey
a) Where is Plassey located?
Plassey is a small village between Calcutta and Murshidabad.
b) Who was the Commander in chief of the British?
Robert Clive.
c) Who were Jagat Seths?
Jagat Seths were money lenders.
d) Who was the new nawab of Bengal after the war?
Mir Jafar.
2. Wahhabi rebellion.
a) In which year was Wahhabi rebellion started?
It was started in 1827
b) Where was it started?
It was started in the Barasat region of Bengal.
c) Who was the leader of Wahhabi rebellion?
Titu Mir
d What was the end of Titu Mir?
Titu Mir was killed in the struggle.
3. The Great rebellion.
a) When did the Great rebellion break out?
It broke out in 1857
b) Why did the sepoys refuse to cross sea?
For the sepoys crossing the sea meant the loss of their caste.
c) Why did Nana Saheb develop a grudge against the British?
He had been denied pension by the British.
d) Why did Rani Lakshmi Bai oppose the British?
She was not permitted to adopt a son as her successor.
4. The Indian National Congress
a) When was the Indian National Congress founded?
It was founded in 1885.
b) When was the first session of the Indian National congress held?
The first session of the Congress was held on December 28,1885.
HISTORY 34
Loyola EC 10th Social Science
c) According to the Congress leaders what was said to be the primary reason for
the abysmal and growing poverty in India?
Economic exploitation by the British.
d) How were the leaders of militant nationalism called?
They were called “ extremists”.
5. Farazi movement
a) By whom was the Farazi movement launched?
Farazi movement was launched by Haji Shariatullah.
b) What did he advocate the participants?
He advocated the participants to abstain from un-Islamic activities.
c) When did he die?
He died in 1839
d) What did his son Dudu Mian call upon the peasants?
He called upon the peasants not to pay taxes.
VII. Answer in detail
1. Discuss in detail the Santhal Hool or Insurrection.
➢ Santhals felt neglected under the corrupt British administration.
➢ So they resorted to social banditry under the leadership of Bir Singh.
➢ These were directed against mahajans and traders.
➢ Bir Singh was summoned to the court. There he was humiliated.
➢ Bir Singh along with his friends went on committing further dacoities.
➢ The attempt to suppress them angered the tribal people.
➢ In 1855 two Santhal brothers Sidhu and Kanu became the leaders of Santhals.
➢ They proclaimed that they had been asked by God to kill all the mahajans and
darogas.
➢ Two chief police officials were killed.
➢ The rebellion turned against the mahajans, the Zamindars and the British officials.
➢ The Santhals marched with weapons towards Rajmahal and Bhagalpur and
proclaimed that the Company’s rule was about to end.
➢ In return thousands of Santhals were killed and their properties were raided by
the British.
➢ Finally the insurrection was suppressed.
➢ The British government restructured their policies towards the tribal people.
➢ On 22 December 1855 an Act was passed to regulate the territories of the Santhals.
➢ A separate division called Santhal Pargana division was formed.
2. Give an account of Munda rebellion.
➢ The Munda rebellion occurred in Ranchi.
➢ Munda people were known for Khuntkatti land system. (Joint holding of lands)
➢ It was totally destroyed by the private ownership of land, merchants and
moneylenders
35 HISTORY
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➢ The Munda people were recruited as indentured labourers to work on
plantations.
➢ The corrupt police, lack of access to justice and Christian missionaries
aggravated the miseries of Munda people.
➢ The tribal chiefs protested against this.
➢ Birsa Munda, a tribal leader called himself a messenger of God and offered to
establish Birsaite Raj.
➢ He was supported by other tribal leaders and they resorted to violence.
➢ Buildings were burnt.
➢ Christian missionaries, government officials and police stations were attacked.
➢ Finally the rebellion was crushed and Birsa Munda was arrested and he
died in jail.
➢ The Munda rebellion prompted the British to formulate a policy on tribal land.
➢ The Chota nagpur Tenancy Act was passed in 1908. It restricted the entry of
non-tribal people into the tribal land.
3. Bring out the causes for the failure of the revolt of 1857.
➢ The revolt was not well organised and planned.
➢ The Indian princes were not enthusiastic to participate in the rebellion.
➢ The Indian princes and zamindars were loyal to the British. Mostly they acted as
fifth column.
➢ There was lack of arms and ammunition.
➢ The educated middle class did not support the rebellion.
➢ There was absence of a central authority.
➢ There was no common agenda
➢ The Indian army was not well disciplined.
➢ Lack of organisation.
➢ Lack of weapons
➢ Betrayal by their aides was also one of the causes.
4. Describe the Kol revolt.
➢  The Kol revolt took place in the Chota nagpur and Singhum region under the
leadership of Bindrai and Singhrai.
➢ The money lenders were given the job of revenue collection.
➢ The usury and forcible eviction of tribals from their land led to the resentment
of Kols.
➢ So they went on plundering and attacking the properties of outsiders.
➢ Then they killed money lenders and merchants.
➢ The message of the uprising spread everywhere.
➢ All the outsiders were warned to leave.

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Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science
➢ Kols organised an insurrection in 1831-32 against government officers and
money lenders.
➢ The king’s palace came under the control of rebels and they formed an
independent government there.
➢ The British suppressed the rebellion with great violence.
VIII. MIND MAP

Peasant resistance Rise of Nationalism

P
Farazi movement E
A Indian National Congress
S Deccan riots
A
Wahhabi rebellion N
T Partition of Bengal

Kol revolt R
E
Swadeshi Movement
B
E
Santhal Hood L
L Indigo revolt Home Rule Movement
I
O
Munda rebellion N
S Lucknow Pact

GREAT REVOLT 1857

Causes Course Suppression Causes Consequences

for failure

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IX. TIMELINE CHART

1. Draw a time line for the following.
Write any five important events between 1855 and 1885
1855

1857 - The Great Rebellion

1859 - Indigo Revolt

1860

1865

1870

1875 1875 - Deccan Riots

1880

1884 - Madras Mahajan Sabha

1885
1885 - Birth of Indian National Congress
Scale: 1 unit = 5 years

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2. Draw a Timeline for the following.
Write any five important events between 1900 and 1920

1900

1905 1905 - Partition of Bengal, Swadeshi Movement

1907 - Surat Split

1910

1914 - Outbreak of First World War

1915
1916 - Home rule movement
Lucknow Pact

1919 - Montague Chelmsform Reforms

1920
Scale: 1 unit = 5 years

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HISTORY
UNIT
Nationalism :
8 Gandhian Phase
PART I - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Who was arrested during the anti - Rowlatt protests in Amritsar?
a) Motilal Nehru b) Saifuddin Kitchlew
c) Mohamed Ali d) Raj Kumar Shukla
 Ans : b) Saifuddin Kitchlew
2. In which session of the Indian National Congress was Non - Cooperation
approved?
a) Bombay b) Madras c) Lucknow d) Nagpur
 Ans : d) Nagpur
3. Which among the following was declared as ‘Independence Day’?
a) 26th January 1930 b) 26th December 1929
c) 16th June 1946 d) 15th January 1947
 Ans : a) 26th January 1930
4. When was the first Forest Act enacted?
a) 1858 b) 1911 c) 1865 d) 1936
Ans : c) 1865
5. On 8 January 1933 which day was observed __________
a) Temple Entry Day b) Day of Deliverance
c) Direct Action Day d) Independence Day
 Ans : a) Temple Entry Day
6. Which Act introduced Provincial Autonomy? __________
a) 1858 Act b) Indian Council Act, 1909
c) Government of India Act, 1919 d) Government of India Act, 1935
 Ans : d) Government of India Act, 1935
7. Who defeated Pattabhi Sitaramaya, Gandhi’s candidate, and became the
President of the Congress in 1939?
a) Rajendra Prasad b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Subhas Chandra Bose d) Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
 Ans : c) Subhas Chandra Bose
8. Where was Gandhi when India attained Independence on 15th August 1947?
a) New Delhi b) Ahmedabad c) Wardha d) Noakhali
 Ans : d) Noakhali

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II. Fill in the blanks Answers

1. Gandhi was thrown out of the first class compartment in Pietermaritzburg
__________ station.
2. Gandhi regarded _________ as his political guru. Gopala Krishna
Gokhale
3. Khilafat Movement was led by ___________ Mohamed Ali and
Shaukat Ali
4. Government of India Act 1919 introduced ____________ Dyarchy
in the provinces.
5. The Civil Disobedience Movement in North West Khan Abdul
Frontier province was led by _________ Ghaffarkhan
6. Ramsay Macdonald announced ____________ which Communal Award
provided separate electorates to the minorities and the
depressed classes.
7. ____________ established Congress Radio underground Usha Mehta
during the Quit India Movement.
8. ____________ coined the term ‘Pakistan’ Rahmat Ali
III. Choose the correct statement
1. i) The Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent in 1920.
ii) M. Singaravelar was tried in the Kanpur Conspiracy case.
iii) The Congress Socialist Party was formed by Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya
Narendra Dev and Minoo Masani.
iv) The Socialists did not participate in the Quit India Movement.
a) i) and ii) are correct b) ii) and iii) are correct
c) iv) is correct d) i), ii) and iii) are correct 
 Ans : d) i), ii) and iii) are correct
2. i) Hindustan Republican Army was formed in Kanpur in 1924.
ii) Ram Prasad Bismil was tried in the Kakori Conspiracy case.
iii) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was formed by Surya Sen
iv) Chittagong Armoury Raid was carried out by B.K. Dutt
a) i) and ii) are correct b) i) and iii) are correct
c) iii) is correct d) iii) and iv) are correct 
 Ans : a) i) and ii) are correct
3. Assertion : The Congress attended the First Round Table Conference.
Reason :G andhi - Irwin Pact enabled the Congress to attend the Second
Round Table Conference.
a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
b) A is correct but R is wrong

41 HISTORY
Loyola EC 10th Social Science
c) A is wrong but R is correct
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
 Ans : c) A is wrong but R is correct
4. Assertion : The Congress Ministries resigned in 1939
Reason : The colonial government of India entered the war without
consulting the elected Congress ministries.
a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
b) A is correct but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are wrong
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
 Ans : d) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation
IV. Match the following Answers
1 Rowlatt Act a Surrender of titles e Black Act
2 Non Cooperation Movement b Dyarchy a Surrender of titles
3 Government of India Act, 1919 c M.N. Roy b Dyarchy
4 Communist Party of India d Direct Action Day c M.N. Roy
5 16th August 1946 e Black Act d Direct Action Day

V. Answer the following briefly

1. Describe the Jallianwalabagh Massacre.
 Two prominent leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal were arrested.

 
 On 13 April 1919 a public meeting was arranged at Jallianwalabagh in
Amritsar in defiance of the Rowlatt Act.
 
 Thousands of people assembled there.
 
 The British troops commanded by General Dyer surrounded the Bagh on all
sides
 
 Dyer ordered his men to shoot the crowd without any warning.
 
 The firing lasted for ten minutes.
 
 More than thousands were wounded and 370 were killed.
 
 Rabindranath Tagore returned his knighthood and Gandhi surrendered his
Kaiser - i - Hind medal in protest.
2. Write a note on the Khilafat Movement.
The First World War ended in 1918.




 The Caliph of Turkey, who was the head of muslims all over the world was
given a harsh treatment.


 The Ali brothers - Mohamed Ali and Shaukat Ali started a mass movement
of the muslims in support of the Caliph. This movement was known as
Khilafat movement.


 Gandhiji supported the Khilafat movement and he saw in it an opportunity
to unit Hindus and Muslims.
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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
3. Why did Gandhi withdraw the Non Cooperation movement?


 At Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh on February 5, 1922 a procession of the
nationalists was organised.
The procession turned violent because of police action.




 As the police found themselves outnumbered, they shut themselves inside
the police station.
The mob burnt the police station killing 22 policemen.




 Gandhi was upset over this and withdrew the Non Co - operation movement
immediately.
4. What was the conflict between the Swarajists and no - changers?


 The Swarajists were pro-changers. They wanted to contest the election
and enter the legislature. They argued that the national interest could
be promoted by working in the legislative councils under Dyarchy and
wrecking the government from within.


 The followers of leaders like Gandhi and Vallabhai Patel wanted to continue
non cooperation with the government. They were known as no-changers.
5. Why was the Simon Commission boycotted?


 All the members of Simon Commission were English men. It did not have
any Indian member.


 The Indians were humiliated and angered that there was no Indian member
and they had been denied the right to decide their own future. So they
boycotted the Simon Commission.
6. What is Poorna Swaraj?
The Congress men were not satisfied with dominion status and they wanted


Poorna Swaraj. Poorna Swaraj means complete independence.
7. Write a note on Bhagat Singh


 Bhagat Singh and his comrades reorganized the HRA and renamed it as
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.


 Sanders, the British Police officer, responsible for the death of Lala Lajpat
Rai was assassinated.


 Bhagat Singh and Dutt threw a smoke bomb inside the Central Legislative
Assembly in 1929.


 Bhagat Singh was arrested and sentenced to death.


 Bhagat Singh’s courage was an inspiration for the youths in India.
8. What are the terms of the Poona Pact?
 T
he principle of separate electorates was abandoned. Instead, the principle
of joint electorate was accepted with reservation of seats for the depressed
classes.
 R
eserved seates for the depressed classes were increased from 71 to 147. In the
Central Legislature 18 percent of the seats were reserved.
43 HISTORY
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VI. Answer all the questions given under each caption

1. Gandhi and Mass nationalism
a) Which incident is considered a turning point in the life of Gandhi?
In South Africa in-spite of having a first class ticket, Gandhi was physically
thrown out of the railway compartment. This is a turning point in Gandhi’s
life.
b) Name the works that influenced Gandhi.
 Tolstoy’s The Kingdom of God is Within you
 Ruskin’s Unto this Last.
 Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience.
c) How did Gandhi use Satyagraha as a strategy in South Africa?
He experimented satyagraha for fighting the issues of immigration and
racial discrimination. Even when the police let loose violence no resistance
was offered by the satyagrahis.
d) What do you know about the Champaran Satyagraha?
In Champaran the tinkathia system was in practice. The peasants were
exploited by the European planters. Gandhi went to Champaran and stood
by the side of the peasants in their struggle against the planters. Thanks to
his efforts, the tinkathia system was abolished.
2. Constructive Programme of Gandhi.
a) What is constructive programme?
Constructive programme included promotion of Khadi, Hindu muslim
unity and the abolition of untouchability.
b) What did Gandhi exhort the Congressmen to do?
Gandhi exhorted the Congressmen to spread the message of Khaddar, the
message of Hindu muslim unity and the message of anti - untouchability
and to make the youths the real soldiers of Swaraj.
c) How did Gandhi try to bring about Hindu - Muslim unity?
Gandhi undertook a 21 day fast between 18 September and 8 October 1924.
d) What is the contribution of Gandhi towards abolition of untouchability?
Gandhi undertook an all India tour called Harijan tour. He started Harijan Sevak
Sangh to work for the removal of discriminations. He also undertook fast.
3. Subhas Chandra Bose and INA
a) How did Subhas Chandra Bose reach Japan?
He reached Japan on a submarine.
b) Who headed the women wing of Indian National Army?
Lakshmi headed the women wing of the INA.
c) How did Subhas Chandra Bose reorganize the INA?
Subhas reorganized the INA into three brigades namely Gandhi brigade,
Nehru brigade and women’s brigade.
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d) Name the slogan provided by Subhas Chandra Bose.
Dilli Chalo.
VII. Answer in detail
1. Examine the factors that led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader.
 
 After the insult at the train, Gandhi called a meeting of the Indians in
Transvaal and forced them to form an association to redress their grievances.
 
 Gandhi practised Satyagraha in South Africa. Gandhi’s stay in South Africa
was a learning experience for him.
 
 Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha and succeeded in the abolition of
tinkathia system and put an end to the oppression of the peasants by the
indigo planters.
 
 By his intervention in Ahmedabad mill strike and the Kheda Satyagraha
Gandhi became a leader of mass struggle.
 
 As a mass leader Gandhi called for a nation-wide Satyagraha against the
Rowlatt Act.
 
 When Gandhi launched the salt satyagraha hundreds of followers followed
him. This shows that he was a mass leader.
 
 In 1931, Gandhi revived the Civil disobedience movement. Thousands of
people were arrested along with Gandhi.
 
 Gandhi proved himself to be a mass leader in his campaign against
untouchalility.
 
 As a mass leader Gandhi was supported by the people in the Quit India
Movement.
 
 All these above incidents led Gandhi into a mass leader.
2. Critically examine the Civil Disobedience Movement as the typical example of
Gandhian movement.
 
 In 1929, the Congress session was held in Lahore under the leadership of
Nehru. It was decided to launch a Civil disobedience movement. A pledge
was taken to attain Poorna swaraj through Civil disobedience.
 
 The Indian National Congress authorized Gandhi to launch the movement.
 
 One of the demands presented to Viceroy Lord Irwin was the abolition of
salt tax.
 
 The inclusion of abolition of salt tax was a brilliant tactical decision.
 
 Salt was an issue which affected every section of the society. So it transformed
Civil disobedience movement into a mass movement drawing all sections of
the population.
 The salt march started from Sabarmathi Ashram towards Dandi
 
 When the salt march was on progress hundreds of people joined the march.
 
 Though it was a mass movement no incident of violence was reported
anywhere.

45 HISTORY
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 Gandhi reached Dandi on 5th April 1930 and picked a lump of salt breaking
the salt law
3. Discuss the reasons behind the partition of India.
 
 Jinnah had a determination to have a separate state for Muslims. He revived
the Muslim League in 1934.
 
 He demanded a separate state for the Muslims in 1940. His argument was
that in an independent India the Muslims would lose all political powers to
the Hindus.
 
 The Muslim League dubbed the Congress as a Hindu organisation and
claimed that Muslim League alone was the representative of the Muslim.
 
 The Hindu Mahasabha and the RSS pronounced anti-Muslim stance.
 
 The British policy of divide and rule, through measures such as partition of
Bengal and Communal Award widened the religious differences.
 
 Use of religion for political mobilisation by Hindu Mahasabha and Muslim
League led to partition.
 
 In the Shimla conference the Congress and the Muslim League could not
come to an agreement.
 
 Differences arose between the Congress and the Muslim League. It led to
Hindu-Muslim conflict.
 
 When the interim government was formed, only after some hesitation the
Muslims joined it.
 
 All the above points show that partition of India was inevitable.
 
 Mount Batten plan proposed that India should be partitioned into two
dominions - India and Pakistan.
 
 On 15th August 1947 India won independence.
VIII. Activity (For Students)
1. Students can be asked to mark the important places of Gandhian movement in a
map and write a sentence or two about what happened there.
2. Students can be divided into groups and asked to debate the views of the Gandhi,
Jinnah, B.R. Ambedkar, Revolutionaries, Communists and Periyar.
PART II - ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
I. Choose the correct answer
1. In 1922 Gandhi announced no-tax campaign in
a) Nagpur b) Bardoli
c) Champaran d) Amritsar Ans : b) Bardoli
2. Chauri Chaura is a village in the state of
a) Uttar Pradesh b) Bihar
c) Odisha d) West Bengal Ans : a) Uttar Pradesh

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
3. He was hailed as Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity
a) Rajagopalachari b) Nehru
c) Jinnah d) Vinobha Bhave Ans : c) Jinnah
4. The Harijan Tour was undertaken by
a) Gandhi b) Ambedkar
c) Rajaji d) E.V.R.Periyar Ans : a) Gandhi
5. Temple Entry Day was observed on
a) 8th January 1933 b) 8th January 1935
c) 7th May 1934 d) 8th May 1934
Ans : a) 8th January 1933
6. In 1925 the All India Communist Conference was held at
a) Delhi b) Chennai
c) Kanpur d) Lucknow Ans : c) Kanpur
7. In 1924 Hindustan Republic Army was formed in
a) Delhi b) Chennai
c) Kanpur d) Poona Ans : c) Kanpur
8. After 1937 elections, coalition government was formed in
a) Bihar b) Madras
c) Bombay d) Assam Ans : d) Assam
9. The Quit India resolution was passed by the All India Congress Committee
that met at
a) Chennai b) Bombay
c) Kolkata d) Delhi Ans : b) Bombay
10. The Wavell Plan was announced on
a) 15 March, 1945 b) 14 June 1945
c) 15 July, 1945 d) 12 August, 1945
 Ans : b) 14 June 1945
11. Jinnah declared 16 August 1946 as the
a) Day of Deliverance b) Temple Entry Day
c) Direct Action Day d) Black Day
 Ans : c) Direct Action Day
12. India won independence on
a) 14 August 1947 b) 15 August 1947
c) 16 August 1947 d) 17 August 1947
 Ans : b) 15 August 1947
II. Fill in the blanks. Answers
1. The first President of independent India was _________ Rajendra Prasad
47 HISTORY
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2. The leader who was seriously injured during the Lala Lajpat Rai
demonstration against the Simon Commission was ___
3. In 1929, the Lahore session of the Indian National Jawaharlal Nehru
Congress was presided over by ________
4. In Tamil Nadu the Salt Satyagraha was led by _________ Rajagopalachari
5. The Indian Forest Act was passed in __________ 1878
6. Gandhi Irwin Pact was signed in _________ 1931
7. The British police officer, responsible for lathi charge Sanders
on Lala Lajpat Rai was _________
8. By the Government of India Act of 1935 _________ Burma
separated from India _________
9. The Forward Bloc party was formed by Subhas Chandra Bose
10. The Second World War broke out in 1939
11. The women’s brigade of the Indian National Army Rani Lakshmi Bai
was named after ________
12. The Interim government of 1946 was headed by _____ Jawaharlal Nehru

III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) In Champaran the European planters did not allow the peasants to cultivate
indigo.
ii) The Champaran Satyagraha ended in a failure.
iii) Khilafat movement was started in support of the Caliph.
iv) The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced Dyarchy in the provinces.
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (i) and (iv) are correct d) (iv) is correct
 Ans : (b) (iii) and (iv) are correct
2. i) After the Chauri Chaura incident, Gandhi intensified the Non - co-operation
movement
ii) The pro-changers wanted to contest the elections and enter the legislature.
iii) In the Lahore Congress of 1929 it was decided to boycott the Round Table
conference.
iv) The Second Round Table conference ended without any result.
a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (iv) is correct
 Ans : b) (ii),(iii) and (iv) are correct
3. i) Poona Pact was signed between Gandhi and Jinnah.
ii) The Congress did not participate in the Third Round Table Conference.
iii) The Communal Award provided separate electorates to the minorities.
iv) Sanders, the police officer, responsible for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai
committed suicide.
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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
c) (iii) and (iv) are correct d) (i),(ii) and (iii) are correct. 
 Ans : b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
4. i) The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced Dyarchy at the centre.
ii) Clement Atlee belonged to Labour party.
iii) Gandhi called the proposals of the Cabinet Mission as a post dated cheque in a
crashing bank.
iv) Both the Congress and the Muslim League rejected the proposals of the
Cripps Mission.
a) (iii) and (iv)are correct b) (i),(ii) and (iv) are correct
c) iv) is correct d) (i) and (iii) are correct 
 Ans : b) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
5. Assertion : The Government of India Act 1919, caused disappointment.
Reason : It did not transfer real power to the Indians.
a) A is right but R is wrong
b) Both A and R are wrong
c) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation
d) Both A and R are correct and R is not the right explanation
 Ans : c) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation.
6. Assertion : Gandhi did not support the Khilafat movement.
Reason : He knew very well that the Muslim will never support the Congress.
a) A is right but R is wrong
b) A is wrong but R is right
c) A is right and R is the correct explanation
d) Both A and R are wrong Ans : d) Both A and R are wrong.
7. Assertion : After Chauri Chaura incident Gandhi withdrew the Non-co-
operation movement.
Reason : Almost all the Congressmen welcomed this decision.
a) A is right but R is wrong
b) Both A and R are right
c) Both A and R are wrong
d) A is wrong and R is right.  Ans : a) A is right but R is wrong.
8. Assertion : Gandhi did not attend the Third Round Table Conference.
Reason : He was not invited.
a) Both A and R are wrong.
b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation
c) A is wrong and R is right
d) A is right and R is the right explanation.
 Ans : b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation
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9. Assertion : Subash Chandra Bose resigned his post as the president of Congress
and started the Forward Bloc.
Reason : He was asked by Gandhi to do so.
a) Both A and R are right
b) Both A and R are wrong
c) A is right and R is the right explanation
d) A is right but R is not the correct reason
 Ans : d) A is right but R is not the correct reason
IV. (I) Match the following Answers
1. 1 Chauri Chaura incident a 1917 c 1922
2 Russian revolution b 1920 a 1917
3 Interim government c 1922 e 1946
4 Non-Co operation movement d 1942 b 1920
5 Quit India movement e 1946 d 1942
(II) Answers
2. 1 Do or die a Khan Abdul c Gandhi
Ghaffarkhan
2 Dilli Chalo b Subash Chandra d Subash Chandra Bose
Bose
3 Day of deliverance c Gandhi b Jinnah
4 Swaraj Party d Jinnah e C.R.Das
5 Red shirts e C.R.Das a Khan Abdul Ghaffarkhan

V. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What were the injustices the Indians in Transvaal faced?
 Indians in Transvaal had to pay a poll tax of £ 3
 They could not own land except in areas marked for them.
 They could not move outdoors after 9 p.m without a permit.
2. What do you know about Rowlatt Act?
 Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919.
 This Act provided for excessive police powers.
 It also provided for arrest without warrant and detention without trial.
 Gandhi called it a ‘Black Act’ and called for a nation wide satyagraha.
3. Write a short note on Chauri Chaura incident.


 At Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh on February 5, 1922 a procession of the
nationalists was organised.
The procession turned violent because of police action.



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

 As the police found themselves outnumbered, they shut themselves inside
the police station.
The mob burnt the police station killing 22 policemen.




 Gandhi was upset over this and withdrew the Non Co - operation movement
immediately.
4. Dyarchy - Write a short note.
 D
yarchy is a system of Dual government.
 T
he Government of India Act of 1919 introduced dyarchy in the provinces.
 A
ccording to this, the powers of the provincial government were divided into
Reserved subjects and Transferred subjects.
 T
he Reserved subjects comprising finance, defense, the police, justice, land
revenue and irrigation were in the hands of the British.
 T
he Transferred subjects comprising local self-government, education, public
health, public works, agriculture, forests and fisheries were left under the
control of Indian ministers.
5. What were the recommendations of Nehru report?
 D
ominion status for India.
 E
lections of the Central Legislature and the Provincial Legislatures on the
basis of joint and mixed electorates.
 R
eservation of seats for the Muslims in Central Legislature and in provinces
and for the Hindus in North west Frontier Province.
 P
rovision of fundamental rights and universal adult franchise.
6. Bring out the importance of the Lahore Congress session of 1929.
 In 1929, the Congress session was held at Lahore under the presidentship of
Nehru.
 Poorna Swaraj was declared as the goal.
 It was also decided to boycott the Round Table Conferences and launch a
Civil disobedience movement.
 2 6th January 1930 was declared as independence day.
7. What were the demands included in the charter of demand given to the Viceroy
Lord Irwin?
 Reduction of experiment on army and civil service by 50%.
 Introduction of total prohibition
 Release of all political prisoners.
 Reduction of land revenue by 50%
 Abolition of Salt tax.

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8. What were the provisions of Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
 G
andhi-Irwin pact was signed in 1931.
 A
ccording to this pact the British agreed to release immediately all the political
prisoners not involved in violence.
 T
o return confiscated land and lenient treatment of government employees
who had resigned.
 To permit the people of coastal villages to make salt for consumption.
 T
he Congress agreed to suspend the Civil disobedience movement and attend
the Second Round Table Conference.
9. What were the proposals of the Cripps mission?
 Grant of Dominion status after the war.
 Indian princes could sign a separate agreement with the British implying the
acceptance for the demand of Pakistan.
 British control of defense during the war.
10. What were the proposals of Mountbatten Plan.
 P
ower would be transferred on the basis of dominion status to India and
Pakistan.
 P
rincely states would have to join either India or Pakistan.
 B
oundary commission was to be set up and the award would be announced
after the transfer of power.
 P
unjab and Bengal Legislative Assemblies would vote on whether they
should be partitioned.
VI. Answer all the questions under each caption
1. Evolution of Gandhi.
a. When and where was Gandhi born?
Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar.
b. What was his father?
His father was the Diwan of Porbandar.
c. Where did he study law?
He studied law in England.
d. Why did he go to South Africa?
He went to South Africa for assisting a firm in a law suit.

2. Jallian wala bagh massacre.
a. Who were the prominent leaders arrested?
Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal.

b. Where did the people gather?
The people gathered at Amritsar

c. Who was the British General responsible for Jallian wala bagh massacre?
General Reginald Dyer

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d. What did Rabindranath Tagore and Gandhi do?
Tagore returned his Knighthood and Gandhi surrendered his Kaiser-i-Hind
medal.
3. Simon Commission
a. How many members were there in the Simon Commission?
Seven members

b. Why was Simon Commission boycotted?
Because there was no Indian member.
c. Why were the Indians angered or Why was it an insult to the Indians?
 There was no Indian member in the commission and they had been denied
the right to decide their own constitution.
d. How was Simon Commission greeted?
There were protests and black flag marches with the slogan ‘Go back Simon’.
4. Khilafat movement.
a. When did the First world war come to an end?
In 1918.

b. Who was the head of Muslims all over the world?
T
he Caliph of Turkey.
c. By whom was Khilafat movement started?
K

 hilafat movement was started by Ali brothers Maulana Mohamed Ali and
Maulana Shaukat Ali.
d. Why did Gandhi support the Khilafat movement?
Gandhiji thought that it was an opportunity to unit the Hindus and the Muslims.

5. Cabinet Mission.
a. Who became the Prime Minister of Britain after the world war?
Clement Atlee


b. By whom was the Cabinet Mission sent to India?
It was sent by Clement Atlee.

c. Who were the members of the Cabinet Mission?
Pethick Lawrence, Sir Strafford Cripps and A.V. Alexander.


d. When did the Cabinet Mission come to India?
In 1946.

VII. Answer in detail
1. Give an account of the role of Socialists in the freedom struggle.
 
 During the course of the Quit India Movement, the entire Congress
leadership was arrested
 
 When the Congress leaders were in jail, the socialists provided the leadership
for the movement.

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Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science


 Leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Ramanand organised an underground
movement.


 Women activists like Aruna Asaf Ali played a heroic role.


 She hoisted the Indian National flag at the Gowalia Tank maiden in Bombay
during the struggle.


 Usha Mehta established Congress Radio underground.


 The British used all their might to suppress the revolt.


 Thousands were killed with machine guns and bombs.


 Collective fines were imposed.


 Gandhi commenced a twenty one day fast in 1943 which threatened his life.


 Finally Gandhi was released from jail in 1944.
2. Write about the role of Subash Chandra Bose and the Indian National army in
our freedom struggle.
 
 After Subash Chandra Bose left the Congress he was under house arrest.
 
 He wanted to strike the British by joining their enemies.
 
 In 1941 he escaped in disguise to Afghanishtan. From there he went to
Germany.
 
 Then he went to Japan and took control of the Indian National Army.
 
 Bose reorganised it into three brigades - Gandhi brigade, Nehru brigade and
a women’s brigade which was named after Rani Lakshmi Bai.
 
 Bose formed the Provincial government of free India in Singapore.
 
 He gave the slogan ‘Dilli Chalo’
 
 INA was deployed as part of the Japanese forces.
 
 But Japan was defeated and the advance of INA was stopped.
 
 It is believed that Bose had been killed in an air crash.
3. List out the proposals of the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress
held in 1920 with regard to Non-co-operation Movement.
 
 Surrender of all titles of honours and honorary offices.
 
 Non-participation in government loans.
 
 Suspension of practice by lawyers, and settlement of court disputes by
private arbitration.
 
 Boycott of government schools by children and parents.
 
 Boycott of the legislature created under the 1919 Act.
 
 Non-participation in government parties and other official functions.
 
 Refusal to accept any civil or military post.
 
 Boycott of foreign goods and spreading the doctrine of Swadeshi.

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VIII. MIND MAP

Nationalism - Gandhian Phase
GANDHI

Evolution of Gandhi Jallian wala bagh massacre

Satyagraha in South Africa Chauri Chaura incident

Early Satyagraha in India Swarajya Party

Champaran Satyagraha Boycott of Simon Commission

Rowlatt Satyagraha Round Table Conferences

Salt Satyagraha Gandhi Irwin Pact

Congress ministries

Cripps Mission

Quit India Movement

Cabinet Mission

Mount Batten Plan

Independence

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IX. TIMELINE CHART

1. Draw a Timeline for the following.
Write any five important events between 1915 and 1935

1915

1918 - End of First World War

1919 - Rowlatt Act - Jallianwalabagh massacre
1920

1922 - Chauri Chaura incident

Withdrawal of Non co operation movement

1925 1925 - Death of C.R. Das

1930

1932 - Communal Award

Poona Pact

1935
Scale: 1 unit = 5 years

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2. Draw a Timeline for the following.
Write any five important events between 1920 and 1935
1920 - Non Co-operation Movement
1920

1923 - Swaraj Party formed

1925

1930 1930 - First Round Table Conference

1931 - Second Round Table Conference

Gandhi Irwin pact
1932 - Third Round Table Conference
Communal Award - Poona Pact

1935
Scale: 1 unit = 5 years

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3. Draw a Timeline for the following.
Write any five important events between 1925 and 1945
1925

1929 - Lahore Congress

1930 1930 - Salt Satyagraha
Civil Disobedience Movement

1935

1939 - Second World War broke out

1940 1940 - August Offer

1942 - Cripp’s Mission - Quit India Movement

1945
Scale: 1 unit = 5 years

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4. Draw a Timeline for the following.
Write any five important events between 1930 and 1950
1930

1935 1935 - Government of India Act

1940

1942 - Quit India Movement

1945 1945 - Wavell Plan - End of Second World War

1946 - Cabinet Mission - Interim Government
1947 - India became free

1950
Scale: 1 unit = 5 years

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HISTORY
UNIT
Freedom Struggle
9 in Tamil Nadu
PART I - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Who was the first President of the Madras Mahajana Sabha?
a) T.M. Nair b) P. Rangaiah
c) G. Subramaniam d) G.A. Natesan
Ans: b) P. Rangaiah
2. Where was the third session of the Indian National Congress held?
a) Marina b) Mylapore
c) Fort St. George d) Thousand Lights
Ans: d) Thousand Lights
3. Who said “Better bullock carts and freedom than a train de luxe with
subjection”?
a) Annie Besant b) M. Veeraraghavachari
c) B.P. Wadia d) G.S. Arundale Ans: a) Annie Besant
4. Which among the following was SILF’s official organ in English?
a) Dravidian b) Andhra Prakasika
c) Justice d) New India Ans: c) Justice
5. Who among the following were Swarajists?
a) S. Satyamurti b) Kasturi Rangar
c) P. Subbarayan d) Periyar EVR Ans: a) S. Satyamurti
6. Who set up the satyagraha camp in Udyavanam near Madras?
a) Kamaraj b) Rajaji
c) K.Santhanam d) T. Prakasam Ans: d) T. Prakasam
7. Where was the anti-Hindi Conference held?
a) Erode b) Madras
c) Salem d) Madurai Ans: c) Salem
8. Where did the Congress volunteers clash with the military during Quit India
Movement.
a) Erode b) Madras
c) Salem d) Madurai Ans: d) Madurai

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II. Fill in the blanks Answers

1. _______ was appointed as the first Indian Judge of the T. Muthuswami
Madras High Court.
2. The economic exploitation of India was exposed by G.Subramaniam
_______ through his writings.
3. Nilakanta Brahmachari started the secret society named Bharat Matha
_______. Society
4. The starting of trade unions in Madras was pioneered by B.P. Wadia
_______.
5. The Dravidian Association Hostel for non-Brahmin C. Natesanar
students was established by _______.
6. _______ formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras. A. Subbarayalu
7. _______ was the founder of the Madras branch of the Yakub Hasan
Muslim League.
8. _______ hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on Bhashyam
26 January 1932.

III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) Madras Native Association was founded in 1852.
ii) Tamil nationalist periodical Swadeshamitran was started in 1891.
iii)  The Madras Mahajana Sabha demanded conduct of civil services
examination only in India
iv) V.S. Srinivasanar was an extremist.
a) i) and ii) are correct b) iii) is correct
c) iv) is correct d) All are correct
Ans: a) i) and ii) are correct
2. i) EVR did not participate in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
ii) Rajaji worked closely with Yakub Hasan of the Muslim League.
iii) Workers did not participate in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
iv) Toddy shops were not picketed in Tamil Nadu.
a) i) and ii) are correct b) i) and iii) are correct
c) ii) is correct d) i), iii) and iv) are correct
Ans: c) ii) is correct
3. Assertion: The Justice Party opposed the Home Rule Movement.
Reason: The Justice Party feared that Home Rule would give the Brahmins more
power.

61 HISTORY
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a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
b) A is correct but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are wrong
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Ans: d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
4. Assertion: EVR raised the issue of representation for non-Brahmins in legislature.
Reason: During the first Congress Ministry, Rajaji abolished sales tax.
a) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
b) A is correct but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are wrong
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation
Ans: b) A is correct but R is wrong
IV. Match the Following
I II Answers
1 MNA a Anti-Hindi agitation d Torture Commission
2 EVR b Removal of Neill Statue e Vaikom Hero
3 S.N. Somayajulu c Salt Satyagraha b Removal of Neill Statue
4 Vedaranyam d Torture Commission c Salt Satyagraha
5 Thalamuthu e Vaikom Hero a Anti-Hindi agitation

V. Answer the questions briefly

1. List out the contribution of the moderates.
➢ The moderates communicated their views through prayers, petitions and
memoranda.
➢ They exposed the liberal claims of the British.
➢ They conducted hall meetings.
➢ They exposed how the British exploited India and their hypocrisy in following
democratic principles in England and imposing an unrepresentative
government in their colonies.
2. Write a note on the Tirunelveli Uprising.
➢ V.O.C. and Subramania Siva organised the mill workers in Thoothukudi and
Tirunelveli.
➢ V.O.C. led the Coral mills strike.
➢ V.O.C. and Subramania Siva organised public meetings to celebrate the release
of Bipin. So they were arrested and sentenced to rigorous imprisionment.
➢ The arrest of these leaders sparked riots in Tirunelvely.
➢ Police station, court building and municipal office were burnt.
➢ The police shot dead four people.
➢ The leaders were arrested.
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3. What is the contribution of Annie Besant to India’s freedom struggle?
➢ Annie Besant started Home Rule League in 1916 and carried forward the
demand for Home rule all over India.
➢ She and her supporters demanded Home rule with only a nominal allegiance
to British Crown.
➢ She started the newspaper New India and Commonweal to carry forward her
agenda.
➢ She wrote two books ‘’How India wrought for freedom’’ and ‘’India: A
Nation’’
➢ Students were trained in Home Rule classes.
➢ People were drawn into the stream of freedom struggle.
4. Mention the various measures introduced by the Justice Ministry.
➢ Reservation of appointments in local bodies and educational institutions was
introduced.
➢ Staff Selection Board was established. Later it became the Public Service
Commission.
➢ Hindu Religious Endowment Act and Madras State Aid to Industries Act
were enacted.
➢ Devadasi system was abolished.
➢ Poromboke lands were allotted to the poor for housing.
➢ Primary education was extended to the depressed classes through fee
concessions, scholarships and mid-day meals.
5. Write briefly on EVR’s contribution to the constructive programme.
➢ E.V.R. campaigned vigorously for the promotion and sale of Khadi.
➢ He was against the consumption of liquor.
➢ He played a key role in the satyagraha for temple entry in Vaikom.
➢ In those days the depressed classes were not permitted to enter temples and
to walk on the streets around the temple in Vaikom or come within certain
distance of the upper castes. He fought against this social evil.
➢ In June 1925, the ban on the roads around the temple was lifted. The ban on
temple entry was also lifted.
➢ For his contribution against temple entry he was hailed as ‘Vaikom Hero’.
6. What is Cheranmadevi Gurukulam controversy?
➢ In the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam the students were discriminated on the
basis of caste.
➢ Brahmin and Non-Brahmin students were made to dine separately. The food
served was also different.
➢ E.V.R. strongly condemned this practice.

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7. Why was anti-Hindi agitation popular?
➢ Rajaji made Hindi a compulsory subject in schools.
➢  This was considered to be a form of Aryan and North Indian imposition
detrimental to Tamil language and culture. So it caused much public resentment
➢ E.V.R. led a massive compaign against it. It won the support of all.
➢ More than 1200 protestors including E.V.R. were arrested.
➢ After the resignation of Congress ministry, Hindi was removed as compulsory
subject
8. Outline the key incidents during the Quit India Movement in Tamil Nadu.
➢ Failure of the Cripps Mission led to the Quit India movement by the Congress.
➢ On 8 August 1942 the Quit India resolution was passed.
➢ Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or Die“.
➢ All the Congress leaders were arrested.
➢ In Tamilnadu Kamaraj worked underground and organized people during
the Quit India Movement.
➢ Rajaji and Satyamurti were arrested.
➢ There were many incidents of violence in Tamil Nadu.
➢ Post offices were set fire. Telephone lines were cut off.
➢ Railway services were disrupted.
➢ There were a large number of workers strike.
➢ Buckingham and Carnatic mills, Madras Port Trust and Electric Tramway
went on strike.
➢ Many public buildings were burnt.
➢ Students of various colleges took part in the protest.
➢ The airport in Sulur was attacked.
➢ Trains were derailed in Coimbatore.
➢ The protestors clashed with the military in Madurai.
➢ There were police firing. Finally the agitation was suppressed.
VI. Answer the questions given under each caption
1. Early Nationalist Movement in Tamil Nadu
a) What were the objectives of Madras Native Association?
To promote the interests of its members and their focus was on reduction in
taxation. It also protested against the support of the government to Christian
missionary activities.
b) What led to the emergence of nationalist press in Tamil Nadu?
When Muthuswami was appointed as Judge, the entire press criticised it
because the entire press was owned by Europeans. So a need for a newspaper
to express the views of the Indians was keenly felt. It led to the emergence of
Nationalist press.
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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
c) What were the demands of Madras Mahajana Sabha?
It demanded the conduct of simultaneous civil service examination in England
and India.
It also demanded the abolition of the India Council in London, reduction of
taxes and reduction of civil and military expenditure.
d) Who were the early nationalist leaders in Tamil Nadu?
V.S.Srinivasa Sastri, P.S.Sivasamy, V.Krishnasamy, TR.Venkatramanar,
G.A.Natesan, T.M.Madhava Rao and S.Subramaniar.
2. Revolutionary Movement in Tamil Nadu
a) List out a few revolutionaries in Tamil Nadu.
M.P.T.Acharya, V.V.Subramanianar, T.T.S.Rajan, V.O.C.Subramania Bharathi
and Subramania Siva
b) Why did Subramania Bharati move to Pondicherry?
Subramania Bharathi moved to Pondicherry to escape imprisonment because
Pondicherry was under the French rule.
c) Name a few of the revolutionary literature?
India, Vijaya and Suryodayam.
d) What did Vanchinathan do?
Vanchinathan shot dead Ashe, Collector of Tirunelvely.
3. Non Brahmin Movement
a) Why was the South Indian Liberal Federation formed?
To promote the interests of the Non-Brahmins.
b) What is Non-Brahmin Manifesto?
Reservation of jobs for Non-Brahmins in government service and seats in
representative bodies.
c) Why did EVR join the Non-Brahmin Movement?
 The Congress was not prepared to give representation for non-brahmins in the
legislature. So EVR left the Congress and joined the non-brahmin movement.
d) What do you know about anti-Hindi agitation?
Rajaji introduced Hindi as a compulsory subject in schools. It was considered
to be a form of Aryan and North Indian imposition against Tamil language
and culture. So E.V.R. led a campaign against it.
VII. Answer in detail
1. Discuss the response to Swadeshi Movement in Tamil Nadu.
➢ The partition of Bengal led to the Swadeshi Movement.
➢ The Swadeshi movement had its deep impact in Tamil Nadu.
➢ The Congress carried on a vigorous campaign for boycott of foreign goods.
➢ V.O.Chidambaranar, V.Chakkaraiyar, Subramania Bharathi and Ethiraj
Surendranath Arya were some of the prominent leaders in Tamil Nadu.
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➢ Public meetings were organized in various parts of Tamilnadu. Thousands of
people attended them.
➢ Subramania Bharathi’s patriotic songs stirred patriotic emotions.
➢ Many journals were started to propagate Swadeshi ideals.
➢ Swadeshamitran and India were prominent journals.
➢ Bipin Chandra Pal toured Madras and delivered lectures which inspired the youth
➢ Students and youths participated widely in the Swadeshi movement.
➢ V.O.Chidambaranar started Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in
Thoothukudi. But V.O.C’s efforts ended in failure.
➢  The arrest of V.O.C and Subramania Siva led to Tirunelvely uprising.
➢ In Tirunelveli a police station, court building and municipal office were burnt.
➢ Four people were killed in police firing.
➢ Many leaders escaped from Tamil Nadu.
➢ Bharathi moved to Pondicherry to avoid arrest.
➢ The brutal assault of the police brought the Swadeshi movement to an end.
2. Examine the origin and growth of Non-Brahmin Movement in Tamil Nadu.
Origin of Non-Brahmin Movement:
➢ Due to growth of education, there was an increase in the number of educated
Non-Brahmins.
➢ They raised the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunities in
government employment and representation in elected bodies. There was the
domination of Brahmins. It led to the origin of Non-Brahmin movement.
Growth:
➢ In 1912 Madras Dravidian Association was formed.
➢ Its secretary C. Natesanar established the Dravidian Association Hostel for
Non-Brahmin students.
➢ He brought the two prominent non-Brahmin leaders T.M. Nair and
P.Thyagarayar closer to each other.
➢ On 20 November 1916 a meeting of about thirty non-Brahmins was held in Chennai
➢ The South Indian Liberal Federation was founded to promote the interest of
the non-Brahmins.
➢ Three newspapers Justice in English, Dravidian in Tamil and Andhra
Prakasika in Telugu were launched.
➢ Soon South Indian Liberal Federation was known as Justice party.
➢ The Non-Brahmin movement demanded reservation of jobs for non-Brahmins
➢ It opposed the Home rule movement as a movement of Brahmins.
➢ It criticised Congress party as the party of Brahmins.
➢ It demanded communal representation. The Act of 1919 provided reservation
of seats to the non-Brahmins.

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3. Describe the role of Tamil Nadu in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
➢ Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.
➢ Civil Disobedience Movement was a mass movement with the participation
of all sections of people. Students, shopkeepers, workers and women
participated in it.
➢ Demonstrations, hartals and Swadeshi dramas were seen everywhere.
➢ Tamil Nadu was in the fore front of Civil Disobedience Movement
➢ In the city of Madras, shops were picketed and foreign goods were boycotted.
Salt March to Vedaranyam:
➢ Rajaji organised and led a salt Satyagraha march to Vedaranyam.
➢ The march started from Tiruchirappalli on 13 April 1930 and reached
Vedaranyam on 28th April.
➢ A special song was composed for the march by Namakkal V. Ramalinganar.
➢ There was a warm welcome to the Satyagrahis by the people all along the
route.
➢ On reaching Vedaranyam 12 volunteers under the leadership of Rajaji broke
the salt law by picking up salt.
➢ Rajaji was arrested for breaking the salt laws.
Agitations in Tamil districts:
➢ Under the leadership of T.Prakasam, the Satyagrahis set up a camp at
Udayavanam. The police arrested them. It led to hartal and clashes with the
police.
➢ People tried to break salt law at Rameswaram, Anjengo, Veppalodai,
Thoothukudi and Tharuvaikulam were stopped by the police.
➢ Rukmani Lakshmipathi was the first woman to pay fine for taking part in the
Satyagraha.
➢ Leaders like Bhashyam, Satyamurti and Kamaraj also played an important
role.
➢ But the police used brutal force to suppress the movement.
Role of Tiruppur Kumaran:
➢ In Tiruppur a procession which was going on carrying national flag was
brutally beaten by the police. Tiruppur Kumaran fell dead holding the
national flag aloft.
➢ He is hailed as Kodikatha Kumaran.
➢ Thus Civil disobedience Movement in Tamilnadu was one of the largest
movements with participation from all sections of the society.
VIII. Activity (For Students)
1. Students can be asked to write a sentence or two about the important places of
freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu.
2. Role Play: Students can be divided into groups and asked to debate the views of
the Moderates, Extremists, Revolutionaries, Annie Besant’s supporters, Justice
Party, and British Government.
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PART II - ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

I. Choose the correct answer
1. In 1891 a Tamil nationalist periodical Swadeshamitran was started by
a) T. Muthuswami b) Bharathiar
c) G. Subramaniam d) Rangaiah
Ans: c) G. Subramaniam
2. The first secretary of the Madras Mahajana Sabha was
a) P. Rangaiah b) P. Anandacharlu
c) T.M. Nair d) Annie Besant
Ans: b) P. Anandacharlu
3. Vaikom is a place in ______.
a) Tamil Nadu b) Andhra Pradesh
c) Karnataka d) Kerala Ans: d) Kerala
4. The partition of Bengal led to the ______.
a) Dandi March b) Home Rule Movement
c) Swadeshi Movement d) Quit India Movement
Ans: c) Swadeshi Movement
5. The Coral mills strike was led by ______.
a) Gandhi b) Kamaraj
c) Aurobindo Gosh d) V.O.C. Ans: d) V.O.C.
6. The president of the Congress session held in 1917 was ______.
a) Annie Besant b) Subbarayan
c) E.V.R. d) T. Prakasam Ans: a) Annie Besant
7. The South Indian Liberal Federation was popularly known as ______.
a) Self Respect Movement b) Madras Mahajana Sabha
c) Theosophical Society d) Justice Party Ans: d) Justice Party
8. In Tamil Nadu Khilafat day was observed on ______.
a) 17 April 1920 b) 17 April 1919
c) 9 March 1919 d) 27 April 1920 Ans: a) 17 April 1920
9. The epi-centre of Khilafat movement was ______.
a) Aarani b) Thiruppur
c) Vaniyambadi d) Ramanathapuram
Ans: c) Vaniyambadi
10. In Tamil Nadu the president of the Simon Boycott Propaganda Committee was
______.
a) Lala Lajpat Rai b) Rajaji c) Satyamurti d) Kamaraj
Ans: c) Satyamurti
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11. The government of India Act of 1935 introduced ______.
a) Dyarchy in the provinces b) Provincial autonomy
c) Dominion status d) Interim government
Ans: b) Provincial autonomy
12. The leader of the Theosophical Society was __________.
a) Sarojini Naidu b) Kamala Nehru
c) Annie Besant d) Aurobindo Gosh
Ans: c) Annie Besant
II. Fill in the blanks Answers
1. The newspaper ‘The Hindu’ was started in ______. 1878
2. The second session of the Indian National Congress was Calcutta
held at ______.
3. Bengal was partitioned in ______. 1905
4. The Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company operated Colombo
service between Thoothukudi and ______.
5. Vanchinathan killed collector ______ at ______. Ashe, Maniyachi
6. The Self Respect Movement was started by ______. E.V.R.
7. The Justice party’s final defeat occurred in the elections 1937
held in the year ______.
8. In Tamil Nadu the Salt march was led by ______. Rajaji
9. ______ Act is called the Black Act. Rowlatt
10. The second session of the Indian National Congress was Dadabhai Naoroji
chaired by ______.
III. Choose the correct statement
1. i) Bipin Chandra Pal was a moderate leader
ii) When Bharati escaped to Pondicherry it was under the French rule.
iii) The South Indian Liberal Federation was founded to promote the interests
of the non-Brahmins.
iv) With the rise of Gandhi as a national leader the Home Rule League became
stronger.
a) i) and ii) are correct b) ii) and iii) are correct
c) i) and iv) are correct d) ii) is correct
Ans: b) ii) and iii) are correct
2. i) The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at Bombay.
ii)  The third session of the Indian National Congress was chaired by
Surendranath Banerjee.
iii) The partition of Bengal led to the Non cooperation movement.
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iv) E.V.R. formed the first Congress ministry in Tamil Nadu.
a) i) is correct b) i) and iii) are correct
c) i), ii) and iii) are correct d) ii) and iv) are correct
Ans: a) i) is correct
3. i) Annie Besant was an American lady.
ii) She was a leader of the Theosophical society.
iii) She started a newspaper ‘Justice’ in English.
iv) General Dyer who was responsible for Jallianwala Bagh massacre was
acquitted of all charges.
a) ii) is correct b) ii) and iv) are correct
c) i), ii) and iii) are correct d) ii), iii) and iv) are correct
Ans: b) ii) and iv) are correct
4. Assertion: I n 1877 an Indian, T. Muthuswami was appointed as the Judge of
Madras High Court.
Reason: The entire press in Madras welcomed his appointment.
a) Both A and R are wrong
b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the right explanation
c) A is right but R is wrong
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the right explanation
Ans: c) A is right but R is wrong
5. Assertion: The Act of 1919 was welcomed by the Justice party.
Reason: This act provided reservation of seats to non-Brahmins.
a) Both A and R are wrong
b) A is correct but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation
d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Ans: d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
6. Assertion: In 1939 the elected Congress ministries resigned.
Reason: The British requested India’s support in the war.
a) Both A and R are correct
b) Both A and R are wrong
c) A is correct but R is wrong
d) A is correct and R is the right explanation Ans: c) A is correct but R is wrong
IV. Match the Following
I II Answers
1 Annie Besant a Swaraj Party e New India
2 SILF b Khilafat Movement d Andhra Prakasika
3 E.V.R. c Self Respect Movement c Self Respect Movement
4 Vaniambadi d Andhra Prakasika b Khilafat Movement
5 Motilal Nehru e New India a Swaraj Party
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V. Answer the questions briefly

1. How was the freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu a unique one?
From the beginning it was not only a struggle for independence from English
rule but also a struggle for independence from social inability imposed by the
obnoxious caste system.
2. Name a few newspapers which helped the growth of national movement.
➢ The Hindu ➢ Swadeshamitran ➢ Indian Patriot
➢ South Indian Mail ➢ Madras Standard ➢ Desabhimani
➢ Vijaya ➢ Suryodayam ➢ India
3. Write a note on Bharata Matha Society.
➢ Bharata Matha Society was started in 1910 by Nilakanta Brahmachari and
others.
➢ Its objective was to kill British officials and thereby kindle patriotic fervor
among the people.
4. Write a short note on Khilafat Movement.
➢ After the First World War the Caliph of Turkey was humiliated and deprived
of all powers.
➢ To restore the Caliph the Khilafat movement was started.
➢ This movement was started by Ali brothers.
➢ Muslims joined it in huge numbers.
➢ In Tamil Nadu Khilafat Day was observed on 17, April 1920.
5. Who is called the Vaikom Hero? Why?
➢ In Vaikom, the depressed classes were not permitted to enter the temple and
to walk on the streets around the temple or come within a distance of the
upper class.
➢ E.V.R. fought against this social evil.
➢ As a result of this in June 1925, the ban on the roads around the temple in
Vaikom was lifted. The ban on temple entry was also lifted.
➢ For his contribution against caste discrimination he was hailed as Vaikom Hero
6. What do you know about Tiruppur Kumaran?
➢ As a part of Civil Disobedience movement on 11 January 1932 a procession
was going on in Tiruppur carrying national flag and singing patriotic songs.
➢ They were brutally beaten by the police.
➢ Tiruppur Kumaran fell dead holding the national flag aloft. He is hailed as
Kodikatha Kumaran.
VI. Answer the questions given under each caption
1. Tirunelveli uprising
a) Who led the strike in the Carol Mills?
V.O.C. led the strike.
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b) Why were V.O.C and Subramania Siva arrested?
They organized a public meeting to celebrate the release of Bipin. So they
were arrested.
c) What was the reaction of the people to this arrest?
It led to riots in Tirunelvely. They burnt down police station, court building
and municipal office.
d) Where did Bharathi escape and why?
Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry to escape imprisonment because Pondicherry
was under the French rule.
2. The South Indian Liberal Federation
a) Why was the South Indian Liberal Federation founded?
It was founded to promote the interest of the non-Brahmins.
b) Who were the two leading non-Brahmin leaders?
Dr. T.M. Nair and P. Thyagarayar.
c) Name the newspapers published by SILF?
Justice in English, Dravidian in Tamil and Andhra Prakasika in Telugu.
d) How was SILF popularly known?
It was known as Justice party.
3. Khilafat Movement
a) Who was humiliated and deprived of all powers after the First World War?
The Caliph of Turkey
b) Why was the Khilafat Movement started?
Khilafat Movement was started to restore all the powers of Caliph.
c) Who presided over the meeting conducted on the Khilafat Movement?
Maulana Shaukat Ali
d) Which is the epicentre of Khilafat agitation?
Vaniyambadi
VII. Answer in detail
1. Write an essay on the Non-Cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu.
➢ Tamil Nadu was active during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
➢ Rajaji and E.V.R. were important leaders of this movement.
➢ The Muslims and Hindus co-operated during this movement.
➢ The Congress volunteers played an important role.
➢ In many places the cultivators refused to pay taxes.
➢ A no tax campaign took place in Thanjavur.
➢ Councils, schools and courts were boycotted.
➢ There were a number of workers’ strikes.
➢ Toddy shops were picketed.
➢ Demonstrations and hartals were organized.
➢ There were also agitations by communities against registration under the
Criminal Tribes Act.
➢ It was decided to organize civil disobedience.
➢ Many leaders were arrested.
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➢ In the police attack two were killed and a few others were killed.
➢ The Non co-operation movement was withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri
Chaura incident.
2. What do you know about ‘Salt March to Vedaranyam’.
➢ Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience movement by setting out on a Salt
Satyagraha with a march to Dandi on 12 March 1930.
➢ In the south Tamilnadu was in the fore front of Civil Disobedient Movement.
Salt March to Vedaranyam:
➢ Rajaji organised and led a salt Satyagraha march to Vedaranyam.
➢ The march started from Tiruchirappalli on 13 April 1930 and reached
Vedaranyam on 28th April.
➢ A special song was composed for the march by Namakkal V. Ramalinganar.
➢ There was a warm welcome to the Satyagrahis by the people all along the route.
➢ On reaching Vedaranyam 12 volunteers under the leadership of Rajaji broke
the salt law by picking up salt.
➢ Rajaji was arrested for breaking the salt laws.
➢ T.S.S.Rajan, Rukmani Lakshmipathi, Sardar Vedarathnam, C.Swaminathar
and K.Santhanam were other prominent leaders who participated in the
Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha. 

VIII. MIND MAP

Quit India struggle
Tirunelveli Civil Disobedience movement
uprising
Simon Commission
Swadeshi Steam
Navigation Company Swarajists

Khilafat movement
Swadeshi
movement
Rowlatt Act

Home Rule Movement

Madras
Mahajana Sabha

Madras Native
Association

Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu

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HISTORY
UNIT
Social Transformation
10 in Tamil Nadu
PART I - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION
I. Choose the correct answer
1. ________ was the pioneer of social reformers in India.
a) C.W.Damotharanar b) Periyar
c) Raja RamMohan Roy d) Maraimalai Adigal
Ans: c) Raja RamMohan Roy
2. ________ established a full-fledged printing press in 1709, at Tranquebar.
a) Caldwell b) F.W.Ellis
c) Ziegenbalg d) Meenakshisundaram
Ans: c) Ziegenbalg
3. ________ was the official newspaper of the Self Respect Movement.
a) Kudi Arasu b) Puratchi c) Viduthalai d) Paguththarivu
Ans: a) Kudi Arasu
4. Periyar wanted religion to be replaced by ________.
a) Nationalism b) Iconoclasm c) Rationalism d) Spiritualism
Ans: c) Rationalism
5. ________ founded Adi DravidaMahajana Sabha in 1893.
a) Rettaimalai Srinivasan b) B.R. Ambedkar
c) Rajaji d) M.C. Rajah
Ans: a) Rettaimalai Srinivasan
6. India’s first organised trade union, the Madras Labour Union was formed in
________.
a) 1918 b) 1917 c) 1916 d) 1914
Ans: a) 1918
7. ________ was established by the Justice Party Government for the selection of
Government officials.
a) Staff Selection Board b) Public Service Commission
c) Provincial Staff Recruitment Board d) Staff Selection Commission
Ans: a) Staff Selection Board
8. ________ was the first elected Legislative Council member from the depressed
class in Madras Province.
a) M C Rajah b) Rettaimalai Srinivasan
c) T.M.Nair d) P.Varadarajulu Ans: a) M C Rajah

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II. Fill in the blanks Answers

1. _______ was the first non-European language that went Tamil
into print.
2. The college of Fort St. George was founded by _______. F.W. Ellis
3. _______ is considered as the father of Tamil linguistic Maraimalai Adigal
purism.
4. _______ was the first to approve participation of women Justice Party
in the electoral politics. government
5. The name Suriyanarayana sastri changed in Tamil as ___. Parithimar
Kalaignar
6. _______ gave prominence to Tamil music. Abraham Pandithar
7. The first woman legislator in India was _______. Muthulakshmi
Ammaiyar
III. Choose the correct statement
1. i) Thirukkural was one of the earliest Tamil literary texts to be published in
1812.
ii) Maraimalai Adigal collected and edited different palm leaf manuscripts of
the Tamil grammars and literature.
iii) Robert Caldwell established the close affinity between the Dravidian
languages in contrast with Sanskrit and also established the antiquity of
Tamil.
iv) Thiru. Vi.Kalyana Sundaram was a early pioneer in Trade union movement.
a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (i) and (iii) are correct
d) (iv) is correct e) (ii) and (iii) are correct
Ans: b) (i) and (iii) are correct
2. i) Margret Cousin was one of the founders of Women’s India Association.
ii) Periyar spent his entire life campaigning against superstitions through
Thinkers or Rationalists Forums he had formed.
iii) Singaravelar was a staunch supporter of Hindu Mahasabha
iv) Periyar emphasized that the caste system in South India is linked with the
arrival of Brahmins from the North.
a) (iii) and (iv) are correct b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
c) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct d) (ii) and (iii) are correct
Ans: c) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
3. Assertion: T he Justice Party continued to remain in government from 1920-1937
in Madras Presidency.
Reason: The Congress Party boycotted the Madras Legislature during this period
of Dyarchy.
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a) Both A and R are correct
b) A is correct, but R is not the correct explanation
c) Both A and R are wrong
d) R is correct, but it has no relevance to A Ans: a) Both A and R are correct
4. Assertion: A s World War I was in progress, the British Government was
considering the introduction of representative institutions for Indians
after the war.
Reason: In 1920, Dyarchy as a form of Government was introduced in the
provinces.
a) A is correct, but R is not the correct reason
b) Both A and R are wrong
c) Both A and R are right
d) A is wrong and R has no relevance to A Ans: c) Both A and R are right
IV. Match the following
I II Answers
1 Dravidian Home a Maraimalai Adigal d Natesanar
2 Thozhilalan b Rettaimalai c Singaravelar
Srinivasan
3 Tani Tamil Iyakkam c Singaravelar a Maraimalai Adigal
4 Jeeviya Saritha d Natesanar b Rettaimalai Srinivasan
Surukkam

V. Answer briefly
1. Write a note on Tamil Renaissance.
➢ The English tried to impose their cultural superiority over the Indians.
Indigenous traditions were treated as primitive. Indian society was portrayed
as conservative.
➢ This caused a reaction from among the Indians. The educated Indians began
to feel the humiliation. They began to react and they were ready to reform.
➢ Raja Rammohan Roy was the pioneer among them.
➢ They were preparing a social and cultural sphere to counter the cultural
hegemony of Europe.
➢ It resulted in the social and religious reform movements in modern India.
This historic development is known as ‘the Indian renaissance’
2. Highlight the contribution of Caldwell for the cause of South Indian languages.
➢ Caldwell expanded the theory that the South Indian languages belonged to a
separate family which was unrelated to the Indo. Aryan family of languages
in a book titled. ‘A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South Indian
family of languages’.
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Loyola www.nammakalvi.in EC 10th Social Science
➢ He established a close affinity between the Dravidian languages in contrast
with Sanskrit and also established the antiquity of Tamil.
3. List out the personalities who contributed to the revival of Tamil literature
through their writings.
➢ Damotharanar ➢ U.V. Swaminathar
➢ Thiru. Vi. Kalyana Sundaram ➢ Maraimalai Adigal
➢ Subramania Bharathi ➢ S. Vaiyapuri
➢ Bharathidasan ➢ Parithimar Kalaignar
4. Discuss the importance of Hindu Religious Endowment Act passed by the
Justice ministry.
➢ The huge resources of the temples of Tamil Nadu were monopolised and
exploited by the dominant caste in the society and led to mismanagement of
public resources.
➢ The Justice party introduced the Hindu Religious Endowment Act in 1926.
It enabled any individual, irrespective of their caste affiliation, to become
member of the temple committee and govern the resources of the religious
institutions.
5. What do you know of Cheranmahadevi Gurukulam incident?
➢ Cheranmadevi Gurukulam was run by V.V.Subramaniam Iyer with the
financial support of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee.
➢ There was caste-based discrimination in the dining hall of the Gurukulam.
➢ Periyar protested against this discrimination.
➢ But the Congress continued its support to the Gurukulam.
6. Name the newspapers published by the South Indian Liberal Foundation.
➢ Dravidian in Tamil ➢ Justice in English
➢ Andhra Prakasika in Telugu
7. Estimate Periyar as a feminist
➢ Periyar had a concern over the plight of women.
➢ He emphasised women’s right to divorce and property.
➢ He condemned child marriage and devadasi system.
➢ He believed that property rights for women would provide them social status
and protection.
➢ He was a strong champion of birth control.
➢ He said that motherhood was a burden to women.
8. Explain the proceedings of All India Trade Union Congress Conference held
in 1920.
The following resolutions were discussed in the conference.
➢ A demand for protection from police interference in labour disputes, the
maintenance of an unemployment register, restriction on exporting food
stuffs, compensation for injuries and health insurance.
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➢ They also demanded that Indian workers be given some representation in the
government.
VI. Answer the questions given under each caption
1. Periyar E.V.R
a) When did Periyar found Dravidar Kazhagam?
Periyar founded Dravida Kazhagam in 1944.
b) What were the newspapers and journals run by Periyar?
Kudi Arasu, Revolt, Puratchi, Paguththarivu and Viduthalai
c) Why was Periyar known as Vaikom hero?
Lower caste people were denied admission into the temple and the streets
around the temple at Vaikom. Periyar led the temple entry movement against
this and succeeded in his attempt. So he is known as Vaikom Hero.
d) Which was the most important work of Periyar?
Founding of Self Respect Movement was the important work of Periyar.
2. Labour Movement in Tamilnadu
a) Highlight the factors that caused the birth of Trade Union Movement in
Madras
After the First World War retrenchments across industries and high prices
led to the formation of labour movement. The nationalists realised the value
of organised power and supported the cause of the labour. With the support
of some prominent persons Trade Union Movement was started.
b) Identify the three prominent persons associated with the Madras Labour
Union.
B.P. Wadia, M. Singaravelar, Thiru.V.Kalyanasundaram
c) Where was the first conference of All India Trade Union Congress held?
The first conference was held at Bombay
d) Who organized the first ever celebration of May Day in Madras and in
which year?
M. Singaravelar organized the celebration in 1923.
3. Maraimalai Adigal
a) Name the Sangam texts for which Maraimalai Adigal wrote commentaries.
Pattinappalai and Mullaipattu
b) Name the journal where he worked as a young man.
Siddhanta Deepika
c) Why did he oppose imposition of Hindi?
Maraimalai Adigal was critical of Hindi and the Brahminical hegemony in
Tamil society. So he opposed Hindi.
d) Who were the key influences in Maraimalai Adigal’s life?
His teachers P. Sundaranar and Somasundara Nayagar.

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VII. Answer in detail

1. Attempt an essay on foundation and development of Tamil Renaissance in the
19th Century.
Foundation of Tamil renaissance:
➢ The rationalistic thoughts and the introduction of printing press supported
the process of Tamil renaissance.
➢ A number of Tamil secular texts were published.
➢ Tamil scholars like U.V.Swaminathar and Damotharanar played an important
role.
➢ Damotharanar collected palm-leaf manuscripts of Tamil literature and
grammar. U.V. Swaminathar published classical texts.
➢ The rediscovery of ancient classics and their publication is the foundation of
Tamil renaissance.
Development:
➢ The publication of these ancient literary texts created awareness among the
people about their historical tradition, language, literature and religion.
➢ Linguists, historians and Tamil scholars recognised the uniqueness of Tamil
culture which had a separate and independent cultural existence.
➢ F.W. Ellis formulated the theory that the South Indian languages belonged to a
separate family which was not related to the Indo-Aryan family of languages.
➢ This statement was supported by Robert Caldwell in his book ‘A Comparative
Grammar of the Dravidian Languages’.
➢ Tamil intellectuals identified the fundamental differences between Tamil and
Sanskrit and Aryan Brahmanism.
➢ They argued that Tamil was a language of Dravidian people who are non-
Brahmins.
➢ Tamil renaissance contributed to the origin and growth of Dravidian
consciousness.
➢ Tamil renaissance questioned the cultural hegemony of Brahmanism. These
developments were reflected in art, literature, religion etc.
➢ Thiru. Vi. Kalyana Sundaram, Maraimalai Adigal, Subramania Bharathi,
S. Vaiyapuri and Bharathidasan have also contributed to the revival of Tamil
literature through their writings.
2. Describe the background for the formation of the Justice party and point out
its contribution to the cause of social justice.
Formation of the Justice Party:
➢ During the First World War, the British government was considering the
introduction of representative institutions for Indians after the war.

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➢ Fearing that such political reforms would strengthen the political power of
the Brahmins, educated non-Brahmins organized themselves politically.
➢ On 20 November 1916 non Brahmin leaders like Natesanar, Sir Pitti
Theyagarayar, Alamelu Mangai and T.M. Nair formed the South Indian
Liberal Federation.
➢ The South Indian Liberal Federation came to be called the Justice Party.
Contributions of the Justice Party:
➢ Justice Party published newspapers such as Dravidian, Justice and Andhra
Prakasika to propagate the ideals of the party.
➢ The Justice party government widened education and employment
opportunities for the majority of the population.
➢ It created space for them in the political sphere.
➢ The Justice party removed the legal hindrances restricting inter-caste
marriage.
➢ It broke the barriers that prevented the Adi-Dravidars from using public
wells and tanks.
➢ Public schools were ordered to admit Adi-Dravidar children.
➢ Hostels were established for Ad-Dravidar children.
➢ Women were permitted to participate in the electoral politics in 1921.
➢ It worked for communal representation for various communities.
➢ Orders were passed for equal distribution among various castes in
appointments.
➢ In 1924 the Staff Selection Board was created.
➢ In 1929 the Public Service Commission was established.
➢ The Justice party introduced the Hindu Religious Endowment Act.
➢ Anybody irrespective of their caste were permitted to become members of
temple committee.
3. Estimate Periyar E.V.R’s decisive contribution to the social transformation of
Tamil Nadu.
E.V.R. Periyar was the founder of the Self Respect Movement.
Caste based:
➢ Periyar as the president of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee proposed a
resolution regarding the rights of untouchables to temple entry.
➢ Lower caste people were denied admission into the temple and the streets
around the temple at Vaikom. Periyar led the temple entry movement against
this and succeeded in his attempt.
➢ Periyar was disturbed by the caste based discrimination in the dining hall at
the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam. He objected this and protested against this
discrimination.

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
➢ He insisted the introduction of reservation in legislative bodies for non-
Brahmins.
➢ He supported Ambedkar’s demand for separate electorate for scheduled
castes.
Through newspapers:
➢ Periyar started a number of newspapers like Kudi Arasu and Puratchi. He
exposed the voices of non-Brahmins and minorities through newspapers.
Education:
➢ Periyar opposed the introduction of Hindi in schools.
➢ He criticized Kula Kalvi Thittam and opposed it.
Periyar on religion:
➢ Periyar opposed superstitions
➢ He advocated inter caste and self respect marriages.
➢ He objected to the hereditary priesthood in temples.
Periyar, a Feminist:
➢ Periyar condemned child marriage and devadasi system.
➢ He supported women’s right to divorce and property.
➢ He welcomed equal rights for males and females in property.
➢ He was a strong champion of birth control.
➢ Periyar’s Self Respect Movement worked for women’s emancipation.
VIII. Students Activity (For students)
1. Students can be taught to distinguish between Labour Movement and Trade
Union Movement. Project work on the activities of local trade union organizations
may be done by students.
2. Students can compile the activities of the local writers’ associations or women’s
collectives.
PART II - ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Sonnet form in Tamil was introduced by
a) Maraimalai Adigal b) Bharathidasan
c) P.Sundaranar d) Suryanarayana Sastri
Ans: d) Suryanarayana Sastri
2. The first conference of the Dravida Mahajana Sabha was organised at
a) Thoothukudi b) Nilgiris c) Chennai d) Salem
Ans: b) Nilgiris
3. Maraimalai Adigal served as a Tamil teacher in
a) Madurai b) Erode c) Tirunelveli d) Chennai
Ans: d) Chennai
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4. The first ever Chief Minister of the Justice party in Madras Presidency was
a) T.M.Nair b) Subbarayalu
c) Munisamy d) Theyagarayar
Ans: b) Subbarayalu
5. The Indian National Congress contested the Assembly elections for the first
time in
a) 1923 b) 1935 c) 1937 d) 1942Ans: c) 1937
6. Dyarchy form of Government was introduced in the provinces by
a) The Indian Council Act b) Montague Chelmsford Reforms
c) Minto Morley Reforms d) Government of India Act of 1935
Ans: b) Montague Chelmsford Reforms
7. The Justice Party was established in
a) 1909 b) 1912 c) 1916 d) 1924
Ans: c) 1916
8. Staff Selection Board was established in
a) 1921 b) 1924 c) 1926 d) 1933
 Ans: b) 1924
9. Self Respect Movement was started in
a) 1919 b) 1921 c) 1923 d) 1925
 Ans: d) 1925
10. In 1709 a full fledged printing press was established at
a) Goa b) Tranquebar c) Karaikal d) Sivakasi
 Ans: b) Tranquebar
11. The South Indian Liberal Federation is otherwise known as
a) Dravidian party b) Justice party c) Swarajya party d) Akalidal
 Ans: b) Justice party
12. The duration of the First World War was
a) 1913-18 b) 1914-18 c) 1914-19 d) 1912-1918
 Ans: b) 1914-18
13. India’s first organised Trade union was
a) All India Trade Union Congress b) Madras Mahajana Sabha
c) Madras Labour Union d) South Indian Liberal Federation
 Ans: c) Madras Labour Union
14. The first ever celebration of May Day was organized in 1923 by __________.
a) Singaravelar b) E.V.R.Periyar c) Kamaraj d) Rajaji
 Ans: a) Singaravelar

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15. One of the founders of Women’s India Association was
a) Annie Besant b) Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
c) Madam Blavatsky d) Sarojini Naidu Ans: a) Annie Besant
II. Fill in the blanks Answers
1. Tani Tamil Iyakkam was founded by ______ Maraimalai Adigal
2. Manonmaniam was written by ________ P.Sundaranar
3. The original name of Maraimalai Adigal was _____ Vedachalam
4. A dictionary that provided Tamil equivalents to Sanskrit Neelambikai
words was compiled by _________.
5. The Justice party was defeated by the Congress in the 1937
elections held in the year _____
6. The Public Service Commission was established in ___ 1929
7. Self Respect Movement was started by _________ E.V.R.Periyar
8. In Cheranmadevi, a Gurukulam was run by _______ V.V.Subramaniam
9. ______ is considered as the first communist of South India Singaravelar
10. Kula Kalvi Thittam was introduced by _____ C.Rajagopalachari
11. Tanjore Sangitha Vidya Mahajana Sangam was founded Abraham
by _____ Pandithar
12. The Second Round Table conference was convened in 1931
________
13. ______ is the fountainhead of the non - Brahmin movement Justice party
in the country.
14. Justice party merged with the Self Respect movement and Dravidar
came to be called ______ Kazhagam
15. The first woman doctor in India was ______ Muthulakshmi
Ammaiyar

III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) Meenakshi Sundaranar was a student of U.V.Swaminathar.
ii) Maraimalai Adigal was a student of P. Sundaranar.
iii) Maraimalai Adigal was a student of Madras Christian College.
iv) South Indian Liberal Federation was a non-Brahmin organization.
a) i) and iii) are correct b) iii) and iv) are correct
c) ii) and iv) are correct d) ii) is correct
 Ans : c) ii) and iv) are correct

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
2. i) Self Respect Movement championed the causes of muslims also.
ii) Yet Periyar attacked the wearing of purdah by muslim women.
iii) E.V.R. Periyar was graduated from the university of Madras
iv) Though Periyar supported the Congress party he did not support the Non-
co operation movement.
a) i) and ii) are correct b) ii) and iii) are correct
c) i) and iv) are correct d) iii) and iv) are correct
 Ans : a) i) and ii) are correct
3. i) Maraimalai Adigal was popularly known as Grandpa
ii) E.V.R Periyar opposed birth control
iii) E.V.R Periyar opposed Kula Kalvi Thittam
iv) Singaravelar was one of the early leaders of communist party of India.
a) i) and ii) are correct b) ii) and iv) are correct
c) iii) is correct d) iv) is correct
Ans : b) iii) and iv) are correct
4. Assertion (A) : T he Justice party introduced the Hindu Religions Endowment
Act in 1929.
Reason (R) : T  he resources of the temples were exploited by the dominant caste
a) A is wrong but R is correct
b) A is correct but R is wrong
c) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
d) Both A and R are correct. R is the correct reason for A.
Ans : d) Both A and R are correct. R is the correct reason for A
5. Assertion (A) : E.V.R. Periyar quit the Congress in 1925
Reason (R) : He was forced to do so by the Congress leaders.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct (R) is the correct reason for (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but R is not the correct reason for (R)
c) A is correct and R is wrong
d) Both (A) and R are wrong. Ans : c) A is correct and R is wrong
IV. Match the following
1. I II Answers
1 Maraimalai Adigal a Adi Andhra d Vedachalam
2 Ramalinga Adigal b Chitraputtiran e Vallalar
3 E.V.R.Periyar c Grandpa b Chitraputtiran
4 Rettaimalai Srinivasan d Vedachalam c Grandpa
5 M.C.Rajah e Vallalar a Adi Andhra

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2. I II Answers
1 Muthulakshmi a Poona Pact b Devadasi System
Ammaiyar
2 Rettaimalai Srinivasan b Devadasi System a Poona Pact
3 Singaravelar c Viduthalai e Worker
4 E.V.R.Periyar d Dravidian Home c Viduthalai
5 Natesanar e Worker d Dravidian Home

V. Answer the following questions in brief

1. What were the services of Damotharanar to Tamil Literature?
Damodharanar collected and edited different palm leaf manuscripts of Tamil
➢ 
grammars and literature.
His editions were Tolkappiyam, Veeracholiyam, Iraiyanar - Akapporul,
➢ 
Ilakkana Vilakkam, Kaliththokai and Chulamani.
2. Name the newspapers and journals started by Periyar.
➢ Kudi Arasu ➢  Revolt ➢  Puratchi
➢  Paguththarivu ➢  Viduthalai ➢  Kudi Arasu
3. Bring out the services of Rettaimalai Srinivasan to the progress of the depressed
classes.
➢  Rettaimalai Srinivasan founded the Adi Dravida Mahajana Sabha in 1893.
➢  He published a newspaper Paraiyan to highlight the problems of the
oppressed people.
➢  He constantly engaged in discussions with leaders of the Indian National
Congress and the Justice party on questions involving the deprived castes
➢  He influenced the Justice party to take action to safeguard the interests of the
depressed sections of the society.
4. What were the services of M.C.Rajah to the depressed classes?
➢ M.C.Rajah demanded the abolition of untouchability and organized a
number of political meetings and conferences for the untouchable castes to
have access to public wells and pathways to burial grounds.
➢ He advocated the terms Adi-Dravida and Adi-Andhra for the depressed class
people.
➢ In 1928, he founded All India Depressed Classes Association
5. List out the women activists who worked for women empowerment.
➢  Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar ➢  Nagammai
➢  Kannamma ➢  Nilavathi
➢  Muvalur Ramamirtham ➢  Rukmani Ammal
➢  Alamelu Mangai Thayammal ➢  Nilambikai
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6. Write a short note on Devadasi system
➢ In India there was a custom of dedicating young girls to the Hindu temples
as servants of God known as devadesi.
➢ Though intended as a service to God it soon got corrupted leading to extensive
immorality and abuse of the women.
➢ Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar worked for the abolition of devadasi system.
7. Name the Sangam texts for which Maraimalai Adigal wrote commentaries.
Pattinappalai and Mullaipattu
VI. Answer the questions given under each caption
1. Tamil Renaissance.
a)  Who was instrumental for the establishment of a printing press in
Tranquebar?
Zieganbalg
b) By whom was the College of Fort St George founded?
The College of Fort St George was founded by F.W. Ellis.
c) What theory did he formulate?
 He formulated the theory that the south Indian languages belonged to a
separate family which was unrelated to the Indo-Aryan family of languages.
d) Who was the author of Manonmaniam?
P. Sundaranar was the author of Manonmaniam
2. South Indian Liberal Federation.
a) Who were the founders of the South Indian Liberal Federation?
Dr. Natesanar, Sir. Pitti Theyagarayar, T.M.Nair and Alamelu Mangai
Thayarammal were the founders of South Indian Liberal Federation.
b) How was the South Indian Liberal Federation known as?
It was known as Justice party.
c) Who became the Chief Minister of Madras presidency in 1920?
A. Subbarayalu became the Chief Minister in 1920.
d) By which party was the Justice party defeated in 1937?
In 1937 the Justice party was defeated by the Indian National Congress.
3. Rettaimalai Srinivasan
a) How was Rettaimalai Srinivasan popularly known as?
He was popularly known as Grandpa.
b) How was he honoured?
He was honoured with titles like Rao Sahib, Rao Bahadur and Divan Bahadur
c) What was the name of his autobiography?
Jeeviya Saritha Surukkam.

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Loyola EC 10th Social Science
d) Why did he start the newspaper Paraiyan?
He started the newspaper paraiyan to highlight the problems of the oppressed
people.
4. Language agitation.
a) Who started the pure Tamil movement?
Maraimalai Adigal
b) Name the Premier of Madras Presidency who made Hindi a compulsory
subject in schools.
C. Rajagopalachari
c) Name two leaders who opposed the introduction of Hindi.
Periyar and Maraimalai Adigal
d) How did the anti-Hindi campaigners show their opposition?
They conducted massive protest meetings, demonstrations and hunger fasts.
5. Women’s movements.
a) What were the important associations that worked for women
empowerment?
Women’s India Association and All India Women’s Conference
b) What was the work of Women’s India Association?
The Association published pamphlets and bulletins in different languages to
detail the problems of personal hygiene, marriage laws, voting rights, child
care and women’s role in the public.
c) What did the Self respecters work for?
The self respecters worked for gender equality and gender sensitization.
d) Who was instrumental for the abolition of Devadasi system?
Dr. Muthu lakshmi Ammaiyar.
VII. Answer in detail
1. Give an account of language agitation before Indian independence.
➢ Language is considered as a dominant symbol of identity.
➢ Maraimalai Adigal’s pure Tamil movement, the language reforms of Periyar
and Tamil Isai Movement helped to galvanize the Tamil language.
➢ Agamic temples did not permit the performance of rituals in Tamil. Abraham
Pandithar attempted to reconstruct ancient Tamil musical system.
➢ He founded the Tanjore Sangitha Vidya Mahajana Sangam in 1912. This
movement gave importance to the singing of Tamil compositions in music
concerts.
➢ The introduction of Hindi was seen as a threat to Tamil language and culture.
➢ Rajagopalachari introduced Hindi as a compulsory subject in schools. Periyar
and Maraimalai Adigal opposed this vehemently.

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➢ They are of the opinion that the Tamils would lose their job opportunities
because of the introduction of Hindi.
➢ They argued that Tamil language would suffer with the introduction of
Hindi.
➢ They considered it an ideological battle against Brahmanism and the
hegemony of Sanskrit over Tamil.
➢ They conducted massive protest meetings, demonstrations and hunger fasts.
2. Write about the women’s movement in Tamil Nadu.
➢ A number of movements and organizations were established for women’s
empowerment.
➢ Of them Women’s India Association and All India Women’s Conference are
very important.
➢ The Association published pamphlets and bulletins in different languages to
detail the problems of hygiene, marriage laws, voting rights, childcare and
women’s role in the public.
➢ AIWC gave importance to women’s education and recommended the
government to implement various policies for the upliftment of women.
➢ Self Respect Movement also worked for women’s liberation.
➢ Periyar worked for gender equality and gender sensitization.
➢ There were several women activists like Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar,
Nagammai and Muvalur Ramamirtham.
➢ Dr.Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar fought against the Devadasi system. Thanks to
her efforts the Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act of 1947 was
enacted by the government.

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VIII. MIND MAP

Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Justice Self Respect Language Women’s

Renaissance Party Movement Agitation Movement

Damotharanar Periyar WIA

U.V.Swaminathar Non-Brahmin uplift AIWC

Empowerment of women Works of

F.W. Ellis Self Respect
Services to Muslims Movement
Robert Caldwell
Vaikom Hero Women
Subramaniya Activists
Bharathi Anti Hindi stance
Role of
P. Sundaranar Uplift of Women Muthulakshmi
Ammaiyar
Abraham Pandithar

Suryanarayana
Sastri

Maraimalai Adigal

Natesanar Pure Tamil Movement

Pitti Theyagarayar Tamil Isai Movement

T.M. Nair Anti Hindi Movement

Alamelu Mangai

Non-Brahmin Manifesto

Formation of government

Defeat in 1937

Programmes and activities

89 HISTORY

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