Name: Vanissa Lindo Course Code: 1312
Section: BSED- Math III Course Description: Principles of Teaching 2
1. What do outcomes mean in OBE?
A learning outcome is what a student CAN DO as a result of a learning
experience. It describes a specific task that he/she is able to perform at
a given level of competence under a certain situation. The three broad
types of learning outcomes are: disciplinary knowledge and skills,
generic skills, and attitudes and values. Outcomes are about
performance and this implies: there must be a performer- the student,
not the teacher. There must be something performable (thus
demonstrable or assessable) to perform. The focus is on the
performance, not the activity or task to be performed. Years ago, we
had outcomes that were really just little skills. Now, we've got complex
role performances as culminating outcomes. From an OBE
perspective, it's not a matter of what students had, or what courses
they have taken. It's a matter of what they can do when they exit the
system.
2. What are enabling outcomes?
An outcome is a culminating demonstration of learning- what it is the
kids will actually do. Surely, there must be some incremental outcomes
along the way. There are checkpoints too. Many people call them
benchmarks. We call those things enabling outcomes. They are the
building blocks leading to the ultimate culminating demonstrations.
Enabling outcomes are the “small” outcomes. It is more specific that
lead to exit or “big” outcomes.
3. What are exit outcomes?
The version of OBE being promoted requires us to reorganize the
entire curriculum around exit outcomes, or those things we want our
students to “be like, do, and know.” Most exit outcomes express very
general characteristics like those in a typical job reference letter:
“displays ingenuity,” “is a self-starter,” and “works well with others.” So,
exit outcomes are likely to be similar from one district or school to the
next. It is also called “big” outcomes.
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of OBE.
Listed in the table below are some of the advantages and disadvantages of
OBE.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Clarity. Inhibition of Learning by Discovery.
An explicit statement of what the Mckeman argued that education should
educational system aims to achieve be valued for its own sake and not
clarifies the curriculum for both students because it led to pre-identified outcome.
and teachers and provides focus for “To define education as a set of
teaching and learning. outcomes decided in advance of
teaching and learning, conflicts with the
wonderful, unpredictable voyages of
exploration that characterize learning
through discovery and enquiry.” He does,
however, accept that this liberal notion of
education is more appropriate in the arts
and humanities.
Guide for Assessment. Difficult and Time Consuming.
As the outcomes are assessed, planning Critics state that constructing learning
the examinations is clarified. The outcomes can be difficult and time
outcomes provide the framework for consuming (Ellington, H., Earl, S et al.,
student examinations. 1996).While teaching to increase the
likelihood of most students achieving the
outcomes would appear to be an
advantage, it can create challenges for
teachers particularly in the K-12 school
system where built in redundancy is the
method used to manage student
variation in knowledge (Lawson & Askell-
Williams, 2007).
Relevance. Imposition of Constraints.
Outcome-based education promotes Opponents viewed the implementation of
fitness for practice and education for the outcome-based approach as
capability. It ensures that areas that have imposing constraints on children’s
been underrepresented attitudes and education. Their concern was that
professionalism are given the emphasis education should be open ended, taking
that is required. the child where he or she was able to
develop. While this can be seen as a
disadvantage, it is an advantage in
health-professions education, focusing
attention to fitness practice.
Self-directed Learning Inclusion of and Emphasis on
If students are clear about what they are Attitudes and Values was
trying to achieve, they can take more Inappropriate.
responsibility for their own learning. Opponents of outcome-based education
Outcome-based education thus in pre-university education claimed that
promotes a student-centered approach “the proposed outcomes watered down
to learning and teaching. academic in favor of ill-defined values
and process skills” and that “traditional
academic content is omitted or buried in
Controversy. a morass of pedagogic clap-trap in the
The process of identification of the outcome based education plans that
outcomes within an institution promotes have emerged to date.”
discussion of fundamental questions.
Accountability.
By providing an explicit statement of
what the curriculum is setting out to
achieve, outcome-based education
emphasizes the accountability. The
outcomes provide details against which
the graduates of the curriculum can be
measured and facilitate the quality-
assurance process.
Provision of Framework.
Outcome-based education provides a
robust framework for integration of the
curriculum.
References:
https://teachingadventuressite.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/outcomes-based-
education-advantages-and-disadvantages/
http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational_leadership/dec92/vol50/num04/On_Out
come-Based_Education@_A_Conversation_with_Bill_Spady.aspx
