Back Stability

Christopher M. Norris, MSc, MCSP

Director, Norris Associates, Manchester, UK

Human Kinetics
 Norris, Christopher M.
Back stability I Christopher M. Norris.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7360-008 I-X
I. Backache--Treatment. 2. Backache--Prevention. 3. Backache--Exercise therapy. I.
Title.
RD771.158 N67 2000
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ISBN 0-7360-008 I-X

Copyright @ 2000 by Christopher M. Norris

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 Contents
Preface vi
Acknowledgments viii

·
Part I The Conce~tua1 Foundation 1
Chapter 1 What Is Back Stability? 3
The Scope of the Problem 3
A New Look at the Etiology and Treatment of Back Pain 4
The Model Used in This Book: Lumbar Stabilization 7
Summary 13

Chapter 2 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine 14

Anatomy of the Vertebral Column 14
Axial Compression 25
Movements of the Lumbar Spine and Pelvis 30
The Mechanics of Lifting 35
Lifting Methods 40
Summary 42

Chapter 3 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine 43

The Posterior Ligamentous System 43
The Thoracolumbar Fascia 44
Trunk Muscle Action 49
Intra-Abdominal Pressure Mechanism 62
Summary 65

·
Part II Exercises for Establishing Stabilitt 67
Chapter 4 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills 69
Teaching Your Clients to Control Pelvic Tilt 70
Teaching Your Clients to Identify and Assume 78
the Neutral Position

iii
iv . Contents
Teaching Your Clients to Use Abdominal Hollowing 81
Teaching Your Clients to Contract the Multifidus 89
Muscles at Will
Summary 91

Chapter 5 Muscle Imbalance 92

Basic Concepts 92
Muscle Adaptation to Injury, Immobilization, 96
and Training
Training Specificity 99
Changes in Muscle Length 100
Principles of Muscle Stretching 111
Stretching Target Muscles 113
Summary 118

Chapter 6 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training 120

Current Practice in Abdominal Training 120
Modifications of Traditional Abdominal Exercises 124
Ab Roller Exercises 130
Summary 133

Chapter 7 Posture 134

Optimal Postural Alignment 134
Postural Stability and Body Sway 135
Basic Postural Assessment 136
Principles of Postural Correction 143
Posture Types and How to Correct Them 145
Summary 163

Part III. Building Back Fitness 165

Chapter8 AdvancedStabilityTraining 167
Superimposed Limb Movements and Balance Boards 168
Stability Ball Exercises 186
Proprioceptive Training 197
Summary 201
 Contents . v

Chapter 9 More Advanced Stability Training: 202

Weight Training and Plyometrics
Weight Training 203
Using Plyometrics to Train for Power and Speed 222
Summary 227

·
Part IV Putting It All Together 229
Chapter10 Buildinga BackStabilityProgram 231
for Your Client
Preliminary Assessment of Your Client 231
General Principles for Designing a Stability Program 234
Parallel Tracks in Designing a Stability Program 235
Designing an Advanced Stability Program 237
Summary 246

Chapter 11 Preventing Back Injuries and Reinjuries 247

Keep the Spine Vertical 247
Principles of Lifting in the Home and on the Job 248
Summary 254

Bibliography 255
Credits 263
Index 264
About the Author 272
 Preface

This book presents an approach to treating low back pain that is differ-
ent from what you've seen before. I'd like to present a brief story to illus-
trate my point. One of the editorial staff who worked on this book had
experienced severe back problems for over a quarter century. Only a few
months before he saw this manuscript, he had completed a 12-week
intensive weight-training program that he had hoped would help his back.
It provided some relief, but not a great deal. After he had read the manu-
script, this person began employing just a couple of the very elementary
principles described in chapter 4 (specifically, hollowing his abdomen and
intentionally tightening his multifidus muscles). He did not even do any
of the exercises-he just practiced abdominal hollowing and multifidus
tightening as he sat at his desk, or in his car, or as he walked through the
supermarket. A month after he began this very minimal effort, he reported
to me that his sharp sciatica pain had declined about 80% and that his
periodic minor (but quite distressing) bowel incontinence, caused by im-
pingement of vertebrae on a nerve, had declined from about a dozen epi-
sodes per week to about one every two weeks.
While I certainly do not endorse this person's decision to do only the
bare minimum in trying to alleviate his back problems, I note the story
here to illustrate a single point: This approachworks!
It works because it is based on sound anatomical, physiological, and
neurological principles. While health professionals have long known that
a large number of back problems arise because of muscle weakness, solv-
ing the problems simply by "doing strengthening exercises" is like telling
a person with an infection to "take a lot of antibiotics" without targeting
the medicine to the microbe.
I have treated scores of "hunks" who had terrible problems with lower
back pain. An individual can have unusually strong abdominal and back
muscles while those unsung, unpublicized, invisible muscles that run
alongside the spine-and that actually keep it stable-are. weak and
stretched. This book shows you how to help your clients solve lower back
problems by attending to the actual anatomical structures that control the
problem-and these are not merely the gross, obvious muscles that make
one look good at the beach. They are nearly invisible muscles such as the
transversus abdominis and the multifidus; invisible tendons that have
become inelastic; and hidden nerves carrying invisible impulses, all of

vi
 Preface . vii

which can be trained surprisingly well (I'll teach you how) to stabilize the
back even when your client isn't thinking about it. I have honed the tech-
niques described in this book over many years, during which I have helped
thousands of clients who for the most part had not been significantly helped
with traditional approaches.
If you ever treat, advise, coach, train, massage, or in any other way deal
with people who have lower back pain, this book is for you. If you're a
physical therapist, a massage therapist, a chiropractor, an athletic trainer,
or a sports physician, this book may well prove vital to your professional
practice. Even if you are a casual reader and are not able to understand
the more technical aspects, you at least can benefit from learning the basic
moves that stabilize the back, as in chapter 4.
Because the body is a complex unit of closely interconnecting systems,
any treatment must address the whole, even though it targets a single
system. Thus, back stability is part of a holistic approach centering on
muscle balance. Muscles affect the support of the spine, posture, and both
our ability to move and the way that we move. If we examine the biome-
chanical factors at work in the back, we can see that there are three elements
that combine to restore the muscle balance that is vital to back stability:
correction of segmental control, shortening and strengthening lax muscles,
and lengthening tight muscles. In Back Stability, I will explain these three
elements to you, and I'll show you how to order them according to each
client's symptoms, using them to construct a program uniquely tailored
for that client.
In part I ("The Conceptual Foundation"), I lead you through the ana-
tomical, physiological, and neurological underpinnings of back pain, and
of both traditional and newer approaches to treating it. I help you under-
stand why traditional approaches so often don't work, and why the back
stabilization method is so successful. Then, in part II ("Exercises for Es-
tablishing Stability"), I show you how to teach your clients the basic skills
for back stabilization. In part III ("Building Back Fitness"), I teach you a
wide range of exercises that will help your clients prevent recurrence of
back pain and rehabilitate their backs (when appropriate) for strenuous
on-the-job lifting or for challenging sports activities. Finally, in part IV
("Putting It All Together"), I discuss how you decide which assessments,
exercises, etc., to prescribe for which clients. Be sure you don't begin ap-
plying the material herein to your clients till after you've studied chapter
10 since that's the roadmap that helps you navigate the exercises with a
particular client in mind. Chapter 11,while short, is vital, as it briefly points
out how you should coach your clients to avoid reinjuring their backs.
Simple stick figures rather than lifelike line drawings have been used to
represent human beings in the illustrations of those exercises in which the
viii . Preface
position of the pelvic girdle might otherwise be difficult for a layperson to
understand. This device makes it easier for your clients to see the required
position of the pelvic girdle in those particular exercises. When more life-
like drawings were deemed clearer, we have used them. Therefore you,
the practitioner, can use the book as a teaching tool, showing your clients
the drawings as you explain the exercises to them, and they will be able to
see clearly what the desired positions are.

Christopher M. Norris

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Brian Mustain for translating British English into
American English and for unraveling the "knotted ball of wool" that
formed my thoughts, and Elaine Mustain for maintaining the book's mo-
mentum when all seemed lost.
In addition to the references quoted in this book, I acknowledge the
work of several individuals in the field of back stability-including Carolyn
Richardson, Gwendolen Jull, Paul Hodges, and Julie Hides from the Uni-
versity of Queensland, Australia; Vladamir Janda and Karl Lewit from
the University of Prague, Czech Republic; Shirley Sahrmann from the
University of Washington, U.S.A.; and Mark Comerford from Kinetic Con-
trol, England.
I would also like to thank the staff at Norris Associates, Manchester,
England, for sharing their clinical experience in the field of back stability.
 PART

II
The Concet!fttal
Foundation
Because the approach used in this book differs somewhat from what
you have seen in the past, it is important that you understand the theo-
retical basis for what you read. I begin in chapter 1 ("What Is Back Stabil-
ity?") with a general introduction to the problems of back pain and back
instability. In one sense, the true "problem" is that some health profes-
sionals fail to understand that instability IS the problem for many instances
of low back pain! People who suffer from back pain may be subjected to
manipulation, instructed to perform exercises, told to "work out"; they
may be given chemicals to relax their muscles and poked with electric
needles-all intended to alleviate their pain. But surprisingly few profes-
sionals understand that a great deal of low back pain occurs for one simple
reason: the spine is not supported by the tissues surrounding it and there-
fore "wobbles" in ways that impinge on nerves and in general do bad
things to a person's quality of life. Traditional approaches are often quite
helpful-but there are some clients for whom they simply do not address
the root problem of back pain completely.
The purpose of this book is to teach you how to deal with back pain by helping
your clients stabilize their spines. From discussion of the basic etiology of
pain in chapter 1, I proceed in chapter 2 ("Biomechanics of the Lumbar
Spine") to an explanation of how the spine works: its anatomy, its move-
ments, even the physics of lifting.
Then, in chapter 3 ("Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine"), I
show you how the anatomical lessons of the first two chapters lead logi-
cally to certain specific, but frequently ignored, treatments.
I hope you will digest these three chapters thoroughly-without their
conceptual foundation, the rest of the book will appear to be little more
than one more listing of exercises. If you appreciate the anatomical and
physiological underpinnings of the following chapters, however, you will
see that the "how to" chapters will open for your clients a world of new
possibilities that traditional programs cannot provide.
 11
What Is
Back Stabili!Yl

Back pain is a universal problem, particularly important in the largely

sedentary Western world. New information about this condition is stimu-
lating new ways to manage it, focusing particularly on new approaches to
exercise.

THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

As many as 80% of individuals in the Western world will suffer at least
one disabling episode of low back pain during their lives; at any time, as
many as 35% of the population suffers from some kind of back pain
(Frymoyer and Cats-Baril 1991). The cost is tremendous, both financially
and in terms of personal suffering. Most individuals with low back pain
recover within six weeks, but 5-15% of subjects progress to permanent
disability, accounting for up to 90% of total expenditures for this condi-
tion (Liebenson 1996). Unfortunately, recurrence of back pain after an acute
episode is common. Over 60% of individuals suffering an acute episode
of low back pain will experience another bout within a year, and 45% of
these will have a second recurrence within the following four years
(Liebenson 1996).
KEY POINT: As many as 15% of individuals with low back pain
progress to permanent disability, and 60% suffer from a
recurrence of pain within one year.

Back pain is universal. Sufferers in the United States spend $60 billion
per year treating it (Frymoyer and Gordon 1989) and receive $27 billion
for permanent disability. The rate of increase in back pain is 14 times greater
than the population growth, and during a period when disability awards
for all conditions rose by 347%, awards for back pain increased by 2,680%
(Frymoyer and Cats-Baril 1991).

3
4 . Back Stability

In the United Kingdom, 46.5 million working days were lost through
back pain in 1989-representing a cost to the National Health Service of
£0.5 billion ($840 million) per year and an even larger cost to industry of
£5.1 billion ($8.59 billion) in lost production (CSP 1998; Tye and Brown
1990). In 1994-1995, 14 million people in the UK visited their doctors for
back pain and lost 116 million working days.

A NEW LOOK AT THE ETIOLOGY

AND TREATMENT OF BACK PAIN
In spite of the tremendous increase in the number of back pain sufferers in
the past two decades, popular understanding about the nature of back
pain has remained somewhat static. It is commonly believed that back
pain results from a structural injury or fault that must be corrected in or-
der to reduce pain and restore full function. According to this viewpoint,
normal function is impossible-or even dangerous-until the defective
structure has changed (Zusman 1998).
While it is true that many individuals with low back pain exhibit struc-
tural changes, CT (computerized tomography) scans reveal similar "posi-
tive findings" in up to 50% of normal, asymptomatic subjects (Boden et al.
1990; Jensel et al. 1994)! It is the same with radiographic changes in the
lumbar spine: as many individuals without pain show evidence of disc
degeneration as do those with pain (Nachemson 1992). Moreover, studies
with cadavers have shown no correlation between structural changes in
the lumbar spine and a history of low back pain (Videman et al. 1990), and
large disc lesions with nerve compression may be totally asymptomatic
(SaaI1995).
.:f:a":.l'JI.'.~ Structural changes in the spine are as likely in
asymptomatic individuals as in those with low back pain and
loss of function.

Nonorganic Causes of Back Pain

At least three sources of back pain do not originate in the sufferer's body:
iatrogenic, forensic, and behavioral (compare Zusman 1998).
.Iatrogenic factors (brought on by the practitioner) include labels of
disability and the consequences of deconditioning through prolonged
(bed) rest. For example, a label such as "prolapsed disc" is far more
threatening to a patient than "simple back pain," even though the total
amount of pain experienced by the patient may be the same in both cases.
Labels that imply disease or disability such as "arthritis" also suggest
 What Is Back Stability? . 5

severe conditions even though a mild form of the pathology may be

present. Alternatives such as "slight roughening" or "normal wear and
tear" are less threatening. Although avoiding stressful activities on the
back is important, and limited rest has its place, prolonged bed rest has
been shown to be counterproductive. Deyo et a1. (1986) compared two
days of bed rest with two weeks of bed rest. They found both periods to
be equally effective in terms of pain reduction, but the two-week period
led to significant "negative effects due to immobilization" (such as
weakening and stiffness around the spine) that were not present in the

.
two-day period.
Forensic factors (associated with legal proceedings) contribute
significantly to chronic back pain. In a study of 2,000 back pain patients
(Long 1995), involvement in litigation was the only factor that accurately

.
predicted that a person would not rapidly return to work.
Two important behavioral factors are perceived disability and anti-
cipation of pain.
1. Perceived disability. Patients often fail to take part in daily activities
because they believethey are physically incapable of doing the task-
although structural changes in their spines do not bear out this belief
(Zusman 1998). Perceived disability is often associated with a
mistaken fear of reinjury (Vlaeyen et a1. 1995).
2. Anticipation of pain. Often the anticipation of pain rather than pain
itself is enough to limit activity and create protective behaviors
(Zusman 1998). The physical changes brought about by the fear of
pain can be measured on surface EMG (sEMG). Main and Watson
(1996) applied experimental noxious stimuli to the upper trapezius
on normal subjects and on those with back pain. Normal subjects
showed the expected reflex increase in sEMG activity in the
trapezius muscles. Those with back pain, however, showed the
reaction not in the upper trapezius, but in the lumbar region-
suggesting that the subjects viewed any pain as an inherent part of
their back condition even when the pain was in fact occurring in
another part of their bodies.

KEY POINT: Perceived disability and the anticipation of pain

contribute significantly to loss of function.

A New Model for Low Back Pain Management

Most people traditionally have perceived back pain as a structural condi-
tion that requires rest to recover. New information is challenging this ap-
proach, however, viewing back pain at least in part as a functional change

.
6 . BackStability

that requires functional management. Exercise is at the forefront of this

new approach.
The Traditional Model
Rest is still the most common treatment for back pain, despite the fact that
prolonged bed rest has been shown to be harmful. Controlled exercises
restore function, reduce both distress and perceived disability, diminish
pain, and promote a return to work (Waddell 1987). Rest has little effect
on the natural history of back pain and may actually increase its severity
(Twomey and Taylor 1994). For back pain without significant radiation,
bed rest probably should be limited to a maximum of two days. Longer
periods are almost certainly counterproductive due to the negative effects
of whole-body immobilization (Spitzer et al. 1987).
Surgery is effective in only a small group of low back pain patients.
Waddell (1987) argued that surgical intervention can help only 1% of pa-
tients. Comparing surgically and conservatively treated patients suffer-
ing from disc prolapse, Weber (1983) found no difference in outcome after
two years. Aggressive conservative management can successfully treat
over 80% of patients with clinically diagnosed sciatica and radiological
evidence of nerve root entrapment (Bush et al. 1992). According to Allan
and Waddell (1989), "disc surgery. . . [has left] more tragic human wreck-
age in its wake than any other operation in history."

The New Model

In proposing a new model for the treatment of low back pain, Waddell
(1987) recommended that the patient's role should change from one of
resting and being a passive recipient of treatment to an active role of shar-
ing responsibility for restoration of function. Rehabilitation professionals
increasingly are adopting this philosophy, using exercise programs to en-
hance lumbar stabilization Oull and Richardson 1994b; Norris 1995a;
O'Sullivan et al. 1997). Here are some examples:

·For a herniated lumbar disc. A rehabilitation program that emphasized

skill-basedexercisetherapy for the spine effectively treated herniated lumbar
discs (Saal and Saa11989) and rehabilitated football players with back injury
(SaaI1988). The program aimed to restore automatic control of muscular
stabilization of the trunk by teaching subjects to maintain a correct lumbar
pelvic position (Le., "neutral position"-see following discussion) while
performing progressively more complex tasks. In a study by Skall et al.
(1994), intensive exercise when pain was not a limiting factor was more
effective than mild mobilizing exercise five weeks following disc surgery.
A one-year follow-up showed a trend favoring the intensive exercise group.
Even when the diagnosis is uncertain, progressive exercis~onsisting of
strengthening, proprioceptive training, and aerobic training-may restore
 What Is Back Stability? . 7

pain-free function (Deutsch 1996). Pain, physical dysfunction, and

psychosocial dysfunction improved following a 1D-week exercise program
for chronic low back pain patients studied by Risch et al. (1993), whereas
all three factors worsened for those who remained inactive.
. For spondylolysis
spondylolisthesis. A back
or

100 stability program targeting the

Pain
90 Control group
intensity
anterolateral abdomina Is and
Exercise group
80 multifidus was more effective
70 than conventional rehabilitation
60 in patients with radiographic
.q ---- I
50 ",, &
40 ,, diagnosis of spondylolysis or
,, spondylolisthesis (O'Sullivan et
30
20 " boo-.......0 0 0 al. 1997). In this study, one
10 group of patients underwent a
o 1D-week program of gym work
(including trunk curl exer-
35 cises), general exercises such as
Pain
30 description swimming, and pain-relieving
modalities. A second group,
25
which engaged only in back
20 stability exercises, showed a
15
. statistically significant reduc-
~~ , tion in pain intensity, pain
10 ---''II> 0 0
'0..........- -0 descriptor scale, and functional
5
disability that was maintained
o at a 3D-month follow-up (figure
Pre Post 3 mo.
1.1). This trial provides the
50 Functional strongest evidence so far in
45 measure the literature regarding the
40 effectiveness of stabilization
35
30
,
. programs for the lumbar spine.
I have expanded some of these
25
20
.,, I
techniques for use in this book.
15 " '\:>-.-.- 0 0 0

10
5 THE MODEL USED
o 'I--r IN THIS BOOK:
6 mo. 30 mo.
LUMBAR
Figure 1.1 A comparison of conventional STABILIZATION
exercise and stability exercise effects on
spondylolys isl s pondylol isthes is. This book presents a program
Adapted from O'Sullivanet al. 1997. of back treatment based on the
8 . Back Stability

new model of active patient participation. The most important concept

underlying the program is that of lumbar back stability versus lumbar
back instability.
Instability of the lumbar spine is not the same as hypermobility. In both
conditions the range of motion is greater than norma!. However, instabil-
ity is present when there is "an excessive range of abnormal movement
for which there is no protective muscular contro!." There is no instability
in hypermobility, however, since the "excessive range of movement. . .
has complete muscular control" (Maitland 1986). The essential feature of
stability is therefore the ability of the body to control the whole range of motion
of a joint, in this case the lumbar spine.

~. Stability of ajoint implies the body's ability to

control the entire range of motion around that joint.

An unstable lumbar spine cannot maintain correct vertebral alignment.

Because the unstable segment is less stiff (less resistant to movement),
movement within the spinal column increases even under minor loads-
thereby altering both the quality and quantity of motion. Unstable lumbar
spines often reveal no clinical damage to the spinal cord or nerve roots
and no incapacitating deformity. If untreated, however, an unstable spine
may irritate or damage neural tissue, leading to positive neurological signs
on clinical examination. Positive neurological examination therefore does
not preclude prescription of stabilization exercise since instability may
indeed be the cause of the positive findings.
The excessive movement in an unstable spine may either stretch or com-
press pain-sensitive structures, leading to inflammation (Kirkaldy-Willis
1990; Panjabi 1992). A number of physical signs can suggest instability in
a clinical assessment, as outlined in "Physical Signs of Instability," below.
See also "Preliminary Assessment of Your Client," page 231.

Physical Signs of Instability

. Step deformity (spondylolisthesis) or rotation deformity
(spondylolisis) on standing, which reduces on lying
. Transverse band of muscle spasm, which reduces on lying
. Localized muscle twitching while shifting weight from one
leg to the other
.Juddering or shaking during forward bending
. Alteration to passive intervertebral motion testing, sug-
gesting excessive mobility in the sagittal plane

Source; Paris 1985; Maitland 1986

 What Is Back Stability? . 9

Stable Movement and Position of the Lumbar Spine

Both the gross and fine positions of the lumbar spine are vital to back
stability and may be described in terms of "neutral zone" and "neutral
position." Control of these positions requires an interplay among several
body systems and forms the basis of the back stability program.

Movement in the Neutral Zone

Lumbar instability may be defined as an excessive range of motion with-
out muscular control. Another way to visualize instability is as a loss of
stiffness (Pope and Panjabi 1985)-not the negative condition we refer to
when we speak of "a stiff back:' but rather a positive factor referring to the
amount of resistance a structure (in this case, the spine) provides in order
to move against a force. (Imagine a bodybuilder arm wrestling a weakling,
and consider whose arm would be more stiff/stable.) Less stiffness leads
to more movement from application of the same force. If a back is not stiff
enough, it will buckle and move under very little force, resulting in com-
pression or stretching of sensitive structures. Pain is the consequence.
Panjabi et al. (1989)proposed the concept of the neutral zone-the zone in
which movement occurs at the beginning of the range of motion before any
effective resistance is offered from either the muscular system or the spinal
column. The neutral zone represents the range of motion that lacks effective
restraint, either active or passive. It is the vertebral displacement that occurs
before resistance is offered. A grossly unstable spinal segment has quite a
large neutral zone (figure 1.2). Physiotherapists use this concept when they

Vertebra
in
neutral
position

~.~ anterior + posterior ~

cc ~~movement movement ~\!!.
15 .(i)
1:J
cn~
Q) ~* :J
c:
llJ cc £

Neutral
zone-.
Figure 1.2 The neutral zone.
10 . Back Stability
assess lumbar joint movements by palpation-they note the onset either of
motion resistance or of pain as they move the joint. In the case of the lum-
bar spine in the prone position, movement of this type is usually in a postero-
antero (PA) direction. Note that the resistance felt by physiotherapists is
mainly passive and does not necessarily represent significant resistance of-
fered by muscle contraction.
The passive stability system (ligaments and bone contour) reduces mo-
tion toward the end of the neutral zone. Our strategy, however, is to reduce
the size of the neutral zone by increasing muscle stability. Exercise that
increases muscle stability may reduce motion within the neutral zone be-
fore the passive elements even come into play. Note that neutral zone
motion is different from the total range of motion-€ven though stabiliz-
ing exercise increases muscle "stiffness," it does not correspondingly re-
duce the total range of motion. Panjabi (1992) investigated the relation-
ship between total range to neutral zone range by studying the effect of
external fixation on the cervical spine in cadavers-and noted that neu-
tral zone motion declined over 70% in association with a decrease of only
40% in total range of motion. In reducing the size of the neutral zone, the
back stability program decreases the amount of motion that occurs when
minimal forces are imposed on the spine (Le., those same forces that, when
experienced hour after hour, can produce the compression/ stretching that
lead to back pain). A stable back is not constantly buffeted by minor stresses
related to mere sitting, standing, etc., such as those that occur in individu-
als with unstable spines.

KEY POINT: Instability alters both the quality and quantity of

lumbar motion.

Neutral Position of the Lumbar Spine

The neutral position of the lumbar spine is different from the neutral zone.
Lumbar neutral position refers to an overall movement of the lumbar
spine rather than to individual movements between vertebrae. Lumbar
neutral position is midway between full flexion and full extension as
brought about by posterior and anterior tilting of the pelvis. Teaching
patients to identify and maintain the neutral position of their lumbar spines
is a key component of each stage of the back stability program, since the
neutral position places minimal stress on body tissues. Also, because pos-
tural alignment is optimal, the neutral position is generally the most ef-
fective position from which trunk muscles can work.
KEY POINT: The neutral position of the lumbar spine is
important in all stages of the back stability program because it
minimizes stress.
 What Is Back Stability? . 11

Achieving and Maintaining Spinal Stability

Three interrelated systems maintain spinal stability (figure 1.3). Inert tis-
sues (in particular, ligaments) provide passive support; contractile tissues
give active support; and neural control centers coordinate sensory feed-
back from both systems (Panjabi 1992). Since one or two systems may
compensate for reduced stability in another, the active system may some-
times increase its contribution to stability in order to minimize stress on
the passive system (Tropp et a!. 1993). When the goal of rehabilitation is
healing of the spine, appropriate exercise-by enabling the active system
to take more of the total load placed on the back-can permit the passive
system to repair itself. The net result is decreased pain and increased func-
tion. Conversely, continually loading the passive system without proper
support from the active system can increase the time to recovery and lead
to further tissue damage.
Simply developing muscle strength, however, is insufficient. To pro-
vide maximum relief to the passive system, one must augment both of the
other systems (i.e., the active and neural control systems). Yetmany popular
strength exercises for the trunk actually increase mobility in this region to
dangerously high levels (Norris 1993, 1994a). Rather than improving sta-
bility, exercises of this type may reduce it and therefore exacerbate symp-
toms-€specially those associated with inflammation. An example is the
bilateral straight-leg-raise movement where both legs are lifted
simultaneously from a supine lying position. Although individuals per-
forming this exercise may indeed strengthen their abdominal muscles,
they often fail to maintain pelvic alignment. Anterior tilting of the pelvis
leads to lumbar facet compression and overstretches the anterior spinal

Figure 1.3 The spinal stabilizing system consists of three interrelating sub-
systems.
Reprinted, by permission, from M.M.Panjabi, 1992, "The stabilisation of the spine.
Part 1. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement," Journal of Spinal Disor-
ders 5(4): 383-389.
12 . Back Stability

tissues. In this case, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may
be overstretched, reducing the effect of an important passive stabilizing
structure.
Passive Support
Passive support of the lumbar region is provided by the stretching (espe-
cially of ligaments) and compression of soft tissues. A compressed liga-
ment is more relaxed and offers less support. In full lumbar extension, for
example, as may occur when standing with an anteriorly tilted pelvis, the
lumbar facet joints are loaded and compressed. The anterior structures,
including the anterior longitudinal ligament, are stretched: stability is pro-
vided (passively) through elastic recoil of this ligament and because facet
joints of the spine are forcibly closed.
Developing Active Lumbar Stability
Poor postural control can leave the spine vulnerable to injury by placing
excessive stress on the body tissues (Kendall et al. 1993). In the lumbar
spine, the trunk muscles protect spinal tissues from excessive motion. To
do this, however, the muscles surrounding the trunk must be able to co-
contract isometrically when appropriate (Richardson et al. 1990). The syn-
ergistic interaction between various trunk muscles is complex: some
muscles act as prime movers to create the gross movements of the trunk,
while others function as stabilizers (fixators) and neutralizers to support
the spinal structures and control unwanted movements. Rehabilitation
through active lumbar stabilization not only deals with the torque-
producing capacity of muscles, as is true of many traditional programs,
but also seeks to enable a subject to unconsciously and consistently coor-
dinate an optimal pattern of muscle activity Oull and Richardson 1994a).
Developing the Neural System
The neural system links the passive and active systems. Upon detecting
movement within the neutral zone, the neural system relays information
to the active system (muscles) about the position and direction of move-
ment. The muscles' ability to contract and maintain stability (i.e., to in-
crease stiffness and reduce the size of the neutral zone) depends on the
speed and accuracy with which the information is relayed. The vital as-
pects of neural system development are therefore accuracy of movement
and speed of reaction. Thus the stability program emphasizes accuracy of
movement early on; speed comes later.
 What Is Back Stability? . 1 3

SUMMARY

·Low back pain is a massive challenge to health-care professionals and

a major financial drain on Western economies.
·Low back pain produces alterations in behavior patterns that can
exacerbate the condition.
·The traditional structural approach to treating back pain must be

.balanced with restoration of function.

New approaches to treating back pain emphasize the use of exercise
ra ther than rest.
· Back stability consists of three interrelating control systems: active,
passive, and neural.
. Although traditional exercise systems that work the trunk may
strengthen muscle, they also may reduce total back stability.
· Enhancing the active and neural systems can partially compensate for
decrements in the passive system.
· Enhanced movement accuracy and muscle reaction speed are vital to
full rehabilitation of the back.
 2
Biomechanics
of the Lumbar Spine

In order to explain how the back is stabilized, I must briefly review some
important aspects of spinal anatomy. Chapter 1 describes the passive sta-
bility system-the "brakes" provided by inert tissues that will stretch only
a certain amount (both individually and as systems of tissues) before they
restrict further movement. In this chapter, I describe this passive system
for each of the major physiological movements of the lumbar spine and
then use the example of lifting to illustrate the importance of stability.

ANATOMY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

The gross anatomy of the lumbar spine includes vertebral bones, joints,
and discs, plus the sacroiliac joints. Although none of these structures
moves in isolation, it should prove helpful if I describe them individually.

The Bones and Their Joints

The adult human vertebral column comprises 33 vertebrae. Five verte-
brae are fused to form the sacrum and four are fused to form the coccyx.
The remaining 24 movable vertebrae are divided among the cervical (7),
thoracic (12) and lumbar (5) regions (figure 2.1). Any two neighboring
vertebrae make up a spinal segment (figure 2.2). To understand how the
vertebrae fit together in the spine, one must know the parts of the typical
vertebra.
The two vertebrae within a spinal segment are attached (articulated) by
both joints and ligaments. There are three joints-the articulating triad-
consisting of the disc, which forms the joint between the bodies of adja-
cent vertebrae, and the two facet joints (also called zygapophyseal or apo-
physeal joints), where the inferior articular processes on either side of the
upper vertebra come together with the superior articular processes on
either side of the lower vertebra.

14
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 15

Figure 2.1 The vertebral column. Figure 2.2 A typical spinal segment.
Reprinted from Watkins 1999. Reprinted from Watkins 1999.

KEY POINT: A spinal segment comprises two adjacent verte-

brae, articulating with each other through the intervertebral
I disc and two facet joints. The articulations form a triad.
The disk and its associated facet joints are intimately linked both struc-
turally and functionally. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc as a re-
sult of injury can lead to degeneration of the neighboring facet joints
(Vernon-Roberts 1992); and as we shall see later, the ligamentous support
to both structures is continuous.
We can compare the spinal segment to a simple leverage system (Kapandji
1974), with the facet joints forming a fulcrum. The posterior tissues (liga-
mentous and muscular) and the anteriorly placed disc resist both com-
pressive and tensile forces. The ligaments themselves may be categorized
into three interrelating functional groups as shown in table 2.1.

Ligaments
The neural arch ligaments consist mainly of the ligamentum flavum and
the interspinous ligament, with the supraspinous and inter transverse
16 . Back Stability
Table 2.1 Ligaments of the Spinal Segment
Neural arch Capsular Ventral
.
Ligamentum flavum . Facet joint capsule . Anterior longitudinal
..
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament
(reinforced by the
ligamentum flavum) .
ligament
Posterior longitudinal
.
Intertransverse ligament ligament

Adapted, by permission, from EH. Willard, 1997, The muscular, ligamentous and
neural structure of the low back and its relation to back pain. In Movement stability
and low back pain, edited by A. Vleeming, V. Mooney, T. Dorman, C. Snijders, and
R. Stoeckart (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone).

ligaments providing addi-

tional support (figure 2.3 a and
a b). Although these four liga-
ments are traditionally de-
scribed as separate structures,
they are actually merged at
their edges and act function-
ally as a single unit. This is an
extremely important point, as
it bears significantly on the
question of how one stabilizes
the back. On dissection, when
the bony components of the
neural arch are removed, the
Anterior neural arch ligaments can be
longitudinal seen to maintain their continu-
ligament ity (Willard 1997). The lateral
fibers of the ligamentum
f1avum are continuous with
the facet joint capsule (Yong-
Hing et al. 1976) and form the
rear wall of the spinal canal.
The anterior border of the in-
b
terspinous ligament is a con-
tinuation of the ligamentum
f1avum, while the posterior
Left border of this ligament is thick-
Left intertransverse ligamentum ened into the supraspinous
ligament flavum ligament. The supraspinous
ligament merges with the tho-
Figure 2.3 Ligaments of the spinal seg- racolumbar fascia (TLF) (fig-
ment (a) side view, (b) superior view. ure 2.4), which in turn connects
TeymsYou .ShPEti(l$.now ~
articulate to join or connect loosely to allow motion between the
connection, such as a joint
caudal any tail-like structure
contralateral fibers fibers originating in or affecting the opposite
side of the body
distraction force a force that separates a joint surface without
injury or dislocation
extension a movement that straightens a limb to a parallel or near-
parallel position
fascia a sheet of fibrous tissue under the skin that encloses muscles
as well as separates and supports them; connects the skin with
the tissue beneath it
flexion bending or being bent; opposite of extension
innominate bone the hip bone composed of the ilium, ischium, and
pubis; forms the pelvis
investing fascia fascia that surrounds rather than connects or
separates
ischemic deficiency of blood to a body part due to an obstruction in
or a narrowing of the blood vessels
lamina of vertebral arch the posterior portion of the arch that
provides a base for the spine
lateral flexion bending or being bent to the side
lordosis inward curvature of the cervical and lumbar spines
occiput the back part of the head
vertebral pedicle the bony process that extends posteriorly from
the body of a vertebra; one of the paired parts of the vertebral
arch that connect the lamina to the vertebral body
pelvic inlet the upper opening of the pelvis
pelvic outlet the lower opening of the pelvis
periosteum a thick, fibrous membrane covering all the bones of the
body except at the joints
prolapse downward displacement
sagittal rotation turning from the front to the back
sagittal plane a vertical plane through the body that divides it into
the left and right side
Schmorls node an irregular or hemispherical bone defect in the
body of a vertebra, which a spinal disk herniates into
trabecula fibrous cord of connective tissue that extends into an
organ's wall to serve as support
ventral front side of the body

17
18 . Back Stability

Ligamentum
flavum Superior
articular
process

Figure 2.4 Interspinous-supraspinous-thoracolumbar (1ST)ligamentous com-

plex. The 1STcomplex supports the lumbar spine by anchoring the thora-
columbar fascia and multifidus sheath to the facet joint capsules

with the deep abdominal muscles (see page 57). The force generated by
the deep abdominal muscles therefore can be transmitted through the
TLF, via the supraspinous ligament, directly into the ligamentum
flavum-preventing this ligament from buckling towards the spinal cord.
This is one way the deep abdominals assist in spinal stabilization.
Note that it is not only abdominal muscles that affect the spine. The
interspinous ligament merges with the supraspinous ligament and then
into the TLF, forming the interspinous-supra spinous-thoracolumbar (1ST)
ligamentous complex (Willard 1997). The 1STcomplex attaches the fascia
of the back to the lumbar spine. The importance of this system is that
tension developed in the extremities is transmitted to the vertebral column,
making the seemingly distant limb musculature essential to the rehabili-
tation of spinal function. The intertransverse ligament, although small,
becomes more important caudally as it expands into the iliolumbar liga-
ment, the importance of which I will discuss later.
KEY POINT: Force from the extremity muscles is transmitted to
the spine via ligaments and fasciae, which ultimately attach to
the vertebrae themselves. The deep abdominal muscles have
lth:. g~eate~tcapacityto stabilizethe spine. _ _ __ _ j
The capsule of the facet joint is reinforced posteriorly by the multifidus
muscle and anteriorly by the ligamentum flavum. It is surrounded by fas-
cia which is itself continuous with that covering the ligamentum flavum
and the investing fascia of the vertebral body. The facet joint capsule there-
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 19

fore can be seen as a "bridge" of connective tissue between the ligaments of

the neural arch and those of the vertebral body (Willard 1997) (figure 2.5).
The anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and posterior longitudinal
ligament (PLL) lie ventrally within the spinal segment. The ALL is the
stronger of the two and extends from the occiput to the sacrum where
it merges with the sacroiliac joint capsule. The ALL has two sets of fi-
bers (Bogduk and Twomey 1991). The superficial fibers span several
vertebral segments, while the deep fibers attach loosely to the annulus
of the spinal disc (figure 2.6). The PLL exists in the cervical spine as the
tectorial membrane and extends caudally to the periosteum of the
sacrum. It expands as it passes the intervertebral discs and narrows
around the vertebral body. Because it is considerably weaker than the
ALL, the main ligamentous restriction to flexion is not from the PLL
but from the ligamentum flavum and the facet joint capsule into which
it merges. The ligamentum flavum and facet joint capsules combine to
offer 52% of the resistance to flexion in the lumbar spine (Bogduk and
Twomey 1991). The structural pairing of the PLL and the ligamentum
flavum is functionally obvious as well. Load-deformation (stress-strain)
curves plotted for the two ligaments are similar (Panjabi and White
1990), suggesting in this case that the two ligaments may have a similar
purpose.

Ligamentum Multifidus
flavum muscle

Figure 2.6 Vertical section through

pedicles in lumbar region: posterior
aspect of vertebral bodies showing
attachment of posterior longitudinal
Figure 2.5 Facet joint capsule. ligament to spinal discs.
Reprinted from Watkins 1999. Reprinted from Watkins 1999.
20 . Back Stability
The longitudinal ligaments are viscoelastic, meaning that they stiffen
when loaded rapidly. They do not store all the energy used to stretch them
because they lose some as heat, a feature known as hysteresis. When loaded
repeatedly, these ligaments become even stiffer, and the hysteresis is less
marked, making them more prone to fatigue failure (Hukins 1987). The
supraspinous and interspinous ligaments are farther from the flexion axis
and therefore need to stretch more than the posterior longitudinalliga-
ment when they resist flexion.
With age, all ligaments gradually lose their ability to absorb energy
(Tkaczuk 1968). The stiffest ligament in the spine is the posterior longitu-
dinalligament; the most flexible is the supraspinous (Panjabi et al. 1987).
The ligamentum flavum in the lumbar spine is "pretensioned" (possesses
tension at rest) when the spine is in its neutral position, a situation that
compresses the spinal disc. This ligament has the highest percentage of
elastic fibers of any tissue in the body (Nachemson and Evans 1968) and
contains nearly twice as much elastin as collagen. The anterior longitudi-
nalligament and joint capsules are among the strongest ligamentous tis-
sues in the body, while the interspinous and posterior longitudinalliga-
ments are the weakest (Panjabi et al. 1987).

KEY POINT: The ligamentum f1avum is the most elastic

ligament in the body and the main ligament limiting flexion.
It forms the anterior portion of the facet joint capsule.

Spinal Discs
There are 24 intervertebral discs lying between successive vertebrae, mak-
ing the spine an alternatively rigid then elastic column. The amount of
flexibility in a particular spinal segment is determined by the size and shape
of the disc and by the resistance to motion of the soft tissue that supports
the spinal joints. The discs increase in size as they descend the column, the
lumbar discs having an average thickness of 10 mm, twice that of the cer-
vical discs. The disc shapes are accommodated to the curvatures of the
spine and to the shapes of the vertebrae. The greater anterior widths of the
discs in the cervical and lumbar regions reflect the curvatures of these
areas. Each disc comprises three closely related components-the annulus
fibrosis, nucleus pulposus, and cartilage end plates (figure 2.7).
The annulus comprises layers of fibrous tissue arranged in concentric
bands-about 20-like those in an onion. The fibers within each band are
parallel, with the various bands angled at 45° to each other. The bands are
more closely packed anteriorly and posteriorly than they are laterally, and
those innermost are the thinnest. Fiber orientation, although partially de-
termined at birth, is influenced by torsional stresses in the adult (Palastanga
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 21

Anterior
Nucleus pulposus

Annulus
fibrosus

Posterior

Figure 2.7 (a) Concentric bands of annular fibers. (b) Horizontal section
through a disc.
Reprinted, by permission, from j. Watkins, 1999, Structure and function of the muscu-
loskeletal system (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics), 142.

et al. 1994). The posterolateral regions have a more irregular makeup-

possibly one reason why they become weaker with aging and more pre-
disposed to injury.

KEY POINT: The spinal discs have fewer concentric bands

I
posterolaterally than in other regions, and these are irregular-
making this region of the disc more susceptible to injury.

The annular fibers pass over the edge of the cartilage end plate of the
disc and are anchored to the bony rim of the vertebra and to its periosteum
and body. The attaching fibers are actually interwoven with the fibers of
the bony trabeculae of the vertebral body. The outer layer of fibers blend
with the posterior longitudinal ligament; some authors claim that the an-
terior longitudinal ligament has no such attachment (Vernon-Roberts 1987).
Resting on the surface of the vertebra, the hyaline cartilage end plate is
approximately 1 mm thick at its outer edge and becomes thinner toward
its center. The central portion of the end plate acts as a semipermeable
membrane to facilitate fluid exchange into and out of the disc; it also
protects the vertebral body from excessive pressure. In early life, canals
from the vertebral body penetrate the end plate, but these disappear af-
ter the age of 20 to 30. The end plate then starts to ossify and become
more brittle, while the central portion thins and, in some cases, is com-
pletely destroyed.
The nucleus pulposus is a soft hydrophilic (water-attracting) substance
taking up about 25% of the total disc area. It is continuous with the annu-
lus, but the nuclear fibers are far less dense than those of the annulus.
Mucopolysaccharides called proteoglycans fill the spaces between the col-
lagen fibers of the nucleus, giving the nucleus its water-retaining capacity
22 . BackStability
and making it mechanically plastic. Metabolically very active, the area
between the nucleus and annulus is sensitive both to physical force and to
chemical/hormonal influence (Palastanga et al. 1994). Although the col-
lagen volume of the nucleus remains unchanged, the proteoglycan con-
tent decreases with age-leading to a net reduction in water content. In
early life, the water content may be as high as 80-90%, but this decreases
to about 70% by middle age.
The lumbar discs are the largest avascular structures in the body. The
nucleus obtains fluids by passive diffusion from the margins of the verte-
bral body and across the cartilage end plate-particularly across the cen-
ter of the end plate, which is more permeable than the periphery. Intense
anaerobic activity within the nucleus (Holm et al. 1981) can lead to lactate
buildup and low oxygen concentration, placing the nuclear cells at risk.
Inadequate ATP levels may lead to cell death. Some researchers hypoth-
esize that regular exercise involving movement of the spine may improve
the nutrition of the disc-and over the years might not only improve the
general health of discs, but even slow the loss of height due to water loss
from discs.

KEY POINT: The lurTihar spinal discs are avascular and depend
:
on fluid exchange by passive diffusion.
activity is vital to this process.
Regular movement/

Facet Joints
The facet joints are synovial joints (cushioned by synovia, a viscous fluid)
between the inferior articular process of one vertebra and the superior
articular process of its neighbor. As with other typical synovial joints, they
have articular cartilage, a synovial membrane to contain the fluid, and a
joint capsule; but they also have a number of unique features (Bogduk
and Twomey 1991).
The facet joint capsule holds about 2 ml of synovial fluid. Its anterior
wall is formed by the ligamentum flavum; posteriorly, the capsule is rein-
forced by the deep fibers of the multifidus muscle. At its superior and
inferior poles, the joint leaves a small gap, creating the subscapular pock-
ets. These are filled with fat, contained within the synovial membrane.
Within the subscapular pocket lies a small foramen for passage of the fat
in and out of the joint as the spine moves.
Within the capsule, there are three structures of interest. The first is the
connective tissue rim, a thickened wedge-shaped area that makes up for the
curved shape of the articular cartilage in much the same way as the menisci
of the knee do. The second structure is an adipose tissue pad, a 2-mm fold of
synovium filled with fat and blood vessels. The third structure is the fibro-
adipose meniscoid, a 5-mm leaf-like fold that projects from the inner sur-
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine. 23

faces of the superior and inferior capsules. The last two structures have a
protective function. Flexion leaves some of the articular facets' cartilage ex-
posed-both the adipose tissue pad and the fibro-adipose meniscus cover
the exposed regions (Bogduk and Engel 1984).
With aging, cartilage of the facet joint can split parallel to the joint sur-
face, pulling a portion of joint capsule with it. The split cartilage, with its
attached piece of capsule, forms a false intra-articular meniscoid (Taylor
and Twomey 1986). Flexion normally draws the fibro-adipose meniscus
out from the joint, and it moves back in with extension. If the meniscus
fails to move back, it will buckle and remain under the capsule, causing
pain (Bogduk and Jull 1985). A mobilization or manipulation that com-
bines flexion and rotation may relieve pain by allowing the meniscoid to
move back into its original position.

The Sacroiliac Joint

As with the lumbar spine, the sacroiliac joint (SIJ)-the rather large sur-
face where the sacrum (the five fused bottom vertebrae of the spine) fits
into the pelvis (figure 2.8)-is stabilized by several ligaments that connect
to muscles within the region. The iliolumbar ligament attaches to the trans-
verse process of 1.5, and in some subjects to those of L4 as well (Willard
1997), and passes anteromedially to the iliac crest and the surface of the

a Iliolumbar ligaments

Anterior sacroiliac
Right ligament
innominate bone
(ilium,ischium,
and pubis)
Sacrotuberous ligament
Iliolumbar Pubic arch
ligaments
b c
Iliac crest
Posterior sacroiliac
ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Ischial tuberosity
Sacrotuberous ligament
Figure 2.8 The sacroiliac joint and its supporting ligaments: (a) anterior aspect;
(b) posterior aspect; and (c) left aspect of medial section through the pelvis.
Reprinted, by permission, from J. Watkins, 1999, Structure and function of the muscu-
loskeletal system (Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics), 1972.
24 . Back Stability

ilium. The iliolumbar ligament resists movement between the sacrum and
lumbar spine, particularly that of lateral flexion. When the ligament is
cut, movement of the lumbar spine (L5) on the sacrum increases signifi-
cantly-lateral flexion by nearly 30%; and flexion, extension, and rotation
by 18-23% (Yamamoto et al. 1990). The superior aspect of the SIJcapsule is
an extension of the iliolumbar ligament, while the anterior portion of the
capsule merges into the sacrotuberous ligament.
The sacrotuberous ligament has a triangular shape extending between
the posterior iliac spines, SIJ capsule, and coccyx (figure 2.8). Importantly,
the tendon of biceps femoris (the large muscle at the back of the upper
leg) extends over the ischial tuberosity to attach to the sacrotuberous liga-
ment (Vleeming et al. 1989); the ligament also attaches into some of the
deepest fibers of the multifidus muscle (the multifidus runs vertically down
the entire length of the back, on either side of the spine) (Willard 1997).
Movement at the sacroiliac joint is described as nutation and
countemutation (table 2.2). The sacrotuberous ligament resists nutation
of the sacrum, while the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament resists
countemutation.
Even though it is difficult to discern this from observing most anatomi-
cal diagrams, the sacrum is not fused with the pelvis-so when I speak of
movement of the sacrum, I mean motion within the pelvis as opposed to
motion of the pelvis, where the entire structure is moving on the hip. Greater
movement ranges have been reported in nonweightbearing than
weightbearing movements. Nonweightbearing movements have exhib-
ited as much as 12° innominate rotation during flexion, together with 8
mm translation during extension (Lavignolle et a!. 1983); weightbearing
movements were reduced to 2.5° rotation and 1.6 mm maximal transla-

Table 2.2 Movement of the Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ)

Nutation Counternutation
..
Anterior tilting of sacrum
Sacral base moves down and for-
.
.
Posterior tilting of sacrum
Sacral base moves up and back,
apex moves down
ward, apex moves up
.
Size of pelvic outlet increased,
pelvic inlet decreased
. Pelvic inlet increased, outlet
red uced
.
Occurs in standing . Occurs in nonweightbearing posi-

. Increased
increased
as lumbar lordosis . tion such as lying
Increased as lumbar lordosis de-
creased (flatback posture)
. Iliac bones pulled together,
impacted
SIJ . Iliac bones move apart, SIJdistracted

. Superior aspect of pubis . Inferioraspect of pubiscompressed

compressed
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 25

tion (Sturesson et al. 1989).In a study of healthy individuals aged 20-50

years, Jacob and Kissling (1995) found average rotational motion at the SI]
to be 2°, whereas symptomatic patients averaged 6°.
Nutation of the SIJ is an anterior tilting of the sacrum on the fixed in-
nominate bones. The sacral base moves down and forward, while the sac-
ral apex moves up, increasing the pelvic outlet. Nutation occurs in stand-
ing and increases as lordosis deepens. By pulling the iliac bones together,
nutation compresses the SI] as well as the superior portion of the pubic
symphasis. Countemutation is the opposite movement, with the sacral
base moving up and back and the apex moving downward. This move-
ment occurs in nonweightbearing situations, such as lying prone, and in-
creases as the lordosis is reduced and the low back is flattened. During
countemutation, the iliac bones move apart, the pelvic inlet increases, and
the pelvic outlet reduces (Kesson and Atkins 1998).
A variety of movements occur about the SI] during trunk actions (Lee
1994). During forward bending of the trunk, the pelvis tilts anteriorly and
the sacrum moves into extension (coccyx moving backward; i.e., nutation
around an oblique axis), causing the iliac crests and posterior superior
iliac spines (PSIS) to approximate (i.e., press toward each other) and the
ischial tuberosities and the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) to sepa-
rate. During side bending, the trunk laterally flexes and the pelvis shifts
to the opposite direction to maintain balance. With left lateral flexion and
right pelvic shift, the right innominate bone rotates posteriorly, and the
left innominate rotates anteriorly. The sacrum rotates to the right. During
trunk rotation, the pelvis rotates in the same direction; therefore, with left
trunk rotation, the right innominate anteriorly rotates and the left posteri-
orly rotates. The sacrum is driven into left rotation.

AXIAL COMPRESSION
Vertical loading of the lumbar spine (axial compression) occurs during
upright (standing or sitting) postures, exacerbating certain forms of back
pain. Knowledge of loading can help us to design safer exercise programs
for the back pain sufferer.

Compression of the Vertebral Bodies

Within the vertebra itself, compressive force is transmitted by both the
cancellous (spongy) bone of the vertebral body and its cortical bone shell.
Until about the age of 40, the cancellous bone contributes about 25-55% of
the vertebra's strength. As aging-related decreases in bone density lead to
a decline in the proportion of cancellous bone, the cortical bone shell car-
ries a greater proportion of load (Rockoff et al. 1969). As the vertebral
body is compressed, a net flow of blood out of it (Crock and Yoshizawa
 -
26 . BackStability
1976) reduces bone volume and dissipates energy (Roaf 1960). Blood re-
turns slowly as the force is reduced-leaving a latent period after the ini-
tial compression and diminishing the shock-absorbing properties of the
bone. Exercises that involve prolonged periods of repeated shock to the
spine (e.g., jumping on a hard surface) are therefore more likely to dam-
age vertebrae than those that load the spine for short periods and allow
recovery of the vertebral blood flow before repeating a movement.
.
KEY POINT: Blood flows-out of the vertebral body with
I loading, decreasing its shock-absorbing properties. Exercises
that repeatedly load the spine without allowing recovery can
therefore lead to accumulated stress.

Compression of Intervertebral Discs

During standing, 12-25% of axial compression forces are transmitted be-
tween adjacent vertebrae by the facet joints (see discussion on page 28);
the intervertebral disc absorbs the rest of the force (Miller et al. 1983). The
annulus fibrosis of a healthy disc resists buckling; even if a disc's nucleus
pulposus has been removed, its annulus alone can exhibit a loadbearing
capacity similar to that of the fully intact discfor a brief period (Markolfand
Morris 1974). When exposed to prolonged loading however, the collagen
lamellae of the annulus eventually buckle (see figure 2.7).
Throughout the waking day, discalloading diminishes a person's height
until the forces inside the disc equal the load forces (Twomey and Taylor
1994). By reducing axial loading, lying down permits restoration of the
former spinal length. Lying in a flexed position speeds the regain of lost
height as the lumbar discs are distracted (unloaded) during flexion (Tyrrell
et al. 1985). Application of an axial load compresses the fluid nucleus of
the disc, causing it to expand laterally. This lateral expansion stretches the
annular fibers, preventing them from buckling. The degree of discal com-
pression depends on the weight imposed and the rate of loading. A 100-
kg axial load can compress a disc by 1.4 mm and cause a lateral expansion
of 0.75 mm (Hirsch and Nachemson 1954). The stretch in the annular fi-
bers stores energy, which is released when the compression stress is re-
moved. The stored energy gives the disc a certain springiness, which helps
to offset any deformation that occurred in the nucleus. A force applied
rapidly is not lessened by this mechanism, but its rate of application is
slowed, giving the spinal tissues time to adapt.
Deformation of the disc occurs more rapidly at the onset of axial load
application, the majority of its deformation occurring within 10 minutes
of onset. After this time, deformation continues but slows to a rate of about
1 mm per hour (Markolf and Morris 1974),leading to loss of height through-
out the day. Under constant loading the discs exhibit "creep" (i.e., they
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 27

continue to deform even though the load is not increasing). Because com-
pression causes a rise in fluid pressure, fluid is actually lost from both the
nucleus and the annulus. About 10% of the water within the disc can be
squeezed out by this method (Kraemer et al. 1985), the exact amount de-
pendent on the size and duration of the applied force. When the compres-
sive force is reduced, the fluid is absorbed back through pores in the
cartilage end plates of the vertebra. Exercises that axially load the spine
reduce a person's height through discal compression-squat exercises in
weight training, for example, can create compression loads in the L3-L4
segment of 6-10 times bodyweight (Cappozzo et al. 1985). Researchers
have observed average height losses of 5.4 mm over a 25-minute period of
general weight training, and 3.25 mm after a 6-km run (Leatt et al. 1986)
(figure 2.9). Static axial loading of the spine with a 40-kg barbell over a 20-
minute period can reduce a subject's height by as much as 11.2mm (Tyrrell
et al. 1985). Clearly, exercises that involve this degree of spinal loading are
unsuitable for individuals with discal pathology.
The vertebral end plates of the discs are compressed centrally and are
able to undergo less deformation than either the annulus or the cancel-
lous bone. The end plates are therefore likely to fail (fracture) under high
compression (Norkin and Levangie 1992). Discs subjected to very high
compressive loads can show permanent deformation without herniation
(Farfan et al. 1976; MarkoH and Morris 1974). However, such compression
forces may lead to Schmorls node formation (Bernhardt et al. 1992): the
disc end plate (which joins the disc to the vertebral body) ruptures, and
nuclear material from the disc passes through to the vertebral body itself.
Bending and torsional stresses on the spine, when combined with com-
pression, are more damaging than compression alone, and degenerated
discs are particularly at risk. Average failure torques for normal discs are

15
D Weight
training

E
.s 10
D 6-km run

.40-k9
~static load
.E
C>
0ij;
I 5

o
Activity
Figure 2.9 Discal compression and height loss during exercise.
28 . Back Stability
25% higher than for degenerative discs (Farfan et al. 1976). Degenerative
discs also demonstrate poorer viscoelastic properties and therefore a re-
duced ability to attenuate shock.
The proteoglycan of the disc's nucleus makes it hydrophilic, and its
ability to transmit load relies on high water content; yet proteoglycan con-
tent declines from about 65% in early life to about 30% by middle age
(Bogduk and Twomey 1987). When the proteoglycan content of the disc is
high (up to age 30 in most subjects), the nucleus pulposus is gelatinous,
producing a uniform fluid pressure. After this age, the lower water con-
tent of the disc leaves the nucleus unable to build as much fluid pressure.
Less central pressure is produced, and the load is distributed more pe-
ripherally, eventually causing the annular fibers to become fibrillated and
to crack (Hirsch and Schajowicz 1952). The net result is that a disc's reac-
tion to compressive stress declines with age (figure 2.10).
The age-related changes in discs cause greater susceptibility to injury.
This fact-<:ombined with a general reduction in fitness and changes in
trunk movement patterns related to activities of daily living-greatly in-
creases the risk of injury in older individuals. Encourage previously inac-
tive persons over the age of 40 to engage in trunk exercises, under the
supervision of a physiotherapist, before attending fitness classes.

Compression of Facet Joints

The orientations of facet joints differ among various regions of the spine,
thereby altering the available motion. In the mid- and lower cervical spine,
for example, rotation and lateral flexion are limited but flexion and exten-
sion are possible. In the thoracic spine, flexion and extension are limited
but lateral flexion and rotation are free. At the thoracolumbar junction
(T12-Ll), rotation is the only movement that is limited; in the lumbar spine,
both rotation and lateral flexion are limited.

a b

Figure 2.10 Age-related changes in lumbar discs. (a) Maximal disc height
and end plate length of youth. (b) Reduced measurements through aging.
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 29

The superior / inferior alignment of the facet joints in the lumbar spine
means that, during axial loading in the neutral position, the joint surfaces
slide past each other. Note, however, that anywhere between T9 and T12,
the orientation of the facet joints may change from those characteristic of
the thoracic spine to those of the lumbar spine. Therefore, the level at
which particular movements will occur can vary considerably among sub-
jects. During lumbar movements, displacement of the facet joint surfaces
causes them to impact, or press together. Because the sacrum is inclined
and the body and disc of L5 are wedge shaped, during axial loading L5 is
subjected to a shearing force. This force is resisted by the more anterior
orientation of the L5 inferior articular processes. As the lordosis increases,
moreover, the anterior longitudinal ligament and the anterior portion of
the annulus fibrosis are stretched, providing tension to resist the bending
force. Additional stabilization is provided for the L5 vertebra by the ili-
olumbar ligament, attached to the L5 transverse process. This ligament,
together with the facet joint capsules, stretches to resist the distraction
force.
Once the axial compression force stops, release of the stored elastic
energy in the spinal ligaments re-establishes the neutral lordosis. With
compression of the lordotic lumbar spine, or in cases where gross disc
narrowing has occurred, the inferior articular processes may impact on
the lamina of the vertebra below (see figure 2.11). In this case, the lower
joints (L3/4, L4/5, L5/S1) may bear as much as 19% of the compression
force, while the upper joints (Ll/2, L2/3) bear only 11% (Adams et al.
1980).

Figure 2.11 Results of compression on discs and facet joints. (a) Normal
disc thickness and alignment of superior and inferior articular processes. (b)
Reduced disc thickness resulting in increased compression load on facet joint.
(c) Extra.articular impingement of facet joint.
Reprinted, by permission, from J. Watkins, 1999, Structure and function of the muscu-
loskeletal system (Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics), 146.
30 . Back Stability

MOVEMENTS OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND PELVIS

Much of the material for this section comes from Norris (1995a) and Norris
(1998), to which I refer you for further reading.

Flexion and Extension

Both disc height and the horizontal length of the vertebral end plate
affect the range of motion attainable during sagittal plane movement
of the lumbar spine. Greatest range of motion occurs with a combina-
tion of maximum disc height and maximum end plate length (figure
2.10). Since this alignment most often occurs in young females, it is
they who possess the greatest ranges of motion at the lumbar spine.
With aging, disc height and end plate length become more similar be-
tween the sexes, equalizing the available range of motion for males
and females in old age (Twomey
and Taylor 1994).
Q) During flexion movements, the
C>
C
co
anterior annulus of a lumbar disc
.J::.
U
Q)
is compressed, whereas the pos-
:; terior fibers are stretched. Simi-
(/)
(/)
Q)
larly, the nucleus pulposus of the
c. disc is compressed anteriorly,
Q)
.2: whereas pressure is relieved over
OJ its posterior surface. Since the
a;
c: total volume of the disc remains
a unchanged, however, its pressure
should not increase. The increases
in pressure seen with posture
Q) changes are due not to the bend-
C>
C
co
ing motion of the bones within
.J::.
U the vertebral joint itself but to the
!!?
::>
soft tissue tension created to con-
(/)
(/)
Q) trol the bending. If the pressure
~
c.
Q)
at the L3 disc for a 70-kg stand-
.2: ing subject is said to be 100%, su-
OJ pine lying reduces the pressure to
a;
c: 25%. The pressure variations in-
b crease dramatically as soon as the
Figure 2.12 Pressure changes in the lumbar spine is flexed and tissue
third lumbar disc: (a) in different posi- tension increases (figure 2.12).
tions; (b) in different muscle-strengthen- The sitting posture increases in-
ing exercises. tradiscal pressure to 140%,
From Norris 1998. whereas sitting and leaning for-
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 31

ward with a lO-kg weight in each hand increases pressure to 275%

(Nachemson 1992). The selection of an appropriate starting position for
trunk exercises is therefore of great importance. Spinal exercise from a
slumped sitting posture, for example, places considerably more stress on
spinal discs than the same movement beginning from crook lying (lying
on the back with the knees and hips flexed, feet flat on the floor).
The posterior annulus stretches during flexion, whereas the nucleus is
compressed onto the posterior wall. Since the posterior portion of the
annulus is the thinnest part, the combination of stretch and pressure to
this area may result in discal bulging or herniation. Because layers of
annular fibers alternate in direction, rotation movements stretch only half
of the fibers at any given time. The disc is more easily injured during a
combination of rotation and flexion, which stretches all the fibers at the
same time.
As the lumbar spine flexes, the lordosis flattens and then reverses at its
upper levels. Reversal of lordosis does not occur at LS-S1 (Pearcy et al.
1984). Flexion of the lumbar spine involves a combination of anterior sag-
ittal rotation and anterior translation. As sagittal rotation occurs, the ar-
ticular facets move apart, permitting the translation movement to occur.
Translation is limited by impaction of the inferior facet of one vertebra on
the superior facet of the vertebra below. As flexion increases, or if the spine
is angled forward on the hip, the surface (i.e., the top) of the vertebral body
faces more vertically, increasing the shearing force due to gravity. The forces
involved in facet impaction therefore increase to limit translation of the
vertebra and stabilize the lumbar spine. Because the facet joint has a curved
articular facet, the load is not concentrated evenly across the whole surface
but is focused on the anteromedial portion of the facets (figure 2.13).
The sagittal rotation movement of the facet joint causes the joint to open
and is therefore limited by the stretch of the joint capsule. The posteriorly
placed spinal ligaments are also tightened. Adams et al. (1980) used math-
ematical modeling to analyze the forces that limit sagittal rotation within
the lumbar spine. They found that the disc contributes 29% of the limit to
movement, the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments 19%, and the
facet joint capsules 39%. In one experiment, the researchers cut (and thereby
"released") various posterior tissues in cadavers in order to measure the
effects of those tissues on flexion range. Range of motion increased about
40 when the posterior ligaments were released and 90 when the capsule
was released. Releasing the pedicles increased the flexion range by 240 in
young (14-22 years) subjects. Cutting all the posterior elements increased
the flexion range by 100% in the young subjects but by only 60% in the
elderly (61-78 years) subjects.
During sustained flexion, tissue overstretch results in creep-gradually
increasing the range of motion as tissues elongate over time. With aging,
the amount of creep is greater, but recovery takes longer (Twomey and
32 . Back Stability
Taylor 1994). Occupations that involve
prolonged flexion with little recovery
(e.g., bricklaying or sitting with poor
posture) provide little chance for the
overstretched tissue to recover, lead-
ing to chronic adaptation of both soft
tissue and bone. Such individuals suf-
fer from a high incidence of chronic
postural back pain with many acute
episodes (Twomey et al. 1988).

KEY POINT: Sustained

flexion results in creep of
the lumbar tissues (Le., a
gradual increase in range of
motion over time). Prolonged
flexion with inadequate
tissue recovery can lead to
chronic adaptation and
consequent pain.

During extension, anterior struc-

tures are under tension, whereas pos-
terior structures are first taken off
c
stretch and then compressed (depend-
ing on the range of motion). Extension
movements subject the vertebral bod-
ies to posterior sagittal rotation. The
inferior articular processes move
downward, causing them to impact
against the lamina of the vertebra be-
low. Once the bony block has occurred,
if further load is applied, the upper
vertebra will axially rotate by pivoting
on the impacted inferior articular pro-
cess. The inferior articular process will
move backward, overstretching and
possibly damaging the joint capsule
Figure 2.13 The lower lumbar (Yang and King 1984). Repeated move-
spine and sacrum in (a) standing, ments of this type eventually can lead
(b) extension, and (c) flexion.
to erosion of the laminal periosteum
Reprinted, by permission, from J. (Oliver and Middleditch 1991). At the
Watkins, 1999, Structure and function
of the musculoskeletal system (Cham-
site of impaction, the joint capsule may
paign, IL:Human Kinetics), 147. catch between the opposing bones, cre-
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine. 33

ating another source of pain (Adams and Hutton 1983). Since structural
abnormalities can alter a vertebra's axis of rotation, considerable varia-
tion exists among subjects (Klein and Hukins 1983).

Rotation and Lateral Flexion

During rotation, torsional stiffness is provided by the outer layers of the
annulus, by the orientation of the facet joints, and by the cortical bone
shell of the vertebral bodies themselves. Moreover, the annular fibers of
the disc are stretched as their orientation permits-since alternating lay-
ers of fibers are angled obliquely to each other, some fibers will be stretched
while others relax. A maximum range of 3° of rotation can occur before
the annular fibers will be microscopically damaged and a maximum of
12° before tissue failure (Bogduk and Twomey 1987). The spinous pro-
cesses separate during rotation, stretching the supraspinous and inter-
spinous ligaments. Impaction occurs between the opposing articular fac-
ets on one side, causing the articular cartilage to compress by 0.5 mm for
each 1° of rotation and providing a substantial buffer mechanism (Bogduk
and Twomey 1987). If rotation continues beyond this point, the vertebra
pivots around the impacted facet joint, causing posterior and lateral move-
ment. The combination of movements and forces stress the impacted facet
joint by compression, the spinal disc by torsion and shear, and the capsule
of the opposite facet joint by traction. The disc provides only 35% of the
total resistance (Farfan et al. 1976).
When the lumbar spine is laterally flexed, the annular fibers toward the
concavity of the curve are compressed and begin to bulge, while those on
the convexity of the curve are stretched. The contralateral fibers of the
outer annulus and the contralateral intertransverse ligaments help to re-
sist extremes of motion (Norkin and Levangie 1992). Lateral flexion and
rotation occur as coupled movements. In the neutral position, rotation of
the upper four lumbar segments is accompanied by lateral flexion to the
opposite side; rotation of the L5-S1 joint, however, occurs with lateral flex-
ion to the same side. The nature of the coupling varies with the degree of
flexion and extension. In the neutral position, rotation and lateral flexion
occur to the opposite side, called "type I movement" (i.e., right rotation is
coupled with left lateral flexion). But when the lumbar spine is in flexion
or extension, rotation and lateral flexion occur in the same direction, called
"type II movement" (i.e., right rotation is coupled with right lateral flex-
ion). In the concavity of lateral flexion, the inferior facet of the upper ver-
tebra slides downward on the superior facet of the vertebra below, reduc-
ing the area of the intervertebral foramen on that side. On the convexity of
the laterally flexed spine, the inferior facet slides upwards on the superior
facet of the vertebra below, increasing the diameter of the intervertebral
foramen.
34 . Back Stability

Lumbar-Pelvic Rhythm
When people bend forward as though to touch their toes, the movement
comes from both the pelvis and the lumqar spine. The pelvis anteriorly
tilts on the femur, while the lumbar spine flexes on the pelvis. The com-
bined movement of both lumbar and pelvic motion is called "lumbar-
pelvic rhythm." With the lumbar spine held immobile and the knees locked,
the pelvis can tilt only to roughly 90° hip flexion (hamstring tightness
limits further movement). To touch the floor, one must also flex the lum-
bar spine. Similarly, with the pelvis held immobile, lumbar flexion is lim-
ited to about 30-40°, with most movement occurring at the lower lumbar
segments. Therefore, to achieve full forward bending, one must move both
body segments. When flexing to midrange levels during daily living, in-
dividuals can significantly reduce their lumbar flexion by using anterior
pelvic tilt. Reduced ability to anteriorly tilt the pelvis increases the need
to flex the lumbar spine, opening the possibility of postural pain through
repetitive loading of the lumbar tissues.
When a person bends forward from a standing position, the pelvis and
lumbar spine rotate in the same direction. Lumbar flexion accompanies
anterior tilt of the pelvis (figure 2.14a). In the upright posture, the feet and
shoulders are static, and the pelvis and lumbar spine move in opposite
directions (figure 2.14b)-lumbar extension compensates for an anteriorly
tilted pelvis in order to maintain the head and shoulders in an upright
orientation. Table 2.3 describes the relationship between various pelvic
movements and the corresponding hip joint action.

Figure 2.14 (a) Lumbar-pelvic rhythm in open chain formation occurs in the
same direction. Anterior pelvic tilt accompanies lumbar flexion. (b) Lumbar-
pelvic rhythm in closed kinetic chain formation occurs in opposite direc-
tions. Anterior pelvic tilt is compensated by lumbar extension.
From Norris 1998.
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 35

Table 2.3 Relationship of Pelvis, Hip Joint, and Lumbar Spine

During Right Lower-Extremity Weightbearing and Upright
Posture
Accompanying hip Compensatory
Pelvic motion joint motion lumbar motion
Anterior pelvic tilt Hip flexion Lumbar extension
Posterior pelvic tilt Hip extension Lumbar flexion
Lateral pelvic tilt (pelvic Right hip adduction Right lateral flexion
drop)
Lateral pelvic tilt (hip Right hip abduction Left lateral flexion
hitch)
Forward rotation Right hip MR Rotation to the left
Backward rotation Right hip LR Rotation to the right
MR = medial rotation; LR = lateral rotation.
Reprinted, by permission, from c.c. Norkin and P.K. Levangie, 1992, joint structure
and function: A comprehensive analysis, 2d ed. (Philadelphia: Davis).

Controlling Spinal Range of Motion

If the trunk is moving slowly, a subject feels tissue tension at the end range
and is able to stop a movement short of the full end range-thereby pro-
tecting the spinal tissues from overstretching. However, rapid trunk move-
ments can build up sufficient momentum to push the spine to the full end
range, thereby stressing the spinal tissues. Many amateur and even pro-
fessional sports directors, teachers, and coaches have their charges engage
in rapid and ballistic warm-up exercises, performed with high numbers
of repetitions. These activities can lead to excessive flexibility and a re-
duction in passive stability of the spine.

THE MECHANICS OF LIFTING

Many individuals engage in some sort of lifting throughout the day. This
section briefly describes the mechanical factors and the muscle work in-
volved in lifting. See chapter 11 for proper lifting techniques.

Lifting As a Set of Torques

Lifting an object from the ground actually represents a rather complex
mechanical problem. One must create a set of torques (technically, torque
= force x distance to axis of rotation), involving both the body and the
object to be lifted, that will produce the desired outcome (figure 2.15).
The forces created during flexion by leverage, body weight, and muscle
force-plus those created by the weight being lifted-must be overcome
36 . Back Stability

by an opposing extension force created

by the hip extensor muscles as they con-
tract upon the spine.

Hip
· If the spine is not stable, posterior
pelvic tilting brought about by the hip
extension extensors (gluteus maximus and the
hamstrings) merely increases the flexion
of the spine.
· If the spine is stable, the power (cre-
ated when the hip extensors posteriorly
tilt the pelvis) is transmitted by the erec-
Object
lifted tor spinae along the length of the spine
to the upper limb, which then delivers
Figure 2.15 The mechanics of
the force to the object being lifted.
lifting.
The hip extensor muscles are better
suited than the erector spinae to initiate
a lift from a flexed position. A ISO-pound athlete develops a torque of
about 10,000 inch-pounds in lifting a 450-pound weight. Although the hip
extensors can generate a torque of about 15,000 inch-pounds, the erector
spinae can generate only 3,000, or 30% of that required to perform the lift
(Farfan 1988). Note that the bulk of the muscles creating the force (gluteus
maxim us) are some distance from the limb controlling the movement (com-
pare this arrangement with the fingers: the muscles that flex and extend
the fingers are located not right above the fingers, where they would be in
the way, but in the forearm). When prescribing exercises within the back
stability program to help re-educate a person in correct lifting habits, em-
phasize use of the hip extensors (spinal extensors are far less important in
this case), working with a stable spine. The hip hinge action, which empha-
sizes the gluteals, is a good exercise to use (see page 72).
Modeling the spine as a cantilever system according to standard me-
chanical principles, one can calculate the torques of various forces acting
on the spine during lifting. Where the leverage is in equilibrium, the
sum of the torques is zero, with flexion forces exactly balancing exten-
sion forces. It is possible to calculate both the force needed to lift an ob-
ject and the resulting compression force on the lumbar spine (Sullivan
1997). In order to lift a weight, the muscles and connective tissues in the
lumbar spine must counteract the flexion caused by the weight by pro-
viding an equal amount of extension (figure 2.15). However, since the
weight is far from the fulcrum while the lower back muscles and tissues
are very near to it, the muscles and tissues have much less leverage and
must therefore exert much more force than just the weight of the object
being lifted. Meanwhile, the vertebral joints experience a compression
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 37

that is the sum of this force and the weight of the object. That sum is
much greater than the weight alone and can be very large indeed! Yet,
using postmortem measurements of actual vertebral strength, Perey
(1957) estimated that lifting a weight heavier than 110 kg (242.5 lb.) would
exceed the compressive strength of vertebrae. Such calculations clearly
indicate that the spinal column alone cannot bear excessively large weights
without undergoing severe damage. In order to reduce the compressive
force acting on the spinal column when lifting large amounts of weight
(as, for example, in Olympic weight lifting), an individual must sub-
stantially strengthen all the vertebral reinforcing mechanisms reviewed
in chapter 3.

KEY POINT: The spinal column itself is not strong enough to

bear the compression force from lifting heavy weights. The
force created by the torque of lifting heavy weights can be
many, many times the force of the weight itself-the muscles
and connective tissues of the lumbar spine must bear the large
majority of the forces involved. If these soft tissues are not
sufficiently trained, severe injury can result.

The Flexion Relaxation Response in Lifting

When a subject flexes the spine during a lift, the erector spinae are electri-
cally silent just short of full flexion (Kippers and Parker 1984). This phe-
nomenon, called the flexion relaxation responseor critical point, is the result
of elastic recoil (rebound) of the posterior ligaments and musculature. This
point does not occur in all individuals (see below) and occurs later in the
range of motion when weights are carried (Bogduk and Twomey 1991).
During the final stages of flexion and from 2-100extension (Sullivan 1997),
movement occurs by recoil of the stretched tissues rather than by active
muscle work.
KEY POINT: During bending, the erector spinae are electrically
silent just short of full flexion. This phenomenon is the "flexion
relaxation response."

If the erector spinae are in spasm, chronic low back pain often obliter-
ates the flexion relaxation response. Failure of the muscles to relax pre-
vents adequate perfusion with fresh blood and can lead to local ischemic
muscle pain. Interestingly, during a squat lift with the back perfectly
straight, the latissimus dorsi contracts powerfully at the beginning of the
lift-perhaps to initiate extension by pulling on the thoracolumbar fascia
(McGill and Norman 1986; Sullivan 1997). With extremely heavy lifts of
any type, as subjects flex forward to the point of electrical silence, the
38 . Back Stability
positions of the vertebrae suggest that they do not reach the point at which
the ligaments would be loaded (i.e., stretched or tensioned greater than at
rest) (Cholewicki and McGill 1992).
The electrical silence of the muscles and the anatomical alignment of
the vertebral segments suggest that the final degrees of flexion as well as
the first degrees of extension occur through elastic recoil of the spinal ex-
tensor muscles. The length/tension relationship in muscles (figure 2.16)
shows that a muscle loses active tension as it is stretched-but even to-
ward the end of the range of movement, there is little decrease in total
tension since an increase in passive force (recoil, as happens with a stretched
rubber band) largely makes up for the decrease in active contraction. As
the spine returns from a fully flexed position, the ligaments may produce
some 50 N . m of tension while the recoiling muscles produce 200 N . m.
The combined extensor forces of the two passive systems represents the
major component of the "posterior ligamentous system" supporting the
spine (Bogduk and Twomey 1991).

Arch Model of the Spine

Instead of representing the spine as a cantilever system as just described,
one can use the model of an arch (Aspden 1987, 1989).The ends (abutments)
of the arch are provided caudally by the sacrum and cranially by a combi-
nation ofbodyweight and muscular /ligamentous forces. The principle dif-
ference between a lever and an arch is that the lever is externally supported,
whereas the arch is intrinsically stable. Any load positioned on the convex
surface of the arch will create an internal thrust line that runs in a straight

.Total
......./
"

, ,,
,,
, ,, Active
,,
, ,,
.'
Muscle length

Figure 2.16 The length-tension relationship in muscles.

From Norris 1998.
 Biomechanics ofrhe Lumbar Spine. 39

line to the arch abutments (figure 2.17a). For the arch to remain stable, the
thrust line must stay within the physical boundaries of the arch. The deeper
within the arch the thrust line stays, the more stable the arch will be. In the
case of the spine, the thrust line is positioned within the vertebral bodies.
Because a lOO-kg weight lifted in a stooped position (lordosis lost)
creates a thrust line outside the spine (figure 2.17b), the arch is unstable.
By tensing the back extensor and abdominal muscles at the same time,
however, one can create intra-abdominal pressure (lAP) that moves the
thrust line back into the spine and increases spinal stability (figure 2.17c).

Figure 2.17 (a) General mechanics of an arch. A load on the convex surface
of an arch creates an internal thrust line. For stability, the thrust line must
stay within the depth of the arch ring. (b) Applying the arch model to the
spine. Lifting a heavy weight in a stooped position creates a thrust line that
moves outside the arch of the spine, making the spine unstable. (e) lAP act-
ing on the anterior surface of the spine and adjustment of lordosis moves the
thrust line back within the vertebral bodies.
Reprinted, by permission, from C. Norris, 1995, "Spinal stabilisation," Physiotherapy
journa/Bl(3): 4-12.
40 . Back Stability
Moreover, an individual can use the spinal muscles (which are intrinsic
to the arch) to adjust the lordosis, so that the thrust line continually
remains within the arch of the spine. The stiffness of the spine (resis-
tance to bending) also is increased through the thoracolumbar fascia
(TLF) and hydraulic amplifier mechanisms.
Some writers believe the arch model of the spine seriously underesti-
mates the compressive forces on the spine (Adams 1989). For further dis-
cussion of lAP and other stabilizing mechanisms, see chapter 3.

LIFTING METHODS
There are two basic ways to lift something: in the squat lift, a person bends
the knees and back; in the stoop lift, the legs remain straight and the back
alone bends. Because the legs are apart and bent with the squat lift, an
individual can hold the object closer to the body's line of gravity-thereby
reducing the length of the lever arm from the body's line of gravity to the
center of gravity of the object. The disadvantage of the squat lift is that
individuals are lifting more of their bodies (the legs and trunk as opposed
to the trunk alone) and therefore must expend more energy than with a
stoop lift. The erector spinae are more active in positions where the lordo-
sis is maintained (Delitto et al. 1987)-after they have attained a fully erect
position when lifting a heavy weight, people tend to lean back in order to
balance the weight and to use their hip flexor muscles to resist further
spinal extension and to stabilize their spines.

KEY POINT: In a squat lift, a person can hold a weight closer to

the body's center of gravity, thereby reducing the torque on the
spine.
In addition to differentiating between the squat lift and stoop lift, we
must also examine the difference between using a squat lift with the back
lordotic (lumbar spine minimally extended) and with the back flat (lum-
bar spine minimally flexed). Lumbar curvature is calculated as the angle
formed between the surface of the vertebral body of L1 and that of the
sacrum (figure 2.18). The population mean value of this angle is 50°, al-
though in children it is increased to 67° and in young males to as much as
74° (Bogduk and Twomey 1991) depending on posture type. The lordosis
naturally results from the shapes of the vertebrae and disks of the lumbar
spine. The L5-S1 vertebral disc is wedge shaped, its posterior height typi-
cally about 7 mm less than its anterior. The L5 vertebral body also is wedge
shaped, its posterior height typically 3 mm less than its anterior. The
remainder of the lordosis occurs because the discs themselves (not the
vertebral bodies) are wedge shaped. The sacrum is angled at about 30° to
the horizontal, and changes to this angle affect the sacroiliac joint.
 Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine . 41

Because the orientation of the verte-

L1 brae differ between the squat and stoop
lifts, the load distribution is affected. The
L2 lengths of various trunk muscles also dif-
fer between the two lifts. Since the depth
of the lumbar discs (6-12 mm) is consid-
L3 erably smaller than the vertical height of
the lumbar vertebrae (30-45 mm), even
L4 minimal changes in vertebral angles can
greatly deform the discs. A flexion angle
of 10-12°, for example, stretches the pos-
L5 terior annulus by more than 50% (Adams
and Dolan 1997). Repeated loading in a
lordotic posture can cause compressive
stress within the posterior annulus of a
disc and load the adjacent facet joints.
Sacrum Maximal flexion (up to the elastic limit)
can thin the posterior annulus and cause
posterior prolapse. Minimal flexion (flat-
back), however, which brings the verte-
Coccyx~ bral bodies into vertical alignment,
Figure 2.18 The curvature of equalizes compressive stress across the
the lumbar spine can be desig- whole disc and unloads the facets
nated by the angle (Q) formed (Adams et al. 1994). At 60-80% of maxi-
between lines through the sur- mum flexion, the posterior tissues exert
face of L 1 and the sacrum.
a substantial extensor torque--yet there
Adapted, by permission, from J.K.
Loudon, S.L. Bell, and J,M. Johnston, is only a small compression effect on the
1998, The clinical orthopedic assess- lumbar discs. Moreover, tension in the
ment guide (Champaign, IL: Human thoracolumbar fascia helps to stabilize
Kinetics), 54.
the sacroiliac joint-and contraction of
the gluteal muscles, the abdominals, and latissimus dorsi all increase the
TLF tension in a flatback posture.
To lift a heavy object, one optimally should use a squat lift while main-
taining the neutral position of the spine. The spine is likely to flatten as
the weight is taken, and this technique should prevent hyperflexion as
long as the object is pulled toward the pelvis.

KEY POINT: Have your client perform squat lifts when lifting
an object, bringing the object in toward the pelvis. As your
client begins to raise the weight, her lumbar spine flattens to
minimally compress the lumbar discs and unload the facet
joints. In this position, tissue recoil provides substantial
extension power.
42 . BackStability
SUMMARY

· A spinal segment, comprising two adjacent vertebrae, is comparable

. to a simple leverage system, connected and held together by ligaments.

Because spinal ligaments are interconnected with fasciae surrounding
back muscles, which in turn eventually merge with ligaments and
muscles as distant as the extremities of limbs, movements of most parts

. of the body can affect the stability of the spine.

The deep abdominal muscles in particular are very important in
keeping the spine stable (Le., keeping vertebrae in line even during

. heavy lifting).
Spinal discs, between each pair of vertebrae, absorb stress through
stretching of the elastic fibers in the outer annulus and through
cushioning by the highly plastic, hydrophilic nucleus pulposus. With
age, the nucleus loses water content and the fibers lose elasticity.
. The facet joints are synovial joints between the inferior articular process
of one vertebra and the superior articular process of its neighbor. Their

. articular cartilage can become brittle with age.

Within the vertebra itself, compressive force is transmitted by both
the cancellous (spongy) bone of the vertebral body and its cortical
bone shell. Cancellous tissue declines with age. The vertebrae
themselves, however, can bear only a small fraction of the load placed
on the spine by heavy weights without experiencing serious injury.
. In order to successfully bear heavy weight, the spine must be stabilized
by muscles and ligaments.
 ~
Stabilization Mechanisms
in the Lumbar S1!ine

Devoid of its musculature, the human spine is inherently unstable. The

spine of a fresh cadaver stripped of muscle can sustain a load of only 4-5
lb. before it buckles into flexion (Panjabi et al. 1989). Moreover, the center
of gravity of the upper body (when standing upright) lies at stemallevel
(Norkin and Levangie 1992). This combination of flexibility and weight
distribution is approximately comparable to balancing a 75-pound weight
at the end of a 14-inch flexible rod (Farfan 1988).
From the strictly mechanical standpoint, discs don't contribute as much
as one might think to the spine's strength: lifting heavy objects imposes
on the lower lumbar spine a compressive force that greatly exceeds the
failure load of the vertebral discs unless additional support is present
(Bartelink 1957; Bradford and Spurling 1945; Morris et al. 1961).
By reducing the compression forces on lumbar discs, several mecha-
nisms help stabilize the spine (Norris 1995a). These mechanisms, on which
this chapter focuses, include the posterior ligamentous system, several
processes involving the thoracolumbar fascia, actions of trunk muscles,
and intra-abdominal pressure.

THE POSTERIOR LIGAMENTOUS SYSTEM

The interspinous and supraspinous ligaments, facet joint capsules, and
thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) together provide passive support for the spine
sufficient to balance between 24% and 55% of imposed flexion stress
(Adams et al. 1980).
In the unstretched position, collagen fibers within the anterior and poste-
rior longitudinal ligaments and the ligamentum flavum (see figure 2.3, page
16) are aligned haphazardly. When the ligaments are stretched as the spine
flexes or extends, however, the collagen fibers become aligned and the liga-
ment becomes stiffer (Hukins et al. 1990; Kirby et al. 1989). Prestressed by
10-13% at rest, the ligaments retract when cut (Hukins et al. 1990). The

43
44 . Back Stability
longitudinal ligaments therefore maintain a compressive force along
the axis of the spine, causing it to act somewhat like a prestressed beam
(Aspden 1992).The ligaments are viscoelastic (Le.,they stiffen when loaded
rapidly). Rapid loading therefore increases the thrust within the spine and
tends to approximate (bring closer together) the vertebrae, enhancing
spinal stability.
Power created by the hip extensors posteriorly tilts the pelvis and is
transmitted through the spine to the thorax and upper limbs via the liga-
mentous system. Some authors have maintained that for this passive
mechanism to work, the spine must remain flexed. They argued that if the
spine extends, tightness of the posterior ligaments will decrease and their
ability to stabilize the spine will be lost (McGill and Norman 1986). More
recently, however, it has been shown that the spine need not become ky-
photic before it can create tension by stretching the tissues (Gracovetsky
et al. 1990).
The posterior ligamentous system alone can sustain a maximum torque
of only about 50 N . m (Bogduk and Twomey 1991), less than 25% of that
of the contracting erector spinae. However, two passive systems are at
work here (see page 38). In addition to the recoil from the posterior liga-
mentous sytem, the erector spinae are also recoiling. At the point of full
flexion, these muscles no longer contract (they are electrically silent), but
they do exert a force through recoil much like that of a giant elastic band.
The force that the erector spinae create through recoil is about 200 N . m
equal to their potential contractile force. The combined posterior musculo-
ligamentous system therefore provides a substantial stabilizing mecha-
nism in full flexion.

~ The posterior ligaments of the spine can sustain

50 N . m of torque and resist over 50% of the flexion stress
imposed on the spine. The passive tension (elastic recoil) in the
stretched erector spinae can create 200 N . m of torque, equal
to their maximum contraction.

THE THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA

The thoracolumbar fascia performs a number of important functions dur-
ing back stability, which I briefly review here. Note that the fascia also
acts to stabilize the sacroiliac joints.

Structure of the Thoracolumbar Fascia

The thoracolumbar (lumbardorsal) fascia (TLF) has three layers that cover
the muscles of the back (figure 3.1). The anterior layer derives from fascia
covering the quadratus lumborum and attaches to the transverse processes
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine. 45

-Terms YouSh'OUltI Kn-ow=:

aponeurosis connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
approximate (verb) to move or bring objects closer together
contralateral originating in or affecting the opposite side of the
body
fascicle a small bundle of nerve or muscle fibers
hoop pressure the inward pressure exerted by the muscles sur-
rounding the trunk
ipsilateral on the same side (of the body)
kyphotic convex curvature of the thoracic spine creating a hunch-
back
lamina a thin flat layer or membrane
raphe, lateral a ridge along the side of the erector spinae muscles
formed by the connective tissue of the latissimus dorsi, internal
obliques. and transversus abdominus

(Bogduk and Twomey 1991). The middle layer, behind the quadratus
lumborum, attaches both to the transverse processes and to the
intertransverse ligaments. Laterally, it extends to cover transversus
abdominis. The posterior layer, which envelops the erector spinae, attaches
from the spinous processes and wraps around the back muscles to blend
with the rest of the TLF laterally to the iliocostalis. The point at which the
layers blend is the lateral raphe.
The superficial layer of the TLF is continuous with the latissimus dorsi and
gluteus maximus. Sometimes a few fibers attach to parts of the external ob-
lique and trapezius, and some cross the body midline (Vleeming et al. 1995).
At L4-LS level, fibers from latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus differ in
orientation, giving the superficial layer of the TLF a crosshatched appear-
ance. This appearance may even extend down to the LS-S2 level (Vleeming
et al. 1997).The fibers of the deep layer are continuous with the sacrotuber-
ous ligament (and through it to the biceps femoris muscle of the upper leg);
and they attach to the posterior superior iliac spines, the iliac crests, and the
sacroiliac ligaments (see figure 2.8, page 23). In the thoracic region, fibers of
the serratus posterior inferior are continuous with the TLF (figure 3.2).

Thoracolumbar Fascia Mechanism

In addition to its passive role, the TLF has two further capacities that in-
volve muscle contraction. The transversus abdominis, through its attach-
ment to the lateral raphe, pulls on the TLF. Although both attach to the
lateral raphe (figure 3.3), the deep laminae of the TLF angle upward, while
 Transversus
Psoas abdominis

CD Anterior layer
@ Middle layer Erector spinae

@ Posterior layer

Figure 3.1 Cross section of trunk showing thoracolumbar fascia (TLF).

Trapezius
Serratus posterior
Latissimus inferior (beneath
dorsi latissimus dorsi)

Internal oblique External

and transversus oblique
abdominis

Gluteus
maximus

Figure 3.2 Muscle attachments into the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF).

46
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine. 47

Superficial lamina
ofTLF
Lateral raphe

Figure 3.3 The thoracolumbar fascia mechanism. Through its attachment

to the lateral raphe, the transversus abdominis pulls on the TLF.The angula-
tion of both the deep and superficial layers of the TLF creates a net force that
tends to approximate the vertebrae.

the superficial laminae angle downward. As the transversus abdominis

contracts and pulls on the lateral raphe, the deep and superficial fibers of
the TLF pull laterally for the most part, although some force is transmit-
ted along the length of the TLF.
Originally, this approximating force was calculated as 57% of the force
applied to the lateral raphe (Macintosh and Bogduk 1987), an increase in
force termed the "gain" of the TLF (Gracovetsky et al. 1985). However,
more detailed anatomical investigation has revealed that the torque cre-
ated by contraction of transversus abdominis onto the TLF is between 3.9
and 5.9 N . m-compared to that from the back extensors of 250-280 N . m
(Macintosh et al. 1987). Rather than actively extending the spine through
the approximating force represented by "gain," then, the primary impor-
tance of the TLF seems to be providing passive resistance to flexion.

Thoracolumbar Fascia as Hydraulic Amplifier

The TLF exerts an even greater stabilizing effect through its role in the so-
called hydraulic amplifier effect (Gracovetsky et al. 1977). The posterior
layer of the TLF is retinacular tissue (i.e., very strong reinforcing connective
tissue) that envelops the erector spinae. As the erector spinae contract, the
TLF resists the expansion of the bellies of the shortening muscles by in-
creasing tension in the fascia. Some believe that the predominant antiflexion
effect of the TLF occurs via this hydraulic amplifier effect rather than by
48 . Back Stability

its pull on the transversus abdominis (Macintosh et al. 1987). Restriction

of the radial expansion of the erector spinae by the TLF has been shown to
increase the stress generated by these muscles by as much as 30% (Hukins
et al. 1990).

Thoracolumbar Fascia Coupling

and the Sacroiliac Joint
A combination of form closure and force closure stabilizes the sacroiliac
joint (51])(Vleeming et al. 1990). Form closure arises from the anatomical
alignment of the bones of the ilium and sacrum, where the sacrum forms
a kind of keystone between the wings of the pelvis (Norris 1998). Force
closure results from muscles pulling laterally onto fascia and ligaments
that pass over the joint. The combination of form and force closure cre-
ates a very useful self-locking mechanism within the 51J. Any activity
that weakens these forms of closure can create pathological symptoms in
the 51J.
Nutation (see table 2.2 on page 24) tensions the 51Jligaments, pulling
the posterior parts of the iliac bones together and increasing 51Jcompres-
sion. Two ligaments are of special importance to self locking-the sacrotu-
berous ligament connecting the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, and the
long dorsal sacroiliacligament from the third and fourth sacral segments to
the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS). Both ligaments blend over the
posterolateral aspect of the sacrum to form an expansion approximately
20 mm wide and 60 mm long. The ligaments attach to the posterior layer
of the TLF and to the aponeurosis of the erector spinae. Nutation tensions
the sacrotuberous ligament, while counternutation tensions the long dor-
sal sacroiliac (51)ligament. The 51 ligament is tensioned by contraction of
the biceps femoris and of the gluteus maximus.
Force closure of the 51] opens the possibility of treating 51Jlesions with
exercise therapy either passively (automobilization) or actively through
contraction of the biceps femoris, gluteus maxim us, latissimus dorsi, or
erector spine. Clearly, if muscle affects the 51J, as has been shown by
Vleeming's work (Vleeming et al. 1995a), training these muscles could
improve 51Jfunctions. Moreover, any muscle that tensions the TLF should
also affect force closure of the 51J.
When the erector spinae contract, they pull the sacrum forward-
inducing nutation of the 51]and tensing the interosseous and sacrotuber-
ous ligaments. The iliac portion of the muscle tends to pull the cranial
aspect of the 51Jtogether, whereas the action of nutation pulls the caudal
aspect apart. The gluteus maxim us can compress the 51Jdirectly and indi-
rectly through its attachment to the sacrotuberous ligament. This occurs
particularly when the gluteus maximus contracts with the contralateral
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine . 49

latissimus dorsi and both muscles tension the TLF, whose fibers join the
two muscles. Tension in the sacrotuberous ligament is increased by
tensioning the long head of biceps femoris. This occurs most noticeably in
a flexed trunk or stooped position, in which the sacrotuberous ligament is
also tensioned by the sacral portion of the erector spinae and the gluteus
maxim us.
51] pain frequently occurs during and after pregnancy, when laxness of
the 51] ligaments reduces form closure of the joints. Female gymnasts ex-
perience similar problems: the inherent hyperflexibility of gymnastics
generally increases the laxity of the pelvic ligaments, reducing the form
closure that they produce. The increased muscular stability resulting from
the muscular demands of the sport is compensated for by the laxness, as
long as the women continue their activity. When their muscle strength
declines after they stop practicing the sport, the 51] is left unstable and
open to pathology. SI] pain of this type is often helped by using a pelvic
belt; it may also be helped by improving force closure of the 51] by using
stabilization techniques for the lumbar spine and enhancing gluteal muscle
strength using the hip hinge action (see page 77).

KEY POINT: Specific exercise can improve stability of the

sacroiliac joint by restoring the natural mechanisms of form
closure and force closure.

TRUNK MUSCLE ACTION

Facilitating co-contraction of the muscles surrounding the lumbar spine-
including the erector spinae, transversus abdominis, multifidus, and the
oblique abdominals-may enhance spinal stability (Richardson et al. 1990).

Spinal Extensor Muscles

The spinal extensors may be broadly categorized into superficial muscles
(the erector spinae) that travel the length of the lumbar spine and attach
to the sacrum and pelvis, and deep, or intersegmental (unisegmental)
muscles (multifidi, interspinales, and intertransversarii) that span the
spaces between the individual lumbar segments.
The intersegmental muscles, being more deeply placed, are closer to the
center of rotation of the spine and have a shorter lever arm than the super-
ficial muscles. However, their closeness to the center of rotation means
that the change in length of intersegmental muscles is less for any given
change in the spine's angular position; and the muscles' shorter length
gives them a faster reaction time, creating a smoother and more efficient
stabilizing control system (Panjabi et al. 1989). The intersegmental nature
so . Back Stability

of these muscles also means that they are able to "fine tune" the spinal
movements by acting on individual lumbar segments rather than the whole
spine (Aspden 1992).
Being larger in size and further from the center of rotation, the superfi-
cial muscles are better placed to create gross sagittal rotation movements,
while the intersegmental muscles are of greater importance to spinal sta-
bility (Panjabi et al. 1989). Furthermore, because the smaller intersegmen-
tal muscles have about seven times the number of muscle spindles (Bastide
et al. 1989) than the larger muscles have, they have a greater propriocep-
tive role (see following discussion).
Deep (Intersegmental) Muscles
Of the deeply placed intersegmental muscles, the multifidus is most im-
portant for lumbar stability. The fibers of multifidus are arranged seg-
mentally, and each fascicle of a given vertebra has a separate innervation
by the medial branch of the dorsal ramus
of the vertebra below (Macintosh and
L1 Bogduk 1986). The primary function of
each multifidus fascicle may be to control
L2
lordosis at its particular vertebral level and
to independently counteract any imposed
L3 loading (Aspden 1992). The action of the
multifidus can be resolved into a small
horizontal and very much larger vertical
L4
component (figure 3.4), which (as is clear
when viewed from the side) acts at 90° to
L5 the spinous processes. This configuration
enables multifidus to produce posterior
sagittal rotation (rocking) of the lumbar
vertebrae (Macintosh and Bogduk 1986).
This action neutralizes spinal flexion
Sacrum caused as a secondary action when the
oblique abdominals produce spinal rota-
tion. Because the line of action of the long
fascicles of multifidus lies behind the lum-
COCCyxL bar spine, the muscle also increases lum-
Figure 3.4 Lateral view show- bar lordosis. Multifidus is active through
ing the line of action of multifi- the whole range of flexion, during rota-
dus, with its vertical alignment. tion in either direction, and during exten-
Adapted, by permission, from J.K. sion movements of the hip (Valencia and
Loudon, 5.L. Bell,andJ,M.Johnston, Munro 1985). Posterior sagittal rotation
J 998, The clinical orthopedic as-
sessment guide (Champaign, IL: occurs during all flexion movements, in
Human Kinetics), 54. order to resist the anterior sagittal rotation
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine . 51

that naturally accompanies flexion. The importance of multifidus in pro-

ducing this action is therefore essential to stability of the lumbar spine in
normal movements.
Panjabi's (1992) description of instability (as a reduction in stiffness
within the neutral zone of the lumbar spine) is particularly relevant to
multifidus function. Multifidus is a muscle well positioned to enhance
segmental stiffness in the neutral zone and contributes nearly 70% of the
stiffness resulting from muscle contraction (Wilke et al. 1995).
Real-time ultrasound imaging has revealed marked asymmetry of the
multifidus in patients with low back pain (Hides et al. 1994). Cross-
sectional area (CSA) of the multifidus was markedly reduced on the ipsi-
lateral side to symptoms, the site of reduction corresponding to the level
of lumbar lesion as assessed by manual therapy palpation. The muscle
also showed a rounder shape, suggesting muscle spasm. The suggested
mechanism for the CSA reduction was by inhibition through perceived
pain via a long loop reflex. The level of vertebral pathology may have
been targeted to protect the damaged tissues from movement. The authors
suggested that the rapid muscle wasting (less than 14 days in 20 of the 26
patients studied) may have resulted from spasm-induced reduction in cir-
culation to the muscle.
In addition to changes in muscle bulk, Biedermann et al. (1991) observed
altered fiber types in the multifidus of low back pain (LBP) patients;
patients who tended to decrease their physical and social activities as a
result of LBP showed a reduced ratio of slow twitch to fast twitch muscle
fibers. This could be the muscle's adaptive response to changes in func-
tional demand placed on it, and/ or the injury may have caused a shift in
recruitment patterns of motor units of the paraspinal muscles, with the
fast twitch motor units being recruited before the slow twitch units. Patho-
logic changes in the multifidus following low back pain include a moth-
eaten appearance of type I fibers (Hides et al. 1996) and an increase in
fatty deposits (Parkkola et al. 1993).
Recovery of multifidus function following low back pain does not occur
automatically following the resolution of pain and resumption of normal
daily activity. In a study comparing medical treatment alone (1-3 days'
bed rest, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory medication) with medical treat-
ment plus specific exercise therapy to the multifidus, Hides et al. (1996)
showed that multifidus activity could be retrained. Subjects who had ex-
perienced first-episode acute low back pain showed an average of 24%
reduction in CSA to the multifidus on the painful side. The difference be-
tween painful and painless sides changed from nearly 17% after 4 weeks
to 14% after 10 weeks in those subjects receiving medical treatment alone.
For those who received additional exercise therapy, however, the mean
values were 0.7% at 4 weeks dropping to 0.24% after 10 weeks (figure 3.5).
S2 . Back Stability

30 No exercise
25 therapy

% difference in
20 ----- Exercise
therapy
cross-sectional area 15
between sides
10
5
o
o 2 3 4
Weeks
Figure 3.5 Ultrasound imaging results of multifidus muscle recovery.
Reprinted from Hides et al. 1996.

~ Low back pain leads to reduced cross-sectional

area in the multifidus muscle. As the pain reduces, recovery is
not automatic-rehabilitation is required.

Superficial Muscles
The lumbar erector spinae consists of two muscles: the iliocostalis and
the longissimus (figure 3.6). Each of these muscles has two components
arising from both the thoracic and lumbar spine. Functionally, therefore,
the erector spinae can be considered in four distinct groups: lumbar long-
issimus, lumbar iliocostalis, thoracic longissimus, and thoracic iliocosta-
lis (Macintosh and Bogduk 1987).
The force produced by the lumbar longissimus can be resolved into a large
vertical vector and a smaller horizontal vector (figure 3.7). However, the fas-
cicle attachments are
closer to the axis of
Iliocostalis thoracis sagittal rotation than
those of multifidus, so
Longissimus thoracis
their effect on poste-
Serratus rior sagittal rotation is
posterior inferior less. Because the hori-
zontal vectors of lum-
Iliocostalis lumborum
bar longissimus are
Longissimus lumborum directed backward,
the muscle is able to
Quadratus lumborum draw the vertebrae
backward into poste-
rior translation and
Figure 3.6 Muscles of the back. restore the anterior
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine. 53

translation that occurs with lumbar flexion.

l1 The upper lumbar fascicles are better
equipped to facilitate posterior sagittal ro-
l2 tation, whereas the lower levels are better
suited to resist anterior translation.
l3
The lumbar iliocostalis has a similar
action to that of the lumbar longissimus.
In addition, the muscle cooperates with
l4 multifidus to neutralize flexion caused
when the abdominals rotate the trunk.
l5
The thoracic longissimus can indirectly
increase lumbar lordosis via its effect on
the aponeurosis of the erector spinae. It
also indirectly laterally flexes the lumbar
spine through its lateral flexion of the tho-
racic spine.
Sacrum The thoracic iliocostalis attaches not to
the lumbar vertebrae but to the iliac crest.
On contraction, these fascicles increase lor-
Coccyx~ dosis; through their additional leverage
from the ribs, they indirectly laterally flex
Figure 3.7 lateral view of the
the lumbar spine. During contralateral
lumbar spine, showing the line
of the lumbar iliocostalis and rotation, the ribs separate, stretching the
lumbar longissimus, and their thoracic iliocostalis which can therefore act
more oblique orientation. Note as a limiting factor to this movement. On
the greater horizontal force contraction, the thoracic iliocostalis will
vector (H) and smaller verical de-rotate the rib cage and lumbar spine
force vector (V) of the lower fi-
bers of these muscles. from a position of contralateral rotation.
Adapted, by permission, from J.K. It is probably the endurance rather than
Loudon,S.L.Bell,andJ,M.Johnston, the strength of the erector spinae that is
199B, The clinical orthopedic as- important to LBP rehabilitation. Endur-
sessment guide (Champaign, IL: ance has been used as a predictor for sus-
Human Kinetics), 54.
ceptibility to LBP (Beiring-Sorensen 1984).
Moreover, subjects with a history of LBP may have reduced endurance of
the back extensors compared to normal subjects, but similar strength
Gorgensen and Nicolaisen 1987). As fatigue increases, subjects with LBP
show reduced precision and control of trunk movements. Loss of torque
from the trunk muscles in these subjects is relatively less than the loss of
control and precision (Pamianpour et al. 1988), indicating that a rehabili-
tation program should include restoration of endurance for the spinal ex-
tensors. Selective recruitment of the torque-producing superficial muscles
from the stabilizing deep muscles is also important for rehabilitation of
active lumbar stabilization (Ng and Richardson 1994).
54 . Back Stability

The quadratus lumborum (figure 3.6) can be an important back stabi-

lizer in certain circumstances (McGill et al. 1996). The muscle lies deeper
than the erector spinae and has medial and lateral fibers. The medial
fibers connect the lumbar transverse processes to the ilium and iliolum-
bar ligament or the 12th rib, while the lateral fibers directly connect the
ilium and iliolumbar ligament and 12th rib (Bogduk and Twomey 1991).
The quadratus lumborum has a small extensor torque and a larger lat-
eral flexion torque and is able to stabilize the lumbar spine via its seg-
mental attachments (McGill et al. 1996). EMG with fine wire electrodes
has shown the muscle to be more active during lateral bending than
during extension and especially active in upright standing and unilat-
eral carrying (McGill et al. 1996). Side-support actions shift some of the
loading of the muscles from the discs and facet joints of the lumbar spine
to the side (McGill 1998). This role of the quadratus lumborum as a po-
tential stabilizer of the lumbar spine expands the traditionally recog-
nized role of the muscle as a prime mover of side flexion and as an
auxiliary muscle of respiration.

The Iliopsoas
The iliopsoas (figure 3.8) consists of the separate psoas and iliacus muscles.
The psoas major arises from the vertebral bodies and discs of the lumbar
and 12th thoracic vertebrae and
from their transverse processes.
The muscle passes downward
and laterally, beneath the in-
guinalligament, to blend with
Psoas the fibers of iliacus and then to
attach onto the posterior aspect
of the lesser trochanter of the
femur. The iliacus is a large tri-
Iliacus angular muscle on the anterior
aspect of the pelvis. It arises
primarily from the upper and
posterior portions of the iliac
fossa, but some fibers have
been found on the sacrum and
anterior sacroiliac ligament
(Palastanga et al. 1994). The fi-
bers from iliacus pass down-
ward and medially to blend
with those of psoas major and
attach into the lesser trochanter,
Figure 3.8 The iliopsoas muscle, compris- a few fibers merging with the
ing the psoas and the iliacus, anterior view. joint capsule.
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine. 55

The iliopsoas flexes the hip; with the hip fixed, it anteriorly tilts the pel-
vis and flexes the lumbar spine. Although these actions are minimal, the
psoas major extends the upper lumbar spine and flexes the lower lumbar
spine (Bogduk et al. 1992); far more important is its production of com-
pression and shear forces over the lumbar spine. The individual fascicles
of psoas spiral anteromedially and are all of similar lengths. The lines of
action of these fascicles run very close to the axis of rotation of the lumbar
spine, giving the muscle fascicles very small torque arms and reducing the
muscle's ability to flex the trunk on the stationary hip. However, the com-
pression and shear forces created by the psoas on the lumbar spine are
considerable and may even equal full trunk weight. The shearing force
exerted on 15-51 by maximum contraction of a single psoas muscle is nearly
twice that exerted on this joint by trunk weight in normal upright standing
(Bogduk et al. 1992). Because the two components of iliopsoas have a sepa-
rate innervation (psoas from the anterior rami and Ll-3, and iliacus from
the femoral nerve), they can be activated separately. In a study using fine
wire electrodes guided by high-resolution ultrasound, Andersson et al.
(1995) showed selective recruitment of iliacus during contralateral leg ex-
tension from single-leg standing. No postural activity was seen in either
muscle during relaxed standing or with the whole trunk flexed to 30°. When
the contralateral hand was loaded (34-kg weight), psoas was active but
iliacus was electrically silent. During sitting with a straight back, psoas
was active but iliacus relatively silent; while in relaxed sitting, both muscles
were inactive. Both muscles showed moderate activity when subjects sat
with an anteriorly tilted pelvis and an increased lordosis. During abdomi-
nal exercise, both muscles were active during straight-leg sit-ups-with
even higher activity during sit-ups with the knees and hips flexed to 90°
(crunch position). However, little activity was seen when subjects performed
trunk curls from the crunch position. During straight-leg raising, both
muscles were active when the ipsilateral leg was lifted; both were inactive
when the contralateral leg lifted (table 3.1).

Abdominal Muscles
The abdominal muscle group consists of four muscles, divided into two
groups. The deep (anterolateral) abdominals are transversus abdominis
and internal oblique; the superficial (front) abdominals are the rectus
abdominis and external oblique.
Anatomy of the Superficial Abdominals
The rectus abdominis (figure 3.9) is positioned vertically at the front of
the abdomen. It attaches from the symphasis pubis and pubic crest and
runs to the xiphoid process and 5/6/7th ribs, being broader superiorly.
The lateral border (semilunaris) can be seen in lean subjects, as can the
central separation between the two muscles, the linea alba. Of the three
"
.'0;
~ ,.

.!~
""15,,
56 .")f ck Stability

. f .}''i
e 3.1 Psoas and Iliacus Activity Measured on EMG
s a Percentage
.
0 f Maximum
Starting position Psoas % Iliacus %
Single-leg standing 0 0
Same. leg flexion (90") 99 99
Opposite-leg extension (30") 0 26
Same-leg abduction 36 S6
Standing 0 0
Standing with trunk flexed to 300 0 0
Standing opposite hand loaded 11 0
Sitting with straight back 9 4
Relaxed sitting 0 0
Sitting, hyperlordosis and pelvic tilt 17 22
Sit-up, straight legs 52 42
Sit-up, legs 4S0 to floor 88 60
Trunk curl, legs straight 0 0
Trunk curl, legs 900 (end range) 4 0
Straight-leg. raising (bilateral) 59 58
Data from Andersson et al. 1995.

noticeable tendinous intersections of this muscle, one is level with the

umbilicus, one is level with the xiphoid, and one is midway between the
two. Each rectus muscle is enclosed within a fibrous sheath (the rectus
sheath) formed from the aponeuroses of the internal and external oblique
muscles and of the transversus abdominis. These aponeuroses join cen-
trally to form the linea alba. The rectus sheath changes at a level midway
between the pubic symphasis and the umbilicus. In the upper area of the
muscle, above this point, the aponeurosis of internal oblique splits into
two, one part passing behind the rectus and the other in front. The apo-
neurosis of transversus abdominis fuses with the posterior portion of the
sheath, while the aponeurosis of external oblique fuses with the anterior
sheath. In the lower portion of the muscle (below the midpoint between
the pubis and umbilicus), the oblique abdominal and transversus
abdominis aponeuroses pass in front of the rectus, and as a result the rec-
tus is less visible in this region (Palastanga et al. 1994).
The external oblique (figure 3.9) is positioned on the anterolateral as-
pect of the abdomen, with its fibers running downward and medially. It
attaches from the outer borders of the lower eight ribs (and their costal
cartilages) and then passes toward the midline. The muscle interdigitates
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine' 57

Serratus anterior
muscle

Rectus sheath

Linea alba

External oblique
muscle (cut away)

Inguinal ligament

Figure 3.9 Muscles of the abdomen I (intermediate dissection).

with the serratus anterior (above) and latissimus dorsi (below). The lat-
eral fibers are almost vertical and attach to the iliac crest, while the medial
fibers attach into the rectus sheath. The lower border of the muscle apo-
neurosis passes between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac
spine to form the inguinal ligament.
Anatomy of the Deep Abdominals
The internal oblique (figure 3.9) is deep to the external oblique and at-
taches from the lateral two-thirds of the inguinal ligament and the ante-
rior two-thirds of the iliac crest. It also takes attachment from the thora-
columbar fascia. The fibers fan outward and upward (the posterior fibers
being almost vertical) to attach to the inferior borders of the lower four
ribs. The anterior fibers pass medially to help form the rectus sheath (fig-
ure 3.10). The portion of the muscle that attaches to the inguinal ligament
joins its neighboring fibers from transversus abdominis to form the con-
joint tendon.
The transversus abdominis (figure 3.10) is the deepest of the sheet-like
abdominal muscles and attaches from the lateral third of the inguinalliga-
ment and the anterior two-thirds of the inner lip of the iliac crest (Palastanga
et aI. 1994). In addition, it has an attachment from the thoracolumbar fas-
cia (where it merges with internal oblique to form the lateral raphe) and
58 . Back Stability

Anterior layer of
rectus sheath

Transversus
abdominis
muscle (cut)

Transversalis
fascia

Figure 3.10 Muscles of the abdomen II (deep dissection).

from the lower six ribs, where it interdigitates with the diaphragm. Its
fibers pass horizontally to merge into the rectus sheath (figure 3.11), with
the lower fibers attaching to the inguinal ligament and merging with the
fibers of the internal oblique to form the conjoint tendon. The lower part
of the transversus abdominis forms into the transversalis fascia in which
lies the deep inguinal ring.
Functions of the Abdominals
The rectus abdominis and lateral fibers of external oblique are the prime
movers of trunk flexion; the internal oblique and transversus abdominis
are the major stabilizers (Miller and Medeiros 1987). The rectus and exter-
nal oblique are superficial muscles that often dominate trunk actions. The
transversus and internal oblique are more deeply placed, and patients
often are unable to contract them voluntarily.
The rectus abdominis flexes the trunk by approximating the pel-
vis and rib cage. EMG investigation has shown that trunk flexion
emphasizes the supraumbilical portion, whereas posterior pelvic tilt
shows greater activity in the infra umbilical portion (Guimaraes et a1.
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine. 59

1991; Lipetz and

Skin
Cutin 1970).Abdomi-
nal hollowing acti-
vates the internal ob-
lique and transversus
muscles (Richardson
Transversalis fascia
Rectus abdominis muscle et al. 1992), and the
transversus acts at the
Figure 3.11 Cross section of the rectus sheath.
initiation of move-
ment to stabilize the
trunk in overhead and lower-limb actions (Hodges and Richardson
1996).
In resisted actions such as sport or lifting, the abdominal muscles essen-
tially function to stabilize the trunk and provide a firm base of support for
the arms and legs to work against. If stability is poor (in relation to total
power of the subject), some of the energy of the limb actions can displace
the pelvis and trunk instead of providing the desired limb movement.
Compare what would happen if a baseball batter wearing sneakers were
standing on ice when he connected with the ball, rather than having his
feet dug into firm ground-much of the energy of the swing would be
lost, and his body would twist awkwardly. In the same way, if trunk sta-
bility is poor, limb power suffers and additional stress is placed on the
spinal tissues if they move to full end range.
Consider an overhead lifting action performed with an unstable spine
(figure 3.12, a and b): if the pelvis tilts forward, lumbar lordosis increases
and the abdominal muscles overstretch as the lumbar spine moves into full
extension (see page 34). In this case, what trunk stability is present comes
from facet joint approximation and elastic recoil of noncontractile tissues
(passive stability) rather than from
muscle action (active stability) (see
a b
Figure 3.12 Trunk stability in
overhead lifting: (a) active stabil-
ity of the trunk through tight
abdominals and level pelvis. re-
sulting in reduced stress on lum-
I bar tissues; (b) passive stability of
I the trunk through lax abdominals
~ L- and tilted pelvis, resulting in in-
\ creased stress on lumbar tissues.
From C. Norris, 199B, Diagnosis and
management, 2d ed. (Oxford: Butter-
worth Heinemann), 175. Reprinted by
permission of Butterworth Heinemann
Publishers, a division of Reed Educa-
tional & Professional Publishing Ltd.
60 . Back Stability

page 30). The fundamental key to safe and effective abdominal training in
sport is to train for trunk stability before training for trunk muscle perfor-
mance. In this way, the exercises are performed on a spine made stable by
muscle rather than placing excessive stress on spinal joints before muscle
stability has had time to build up.

KEY POINT: -stability forriiS1he -foundation o(ili"irunk-

exercise. Individuals should train for trunk stability before
[ !,!:a,!!1ing
for muscle perform~nce. _

Patterns of Coordination Among the Abdominals

During Spinal Movement
In terms of spinal stabilization, the contraction speed of the abdomina Is is
more critical than their strength when they react to a force tending to dis-
place the lumbar spine (Saal and SaaI1989). Moreover, the ability of a pa-
tient to dissociate deep abdominal function from that of the superficial
abdominals is important, and the key to lumbar stabilization appears to be
the ratio rather than the intensity of muscle activity. Abdominal hollowing
(rather than a sit-up movement) works the transversus abdominis and in-
ternal oblique (not the rectus abdominis and the external oblique) (Richardson
et aI. 1992). Patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) are poorer at using
the internal oblique than the rectus abdominis and external oblique, reflect-
ing a shift in the pattern of motor activity (O'Sullivan et aI. 1997).As CLBP
patients attempt an abdominal hollowing action, they tend to substitute the
superficial muscles that override the deep abdominals. When expressed as
a ratio of internal oblique over rectus abdominis (IO/RA), the value from
the control group (non-LBP) was 8.74 while the CLBP group had a ratio of
only 2.41-indicating a much larger proportional contribution to hollowing
by the internal oblique in the control group (figure 3.13). Pain inhibition in

ero
0.9
0.8
. Rectus
abdominis
(!)
~
0.7 o Internal
WI/)5- 0.6 oblique
Q) c: 0.5
g m 0.4
'§!: 0.3
C/)~
0.2
0.1
o
Control CLBP
Figure 3.13 Abdominal muscle activation in chronic low back pain (CLBP).
Data from O'Sullivan et al. 1997.
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine . 61

the subjects with CLBPmay have led to altered muscle recruitment and com-
pensatory strategies (O'Sullivan et al. 1997).
EMG measurements of trunk muscles have shown that the muscles do
not simply work as prime movers of the spine but show antagonistic
activity during various movements. The oblique abdomina Is are more
active than predicted, to help stabilize the trunk. In a study by Zetterberg
et al. (1987), subjects' abdominal muscle activities during maximum trunk
extension ranged from 32% to 68% of their longissimus activities. As would
be expected, the ipsilateral muscles showed maximum activity in resisted
lateral flexion-but the contralateral muscles were also active at about 10-
20% of the maximum values.
The coordinated patterns among the abdominal muscles are task-
specific. But the only muscle that is active in all patterns is the transver-
sus abdominis. During maximum voluntary isometric trunk extension,
transversus abdominis is the only one of the abdominal muscles to show
marked activity. It is also the muscle most consistently related to changes
in intra-abdominal pressure (lAP) (Cresswell et al. 1992). The transver-
sus abdominis not only contracts whenever the trunk moves in any
direction-its activity always precedes the contraction of the other trunk
muscles in the normal (non-LBP) subject (Cresswell et al. 1994).

KEY POINT: Transversus abdominis is the only abdominal

muscle to be active in trunk movements in all directions. Its
activity always precedes that of the other abdominal muscles
in normal subjects.

When people engage in repeated movements, their bodies anticipate

the predictable load and the muscles brace themselves accordingly. Us-
ing fine wire electrodes, Hodges and Richardson (1996) assessed ab-
dominal muscle action during 10 repetitions of shoulder flexion, exten-
sion, and abduction. They found that transversus abdominis contracted
before the shoulder muscles by as much as 38.9 milliseconds. The reac-
tion time for the deltoid was on average 188 msec, with the abdominal
muscles (except transversus) following the deltoid contraction by 9.84
msec. With subjects who had a history of low back pain, however, the
contraction of the transversus failed to precede that of the deltoid, indi-
cating that the subjects had lost the anticipatory nature of stability (figure
3.14). These highly significant data reveal a uniform dysfunction in the
motor control of transversus abdominis in people with low back pain-
the problem is not simply one of muscle strength. It appears that the
anticipatory nature of transversus may be lost in those with low back
pain, leaving open the possibility that this mechanism may be redevel-
oped therapeutically.
62 . Back Stability

Controls Subjects with back pain

150
~
(!) en 100
::E5-
LJ.J"' 50
~f,j 0
~ ~
~8.:. -50
-100
-150
.
D
Flexion
Abduction
o Extension

Figure 3.14 Activity of transversus abdominis muscle during shoulder move-

ments. Note that subjects with back pain had a longer transversus reaction
time. Point 0 represents the onset of shoulder movement.

KEY POINT: Patients With chronic low back pain exhibit a

motor control deficit (alteration in muscle reaction timing and
anticipatory bracing) in the transversus abdominis.

A number of authors have highlighted contraction of the abdominal

muscles before the initiation of limb movement as an example of a feed-
forward postural reaction (Friedli et al. 1984; Aruin and Latach 1995). In
these cases, as would be expected, the erector spinae and the external ob-
lique contract before arm flexion, while the rectus abdominis contracts
before arm extension. In each case, the trunk muscles act to limit the reac-
tive body movement toward the moving limb. Contraction of the trans-
versus before the other abdominal muscle has been described by Cresswell
et al. (1994) in response to trunk movements, but anticipatory contraction
during limb movements is a newer finding. The transversus abdominis
seems to be contracting during posture not simply to bring the body back
closer to the posture line but to increase the stiffness of the lumbar region
and enhance stability (Hodges et al. 1996).

INTRA.ABDOMINAL PRESSURE MECHANISM

Intra-abdominal pressure (lAP) is sometimes described as intratruncal pres-
sure (Watkins 1999), although the latter term includes both intra-abdominal
and intrathoracic pressure. Intrathoracic pressure is created during inspira-
tion by expanding the lungs within the ribcage to coincide with a lift or
other effort. Although intrathoracic pressure can be useful in competitive
sport, I do not emphasize it within this text because the rather complex
coordination between it and abdominal hollowing (described later) makes
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine . 63

it unsuitable for most rehabilitation programs. Timing inspiration with ef-

fort, moreover, can lead to use of the Valsalva maneuver where the breath is
held to maintain increased intrathoracic pressure. If done during exercise,
the Valsalva can raise blood pressure to dangerous levels (Linsenbardt et
al. 1992), an inappropriate situation given the poor health status of many
individuals with back pain.
lAP involves synchronous contraction of the abdominal muscles, the
diaphragm, and the muscles of the pelvic floor. The deep abdominals (trans-
versus abdominis and internal oblique) are the more important of the ab-
dominal muscle groups in this respect since they are visceral compressors
rather than flexors. Although they have no name for it, most people expe-
rience lAP in everyday life-as, for example, when the muscles contract
reflexively to defend the abdomen from a direct blow. The theoretical basis
for the lAP mechanism is that pressure within the abdomen, acting against
the pelvis and diaphragm, provides additional extensor torque to the spine
(figure 3.15)-moreover, the "inflated balloon" acts on a torque arm that is
as much as three times greater than that of the erector spinae.
KEY POINT: Intra-abdominal pressure is created by synchro-
j
nous contraction of the abdominal muscles, the diaphragm,
and th~_muscles of the pelvic floor.

Contraction of the transversus abdominis and the internal oblique in-

creases lAP, providing the glottis is closed. Imagine the trunk as a cylin-
der. The top of the cylinder is formed by the diaphragm, the bottom the
pelvic floor, and the walls the deep abdominals (transversus and internal
oblique). As the abdominal wall is pulled in and up, the walls of the cylin-
der are effectively pulled in. If a deep
breath is taken, the diaphragm is lowered,
compressing the cylinder from the top.
Providing the pelvic floor (the bottom of
the cylinder) is intact, the cylinder is "pres-
surized" and made more solid. In this way,
it is able to resist any bending stress ap-
plied to it.
The lAP is greater if the breath is held
following a deep inspiration (Valsalva
maneuver) as the diaphragm is lower and
the comparative size of the abdominal
cavity (the cylinder) is reduced. During

Figure 3.15 Intra-abdominal pressure mechanism. Pressure within the ab-

domen acting against the pelvis and diaphragm provides additional extensor
torque to the spine.
64 . Back Stability

lifting, the pelvic floor muscles (the floor of the cylinder) contract to main-
tain pelvic integrity and prevent urination. The Valsalva maneuver is there-
fore appropriate in heavy lifting as long as it occurs only briefly. It must
be borne in mind, however, that the blood pressure changes may not be
desirable in subjects with poor cardiopulmonary health. Heavy lifting for
this group is, therefore, not recommended.
Making the trunk into a more solid cylinder reduces axial compression
and shear loads and transmits loads over a wider area (Twomey and Tay-
lor 1987). lAP may also help to protect the spine from excessive indirect
loads (those not acting directly on the spine but through limb loading),
with the muscles acting to involuntarily fix the rib cage. lAP is greater
when heavy lifts are performed and when the lift is rapid (Davis and Troup
1964).
Abdominal muscle strength affects lAP-strong athletes can produce
very large lAP values (Harman et al. 1988). Yet strengthening the abdomi-
nal muscles with movements such as sit-ups does not permanently in-
crease lAP (Hemborg et al. 1983)since these exercises usually do not mimic
the coordination among abdominal muscles that is inherent in the lAP
mechanism (Oliver and Middleditch 1991). Investigating the effect of ab-
dominal muscle training on lAp, Hemborg et al. (1985)used isometric trunk
curl and twist exercises. Increased recruitment of motor units in the ob-
lique abdominal muscles clearly demonstrated muscle strengthening-
yet EMG activity of these muscles decreased during lifting, implying that
the subjects did not make functional use of their increased ability to re-
cruit more motor units. The differentiation between increased strength
and functional ability is an important one. If an exercise is not specific to a
task being carried out, the physiological adaptation of the musculoskel-
etal system may be inappropriate. See page 99 for more discussion of train-
ing specificity.
KEY POINT: -sit-'up exercises 'Willnot permanentlyraise intra-
.
abdominal pressure.
A number of important criticisms has been made against the lAP mecha-
nism when it has been presented as the only stabilizing process for the
spine (Bogduk and Twomey 1987). First, to fully stabilize the spine during
the lifting of heavy weights, the lAP would have to exceed the systolic
pressure within the aorta, effectively cutting off the blood flow to the vis-
cera and lower limbs. Competitive weight lifters have been known to black
out when lifting extremely heavy weight, perhaps because of very high
lAP (McGill et al. 1990).At the onset of a lift, there is an initial rapid rise in
lAP-known as the snatch pressure-that may last for less than 0.5 sec-
ond. The pressure declines during the remainder of the lift. Hemborg et
al. (1985) calculated that a peak lAP of 250 mm Hg would be required to
 Stabilization Mechanisms in the Lumbar Spine. 65

lift a 100-kg weight. Second, the muscle force required to create a suffi-
ciently high lAP is greater than the hoop pressure possible from the ab-
dominal muscles (Gracovetsky et al. 1985). Third, if the rectus abdominis
contracts to increase lAP, it produces a flexion torque that counteracts the
antiflexion effect of lAP created as the diaphragm and pelvic floor spread
apart. These criticisms of lAP have led to reexamination of its contribu-
tion to back stability. Originally, lAP was believed to reduce the compres-
sion acting on the lumbar spine by as much as 40% (Eie 1966), but more
recent studies have shown this to be only 7% (McGill et al. 1990).

KEY POINT: Inira-abdominal pressure has been estimated to

reduce the compression acting on the lumbar spine by only 7%.

Bogduk and Twomey (1991) have considered a further effect of lAP in

controlling axial rotation while lifting. Most mathematical models describe
lifting in the sagittal plane only. From the functional standpoint, however,
lifting is a multi plane activity, requiring stability to rotation as well as
flexion-extension. If the internal and external obliques contract to control
rotation, lAP may increase as a secondary effect.

SUMMARY

· The human spine is inherently unstable without its musculature.

· The interspinous and supraspinous ligaments, facet joint capsules, and
thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) together provide passive support for the spine
sufficient to balance between 24% and 55% of imposed flexion stress.
· The posterior ligamentous
through elastic recoil.
system stabilizes the spine passively and

· The TLF stabilizes the spine through three primary mechanisms: (1)
passive resistance through its connections with the transversus
abdominis muscle; (2) hydraulic amplification, as it restricts expansion
of the erector spinae; and (3) "form closure" and "force closure" of the
sacroiliac joint.
· Of the deep intersegmental
for stabilizing
muscles, the
the spine by helping
multifidus is most important
to control lordosis and for
neutralizing spinal flexion. Following lower-back injury, exercise
therapy is required to restore multifidus function.
· Of the superficial back muscles, the erector spinae are most significant
for back stabilization. It is their endurance rather than their strength

. that is particularly important.

Of the abdominal
abdominis
muscles, the internal oblique and transversus
are the major back stabilizers rather than the more
66 . Back Stability
superficial external oblique and rectus abdominis. The ratio in which
these muscles are used is more important that mere muscle strength.
· The key to effective abdominal training in sport is to train for trunk
stability before training for trunk muscle performance.
· Individuals with low back pain tend to favor the more external
abdominal muscles. Abdominal hollowing (rather than sit-ups),
however, activates the internal oblique and transversus muscles-and
since an important aim of rehabilitation is to help patients learn to
dissociate use of the deeper muscles from use of the more superficial
muscles, learning to practice abdominal hollowing is a vital part of
rehabilitation.
 PART

ITIT

Exercises for
Establishing Stabititt
Chapter 4 ("Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills") is probably the most
important chapter in this book. If you do no more than help your back
pain clients to master all the movements in that chapter, you may well
help them more than they would have been by a lifetime of standard weight
training, exercises, massages, manipulations, etc.
But teaching your clients pelvic tilt, abdominal hollowing, how to as-
sume the neutral lumbar position, and how to contract the multifidus (the
essence of chapter 4) is just the beginning. The skills described in chapter
4 get your clients to the point where you can proceed with the rest of their
treatment plans. You will want to identify and correct muscle imbalance
as it is the source of much back pain and instability. Chapter 5 ("Muscle
Imbalance") tells you how to diagnose imbalance and how to correct it.
Chapter 6 ("Basic Abdominal Muscle Training") shows you how to teach
your clients to train the abdominal muscles that most strongly affect low
back pain-and these are not just the muscles that some therapists target
when they assign "ab workouts" in order to deal with back problems.
Your clients can do abdominal crunches until they have the most beauti-
ful "six pack" on Malibu Beach and still be wracked with back pain. I
show you how to target all the important structures (and they are not all
muscles-you need to help your clients train their neurological responses
as well!).
In chapter 7 ("Posture"), I show you how to determine if your clients
have less-than-ideal posture and how to correct the different kinds of
abnormal posture that can be a major factor in low back pain.

67
 4
Teaching Your Clients
the Basic SkiDs

Before your clients can follow rigorously the programs and practices
discussed later in this book, they must have certain fundamental abilities.
This chapter will help you understand how to teach your clients these
skills.
Muscle action can stabilize the trunk effectively only if the trunk is a
solid cylinder. In chapter 3, we saw that the deep (lateral) abdominal
muscles (transversus abdominis and internal oblique) were the most im-
portant of the abdominal group for achieving this aim, whereas the mul-
tifidus is the most important of the back muscles. Our initial aim is to re-
educate these muscles to gain voluntary control over their actions.
-
KEY POINT: The back stability program begins with muscle re-
education. Before proceeding to the exercises described in
later chapters, your clients should be able to control pelvic tilt;
1
to identify and assume the neutral position of the lumbar
spine; to perform abdominal hollowing; and to voluntarily I
I contract the multifidus muscle. I
Once your clients have achieved voluntary control, they are more able
to use the muscles with minimal effort-the aim in all these exercises is
for contraction intensities of only 30-40% of maximum, which can be eas-
ily sustained. Your clients must then learn to build the endurance of the
muscles, aiming to perform 10 repetitions and hold each for 10 seconds.
They also must learn to recognize the neutral position of the lumbar spine,
to detect when the lumbar spine has moved away from this neutral posi-
tion, and to correct the position of the lumbar spine using a pelvic tilting
action.

69
70 . Back Stability

TEACHING YOUR CLIENTS

TO CONTROL PELVIC TILT
If you determine that your clients' lumbar-pelvic alignment is incorrect,
you will need to teach them how to tilt and hold their pelvises in order to
correct the misalignment. As you begin treatment, remember that for some,
touching may be a sensitive issue. Be alert for words or body language
that indicate tension in your client. Before you touch the client, explain
clearly what you are going to do and be sure that she is comfortable with
the proposed action. If not, try a different approach. With extra-sensitive
clients, by proceeding gradually, you can usually establish the trust nec-
essary to pursue the most helpful therapeutic course. Always bear in mind
that therapist-client trust is an essential ingredient for successful treat-
ment; do everything you can to establish and maintain that trust.

Segmental Control
The ability to dissociate the movement of one body segment from that of
a neighboring segment is dependent on stabilization ability and adequate
muscle length. The central requirement of segmental control as it applies
to back stability is that the pelvis be able to tilt independently of the lum-
bar spine in both frontal and sagittal planes.
The combination of movements of the hip on the pelvis and of the lumbar
spine on the pelvis increases the range of motion of this body area. The
relationship between lumbar and pelvic movement is called lumbar-pelvic
rhythm (see page 34). During forward flexion in standing, when the legs
are straight, movement of the pelvis on the hip is limited to about 90° hip
flexion. Any further movement, allowing the subject to touch the ground,
must occur at the lumbar spine. For lumbar-pelvic rhythm to function
correctly, movement of the pelvis on the hip should be equal to or greater
than movement of the lumbar spine on the pelvis. In people with a his-
tory of back pain, however, the ability to perform pelvic tilting (pelvis
moving on hip) is often lost-almost all the movement during forward
bending comes from the lumbar spine, which shows excessive flexion lax-
ity but limited, or often blocked, extension. In the lower trunk, the ability
to dissociate lumbar movement from pelvic movement is therefore impor-
tant, and correction of faulty lumbar-pelvic rhythm is vital.
KEY POINT: ThecibTlitYto-dissociatemovementof'tnefumDar

't spine from movement of the pelvis is essential for the healthy
functioning of the back.
-----
1
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills. 71

Assessing Lumbar.Pelvic Dissociation

You can use a variety of exercises to assess lumbar-pelvic rhythm; you
may subsequently use the same exercises as part of the rehabilitation pro-
cess. There is no stated "goal" for each of the following exercises because
they all have basically the same goal: to allow you to assess your clients'
abilities to dissociate lumbar from pelvic movement.

Knee Raising in Standing

The subject stands at a right angle to a wall bar for support, flexing his
hip beyond 90° by raising his thigh to his chest and allowing his knee to
bend. The movement should ideally occur in three phases. Initially there
should be no pelvic or lumbar movement, with phase I consisting of hip
flexion alone (a). During phase II, the pelvis should begin to posteriorly
tilt as the hip approaches 90°. The lordosis should flatten, but the lum-
bar spine movement should not be excessive (b). In phase III, no further
hip or pelvic movement is available, and the final position is obtained
by lumbar flexion alone (c). When control of lumbar-pelvic rhythm is
poor, lumbar flexion and pelvic rotation often occur early in phase I,
with thoracic movement noticeable as the subject dips his chest down-
ward toward the knee (d).

~ ,.
,,
a c ,

When lumbar flexion occurs early in the movement, the action of knee
raising in standing can be used as a stability exercise in itself. Instruct
your client to raise his knee initially by performing 10-20° hip flexion
while maintaining stability of the lumbar-pelvic region and avoiding
any pelvic tilt. To progress the overload of the exercise, increase the range
of hip motion to 30-45° and slow the action so that the knee raise takes a
total of 10seconds.
 72 . Back Stability

Passive Assessment of Pelvic Tilt

While your client is standing, grip her be-
low the waist with your forearm placed
around the pelvic rim. Place your other
hand flat on the sacrum, and use your
shoulder to stabilize her thoracic spine.
Move your client's pelvis into anterior and
then into posterior tilt, assessing how far
you can move it in either direction. If your
client demonstrates a flatback posture, the
amount of anterior tilt will be reduced; if
she demonstrates a lordotic posture, the
corresponding amount of posterior tilt will
be limited.

Assessing Lumbar-Pelvic Rhythm in Prone Kneeling

The subject sits back toward his ankles. Again, the action should occur
in three phases. In phase I, no lumbar or pelvic movement should occur
(a); in phase II, posterior pelvic tilt and hip flexion occur (b); and in
phase III, lumbar flexion and some thoracic flexion finish the action (c).
Faulty lumbar-pelvic rhythm often shows up immediately when lum-
bar flexion and posterior pelvic tilt occur immediately (d).
..-. ._ ... .._

~, ~: ~
o
~
.~
~ t
,~ .-"..-, t .._......
o '-:'"
0
-- I.
'..
. Io .
I0
I
I
a C d: I

The Hip Hinge Movement in Standing

This activity permits you to observe your client's
ability to isolate pelvic motion from that of the
lumbar spine in the more functional position of
standing. Your first aim is to assess the client's
forward flexion since the relative contribution
of anterior pelvic tilt to this movement is im-
portant. With normal lumbar-pelvic rhythm,
unlocked knees and anterior pelvic tilt reduce
the amount of lumbar flexion required to reach
downward to below waist height, as when

continued
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills. 73

The Hip Hinge Movement in Standing, continued

standing and working at a low bench (a). Where pelvic tilt is limited,
greater lumbar flexion is required. Throughout the day, the number of
lumbar flexion movements is greatly increased, leading to accumulated
stress on the body tissues in this area (b).

Assessing Pelvic Motion Control

in the Frontal Plane: The Trendelenburg Sign
When one leg supports all
the body weight, the hip ab-
Lax
ductors (mainly gluteus me- abductor
dius) of the supporting leg muscles.......
work to prevent the pelvis Tight
from dipping (a). When these adductor
muscles are unable to hold muscles
an inner-range contraction, a b
the pelvis dips downward
toward the lifted leg, effec-
tively adducting the weightbearing limb (b). Persistent use of this ac-
tion in the swayback posture can lead to an imbalance, combining length-
ening of the hip abductors and shortening of the hip adductors.

Recognizing False Hip Abduction

In a nonweightbearing
situation, inactivity of
the gluteus medius
shows as a false hip
abduction movement.
Normally when the
upper leg is lifted
from side lying, the
pelvis remains level
and the hip moves on
this stable base (a).
When the hip abduc-
tors are weak, the sub-
ject is unable to abduct
the leg correctly (b). continued
74 . Back Stability

Recognizing False Hip Abduction, continued

Instead, his pelvis tilts laterally on the spine using the trunk side flexors,
which give the false appearance of hip abduction. Although the leg lifts,
the relationship between the femur and pelvis remains unchanged, with
close inspection showing the movement isolated to the lower spine.

Regaining Correct Lumbar.Pelvic Rhythm

The restoration of correct lumbar-pelvic rhythm is essential for the correct
functioning of this region. Rehabilitation of this mechanism begins with
your client recognizing the action of pelvic tilt and being able to maintain
the neutral lumbar spine.
Control of lumbar-pelvic rhythm is used extensively during static load-
ing of the stabilizing system covered in chapter 8 and during the rehabili-
tation of lifting in chapter 9. The following exercises will help your client
gain the essential control of pelvic tilt that is necessary for basic back sta-
bility. The last two exercises use a gym ball and will prepare your client
for the more advanced gym ball exercises described in chapter 9.

KEY POINT: The pelvic tilt mechanism-is an important key-to

movements of the lumbar-pelvic region.

Assisted Pelvic Tilting While Standing

.1'{t1~,.. For subjects who are unable to initiate a pelvic tilt.
Promote passive movement while your clients are standing by gripping
around their pelvic rim and supporting their sacrum with the flat of
your opposite hand (as in "Passive Assessment of Pelvic Tilt," page 72).
Push the pelvis into anterior tilt and then into posterior tilt, and have
your clients attempt to return to the neutral position each time (i.e., to
reproduce the passive motion) in order to enhance proprioceptive input
to this area.
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills. 75

Assisted Pelvic Tilt While Sitting

.f['7~'. For subjects who are currently unable to perform a pelvic
tilt while sitting. The action is especially useful for individu-
als whose flatback posture causes pain after prolonged
sitting.
Stand in front of your client and place a web-
bing belt around her waist. Gripping the belt,
place your hand over her sternum to prevent
upper body sway. As you pull the belt, her lum-
bar lordosis increases and her pelvis tends to
tilt anteriorly. This action is made easier if your
client sits on a wedge-in this case, the ischial
tuberosities are higher than the pubic bone, and
the pelvis is forced into anterior tilt.
Initially, most of the power comes from your
pulling on the belt, but gradually the belt pro-
vides less and less assistance as the subject
becomes able to perform the tilting action by
herself.

Assisted Pelvic Tilt From Crook Lying Position

.f['H. For subjects who are unable to perform a full active tilt by
themselves in any position.
The subject begins in the crook lying position, as for the heel slide ma-
neuver on page 106. Grip his pelvis over the pelvic rim on each side,
and push the pelvis into anterior and then posterior tilt. Encourage your
subject to visualize the effect of the tilt on the lumbar spine as the lordo-
sis is increased and reduced. Have him attempt first to follow the action
using his own musculature (abdominals and gluteals), then gradually
reduce your force in tilting the pelvis until he is performing the action
independently.
Once your client can perform the action regularly in crook lying, he
should attempt the same movements in the standing position. Begin
with passive control (you provide the force for movement), then have
your client gradually assume active control. Eventually have him per-
form pelvic tilting in a variety of starting positions including 4-point
kneeling, 2-point kneeling, sitting, and supine lying. In each case the
action of pelvic tilt is important, and the ability to reproduce the neutral
lumbar position is essential. continued
76 . Back Stability

Assisted Pelvic Tilt From Crook Lying Position, continued

Hip Hinge Action

in High (2-Point) Kneeling (Assisted)
.1'Ie1~'. Uses a pelvic tilt action to move the spine forward and
backward.
Once your subject can perform pelvic tilting
well, she should combine it with classic "hip
hinge" actions-where the trunk moves on the
hip in a hinge action, and the spine remains
straight. With your client in the 2-point kneel-
ing position, assist her in performing the pelvic
tilt. Encourage her to follow this movement
with her shoulders, keeping her spine stable and
avoiding any increase or decrease in lumbar
lordosis. She should gently draw her abdomi-
nal muscles in (hollowing, see page 85) and
maintain this minimal contraction (a feeling of
"tightness" only) throughout the movement.
The essence of this action is to angle the spine forward and backward
from the hip without flexing or extending the spine. The movement is
made easier if the subject visualizes a rod tipping forward and back-
ward from a single point (the hip) rather than a rope bending. You should
provide gentle pressure on the back of your client's shoulders to initiate
forward angulation of the spine and pressure over the front of the shoul-
der to initiate backward angulation. In each case, the spine remains
straight, and the action comes from the spine (acting as a single unit)
moving on the hip through pelvic tilting.
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills . 77

Hip Hinge (Table Support)

.f{"~,,, A progression on assisted hip hinge.
The subject stands facing a couch or
other object placed just below waist
level, with his hands on the couch sur-
face (a). With his knees unlocked to re-
lax the hamstring muscles, he performs
the hip hinge action described in the
previous exercise, using pelvic tilt and
a fully stable spine. As he leans for-
ward, he supports some of his weight
with his hands, thus reducing spinal
loading. After your client has mastered
this supported action, he should move
to the free standing position (b).

Controlled Forward Bending

.f{"~,,, Teaches segmental control of the lumbar-pelvic region as a
precursor to lifting.
Once an individual has mastered the hip hinge actions, permit him a
small degree of lumbar flexion-have him perform normal forward bend
actions, with the pelvis initiating the action and both the pelvis and lum-
bar spine contributing equally throughout the first half of the range of
motion.

Sitting Pelvic Tilt Using Gym Ball

.f{"~'" Teaches anterior-posterior pelvic tilt control.
See chapter 9 for more thorough discussion of gym
ball exercises and for more advanced exercises. The
ball used is a standard 65-cm ball. Instruct your cli-
ent to sit on the ball with her knees apart, feet flat
on the floor. Both hips and knees should be flexed
to about 90°. She should then tilt her pelvis alter-
nately in both anterior and posterior directions, mak-
ing sure that her shoulders and thoracic spine re-
main inactive. At first, she should attempt only small
continued
78 . Back Stability

Sitting Pelvic Tilt Using Gym Ball. continued

ranges of movement; as she gradually works up to larger ranges, the
ball should roll forward and backward slightly.

Sitting Lateral Tilt Using Gym Ball

.1'111.'1. Teaches lateral pelvic tilt control.
Instruct your client to sit on the ball, as in the pre-
vious exercise, and to use lateral tilting to roll the
ball from side to side, transferring the body weight
from one ischial tuberosity to the other. Again, the
shoulders should remain still throughout the action.
The aim is to control the movement throughout the
range using a smooth action and to avoid "falling
into" the end-range position.

TEACHING YOUR CLIENTS TO IDENTIFY

AND ASSUME THE NEUTRAL POSITION
Teaching clients to identify and maintain the neutral position of their lum-
bar spines is important for each stage of the back stability program since
the neutral position places minimal stress on body tissues. Lumbar neu-
tral position is midway between full flexion and full extension as brought
about by posterior and anterior tilting of the pelvis. The discs and facet
joints are minimally loaded in this position, and the soft tissues surround-
ing the lumbar spine are in elastic equilibrium. Because postural align-
ment is optimal in this position, it is generally the most effective position
from which trunk muscles can work.
In the normal (nonpathological) person, the neutral position corresponds
to lumbar alignment in an optimal posture. Individuals with suboptimal
posture may increase or reduce their pelvic tilt, causing corresponding
changes in the depth of lumbar lordosis. In either case, the neutral posi-
tion remains midway between end-range flexion and end-range exten-
sion-in cases of postural malalignment, however, part of the treatment
aim is to restore optimal posture by rebalancing the length of the surrounding
soft tissueelements.Subjects can find neutral position passively (as you
move the pelvis) or actively (subject moves her own pelvis through muscle
action).
Refer to "Optimal Posture Alignment" in chapter 7 (page 134) for more
thorough treatment of the neutral position while standing. In kneeling,
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills . 79

your subject attempts similar lumbar alignment by slightly hollowing the

lumbar spine. A flatback or excessive lordosis both mean that the subject
has moved away from the neutral position and will need to reposition by
tilting the pelvis.
With time, your clients will be able to recognize the neutral position
and maintain it as appropriate. In the early stages of the program, how-
ever, you will need to constantly remind them of their spinal alignment.
Proprioceptive exercises will help your client learn to assume neutral po-
sition at will.

Proprioception-Basic Concepts
Because proprioception is vital to the process of back stability during later
stages of rehabilitation (Norris 1998), your clients should begin appropri-
ate proprioceptive exercises at the start of their treatment programs.
Lephart and Fu (1995) define proprioception as a specialized variation of
touch encompassing the sensations of both joint movement and joint po-
sition. During acute injury, the reflexes initiated by displacement of mecha-
noreceptors and muscle spindles occurs far more rapidly than that brought
about by pain (nociception) (Barrack and Skinner 1990). Effusion (escape
of fluid) from joints contributes to a reduction in mechanoreceptor dis-
charge, resulting in inhibition of muscular contraction. This inhibition
commonly occurs in the vastus medialis (VMO) of the knee, for example,
where just 60 ml of intra-articular effusion may result in 30-50% inhibi-
tion of quadriceps contraction (Kennedy et a1. 1982). Proprioceptive defi-
cits parallel joint degeneration (Barrett et a1.1991),but it is unclear whether
this is a cause or a result of degeneration (Lephart and Fu 1995). Proprio-
ceptive exercise is useful from the early stages of rehabilitation to restore
normal functioning of the proprioceptive control of the back. And it is
nowhere more useful than in helping your clients master assuming neu-
tral position.
From a clinical standpoint, proprioception consists of three interrelat-
ing components (Beard et a1. 1994) that represent activity at spinal, brain
stem, and higher centers (Tyldesley and Grieve 1989)(table 4.1). Individuals

Table 4.1 Components of Proprioception

Level of neural system Component of proprioception controlled
Spinal Regulates muscle stiffness
Brain stem Controls static joint positioning
Higher Controls kinesthesia (movement sense)
80 . Back Stability

beginning back stability training should focus on brain stem activities,

characterized especially by static joint positioning, for they must cultivate
this ability before proceeding to more advanced training.

Static Joint Positioning

Static joint position sense helps to maintain posture and balance at the
brain stem level. Input for these actions is from joint proprioception, from
the vestibular centers in the ears, and from the eyes. Balance and postural
exercise with the eyes open or closed can enhance static joint position sense.
Reproduction of passive positioning (RPP) and reproduction of active
positioning (RAP) are exercises in which an individual tries to place a
joint back in its starting position after either active or passive movement.

Reproduction of Passive Positioning

.1'I'l'1. To teach individuals how to maintain neutral position by
improving the accuracy of body segment position.
Four-point kneeling is the best starting position for restoring RPP dur-
ing back stability training. Have your client kneel, with the lumbar spine
in neutral position. After you passively move the spine away from neu-
tral, instruct your client to place the spine back into the neutral position.
Initially, you should work with single movements from flexion back to
neutral and then extension back to neutral; then progress to combina-
tions of movements-flexion-extension and lateral flexion and then back
to neutral, for example. The aim is to increase the precision of movements
so that the individual is able to accurately reproduce the neutral posi-
tion alignment after each movement away from this starting position.
After your client has mastered RPP in the 4-point kneeling position, move
to other positions-especially those common to daily activities, such as
sitting and standing.

Reproduction of Active Positioning

.I'IIT~'. To teach individuals how to maintain neutral position by
improving the accuracy of movement.
After your client has become proficient in passive positioning, he should
initiate his own movements. Instruct him to begin in neutral position,
move away from this position using single movements, and then move
back into the neutral starting position. It sometimes works best if he
continued
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills . 81

Reproduction of Active Positioning, continued

begins RAP with a sitting or standing position-that way he can prac-
tice in front of a mirror, with his hands flat over his lower abdomen and
sacrum to monitor pelvic tilt. Eventually, he uses no mirror and per-
forms the movement without monitoring the action with his hands.
Again, use a variety of movements from several starting positions.

KEY POINT: "'.Wnen performing-exercises to'improVer~'pfoauc~':,

ion of passive or active positioning (RPP/RAP),your client
hould focu.s=, onpreci~io.n",,,-.,,,,,;,:;,,,,;'~'''A-
of movelT)~nt. ;_~;
. ". ,,;ill,
i''':,;u," '1<--'. ~'!I;>"'_'i,,::': ~I~c-;-"ii;;",~i_
-;'<;['"
'

TEACHING YOUR CLIENTS

TO USE ABDOMINAL HOLLOWING
Individuals with low back pain must re-educate their muscles by learning
to isolate the deep (lateral) abdominals from the superficial abdominals.
This requires a hollowing action of the abdomen, using the internal ob-
lique and transversus abdominis muscles (Lacote et al. 1987) rather than
the traditional lumbar flexion movements (e.g., sit-ups) that emphasize
the upper rectus (O'Sullivan et al. 1998). Before they can proceed with the
exercises described later in this book, your clients must be able to perform
abdominal hollowing well and cons-istently.
Because the concept of abdominal hollowing is probably less familiar
than other major points in this chapter, I shall devote a disproportionately
large portion of the chapter to this discussion.

Abdominal Hollowing--General Considerations

The basic process of abdominal hollowing is in theory simple and the
same in all positions: the subject pulls the belly in and up at the navel
without moving the rib cage, the pelvis, or the spine. Everything else in
this section merely elaborates on that basic action and on how you can
best help your clients to learn it well.
In comparison with mobilizer muscles (see page 92), stability muscles
are better suited to endurance (postural holding) and better recruited at
low resistance levels. Contraction intensities of 30-40% of the maximum
voluntary contraction (MVC) work best for the deep (lateral) abdominal
muscles. Your clients initially will have little control over the intensity of
their contractioris. Often they will begin with minimal contractions, then
build to high intensities (60-70% MVC). This is acceptable during the early
stages of learning and enables your clients to "feel the muscles working."
82 . BackStability

They eventually must gain accurate control, however, and you should in-
struct your clients to master changing the intensity of contraction in all
hollowing exercises. An effective way to achieve this mastery is to ask for
a maximal contraction, then tell your clients to relax by half, and then half
again. Once they have achieved minimal contraction, they should then
build up the intensity again, in steps, to the maximum. Only when they
can control hollowing with minimal muscle intensity over a period of time
(10 repetitions each of 30-40% MVC, held for 10 seconds) should they
progress to more advanced exercises.
The position in which the movements are performed is important. Have
your clients assume the neutral position of the spine whenever possible-
initially, you will need to position your client correctly (you may want to
read ahead to the section on "Optimal Postural Alignment" in chapter 7
[page 134] for the optimal position while standing). If your clients are
kneeling, have them try to achieve proper alignment by slightly hollow-
ing the lumbar spine-a flatback or excessive lordosis both mean that the
subject has moved away from the neutral position and should appropri-
ately reposition by tilting the pelvis. Eventually, your clients will be able
to maintain the neutral position throughout their exercises.
~-Have yo'Ur"'dierits maintain-the "ii'e'i:itralpo'Sit1'On(['
:
;he spine throughout all the exercises in this ch.apter.

Abdominal Hollowing-Starting Positions

Different individuals require different starting positions, depending on their
weight, degree of injury, flexibility, and so on. Standing (wall support) and
4-point kneeling are probably the easiest positions for most people.
Four-point kneeling places the fibers of the transversus abdominis
muscle vertically. It thereby initiates some stretching in the transversus,
making contraction of this muscle easier. The 4-point kneeling position is
usually more comfortable than the other positions for people with back
pain. On the other hand, 4-point kneeling requires control of structures in
the spine, shoulders, and hips, whereas lying positions require control
over only spinal structures. Since controlling a single body segment is
considerably easier than controlling three, many people (especially those
with poor body control, and especially when unsupervised) find exer-
cises in the lying position easier to perform. Moreover, because 4-point
kneeling places compression on the patellae and the wrists, individuals
with pathology in these joints (such as arthritis) may need to modify the
kneeling position. Modifications include (a) placing the open fist on the
ground rather than the flat of the hand to reduce the wrist extension stress,
(b) placing extra padding beneath the shins and leaving the patellae free,
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills . 83

(c) taking the body weight on the forearms rather than the wrists, and (d)
supporting the upper body with the chest on a chair in order to reduce the
upper body weight transmitted to the arms and wrists.
Obese subjects often have trouble performing abdominal hollowing in a
kneeling position-the sheer weight of their abdominal tissue presents too
large an overload for their deep abdomina Is to work against. For obese in-
dividuals, the standing (wall support) position is better: although it is usu-
ally a progression from kneeling (standing provides no stretch facilitation
of the deep abdominals), obese individuals can control the action more eas-
ily. They can use their hands to palpate the abdominal wall, and the action
of "pulling the tummy in" is often rather familiar in the standing position.
Prone lying is not suitable for obese individuals with poor abdominal
muscle tone because of the compression of excess body tissue in this posi-
tion. Lean people often like the prone position, however, since it provides
many sensory cues-the act of hollowing to draw the abdominal wall away
from the supporting surface gives useful tactile feedback (especially if a
pressure biofeedback unit is used, as described later in this chapter).
You must use your own judgment to select appropriate starting posi-
tions for clients, taking into account body size, body condition, age, and
pathology. Be flexible-experiment with different starting positions until
your client feels comfortable with the exercise.

Abdominal Hollowing: 4-Point Kneeling

.I'("~'. To isolate the transversus abdominis and internal oblique.
Because the transversus fibers are aligned horizontally, 4-point kneeling
allows the abdominal muscles to sag, facili-
tating stretch. Position your client with her
lumbar spine in a neutral position, her head
looking at the floor, not forward, and her ears
horizontally aligned to her shoulder joint. Her
hip should be directly above the knee, her
shoulder directly above the hand. The hands
and knees are shoulder-width apart.
Instruct your client to focus her attention
on her navel area, and to pull that region "in and up" while breathing
normally. This action dissociates activity in the internal obliques and
transversus from that of the rectus abdominis (Richardson et al. 1992).
The exercise is thus useful for re-educating the stabilizing function of
the abdominals when the rectus abdominis has become the dominant
muscle of the group.
84 . Back Stability

Abdominal Hollowing: Standing

.f'['1~,..A progression from 4-point kneeling, or an initial position
for obese individuals or others for whom 4-point kneeling is
uncomfortable.
Some subjects find 4-point kneeling difficult to control
and tend to round their spines as they attempt abdomi-
nal hollowing. In this case, wall-supported standing is
a more appropriate starting position. Your client should
stand with his feet six inches from a wall and his back
against the wall, while maintaining a neutral spinal
position (a). An easy way to monitor neutral position
is for your client to place one hand behind his back
(over the sacrum) and the other in front of the abdo-
men, enabling him to monitor the position of his pelvis.
He can also use his front hand to feel the contraction of
the abdominal muscles as he initiates hollowing and
a
draws the abdominal wall away from his hand.
In an obese or poorly toned subject, the weight of the
digestive organs will pull the abdominal wall out and
down (visceral ptosis). If this occurs, position a belt be-
low his navel (b), instructing him to contract the lateral
abdominals and to pull the abdominal wall "in and up,"
trying to create a space between the abdomen and the
belt.
Since motor programming links lateral abdominal
action and pelvic floor action as part of the intra-
abdominal pressure mechanism, pelvic floor contrac-
tions are also useful to aid learning of abdominal b
hollowing. Instruct your client to pull in the pelvic floor as though trying
to stop himself from urinating. In men, the action of "lifting the penis" is
also useful imagery.

KEY POINT: Linkingabdominai hollowing w'ithpelvic floor

; contractions is a useful way to enhance learning in both males
L:.n~~ales._ __
It is important that your clients be able to differentiate the abdominal
hollowing action from pelvic tilting. Be careful to ensure that your cli-
ents do not flatten their backs completely against the wall as that would
indicate posterior pelvic tilting through action of the rectus abdominis.
Once a client has performed wall-standing abdominal hollowing cor-
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills. 85

rectly to repetition, have him repeat the action without wall support.
There should be no movement of the spine, pelvis, or rib cage.

Abdominal Hollowing: 2-Point Kneeling and Sitting

.fI"~'. For subjects who are already able to maintain the neutral
lumbar position and control body sway.
Two-point kneeling and sitting (stool) can help lead
up to free standing, as they require greater body seg-
ment control than either lying or 4-point kneeling.
This is because in both 2-point kneeling and sitting,
the upper part of the trunk is unsupported, while in
4-point kneeling, the arms support the upper trunk.
Individuals must be more active in controlling the
upper trunk when it is unsupported, paying atten-
tion to the hollowing action as well as to the position
of the lumbar spine (maintaining neutral position)
and the position of their shoulders (avoiding body
sway). These positions are also the starting points for
the hip hinge actions described later. Have your clients pay close atten-
tion to movement of the rib cage, as well as to shoulder position, pelvic
tilt, and maintenance of a neutral lordosis. Instructing your client to "sit
tall" or "kneel tall" can facilitate correct alignment; this concept is also
helpful in correcting whole-body posture while standing.

Abdominal Hollowing: Lying

.fllm. Suitable for lean individuals and those already able to
perform hollowing.
In prone lying, abdominal hollowing pulls the abdominal wall away from
the floor-a practical cue for the beginning subject. Use of a pressure

continued
86 . Back Stability

Abdominal Hollowing: Lying, continued

biofeedback unit can be very helpful (consult a medical supply catalog).
Note that the pressure biofeedback unit is useful only for assessment
and not for continuing exercises. Place the bladder of the feedback unit
below the navel, its lower edge in line with the anterior superior iliac
spines. As your client performs hollowing, the dial of the biofeedback
unit will show a decline in his body's pressure on the bladder. Once
your client has mastered this action, you can link it with hip extension
movements, if you wish, to provide abdominal-gluteal co-contraction.
Abdominal hollowing in supine lying permits an individual to feel the
muscle activity and the pelvic position; again, pressure biofeedback may
be useful. Have your client assume the crook lying position, with his
fingers flat against the lateral abdominals below his navel. Explain that
no pelvic tilt should occur during lateral abdominal contraction-you
can check this by palpating the anterior superior iliac spine. You can use
pressure biofeedback to monitor the depth of the lordosis: flattening of
the back (posterior pelvic tilt) shows as increasing pressure on the dial
and indicates activity of the rectus abdominis; excessive hollowing shows
as reduced pressure and indicates loss of stability associated with ante-
rior pelvic tilt.
As your client performs abdominal hollowing, the pressure biofeed-
back unit should register no more than a 5-mm Hg increase in pres-
sure-at this level of pressure the internal oblique, the transversus
abdominis, and the diaphragm are all recruited together. Higher values
(up to 15 mm Hg) will not increase the recruitment of the deep
abdominals but will increase the activity of both the diaphragm and the
rectus abdominis (Allison et al. 1998).

Tips for Teaching Abdominal Hollowing

Multisensory cues can facilitate learning (Miller and Medeiros 1987). You
can provide auditory cues by giving your clients frequent feedback about
their performance; to create visual cues, encourage people to look at their
muscles as they function and to place a mirror on the floor/couch below
the abdomen; for kinesthetic cues, encourage subjects to "feel" the particu-
lar action-for example, ask them to "feel the stomach being pulled in."
KEY POINT: Muitlsensory cueing involves increased sensory
I input through auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and tactile stimuli, :
i~o_nlunction with v~ualization of correct e~er:ise techni~~ J
Tactilecues for abdominal hollowing can come from you and/ or from a
belt touching your client's abdomen. The first technique involves palpa-
tion. Place the heel of your hand over the client's anterior superior iliac
spine and point your fingers toward the pubic bone (figure 4.1). Your
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills. 87

fingertips will then fall over the

retroaponeurotic triangle, which is the
most superficial position of transversus
abdominis (Walters and Partridge 1957).At
this point the external obliqje is apo-
neurotic and, so, not electrically active. This
point may be used for siting the electrode
of a surface EMG unit. Since the muscles
are sheetlike, they will flatten rather than
bulge when they contract. One way to fa-
cilitate the contraction is to instruct your
clients to "stop me from pushing in" as you
palpate the abdominal wall. A second way
Figure 4.1 Palpation of the is have them cough (visceral compression)
deep abdominals-the retro- and hold the muscle contraction they feel
aponeurotic triangle-to teach beneath your fingers. This "cough and
abdominal hollowing. hold" procedure is also useful in conjunc-
tion with surface EMG-as the muscle con-
traction shows on the EMG unit, encourage the subject to maintain the
contraction while breathing normally. Continue with this exercise until
your client can hold the contraction for a single 3D-second repetition or
for 10 repetitions of 10 seconds each. Then encourage your client to reduce
the contraction intensity of the muscle to the minimum required to main-
tain the hollow abdomen position.
Another tip for tactile cues in
the 4-point kneeling position: fas-
ten a webbing belt around your
client's abdomen below the navel,
with the muscles relaxed and sag-
ging (figure 4.2). The belt should
be just tight enough to touch the
skin but not to pull in the muscles.
Have your client hollow the ab-
domen, pull the muscles away
from the belt, and then relax them
completely to fill the belt again. Figure 4.2 Using a belt to teach ab-
Some people may be unable to dominal hollowing.
draw the muscles away from the
belt; others may contract their muscles too strongly, making the abdomi-
nal wall rigid and leading to aninability to relax the muscles again to fill
the belt. Several days' practice will give your clients full muscle control
over both actions. Once they can achieve the appropriate contraction,
have them build up the holding time to 10-30 seconds while breathing
normally.
88 . Back Stability
A final learning technique is visualization of correct exercise technique
following your demonstration. For this "mental practice," your clients
should relax and "see" themselves performing the exercise in their imagi-
nation. Such visualization has been shown to benefit development of both
motor skills (Fansler et al. 1985) and strength (Cornwall et al. 1991). To
help your "clients visualize the hollowing action, help them understand
the workings of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles-
you can use simple diagrams of the muscles and then demonstrate their
location using palpation. Analogies such as "personal muscle corset" or
"cylinder of muscles" can be helpful.
Abdominal Hollowing: Common Errors
Be sure that your client's rib cage, shoulders, and pelvis remain still
throughout the hollowing action (figure 4.3a). The contour of the ab-
domen will flatten if a person takes and holds a deep breath, but you
will notice the chest expansion (figure 4.3b). If this occurs, instruct your
client to exhale and then hold the resulting chest position while per-
forming the exercise. Placing a belt around the lower chest provides
helpful feedback about chestmovement (Richardson and Hodges 1996).
If your client is using the external oblique to brace the abdomen, which
is also an incorrect technique, the lower ribs will be depressed, and
you may observe a horizontal skin crease across the upper abdomen
(figure 4.3c). When this occurs, instruct your client to perform pelvic
floor contraction at the same time as abdominal hollowing, but to avoid
contracting the gluteus maximus (use of which leads in this case to
inappropriate motor patterns for trunk stability during dynamic sports
activity).

Lower ribs Rib cage Rib cage

stay still lifted depressed
a b c
Figure 4.3 Abdominal hollowing in standing: (a) is correct, and (b) and (c)
are incorrect.
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills . 89

In kneeling, lying, and sitting positions, pressing onto the floor with the
feet indicates a failure to isolate the deep abdominal action from that of
the hip muscles. Placing your client's feet on a bathroom scale will pro-
vide clear feedback about hip extension pressure-ideally, the scales should
show no increase in weight during the exercise.
KEY POINT: Your clients should maintain a neutral lumbar
position during abdominal hollowing and refrain from
significant movement of ribs, pelvis, or hips.

TEACHING YOUR CLIENTS TO CONTRACT

THE MULTIFIDUS MUSCLES AT WILL
Multifidus is the key stabilizer muscle within the spinal extensor group
(page 50). Subjects with low back pain often lose the ability to contract
this muscle (probably through pain inhibition), and they do not regain the
ability spontaneously (Hides et al. 1996). Two kinds of exercises will help
increase your client's basic back stability. The first focuses solely on the
multifidus muscles, with an emphasis on helping your client learn to rec-
ognize what it feels like to tension/relax only those particular muscles.
The second, using the techniques of proprioception, focuses not only on
the multifidus but also on the lateral abdominals, which of course are also
vital for basic stability.

The Basic Exercise for Multifidus Contraction

Your help is essential for your client to learn adequate control of this muscle.

Multifidus Contraction
.f{.1~'" To learn to use the multifidus at will and separately from
other muscles.
Your client begins in a prone lying position while you palpate his lower
back medial to the longissimus at L4 and L5levels. Identify the spinous
processes and slide your fingers laterally into the hollow between the
spinous process and the longissimus bulk. Assess the difference in muscle
consistency, and then determine your client's ability to isometrically
contract the multifidus in a "setting" action. Once the individual can
consciously contract the muscle, encourage him to use multifidus setting
continued
90 . Back Stability
Multifidus Contraction, continued
in a sitting position with a neutral lumbar spine. He should become
able to symmetrically contract the two multifidus muscles and sustain
the contraction for 10-30 seconds.

Rhythmic Stabilization
Rhythmic stabilization involves gross action of the multifidus in con-
junction with the lateral abdominals. Rhythmic stabilization is a PNF
(proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) technique that involves al-
ternating isometric contractions of the agonist and antagonist muscles,
building up to co-contraction (Sullivan et al. 1982). The general idea is
simple: first, you apply a resistance in one direction and your client con-
tracts her muscle against the resistance. Once you feel that the contrac-
tion has reached a maximum, instantaneously apply your resistance in
the opposite direction-at which point she contracts the antagonist
muscle, with no momentary relaxation between the two contractions. In
this way, the muscle pairs are contracting to gradually higher levels. The
following exercise uses this technique in teaching your client to contract
the multifidus.

Rhythmic Stabilization of Multifidus

and Lateral Abdominals in Side Lying Position
.f{'7~'. To encourage your client to contract the multifidus and
lateral abdominals simultaneously.
With your client in the crook side lying position, palpate the interverte-
bral joints to ascertain the midpoint of the movement range at the spinal
level where you have found pain/pathology (Maitland 1986). Remem-
ber that the multifidus muscle is unisegmental-that is, each fascicle
stretches over only a single segment of the lumbar spine. Wasting of the
muscle occurs at the same level as the segment of pathology (Hides et al.
1994). To place the relevant muscle fascicle at its optimum length, you
must move the painful segment into its midrange. If you feel inadequate to
do this, ask an experienced orthopedic physical therapist to work with you.
The exercise consists of you pushing forward on your client's pelvis
and backward onto the shoulder while your client resists the action.
Then reverse the action: while you push backward on the pelvis and
forward onto the shoulder, she continues to resist the action, not allow-
ing herself to relax even for a second. The action can be more localized
by an orthopedic physical therapist who can palpate the specific spinal
continued
 Teaching Your Clients the Basic Skills. 91

Rhythmic Stabilization of Multifidus and Lateral Abdominals

in Side Lying Position, continued
level that requires resistance to rotation. General resisted rotation can
be performed for the whole spine by having a partner help you use this
exercise at home.
The exercise is repeated 5-10 times at each of three treatment sessions.

Teaching Tips for Multifidus Contraction

Initially, you will palpate with your thumb and
the knuckle of your first finger placed on ei-
ther side of the lumbar spinous process at any
one level. Instruct your client to "feel the
muscle swelling" without actively flexing the
lumbar spine (figure 4.4). You may want to
suggest that your client practice this action
with his own thumbs so he'll have some feed-
back for home practice. While sitting, he
should press into the extensor region with his
thumbs at the side of the spinous processes. Figure 4.4 Palpating to
The pressure should be steady but deep. The assist your client in detect-
aim is to feel the muscle swelling against his ing multifidus contraction.
digital pressure without allowing his pelvis to From Norris 1998.
tilt or his spine to arch. Angling the trunk for-
ward at the hip (hip hinge action) will contract the longissimus and en-
able your client to distinguish between the longissimus fibers (more lat-
eral) and the multifidus. Performing abdominal hollowing at the same
time will improve the multifidus contraction.

SUMMARY
. Safely improving back stability requires that an individual learn to
contract certain muscles voluntarily and independently-in particular,
the deep abdominal muscles (transversus abdominis and internal

. oblique) and the multifidus muscles of the back.

Such independent muscle control enables an individual
1. to control pelvic tilt (i.e., to voluntarily move the pelvis indepen-
dently of the spine);
2. to support the spine with contracted multifidus;
3. to support the spine with abdominal hollowing; and
4. to achieve the neutral position of the lumbar spine, from which

. position most exercises in this book should begin.

This chapter teaches you, the therapist,
these skills.
how to help your clients learn
 S
Muscle Imbalance
Muscle imbalance occurs when a particular agonist is significantly stron-
ger than its antagonist, or when one or the other is abnormally shortened
or stretched. The body's attempts to compensate for imbalance generally
exacerbate the problem and can lead to serious disability. This chapter
first presents general theory about muscle balance and imbalance. It then
shows you how to identify such problems and how to treat them. Much of
the material for this section is modified from Norris (1998), to which you
are referred for further reading.

BASIC CONCEPTS
We can categorize muscles into two nondistinct groups Ganda and Schmid
1980; Richardson 1992): (1) Muscles that primarily stabilize a joint and
approximate the joint surfaces are known as stabilizers or "postural
muscles." (2) Muscles primarily responsible for movement (those which
develop angular rotation more effectively than the stabilizers), are called
mobilizers or "task muscles."

CTermsYOUShoulil1<now ~
diastasis separation of normally joined parts.
pseudoparesis apparent weakness brought on by increased tone in
a muscle antagonist.

KEY POINT: Stabilizers (postural muscles) primarilyfix a joint'"

and prevent movement. Mobilizers (task muscles) primarily I
create movement.

Stability muscles tend to be more deeply placed in the body and are
usually monoarticular (one-joint) muscles, whereas mobilizers are on the
whole superficial and are often biarticular (two-joint) muscles. For example,
in the leg, the rectus femoris is classified as a mobilizer, while the other
Chapter 5 exercise descriptions adapted from Norris 1998.

92
 Muscle Imbalance. 93

quadriceps muscles are stabilizers. Stabilizer function is more slow-twitch

(type I) or tonic in nature, whereas that of the mobilizers tends toward
fast-twitch (type II) action. This physiology suits the functional require-
ments of the muscles-enabling mobilizers to contract and develop maxi-
mal tension rapidly but also to fatigue quickly. The stabilizer muscles build
tension slowly and perform well at lower tensions over longer periods,
being more fatigue-resistant.
Stabilizers can be subdivided into primary and secondary types Gull
1994) (table 5.1). The primary stabilizers (e.g., multifidus, transversus
abdominis, and vastus medialis oblique) have very deep attachments,
lying close to the axis of rotation of the joint. In this position, they are
unable to contribute any significant torque but will approximate the joint.

Table 5.1 Muscle Types

The following characteristics are not absolute but are only tendencies within
these sometimes inexact categories of muscles.
Stabilizers Mobilizers
.Primarily responsible for stabilizing .
Primarily responsible for movement,
including angular rotation
and approximating joints
.Examples: multifidus, transversus
abdominis, vastus medialis oblique
.
Examples: rectus femoris. ham-
strings
Primary Secondary
stabilizers stabilizers
. Deep, close to
joint
. Intermediate
depth
. Superficial
. Slow twitch . Slow twitch . Fast twitch
. Usuallymono-
articular (1 joint)
. Usually mono-
articular
.Often biarticular (2 joints)
. torque
No significant . Primary source
of torq ue
. Secondary source of torque

. Short fibers ments multi-

pinnate
. Build tension slowly, more
fatigue resistant
. Build tension rapidly, fatigue
quickly
. Better activated at low levels of
resistance
. Better activated at high levels of
resistance
. More effective in closed chain . More effective in open chain
movements
. movement
In muscle imbalance, tend to
weaken and lengthen
. In muscle imbalance, tend to
tighten and shorten
94 . Back Stability
In addition, many of these smaller muscles have important propriocep-
tive functions (8astide et al. 1989). The secondary stabilizers (e.g., gluteals
and oblique abdominals) are the main torque producers, being large
monoarticular muscles attaching via extensive aponeurosis. Their
multipinnate fiber arrangement makes them powerful and able to ab-
sorb large amounts of force through eccentric action. The mobilizers (e.g.,
rectus femoris and hamstrings) act as stabilizers only in conditions of
extreme need. They are fusiform in shape-a less powerful fiber arrange-
ment, but one able to produce large ranges of motion.
Stabilizer muscles are better activated at low resistance levels-about
30-40% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)-while mobilizer
muscles are generally better activated above this level. Re-educating the
muscles of back stability therefore calls for low-level contractions, not the
extreme workouts well-meaning therapists sometimes prescribe for lower
back pain. In addition, stabilizer muscles respond better to closed kinetic
chain actions, where movement occurs proximally on a stabilized distal
segment; in standing, this would be with the foot on the ground for the
lower limb, or the hand on a wall for the upper limb. Mobilizer function is
more effective in an open chain situation, where free movement occurs
without distal fixation. In the lower limb, the swing phase of gait is open
chain; in the upper limb, throwing is a prime example. The structure and
functional characteristics of the two muscle categories makes the stabiliz-
ers better equipped for postural holding and antigravity function. The
mobilizers are better designed for rapid ballistic movements.
Two fundamental changes appear when there is muscle imbalance: (1)
tightening of mobilizer (two-joint) muscles and (2) loss of endurance
(holding) within the inner range of motion of the (single-joint) stabilizer
muscles, which arises from their being abnormally stretched. These two
changes are used as tests for the degree of muscle imbalance present. Since
the changes in length and tension alter muscle pull around a joint, they
may draw the joint out of alignment. Changes in body segment alignment
and the degree of segmental control (the ability to move one body seg-
ment without moving any others) form the basis of the third type of test
used when assessing muscle imbalance. The mixture of tightness and weak-
ness in muscle imbalance alters body segment alignment and changes the
equilibrium point of a joint. Normally, the equal resting tone of agonist
and antagonist muscles allows the joint to assume a balanced resting po-
sition, with the joint surfaces evenly loaded and the joint's inert tissues
not excessively stressed. However, if the muscles on one side of a joint are
tight and the opposing muscles are lax, the joint will be pulled out of align-
ment toward the tight muscle (figure 5.1). This alteration in alignment
throws weightbearing stress onto a smaller region of the joint surface, in-
creasing pressure per unit area. Further, the inert tissues on the shortened
(closed) side of the joint will contract over time.
 Muscle Imbalance . 95

Normal

a
Joint Joint
Figure 5.1 Posture and muscle imbalance. (a) Equal muscle tone gives cor-
rect joint alignment. (b) Unequal muscle tone pulls joint out of alignment,
resulting in faulty posture.
Reprinted from Griffin 1998.

a b c
()
ID I
I
I
I
I
I I

:-; I
'. ., I

I I
I
I I
I I,
()
:E)
Figure 5.2 Relative flexibility. When the attached cords are stretched, the
tighter cord (A-B) moves less than the looser cord (B-C).
From Norris 1998.

Imbalance also leads to a lack of accurate segmental control. The combina-

tion of stiffness (hypoflexibility) in one body segment and laxity
(hyperflexibility) in an adjacent segment leads to relative flexibility (White
and Sahrmann 1994). In a chain of movement, the body seems to take the path
of least resistance, with the more flexible segment always contributing more
to the total movement range. Consider two pieces of rubber tubing of un-
equal strengths that are attached to one another
(figure 5.2). If the movement begins at C and A
is fixed, the more flexible area B-C moves more.
This will still be the case if C is held immobile
and A moves.
Taking this example into the body, figure
5.3 shows a toe-touching exercise. The two
areas of interest for relative flexibility are the
a
Figure 5.3 Relative stiffness in the body. (a) Forward flexion should com-
bine equal pelvic
tilt and spinal flexion. (b) Tight hamstrings limit pelvic tilt,
stressing the more lax spinal tissues.
(0) From Norris 1998.
96 . BackStability
hamstrings and lumbar spine tissues. As we flex forward, movement
should occur through a combination of anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar spi-
nal flexion. Many people have tight hamstrings and excessively lax lum-
bar tissues due to excessive bending (lumbar flexion) during everyday
activities. During this flexing action, greater movement (and therefore
greater tissue strain) always occurs at the lumbar spine. Relative stiffness in
this case makes the toe-touching exercise ineffective as a hamstring stretch unless
the trunk muscles are tightened to stabilize the lumbar spine.

~ Muscle imbalance can iead to changes in-b-oth

functionand structure of the body tissues.

MUSCLE ADAPTATION TO INJURY, IMMOBILIZATION,

AND TRAINING
Different kinds of muscles react differently to injury and immobilization.
Primary stabilizers such as multifidus and transversus abdominis, for ex-
ample, react quickly (by inhibition) to pain and swelling (see table 5.2).

Table 5.2 Stabilizer and Mobilizer Muscles

That Affect the Lower Back
Muscles marked with' can act as both stabilizers and mobilizers, in different
situations.
Stabilizers Mobilizers
. Primary stabilizers . Iliopsoas'
Multifidus . Hamstrings
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique . Rectus femoris
Gluteus medius . Tensor fasciae lata (TFL)
Vastus medialis . Hip adductors
Serratus anterior
Lower trapezius
. Piriformis
. Rectus abdominis
Deep neck flexors
. Secondary stabilizers .External oblique
Gluteus maximus .Quadratus lumborum'
Quadriceps .Erector spinae
Iliopsoas'
.Sternomastoid
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus .Upper trapezius'
Upper trapezius'
Quadratus lumborum'
.Levator scapulae
. Rhomboids
. Pectoralis minor
. Pectoralis major
. Scalenes
 Muscle Imbalance. 97

There are even more clear differences in reactions to reduced usage,

which has been studied extensively using immobilized limbs. The great-
est tissue changes occur within the first few days of disuse. Strength loss
can be as much as 6% per day for the first eight days, with minimal loss
after this period (Appell 1990).
Type I and type II muscle fibers differ considerably in response to dis-
use, with type I fibers showing greater reduction in size and greater loss
of total fiber numbers than type II. In fact, the number of type II fibers
actually increases-demonstrating a process of selective atrophy of the
type I fibers (Templeton et al. 1984). However, not all muscles show an
equal amount of type I fiber atrophy. Atrophy is largely related to change
in use relative to normal function, with the initial percentage of type I
fibers that a muscle contains being a good indicator of likely atrophy pat-
tern. Those muscles with a predominantly antigravity function, which cross
one joint and have a large proportion of type I fibers (e.g., the soleus and
vastus medialis muscles) show greatest selective atrophy. Predominantly
slow twitch antigravity muscles that cross multiple joints are next in or-
der of atrophy (e.g., erector spinae). Finally, the phasic, predominantly
fast type II muscles (e.g., biceps) can be immobilized with less loss of
strength than the other two groups (Lieber 1992).
Training also causes selective changes in muscle. In the knee, rapid flex-
ion-extension actions can selectively increase activity in the rectus femoris
and hamstrings (biarticular mobilizers) but not in the vasti (monoarticular
stabilizers). In a study by Richardson and Bullock (1986) comparing speeds
of 75°/sec and 195°/sec, mean muscle activity for the rectus femoris in-
creased from 23.0 f.I. V to 69.9 f.I.
V. In contrast, muscle activity for the vastus
medialis increased from 35.5 f.I. V to only 42.3 f.I.V (figure 5.4). The pattern of
muscle activity was also noticeably different after training. The rectus femo-
ris and hamstrings displayed phasic (on-and-off) activity at the fastest
speeds, while the vastus medialis show~d a tonic (continuous) pattern.
The graphs in figure 5.5 show an EMG trace of the electrical activity pro-
duced when a muscle contracts. The general trend of the graph shape is
important, rather than each individual line. Note that there are clear groups
of electrical spikes for the rectus femoris and the hamstrings, indicating
that activity occurred in these muscles at specific points in the total move-
ment. For the vastus medialis there are no clear groups, indicating that the
activity occurred continually throughout the movement.
Ng and Richardson (1990) found similar changes even in the more func-
tional closed kinetic chain position. A four-week training period of rapid
plantar flexion (in standing position) gave significant increases in jump
height (gastrocnemius, biarticular) but also significant losses of static func-
tion of the soleus (monoarticular).
Recruitment patterns of lower back muscles also change depending
on the type of training used (O'Sullivan et al. 1998). Subjects followed a
98 . 8ack Stability
70-
o 75°/sec
60- .1500/sec
.195°/sec
:~ ~50-
(;
co
Q) 40-
U
::> 30-
'"
:2
20

10
n
Vastus Rectus Vastus Lateral
lateralis femoris medialis hamstring
Figure 5.4 Muscle activity changes with increases in speed.
Reprinted from Richardson and Bullock 1986.

Rectus
femoris

Hamstrings

Vastus
medialis

0°
Knee angle

Figure 5.5 Muscle activity patterns during rapid alternating knee flexion-
extension. Note that biarticular muscles are phasic, while monoarticular
muscles are tonic.
Reprinted from Richardson and Bullock 1986.

lO-week training program involving either abdominal hollowing (15

minutes daily, progressed with limb loading) or gym exercise that in-
cluded trunk curls. EMG activity of the internal oblique (more impor-
tant for back stability) increased in the hollowing group, whereas that
of the rectus abdominis remained relatively unchanged. Trunk curls (but
 Muscle Imbalance . 99
1000 1000

~~ 500
w~
500

o Before After Before After

o Before After Before After

Trunk curl Abdominal hollowing

Figure
.
D Rectus abdominis

Internal

5.6 Altered abdominal

Data from O'Sullivan et al. 1998.
oblique

muscle recruitment pattern with training.

not hollowing) led to an increase in rectus abdominis activity and a re-

duction in activity of the internal oblique (figure 5.6).

TRAINING SPECIFICITY
The aforementioned differences in responses of stabilizer and mobilizer
muscles illustrate the importance of training specificity. Responses to train-
ing closely correspond to the type of exercise used. For example, if run-
ners want to reduce their marathon running time, sprint training will not
be effective. This is because sprinting is primarily an anaerobic activity
(energy supplied from stores within the body), whereas marathon train-
ing is predominantly aerobic (energy supplied by using oxygen and food
as fuel). We can say in this case that, although the sprint training caused
an increase in fitness, the aspect of fitness that improved was not strictly
relevant to the event that the training was designed for. The training was
not specific to the event.
In the same way, we have seen that high-speed muscle training leads to
recruitment of mobilizer muscles. In the example from Richardson and
Bullock (1986) described previously, the rectus femoris increased its activ-
ity markedly at high-speed (195°/sec) movements. If we used this high-
speed training to try to improve the vastus medialis, it would not be very
effective.
Specificity can be remembered by a simple mnemonic, S.A.I.D., which
stands for Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand. The change occur-
ring in the body (the adaptation) is specific to (exactly matches) the train-
ing used (the imposed demand). You can adequately address your clients'
100 . Back Stability

muscle imbalances only by using quite specific exercises-which, of course,

require equally accurate, specific assessments of which muscles need what
kind of treatment. The tests described later in this chapter will help you
make such appropriate assessments.
KEY POINT: '""Training specificity dictates that, when de5'i'Qriing
an exercise program for a client, you must consider the
I
functional requirements, contraction type, and speed of
contraction of a muscle.

CHANGES IN MUSCLE LENGTH

Changes in muscle length do not occur in a uniform manner throughout
the body. An overly simplistic but useful description is that stabilizer
muscles tend to "weaken" (sag), whereas mobilizers tend to "shorten"
(tighten). Exercise therapy aimed at muscle must therefore be selective
rather than general, seeking to lengthen (stretch) tight mobilizer muscles
and shorten/build endurance of inactive stabilizer muscles.

Chronic Muscle Lengthening

The weakening of stabilizer muscles has been termed stretch weakness
(Kendall et al. 1993): the muscle remains in an elongated position, beyond
its normal resting position but within its normal range. This is different
from overstretch, in which the muscle is elongated beyond its normal range.
The length-tension relationship of a muscle (page 38) dictates that a
stretched muscle, where the actin and myosin filaments are pulled apart,
can exert less force than a muscle at normal resting length. Where the
stretch is maintained, however, this short-term response (reduced force
output) becomes a long-term adaptation: the muscle adds more sarco-
meres to its ends in an attempt to move its actin and myosin filaments
closer together (figure 5.7). This adaptation, known as an increase in se-
rial sarcomere number (SSN), can lengthen a muscle by up to 20%
(Gossman et al. 1982).
The length-tension curve of an adaptively lengthened muscle moves to
the right (figure 5.8). The peak tension such a muscle can produce in the
laboratory is up to 35% greater than that of a normal length muscle (Wil-
liams and Goldspink 1978). However, this peak tension occurs at approxi-
mately the position where the muscle has been immobilized (point a, fig-
ure 5.8). If the strength of the lengthened muscle is tested with the joint in
midrange or inner range (point b, figure 5.8), as is common in clinical
practice, the muscle cannot produce its peak tension and appears "weak."
For this reason, manual muscle tests appear to be more accurate indica-
tors of positional strength than measures of total strength (Sahrmann 1987).
Figure 5.7 Muscle length adaptation. (0) Normal muscle length. (b) In
stretched muscle, the filaments move apart, resulting in loss of muscle ten-
sion. (c) Normal filament alignment is restored by increases in serial sarcom-
ere number (SSN), resulting in chronic abnormal muscle length.
From Norris 1998.
-
Shortened
10
Control a
,.,---....
Lengthened
8 ,,"
, ,
§ , ,,
c: 6 ,
o
'w , ,,
c: ,
$
~ 4 , ,,
,
U
<I: ,,
2 , ,.,~/
,

1 0 1 0

% muscle belly length of control

Figure 5.8 Effects of immobilizing a muscle in shortened and lengthened

positions (see text for explanation).
From Norris 1998.
101
102 . Back Stability

In the laboratory, a lengthened muscle returns to its optimal length within

approximately one week if placed in a shortened position (Goldspink 1992).
Clinically, restoration of optimal length may be achieved by immobilizing
the muscle in its physiological rest position (Kendall et al. 1993) and/or
by exercising it in its shortened (inner-range) position (Sahrmann 1990).
Enhancement of strength is not the priority in this situation-indeed, the load
on the muscle may need to be reduced to ensure correct alignment of the
various body segments and correct performance of the relevant move-
ment pattern.
SSN may be partly responsible for changes in muscle strength without
parallel changes in hypertrophy (Koh 1995). A number of factors influ-
ence SSN, which exhibits marked plasticity. For example, immobilization
of rabbit plantarflexors in a lengthened position showed an 8% increase
in SSN in only four days; applying electrical stimulation to increase muscle
force led to an even greater increase (Williams et al. 1986). Stretching a
muscle appears to affect SSN significantly more than does immobiliza-
tion in a shortened position. Following immobilization in a shortened
position for two weeks, the mouse soleus decreased SSN by almost 20%
(Williams 1990). However, stretching for just one hour per day in this study
not only eliminated the SSN reduction, but actually increased SSN by
nearly 10%. Eccentric stimuli appear to cause a greater adaptation of SSN
than concentric stimuli. Morgan and Lynn (1994) subjected rats to uphill
or downhill running and found SSN in the vastus intermedius to be 12%
greater in the eccentric-trained rats after one week. Koh (1995) has sug-
gested that, if SSN adaptation occurs in humans, strength training may
produce such a change if it is performed at a joint angle different from
that at which the maximal force is produced during normal activity.
The lengthened muscle is not weak-it merely lacks the ability to main-
tain full contraction within the inner range. This shows up clinically as a
difference between the active and passive inner ranges. If the joint is pas-
sively placed in full anatomical inner range, the subject is unable to hold
the position. Sometimes the position cannot be held at all, but more usu-
ally the contraction cannot be sustained, indicating a lack in slow twitch
endurance capacity.
Clinically, reduction of muscle length is seen as the enhanced ability to
hold an inner-range contraction. This mayor may not represent a reduc-
tion in SSN but is a required functional improvement in postural control
for muscles that are abnormally lengthened. Muscle shortening appears
in the dorsiflexors of equestrians, who clearly do not hold the shortened
position permanently, as with splinting, but rather show a training re-
sponse. Following pregnancy, SSN increases in the rectus abdominis in
combination with diastasis. Again, length of the muscle gradually reduces
in the months following birth. Inner-range training, then, is likely to shorten
a lengthened muscle (Goldspink 1996).
 Muscle Imbalance . 103
Assessing Stretched Muscles-
Testing Inner-Range Holding Ability
We have seen from figure 5.8 that the length-tension curve of a length-
ened muscle moves to the right, indicating that it is unable to produce
significant power within the full inner range. This fact forms the basis
of the assessment of stabilizer muscle length by inner-range holding
tests. Tests for the most important stabilizing muscles are described
below.

Lower Back and Hip Muscles-inner-Range Hoiding Tests

The ability of a stabilizer to maintain a low-load isometric contraction over
a period of time is vital to its antigravity function and may be assessed
using the standard muscle test position (Richardson 1992; Richardson and
Sims 1991). In all the following assessments, ask your clients to maintain a
contraction in full inner range, the key factor being the length of time they
can maintain the static hold before developing jerky (phasic) movements.
In each case, you will place the limb passively into the full inner range. If
the limb drops upon release, the passive range of motion differs from the
active range-an important indicator of poor stabilizer function. Full sta-
bilizing function is present only when a subject can maintain the inner-
range position for 10 repetitions of 10 seconds' duration Ou1l1994). In all
the tests, it is important that your subjects attempt all 10 repetitions; often
they will perform the first two or three normally, with the deficit becom-
ing apparent only in later repetitions.

Assessing Muscle Balance in the Iliopsoas

While sitting, your client flexes her hip while maintain-

ing 90° knee flexion so that the foot is lifted clear of the
ground. Have her hold this position as long as she can,
while you record the time at which phasic movements
begin. Note also the position of the pelvis and lumbar
spine. Where the iliopsoas is lengthened, one of two
things may happen: (1) If lumbar stability is poor, the
pelvis will drop back into posterior tilt, flattening or
even reversing the lumbar lordosis. (2) If lumbar sta-
bility is good, your client will be able to maintain the
neutral position of the lumbar spine and pelvis-but the knee will sim-
ply drop, indicating that the hip flexor muscles have lengthened (but
not necessarily weakened) and are unable to hold the full inner-range
position.
104 . Back Stability
Assessing Muscle Balance in the Gluteus Maximus
Have your client lie in a prone ,,----..
, --
position with her knee flexed
to 90°. Then she should lift her \/ ,
hip to the inner range of ex- ------
tension and hold it steady
(right; b, below). Using palpa-
tion, note the order of muscle
contraction during the hip extension. Normally, the hamstrings should
contract first, followed by the gluteus maxim us, then the contralateral
erector spinae, and finally the ipsilateral erector spinae (Lewit 1991). In
many cases of imbalance, the gluteus is poorly recruited or even inhib-
ited (pseudoparesis) by tightness in the opposing hip flexors (Janda 1986).
Where this is the case, the order of muscle contraction changes. If the
gluteals do not function adequately, the hamstrings dominate the move-
ment-little gluteal activity is apparent, and the muscle mass remains
flaccid. Note how long your client can hold the position steady before
phasic movement begins.
Performing the test with the knee bent reduces the contribution that
the hamstrings make to the movement by shortening them. The contri-
bution of the gluteus is therefore more apparent. Your ability to see and
feel the subtle changes that indicate the order of muscle contraction,
however, takes time to develop. Until you have gained experience in
this area of examination, you can use dual-channel EMG to show the
intensity and timing of muscle contraction. Note: watch carefully to see
if your client performs a false hip extension movement; in this action,
the pelvis anteriorly tilts due to powerful action of the erector spinae,
and the relationship between the hip and pelvis remains the same (c).
Thoroughly explain to your client which muscles she should be using
to perform this activity and in which order. If she tends to make a false
hip extension, hold her pelvis down while she raises her leg using only
her gluteals, so that that she learns what the correct movement feels like.

a
,,
,
/' \v "-.:.
o '7"
c
 Muscle Imbalance . 105

Assessing Muscle Balance in the Gluteus Medius

The action in this test is com-
bined hip abduction, with slight
lateral rotation to emphasize the
posterior fibers of the muscle.
Have your client lie on her side
with her upper knee flexed. In-
struct her to abduct and externally rotate her upper leg so that the fe-
mur is at a 45° angle to the ground and her knee is flexed about 45°
(dotted lines in figure). Then have her rotate her chest toward the ex-
amination table while keeping her upper leg in place Oull1994).

Deep Abdominal Muscles-inner-Range Holding Tests

Rather than deal with specific abdominal muscles as I did with the hip
muscles, I think it more useful in this section to focus on the entire system
of deep abdominal muscles that affect lumbar stability and that often are
abnormally stretched (and therefore weak in their inner ranges). You can
test clients' ability to hold the inner range of the deep abdomina Is (1) by
assessing their abilities to hollow the abdomen, and (2) by monitoring
lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt while overloading the stability system. You
can assess both actions by accurate palpation and motion recording, but I
recommend use of pressure biofeedback, which will make the assessment
considerably easier. Note that the pressure biofeedback unit is more use-
ful for assessment rather than for continuing exercises.
To assess limb function relative to lumbar-pelvic stability, you can use a
number of starting positions-two of which I will describe in detail.

Prone Abdominal Hollowing Test

Using Pressure Biofeedback

.I'{"~'. To asse.ss client's ahility to hold the inner range of the deep
ahdomlnals.
With your subject lying prone,
place the pressure biofeedback
unit beneath his abdomen with the
upper edge of the device's bladder
below his navel. Inflate the unit to
70 mm Hg, and instruct your cli-
ent to perform abdominal
~ J
~-

hollowing (see chapter 4). The aim is to

reduce the pressure reading on the biofeedback unit by 6-10 mm Hg
continued
 106 . Back Stability
Prone Abdominal Hollowing Test Using Pressure Biofeedback. continued

and to be able to maintain this contraction for 10 repetitions of 10

seconds each while breathing normally (Richardson and Hodges
1996).

Heel Slide Maneuver Using Pressure Biofeedback

.,{l1~'" Assess the deep abdominals' ability to maintain spinal
stability.
The subject begins in a
crook lying position with
the spine in a neutral po-
sition and the pressure
biofeedback unit posi-
tioned beneath his lower
spine. While you palpate the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), instruct
him to gradually straighten one leg, sliding the heel along the ground to
take the weight off the limb. During this action, the hip flexors are work-
ing eccentrically and pulling on the pelvis and lumbar spine. If the strong
pull of these muscles is sufficient to displace the pelvis, you will be able
to feel the pelvis tilt; moreover, the pressure shown on the dial of the
biofeedback unit will change. If your client cannot complete the action
without any alteration of pelvic tilt or depth of lordosis, palpate the
abdominal muscle action. Often subjects will substitute their rectus
abdominis and/ or external oblique in an attempt to fix the pelvis rather
than using transversus abdominis and internal oblique. Where this is
the case, these deeper abdominal muscles will need to be re-educated.

Assessing Shortened Muscles

Mobilizer muscles have a tendency to tighten. TIghtness in the hamstrings
(mobilizers), for example, is common, while tightness in the gluteals (stabi-
lizers) is rare. In addition to reducing range of motion, muscle tightening
may lead to development of trigger points (Travell and Simmons 1983)-
small hypersensitive regions within a muscle that stimulate afferent nerve
fibers, causing pain. The sensation created is a deep tenderness with an over-
lying increase in tone, creating a palpably tender band of muscle. When pal-
pated deeply, the trigger point creates a local muscle spasm, the "jump sign"
Ganda 1993). Because tight muscles have a lowered irritability threshold,
they are activated earlier than normal in a movement sequence-and they
have less slack to take up before contraction begins. In addition, tight muscles
have increased afferent input via the stretch receptors (Sahrmann 1990).
 Muscle Imbalance . 107

There are several important reasons why you should assess the tight-
ness of your client's mobilizer muscles. First, since limited range of mo-
tion may not allow sufficient movement for correct body segment align-
ment, limbs may be pulled into positions that stress joint surfaces and
collateral ligaments. Second, tightness in a muscle may, through recipro-
cal innervation, inhibit the opposing muscle through the process of
pseudoparesis Oanda 1986). Third, stability must be relative to flexibility.
Consider the straight-leg raise (SLR) exercise (see page 109): poor stabil-
ity can lead the pelvis to tilt very early in the range of motion. Normally,
the pelvis only tilts when the hamstring muscles reach the end of their
stretch-they are fully 'wound up' -and this may not occur until 80-90°
hip flexion. If pelvic tilt is seen before this (in a flexible individual), an
imbalance exists. The individual's level of stability is not sufficient for
her level of flexibility-she has lost active muscular control over a por-
tion of her total range of motion, a fundamental feature in the difference
between hypermobility and instability.
If you find muscle tightness, you can use the test movements as starting
positions for stretching. But before prescribing stretching exercises, be sure
that they will not place excessive strain on adjacent body parts because of
relative stiffness. Your clients often will require some stability work be-
fore beginning the stretches. The need for stability work is indicated if the
subject's alignment is degraded (partially lost) as a stretch is applied.
To assess tightness in those muscles that are most likely to exacerbate
lower back problems, there are four principal tests--each of which in its
own way will help you to assess restriction of pelvic motion: (1) the modi-
fied Thomas test, (2) the straight-leg raise (SLR) test, (3) the Ober test, and
(4) the tripod test. Carefully note whether any of the movements in these
tests reproduces the pain for which the patient has sought treatment; note
also if the range is significantly less than the optimal position. (For the
Thomas test, optimum is for the femur of the lower leg to drop down to
the horizontal, and the tibia of the same leg to drop to the vertical. For the
SLR, the optimal value is 70-80° from the horizontal; and for the Ober test,
the upper leg should drop down to the level of the couch.) In either case,
the muscle will require specific stretching.

The Thomas Test

.fl:t1.,. To assess/correct tightness in the iliopsoas and rectus
femoris.
The patient begins in crook lying at the end of the examination table.
Instruct her to lift both knees up to her chest, keeping her back flattened

continued
108 . Back Stability

The Thomas Test, continued

to a point where the sacrum just begins to lift away from the examina-
tion table surface, but not farther. You can monitor the movement of the
pelvis and lumbar spine using a pressure biofeedback unit. As she holds
one leg close to the chest to maintain
the pelvic position, have her lower the
other leg over the end of the table,
maintaining a 90° angle at the knee (a).
Optimal alignment occurs with the
femur horizontal and aligned with the
sagittal plane (no abduction) and with
the subject's shoulder, hip, and knee
more or less in line. The tibia should
hang vertically (90° knee flexion) and
be aligned with the sagittal plane (no
hip rotation-see c). If the femur rests a
above the horizontal and the knee is
flexed less than 90°, tightness may be
present in either the iliopsoas or rec-
tus femoris. If the rectus is tight,
straightening the knee will take the
stretch off the muscle and the leg will
drop down (b). If the knee is straight-
ened and the leg stays in place, it in-
dicates tightness in the iliopsoas. Use
palpation to distinguish between the
psoas and iliacus. Psoas can be pal-
pated deep in the abdomen at the side
of the lumbar spine. Iliacus is found
on the inner side of the pelvis. Both
muscles take experience to palpate, as
they lie beneath the abdominal con- c
tents (see figure 3.lOb, page 58).

The Ober Test

.f'[t1~,.. To assess both the length of tensor fasciae lata muscle and
the tightness of the iliotibial band.
The modified Ober test begins in side lying with the pelvis in a neutral
position (a). Have your client bend her lower leg to improve overall body
continued
 Muscle Imbalance . 109

The Ober Test, continued

stability while you stabilize the pelvis to avoid lateral pelvic dipping.
The examination table should be low enough to allow you to place pres-
sure through the subject's iliac crest in the direction of the lower shoul-
der. You may monitor the position of the spine and pelvis using pres-
sure biofeedback. While she maintains the neutral pelvic position, have
your client abduct the upper leg to 15° above the horizontal and then
extend her hip about 15°. She should then adduct it while maintaining
extension. For an athlete, optimal muscle length would be confirmed if
she is able to lower the upper leg to the level of the table; the nonathlete
should be able to lower the leg to the horizontal (b). A false reading is
obtained if the pelvis is allowed to tip and the lumbar spine to laterally
flex. You can still proceed with the test when hip extension is limited,
but you should further assess the hip tightness to determine if it results
from muscular, capsular, or osteological factors-an examination for
which you should refer the subject to an orthopedic physical therapist.

The Straight-Leg Raise (SLR) Test

.f{tH. To assess tightness in hamstrings.
Have your client lie supine on the examination table, one leg slightly
bent. Have her raise the other leg while keeping it completely straight.
Palpate the anterior rim of the pelvis to note the point at which the pel-
vis begins to posteriorly tilt due to hamstring tightness-this is the point
at which a stable base is no longer being provided for the hamstrings to
stretch against. Two body segments are moving here; this is a prime
example of relative flexibility, as mentioned on page 95. As the maximal
continued
110 . Back Stability

The Straighr-Leg Raise (SLR) Test, continued

range of hamstring flexibility is reached,

the pelvis will begin to tilt posteriorly,
bringing the ischial tuberosity of the pel-
vis forward in an attempt to reduce ten-
sion in the hamstrings. Look for pelvic tilt,
which will occur before the hamstrings are
fully stretched to their end range. For ex-
ample, if your client can stretch the ham-
strings to 90° hip flexion, does the pelvis
move at 80-90° as it should because the
tension in the hamstrings is maximal? Or
does the pelvis begin to tilt at perhaps 40-
50°, when the tension in the hamstrings
is only moderate? The latter case indicates
a lack of muscular control over the pelvis-
the individual is unable to create the stable pelvic base (using the trunk
stabilizers) for the stretched hamstrings to pull against.

The Tripod Test

.1'{'1~'. To assess/correct
imbalanced hamstrings.
Have your client sit on the exami-
nation table with his lumbar spine
in the neutral position and his feet
hanging off the edge. As he
straightens one leg, note two mea-
sures: (1) the point at which pos-
terior pelvic tilting occurs, and (2)
the total range of combined motion
at both hip and knee. For optimal performance, the lumbar spine
should remain neutral and should allow the knee to straighten to
within 10° of full extension while the femur remains horizontal.
If you find muscle tightness, you can use the test movements as start-
ing positions for stretching.
 Muscle Imbalance . 111

PRINCIPLES OF MUSCLE STRETCHING

Five methods of stretching are generally recognized: ballistic, static, ac-
tive, and two PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) techniques
(table 5.3). PNF stretching has been adopted by the sporting world from
neurological physiotherapy treatments. By alternately contracting and re-
laxing muscles, these techniques capitalize on various muscle reflexes to
achieve a greater level of relaxation during the stretch. The back stability
program uses two PNF techniques: contract-relax (CR), and contract-
relax-agonist-contract (CRAC). PNF stretching was believed at one time to
be the most effective type of stretching (Etnyre and Abraham 1986; Holt
and Smith 1983), with CRAC methods generally being better than CR. The
data are not consistent, however. Moore and Kukulka (1991) found CRAC
to cause more pain than either CR or static stretching; moreover, they found
that static stretching appeared to be the most effective of all the techniques,
leading to less pain and more range of motion. 1recommend that you se-
lect stretching techniques on a client-by-client basis. Test to see what works
best for each individual. The advantage of static stretching, of course, is
that it does not require your presence or that of anyone else.

Table 5.3 Principal Stretching Techniques

Method Action
. Ballistic .Rapid jerking actions at end of
range to force the tissues to stretch.
. Static .Slowly and passively stretching the
muscle to full range, and maintain-
ing this stretched position for a set
period-usually from 15 to 30 '
seconds.
. Active . Contracting the agonist muscle to
full inner range to impart a stretch
on the antagonist.
. Contract-relax (CR) . Isometrically contracting the
stretched muscle, then relaxing and
passively stretching the muscle
still farther. This action is usually

. Contract-relax-agonist-contract
(CRAC)
. performed by a partner.
The same as CR. except that during
the final stages of the stretching
phase. the muscle opposite the one
being stretched is contracted.
112 . Back Stability

Here are the basic five stretching methods:

1. Ballistic stretching involves taking the limb to the end of its movement
range and adding repetitive bouncing movements. This method is
increasingly out of favor since it appears that it may cause injury and
muscle soreness (Etnyre and Lee 1987). Although not recommended for
regular training, ballistic stretching may have a place in the final stages of
rehabilitation for athletes whose sport requiresballistic actions (e.g., high
kicks in martial arts practice) (Norris 1998).
2. During static stretching, a muscle is stretched to the point of slight
discomfort and held there for an extended period. A holding time of 30
seconds has been shown to be optimal, with 15 seconds being less effective
and 60 seconds being not more effective (Bandy and Irion 1994). Repeating
the stretch is important, with the greatest stretching effects occurring within
the first four repetitions (Taylor et al. 1990). Easily remembered, basic
guidelines for static stretching are 5 repetitions, holding each for 30 seconds,
with a 3D-second rest period between each movement.
3. Active stretching involves pulling a limb into full inner range so that
the antagonist muscle is stretched passively while the agonist is
strengthened. This type of stretch can be important when correcting muscle
imbalance. The inner-range contraction helps shorten a lengthened (lax)
muscle, while the shortened muscle is stretched using a functionally
relevant movement. Webright et al. (1997) found static and active stretching
equally effective when used daily for a six-week period. Static stretching
involves less coordination and fewer repetitions than active stretching, so
it is more appropriate to early treatment stages. Active stretching involves
more complex coordination and requires greater segmental control, making
it more useful in later stages of rehabilitation.
4. The CR (contract-relax) PNF technique involves lengthening a muscle
until a comfortable stretch is felt. From this position, the muscle is
isometrically contracted and held for a set period. The muscle is relaxed
again, then taken to a new lengthened position until the subject again
feels the full stretch. The rationale behind the CR method is that the
contracted muscle will relax as a result of autogenic inhibition, as the Golgi
tendon organ (GTO) fires to inhibit tension. Some authors argue that a
maximal isometric contraction is needed to initiate relaxation through the
GTO mechanism Uanda 1992). Others recommend the use of minimal
isometric contractions (Lewit 1991), which seem more appropriate in
situations where pain is present. A window of opportunity exists after
isometric muscle contraction-since the stretch reflex is suppressed for
about 10 seconds following isometric contraction (Moore and Kukulka
1991), the stretch must be imposed during this time.
5. With the CRAC (contract-relax-agonist-contract) PNF technique, the
muscle is stretched as just described-but in the final stages of the stretch,
 Muscle Imbalance . 113

the opposing muscle groups are isometrically contracted to make use of

reciprocal inhibition of the agonist and to reduce its tension.
To illustrate each of these procedures, consider stretching the hamstrings.
1.A ballisticstretch could involve keeping the leg straight while standing
and vigorously reaching for the toes with a bouncing action. While the
rapid action may actually tighten the muscle by increasing its tone, it may
stretch other soft tissues-including the noncontractile muscle elements,
muscle tendons, and ligaments surrounding the hip, knee, and spine. In
this particular exercise, moreover, repeated spinal flexion may increase
intradiscal pressure within the lumbar discs, potentially leading to discal
migration (McKenzie 1981) or discal herniation. For this reason, ballistic
stretching should only be performed in the presence of good lumbar
stability and optimal segmental alignment.
2. An easy static stretch for the hamstrings involves lying supine on the
floor in a doorway, with the hips just inside the door frame. With the leg
farthest from the door frame flat on the ground and the back in neutral
position, raise the other leg, keeping it straight, until it rests on the door
frame. To increase/ decrease the stretch, move the body closer to or farther
away from the door frame. The stretch is held for 30 seconds.
3.An active stretchcould be performed by standing, holding on to a wall
bar for support, and lifting the straight leg upward using the force of the
hip flexors.
4. An individual could perform the CR technique for the hamstrings while
lying on his back. A training partner lifts his leg, keeping the knee straight.
After holding the stretch for 10seconds, the athlete contracts his hamstrings
by pulling the straight leg down toward the floor against his partner's
resistance. He holds the tension for 10 to 20 seconds-sufficient time to
allow the GTO to override the stretch reflex. He then releases the tension,
and the training partner reapplies the stretch.
5. The CRAC technique takes this stretch even further: as the stretch is
applied, the athlete tries to increase the stretch himself by pulling the
straight leg up toward his head, tensing his hip flexors. In so doing, the
hamstrings are relaxed still further through reciprocal inhibition, and the
stretch becomes even more effective.

STRETCHING TARGET MUSCLES

Several mobilizer muscles within the lumbar-pelvic region are com-
monly tight and may require stretching. It is generally best to begin
with passive static stretching, followed by contract-relax techniques.
Finally, the opposing muscles are shortened to full inner range to stretch
the antagonist actively.
114 . Back Stability
Thomas Test Stretch

.1'1".'. To stretch the hip flexors.

This stretch is performed from the Thomas test position (see page 107).
Any firm surface may be used at home, such as a sturdy coffee table.
Your client should hold one knee tightly to her chest and allow the
other leg to rest in a stretched position near the horizontal. To increase
the emphasis on the rectus femorus muscle, the knee of the lower (hori-
zontal) leg may be bent. Throughout the movement the back must
remain flat on the table and the pelvis must not be allowed to move.
She should hold the stretched position for 10-20 seconds, and then
lower the leg slowly. Raising into the stretch position and recovering
from it should be performed with control, taking 5 seconds in each
direction. Reverse the legs and repeat the cycle two more times. Have
her perform this stretch daily until she can perform the Thomas test
satisfactorily.

Half Lunge
.1'111.'. To stretch the hip flexors.
Have your client take up the half-kneeling position, with one hand
on a chair to aid balance and the other hand pressing into the lumbar
spine on the side of the dependent leg (the one with the knee on the
floor). Instruct him to
keep his abdomen hol-
lowed throughout the ex-
ercise in order to keep the
lumbar spine in neutral
position. Tell him to lunge
his body forward, forcing
the dependent hip into
extension while avoiding
increasing the lordosis.
Hold this stretched posi-
tion for 10 seconds.
Instruct your client to perform this exercise three times a day, each
session comprising 10 lunges on each side.
 Muscle Imbalance . 115

Hip Hitch
.lIel~''- To work the trunk side flexors on the side of the weight-
bearing leg. This exercise is used in preparation for the
Ober stretch, to enable the subject to control the pelvis with
the trunk side flexors.
Your client should stand with her hands on a
tabletop for support at home, or a bar in the
clinic. Instructing her to keep her legs straight
throughout the movement, have her make one
leg shorter than the other by laterally tilting her
pelvis. It may help by suggesting that she imag-
ine she is drawing the rim of her pelvis verti-
cally upward on the side of the shortening leg,
raising her heel slightly off the ground. To avoid
simply coming up onto the toes, have your cli-
ent dorsiflex (pull up) her foot-this way you
can assess movement of the whole leg in one section. Tell her to keep
her upper body from swaying and to relax her shoulders. Once she has
mastered this action, have her practice it unsupported (hand off the table-
top), then lying supine, and finally while lying on her side. In each case,
the knee must be kept straight throughout the movement, with the ac-
tion coming from pelvic movement alone.
When using the side lying position, she should place her upper hand
on her upper hip to provide resistance (since there is no gravity to re-
sist), and she should pull her upper leg up as she simultaneously pushes
the leg that is against the floor down (as if she's trying to make that leg
as long as possible).
Instruct your client to perform this exercise three times a day, with
five repetitions for each side from each of the three starting positions
(standing, supine, side lying).

Ober Test Stretch

.lIeN'-Stretch the iliotibial band (lTB) and tensor fasciae lata
(TFL).
The ITB and TFL can become overactive and tight to compensate for a
weak or inactive gluteus medius muscle. When this occurs, tightness in
the ITB-TFL can cause friction of this structure over the greater trochanter
of the femur or the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Both of these areas
continued
116 . Back Stability

Ober Test Stretch, continued

are common sites for ITB friction syndrome-a common overuse condi-
tion, particularly among distance runners, that results from muscle im-
balance.
Beginning in a side-lying position, your client first performs the hip
hitch as just described. Then he continues with the Ober test actions (see
page 108): he abducts the upper leg to 15° above the horizontal, extends
it to 15°, then lowers it into adduction (toward the floor or couch) while
maintaining an immobilepelvis. The exercise is complex because it requires
the control of two body parts simultaneously. Supervise your client
closely, (1) watching the pelvic rim to note any unwanted pelvic move-
ment and (2) noting if the hip extension is being maintained. When the
hip extension is lost, the leg falls forward into flexion and the stretch is
lost from the TFL. If your client is unable to maintain stability of his
pelvis, assist him by holding the pelvis in place with your hands.

Active Knee Extension, Holding Thigh

.1'[17.'. To stretch the hamstrings.
Have your client lie supine, then raise one
leg to 90° hip flexion, comfortably bent at
the knee, and hold it with her hands be-
neath the thigh. Then instruct her to
straighten the leg as much as possible. The
sensation should be one of a deep stretch-
ing sensation rather than acute pain. The
discomfort should reduce as the stretch is held. She should hold the
stretch for 30 seconds. Instruct her to perform this stretch at home three
times a day, with two repetitions for each leg at each session.

Active Knee Extension, Pushing Against Thigh

.1'[.'.'. To strengthen hip flexors, hip
extensors, and hamstrings.
This action stretches the hamstrings while
activating the quadriceps against a resis-
tance. Increasing the quadriceps activity
should reduce the hamstring tone through
reciprocal innervation.
continued
 Muscle Imbalance . 117

Active Knee Extension, Pushing Against Thigh, continued

Have your client lie supine and, with one knee comfortably bent, raise
that leg until it is at a 600angle to the floor. Instruct him then to straighten
the leg, and then slowly raise the straightened leg till it is vertical (900
hip flexion). He should keep the leg completely straight and use only
his hip flexor muscles to raise the leg (no use of the hands this time!),
without allowing the knee to bend. Once the leg is vertical (or as near
vertical as your client can raise it), have him place his hand on the leg
just above the knee and use it as a fulcrum to straighten the leg just a
little bit more. This is especially helpful in stretching the hamstrings. He
should hold this position for 30 seconds.
Tell your client to do this exercise three times a day, using three rep-
etitions for each leg per session.

Tripod Stretch
.f{'7~'. To stretch the hamstrings.
Have your client sit upright on the edge of a
table, her lumbar spine in its neutral position,
her feet hanging over the edge of the table.
She should maintain abdominal hollowing
throughout the exercise. Have her straighten
one leg, to stretch the hamstrings against the
stable base of the unmoving pelvis. She should
hold the leg straight for 15 seconds, then
slowly lower it.
Instruct your client to perform this exercise three times a day, with
three repetitions per leg per session.

Trunk Side Flexor Stretch

.f{'H. To stretch the quadratus lumborum and lateral portion of
the oblique abdominals.
These muscles are commonly tight after prolonged periods of sitting or
bed rest. Have your client stand with his back against a wall, his feet
shoulder-width apart, his hands clasped behind the head. He should
keep his abdomen hollowed throughout the exercise. Instruct him to
slowly bend his spine (and only his spine) to one side, being very careful
to keep his pelvis level and his knees straight. Until he learns what the
continued
118 . Back Stability
Trunk Side Flexor Stretch. continued

proper movement feels like, you should place your

J.'7:,\
~
':. "'-'
hands on his pelvis and let him know when it's bend-
ing. Tell him to reach his upper elbow as far toward ,
r/ ' J

the ceiling as he can, in an attempt to "lengthen his ."

spine," and to hold this position for 30 seconds. Then

he should repeat the exercise to the other side. The
height of the upper elbow indicates the range of mo-
tion obtained, and the comparative range of each side
will reveal your client's degree of symmetry.
Instruct your client to do this stretch three times a
day on each side.

Four-Point Kneeling Stretch

.fle,,-,. To stretch the erector spinae.
The erector spinae muscles also can tighten ,:-_...

~~
during long periods of sitting or bed rest.
:~
Have your client assume a 4-point kneeling
position. Emphasize that, throughout this
exercise, she must move only her spine, with
her shoulders remaining over her hands and her hips remaining over
her knees at all times. Have her tilt her pelvis posteriorly and continue
flexing her spine until her face points toward the groin. She should hold
this position for 30 seconds, then slowly relax back toward the starting
position.
Instruct your client to perform this exercise three times a day, with six
repetitions per session.

SUMMARY
. Muscles can be divided roughly, although not unambiguously, into

. stabilizer or mobilizer muscles.

Stabilizer muscles tend to be deep, to contain mainly slow-twitch fibers,
to control only one joint, and primarily to prevent movement while

. stabilizing a joint. They are the primary postural muscles.

Mobilizer muscles tend to be more superficial, to contain mainly fast-
twitch fibers, to act over two joints, and primarily to create movement.
 Muscfe Imbalance . 119

· Disuse, long-term bed rest, and injury can cause muscle systems to
become imbalanced-with an agonist shortened while its antagonist
is stretched.
· To train specific muscles, you must carefully target those muscles in
your exercise prescriptions; exercises meant to improve back stability
often fail to do so because they target the wrong muscles (especially
the deep stabilizer muscles).
· You can treat such imbalance by prescribing exercises that strengthen/
shorten the stretched muscle and stretch the shortened muscle; this
chapter describes a number of such exercises.
 ~
Basic Abdominal
Muscle Training
Much of the back stability program involves working on the abdominal
muscles. Especially for your clients who want to take abdominal training
further (to enhance performance rather than merely to build stability),
you must offer training that is both safe and effective. First I want to dis-
cuss currently popular abdominal exercises and assess their effects on the
muscles and tissue. Then I will present modifications to improve the safety
and effectiveness of such exercises.

CURRENT PRACTICE IN ABDOMINAL TRAINING

Abdominal training can be dangerous, whether for competitive sport or
for general fitness. In sport, athletes often adhere with almost religious
fervor to traditional but potentially harmful training methods. In the gen-
eral population, fashion often dictates which movements are in favor-
yet many popular exercises lack reliable scientific foundation. Before you
can prescribe the most appropriate trunk exercises for your clients, you
must understand what the traditional exercises actually achieve. To this
end I will begin by briefly analyzing the two major categories of abdomi-
nal exercises: the sit-up and the leg raise.

The Sit-Up
In the sit-up, an individual comes from a supine lying to a long sitting
position using hip flexion, usually combined with trunk flexion.
In a classic sit-up, the rectus abdominis shows activity as soon as the
head lifts (Walters and Partridge 1957), and as a consequence the rib cage
is depressed anteriorly. This initial period of flexion emphasizes the
supra umbilical portion of the rectus; the infra umbilical portion contracts
later, with the internal oblique (Kendall et al. 1993). As the internal ob-
lique contracts, it pulls on the lower ribs, increasing the infrasternal angle
by causing the ribs to flare out.

120
 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training . 121

Fixation of the pelvis is provided by the hip flexors, especially the ili-
acus through its attachment to the pelvic rim. The strong pull of the hip
flexors is partially counteracted by the pull of the lateral fibers of external
oblique and the infra umbilical portion of the rectus abdominis, which tend
to tilt the pelvis posteriorly. Action of the external oblique, if powerful
enough, compresses the ribs and reduces the infrasternal angle once more
(Kendall et al. 1993).
Problems Resulting From Poor Conditioning
Initiation of the sit-up action sometimes leads to "bow stringing" in poorly
toned individuals. For the superficial abdominals (rectus abdominis and
external oblique) to pull flat, the deep abdominals (transversus abdominis
and internal oblique) must be able to pull on the rectus sheath to hold the
abdominal wall down. Many people, however, have lost the ability to co-
ordinate action of both the superficial and deep abdominals, which this
action requires-the two sets of abdominal muscles are imbalanced, with
poorly recruited deep abdominals and dominant superficial abdominals.
When this is the case, the abdominal wall appears to dome and the athlete
may lift the trunk with the lumbar spine extended or flat rather than flexed
(figure 6.1).

KEY POINT: Weak deep abdominal muscles cannot hold the

rectus abdominis down as it contracts, leading to "doming" of
the abdominal wall.

Figure 6.1 Trunk alignment during a sit-up exercise. (a) Strong deep
abdominals flatten abdominal wall. (b) Weakened deep abdominals allow
abdominal wall "doming," while lengthened superficial abdominals allow
anterior pelvic tilt and hollowing of the back.
From Norris 1998.
122 . BackStability

Poorly conditioned subjects also tend to use the hip extensors to mo-
mentarily tilt the pelvis posteriorly at the beginning of a sit-up,
prestretching the hip flexors. This gives the hip flexors a mechanical ad-
vantage before hip flexion occurs and reduces both the work required of
the abdomina Is and the conditioning effect of the exercise on the
abdominals.
During this phase, the abdominal muscles work eccentrically (Ricci et
al. 1981).
Effects of Foot Fixation
If a person attempts a sit-up from the supine position without allowing
trunk flexion, the legs tend to lift up from the supporting surface-this
occurs because the legs constitute roughly one-third of total body weight
whereas the trunk contributes two-thirds.
The upper body's center of gravity moves toward the hip as the ab-
dominal muscles flex the spine, reducing the lever arm of the trunk and
enabling the subject to perform the sit-up without lifting the legs (figure
6.2).
When the abdominal muscles are weak and lengthened, maximum spi-
nal flexion does not occur because the muscles are unable to pull the lum-
bar spine into full inner range-the lever arm of the trunk remains long,
and the legs lift. The point at which this occurs in the movement depends
on a subject's weight and height.
If the feet are fixed, however, the hip flexors can pull powerfully with-
out causing the legs to lift. The act of foot fixation itself, in fact, may facili-
tate the iliopsoas Oanda and Schmid 1980). To pull against the fixation
point, one must use active dorsiflexion-which simulates the gait pattern
at heel contact, increasing activity in the tibialis anterior, quadriceps, and
iliopsoas (a pattern known as flexor synergy during gait) (Atkinson 1986).

, ,-, , ,
, ...-......, ,, ,
I ,---_ ~r- , ,
I... ,....
\ , , ...'" ,
" "',..-' , ,
", " ,
,,

Figure 6.2 As the trunk flexes, the center of gravity of the upper body moves
caudally.
From Norris 1998.
 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training. 123

KEY POINT: The hip flexor muscles contract powerfully in a 1

traditional sit-up. Fixing the foot causes the hip flexors to work
even harder, without significantly increasing the work on the
abdominal muscles.

The Straight-Leg Raise

The bilateral straight-leg raise (SLR) creates only slight activity in the up-
per rectus, although the lower rectus contributes a greater proportion of
the total abdominal work in this exercise than with the sit-up (Lipetz and
Cutin 1970). The rectus works isometrically to fix the pelvis against the
strong pull of iliopsoas (Silvermetz 1990). The iliopsoas contracts with
maximum force when the lever arm of the leg is greatest (near the hori-
zontal) and reduces as the leg is lifted toward the vertical.

Problems Resulting From Poor Conditioning

In subjects with weaker abdominals, the pelvis tilts and the lumbar spine
hyperextends during the SLR. This forced hyperextension dramatically
increases stress on the facet joints, especially those in the lumbar spine.
The movement is likely to be limited by impaction of the inferior articular
processes on the laminae of the vertebrae below (see chapter 2) or, in some
cases, by contact between the spinous processes (Twomey and Taylor 1987).
Rapid action of this kind can damage the facet joint structures. Once the
facet and lamina are touching each other, further loading causes axial ro-
tation of the superior vertebra (Yang and King 1984); the superior verte-
bra then pivots, causing the inferior articular process to move backward,
overstretching the joint capsule.
Effects of Arm Fixation
When the legs are lifted in an SLR, the body position is less secure because
its base of support is smaller. People tend to rock toward the side of the
lifted leg (where one leg is lifted) or to struggle to keep their backs on the
floor (where both legs are lifted). Fixing the arms by holding onto an over-
head object (e.g., gym bench) with the arms, or by pressing down with the
flats of the hands with the arms by the side, improves the security of the
starting position.
The disadvantage of fixing the arms, however, is that people can pull harder
with their hip flexors without realizing they have lost their lumbar align-
ment. This is especially true of the bilateral leg raise action. At the beginning
of this action the leverage from the legs is maximal, as they are horizontal.
Without fixing their arms, poorly conditioned subjects may be unable to lift
their legs at all-thereby self-limiting potential stress on the lumbar spine.
With arms fixed, however, they may be able to lift their legs by rapidly pulling
124 . Back Stability
with their arms and "jerking" their legs up with a rapid contraction of the
hip flexors. Once the legs move toward the vertical, their leverage is reduced
and the movement can be continued-leading people to believe (wrongly)
that, since they completed the action, they must have performed it correctly.
The jerking action is extremely dangerous, however, due to the compression
and shear forces it imposes on the lumbar spine.
For SLRs, then, permit your clients to fix their arms only when they will
perform the exercises in a slow and controlled fashion, and only after you
have chosen the exercise most appropriate for their specific body condi-
tion. Straight-leg actions are inappropriate for poorly conditioned sub-
jects or for those with a history of back pain.

MODIFICATIONS OF TRADITIONAL
ABDOMINAL EXERCISES
Your clients will find it easier to learn modifications of exercises they al-
ready know than to learn totally new procedures. Such modifications also
may be more acceptable to "experienced trainers" than if you try to con-
vince them to change their ways completely. Remember that in every case
your clients should begin with their abdomens hollowed and their lum-
bar spines in neutral position. Except where otherwise noted, have your
clients perform 8-10 reps of each exercise once a day, three days per week.
Except where otherwise noted, the initial movement of each exercise should
take about 2-3 seconds; your clients should hold the position for 1-3 sec-
onds; then should perform the reverse movement in 2-3 seconds. Note,
however, that these are mere guidelines. If at any time your clients are not
working hard enough, increase the overload by slowing down the exer-
cise or increasing the number of repetitions. If they are working too hard,
reduce the overload.
As your clients become more proficient at a given exercise, they can in-
crease the number of repetitions, perform the movements more slowly, and/
or increase the time for the holding period. Remember to emphasize to your
clients that, when moving slowly, they must breathe normally (no holding
their breaths!). The limiting factor is not how many times individuals can
superficially perform an exercise-but rather how well they can do it while
stilI maintaining proper spinal alignment and abdominal hal/owing.

Modifications of the Sit-Up

Bending the knees and hips to alter the starting position of the sit-up af-
fects both passive and active actions of the hip flexors, and the biome-
chanics of the lumbar spine. Supine lying stretches the iliopsoas, aligning
it with the horizontal (figure 6.3). As the muscle contracts in this position,
 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training. 125

trunk lifting is at a mechanical disadvantage and vertebral compression is

at its greatest-the ratio of lifting to compression is approximately 1:10
(Watson 1983). Flexing the knees pulls the iliopsoas more vertically, re-
ducing the ratio of trunk lifting to vertebral compression to 2:5 in crook
lying and 1:1 in bench lying.
If flexion historically has exacerbated clients' back pain (consult with
their physical therapists on this), they can use fewer repetitions (2 or 3)
while increasing the exercise timing (8-12 seconds in each direction). This
schedule reduces the number of flexion movements but maintains the
overload on the muscle.
With 450 hip flexion, tension in the iliopsoas is 70-80% of its maximum;
with the hips and knees flexed to 900,the figure reduces to 40-50% Gohnson
and Reid 1991). Note, however, that the iliopsoas develop passive tension
due to elastic recoil. Since the iliopsoas are not fully stretched when the
hips are flexed, they cannot passively limit the posterior tilt of the pelvis.
Instead, to fix the pelvis and provide a stable base for the abdominals to
pull on when the hips are flexed, the hip flexors contract earlier in the sit-
up action. This contraction has reduced intensity (Walters and Partridge
1957), however, due to the length-tension relationship of the muscle.

Pull of iliopsoas

Trunk
lifting t~
.
1:10 Vertebral 1:1
compression
2:5

Figure 6.3 Flexing the hip lengthens the moment arm of the iliopsoas, en-
abling the muscle to complete the sit-up action with less force. Thus, verte.
bral compression is reduced.
From Norris 1998.
126 . BackStability
With the legs straight in the traditional sit-up position, the iliopsoas are
stretched and can passively limit posterior tilting of the pelvis. The
stretched position also enables the iliopsoas to exert greater force during
hip flexion-which means that, if the abdominal muscles are too weak to
maintain the position of the pelvis, the stronger hip flexors will hyperex-
tend the lumbar spine and cause the pelvis to tilt forward, thus lengthen-
ing the abdominals and hyperextending the lumbar spine. This type of
action is therefore unsuitable for postural re-education if the aim is to
shorten lengthened abdominal muscles.

Bent Knee Sit-Up

.1I.m. To strengthen the abdominals while reducing the action of
the hip flexors.
Have your client begin with the
crook lying position, knees flexed
to 90° and hips flexed to 45°. He
should lift his trunk, moving from
the hip alone, and either at the
same time or slightly later should
flex his hips. Suggest that he
imagine himself as a hinge pivot-
ing on the hip joint. The action
must be slow and controlled, without strain. A pure bent knee sit-up
requires keeping the spine straight, moving it around the fixed hip,
and reducing the action of the hip flexors. Tell your client that, if he
feels his back muscles straining instead of his abdomina Is, he should
stop the exercise and perform abdominal hollowing before resum-
ing the exercise.

Trunk Curl
.''117.'. To shorten and strengthen the rectus abdominis.
In this exercise there is no hip
flexion, the lumbar spine re-
maining in contact with the
supporting surface. Have
your client assume the crook
lying position, knees flexed
to 90° and hips flexed to 45°.
continued
 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training' 127

Trunk Curl, continued

Instruct him to "roll through the spine," performing cervical flexion until
the chin comes toward the chest, followed by thoracic flexion, until only
the lumbar spine remains on the supporting surface. He then should
reverse these actions, first lowering the thoracic spine from bottom to
top and finally releasing the cervical spine so that the head is gently
lowered back onto the supporting surface.

Bench Curl
.f{17.:.'" To strengthen the upper abdominals (supraumbilical por-
tion of rectus abdominis with the lateral fibers of external
oblique) while reducing the pull of the hip flexors and
lessening the stresses on the lumbar spine.
The bench curl is performed from
a starting position of 90° flexion
at both the hip and the knee, with
the calves supported on a bench
or chair. Since shortening the hip
flexors in this way reduces their
ability to contribute to the move-
ment, hip flexor action does not
obscure the action of the
abdominals. Instruct your client to "roll through the spine" just as in the
trunk curl.

Modifications of the Straight-Leg Raise

As none of the abdominal muscles actually crosses the hip, these muscles
are not prime movers for the SLR. The SLR is nevertheless important for
abdominal training because it enhances the pelvic stabilizing function of
the infra umbilical portion of the rectus abdominis and lateral external
oblique.
Several modifications of the bilateral straight-leg raise can help reduce
stress on the lumbar spine.
128 . Back Stability

Heel Slide (see also

discussion of this action in chapter 8)
.f'[,,~,. To statically overload the abdominal muscles, increasing
the emphasis on the deep abdominals.
Have your client assume a crook lying position, then straighten one leg
while keeping the heel on the ground and sliding the leg into extension.
Instruct her to place her hands over her lower abdomen on either side
of the navel, her fingertips 5-6 inches apart. She should perform ab-
dominal hollowing and keep the abdominal muscles tight beneath her
hands as she slowly performs the leg action over a period of about 3-5
seconds (see page 170).

Leg Lowering

.fI'l'1. To increase the static overload on the abdominal muscles

while maintaining a neutral spine.
Instructyourclienttoliesu- -
pine with hips flexed to 90° but
with the knees extended so that
the straightened legs are verti-
cal. Tell him to slowly lower his
legs until the pelvis begins to
tilt. As soon as this occurs, he
should raise the legs again to
90° hip flexion. Each cycle
should take about 3-5 seconds.
The advantage of this exercise
over the standard straight-leg
raise is one of changing leverage. With the standard leg raising action,
the subject starts with maximum leverage on the leg, forcing the hip
flexors and abdomina Is to work maximally from the very beginning.
With leg lowering, the starting position provides minimum leverage.
As the legs are lowered away from the vertical, leverage increases-but
the subject is able to control the descent of the legs and avoid the posi-
tion of maximal leverage that would cause the spine to hyperextend.
Should a client find the leg lowering difficult to control, tell him to bend
his knees in order to reduce leverage on the leg; or have him perform
the exercise close to a wall, so he cannot fully lower the legs.
 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training . 129

Bench Lying Pelvic Raise

.fI.1~'" To strengthen the abdominal muscles, especially the lower
(infraumbilical) portion of rectus abdominis.
Instruct your client to lie supine
and flex both hips and knees
90o-a position she will main-
tain throughout the movement.
i(........ ,
5he should place her arms by her
sides, hands flat on the table or
floor. Have her lift her buttocks
from the ground by flexing her
lumbar spine, while keeping her
legs relatively inactive. Al-
~~~o /
though in this movement the
lumbar spine is flexed as with
the trunk curl, the movement occurs from "below upward" with the L5-
51 joint moving first followed by flexion of each successively higher
lumbar segment. The trunk curl provides the reverse movement (above
downward) (McKenzie 1981).

Wall Bar Hanging Leg Raise

.fll1~'" To strengthen the lower rectus, with increasing leg lever-
age, while providing traction for the lumbar spine.
Performing leg raises while hanging from a wall bar considerably re-
duces the leverage forces on the lumbar spine and provides traction.
Explain to your client that he must hold a neutral pelvic position through-
out all versions of this exercise, preventing anterior tilt of the pelvis,
and (except in the last variation) pressing the small of his back into the
wall bars. There are three forms of the exercise:
1. Instruct your client to stand with his back against the wall bar, place
his arms overhead, and hold onto a bar above head height. Then, avoid-
ing any jerking action, he should slowly take his weight onto his arms
and, keeping his legs straight, raise his feet slightly off the ground (a).
Tell him to feel the stretch through the whole of his spine-and to tighten
his abdominal muscles while pressing his lower back into the wall bar
and breathing normally. Instruct him to hold this position for 2-3 seconds,
and then release it slowly.
continued
130 . Back Stability

Wall Bar Hanging Leg Raise, continued

a b

2. The action then progresses to include hip and knee flexion. For this
exercise, instruct your client to bend his knees and raise them until he
has achieved 90° hip flexion (Le., knees level with hips), while still keep-
ing the lumbar spine in contact with the wall bars. Be sure that he doesn't
jerk his knees up-the movement should be slow, lasting about 3-5 sec-
onds. Suggest that he focus his attention on his abdominal muscles,
pulling them in as he moves his legs. After holding the 90° flexed posi-
tion for 2-3 seconds, he should slowly lower his legs to the starting posi-
tion.
3. The final progression of this exercise requires flexing the lumbar
spine to lift the back away from the support of the wall bars. This action,
while working the abdominals hard, also strengthens and possibly short-
ens the hip flexors. Once your client has reached the 90° flexed position
as in the previous exercise, instruct him to round his spine in order to
slowly lift his tailbone away from the wall bar (b). Emphasize that, in
the reverse movement, your client must not allow his body to "fall" and
strike his tailbone hard onto the wall bar.

AB ROLLER EXERCISES
The ab roller can help your clients re-educate their muscles for the trunk
curl action (spinal flexion) as distinct from the sit-up movement (straight
spine moving on a fixed femur). The frame allows only trunk flexion, while
the subject's lumbar spine remains in contact with the ground.
 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training . 131

Basic Crunch
.,{l7~'. To work the abdominal muscles in general, with increased
emphasis on inner-range activity of the upper abdominals.
Instruct your client to lie on her back with
her knees bent and feet flat on the floor
(crook lying), her head and neck on the neck
rest of the machine. She should either grasp
the centers of the curled handles at the sides
of the device's arms or hold her arms
straight with her wrists against the horizon-
tal piece that connects the handles-which-
ever is more comfortable for her. Tell her to
curl her trunk ("basic crunch"), keeping her
head on the pad and gently assisting the movement by extending the
shoulder. Her focus should be on pulling the abdominal wall in (hol-
lowing). There is a tendency with this exercise for people to rapidly
"pump" the movement-an error that adds considerable momentum to
the spine and may forcibly overstretch the posterior tissues. Make sure
that the exercise stays slow and controlled, following the earlier-stated
principle that each movement should last 2-3 seconds. With time, your
client will gain sufficient control to rest her elbows on the machine pads
and press down with her elbows (shoulder extension), gripping only
lightly with her open hand on the machine frame.

Reverse Crunch
.f{t7~'.'ntense strengthening for the lower rectus abdominis.
This action emphasizes the lower portion of rec-
tus abdominis. Instruct your client to raise her
legs (one at a time) into a vertical position and
maintain this position throughout the exercise.
The exercise action is to vertically lift the leg as
though trying to reach the toes to the ceiling,
while keeping the upper body still. In so doing,
she will lift her sacrum from the floor, a move-
ment which combines posterior pelvic tilt with
lower lumbar flexion. The movement must be
slow and controlled with no lunging or bouncing.
132 . Back Stability

Double Crunch

.1'['7.:.'"To strengthen the upper and lower rectus abdom;n;s.

The double crunch movement combines the
actions of the trunk curl and the leg raise,
working both the upper and lower portions
of the rectus abdominis. Since two body areas
work together for this exercise, it requires a
greater degree of coordination than the other
crunches. Starting position is the same as that
of the basic crunch. Instruct your client to si-
multaneously (1) raise her knees toward her
chest, posteriorly tilting the pelvis; and (2) raise her upper body (as in
the basic crunch) to flex the spine. The lumbar spine remains on the
floor, while the shoulders and sacrum both lift off the floor. She should
perform the action slowly and precisely, avoiding the excess momen-
tum on the spine that rapid "pumping" actions cause. Make sure that
she neither holds her breath nor hyperventilates (breathes too rapidly).
If she does hyperventilate, she should rest on her side and not attempt
to stand up until the lightheadedness has passed.

Side Crunch
.1'[.7.:.'" To strengthen the oblique abdom;nals wh;le also working
the rectus abdom;n;s.
Have your client begin in the basic crunch
position, then lower her knees to one side;
she should raise her arms up straight and
cross them, her wrists resting on the hori-
zontal bar as in one version of the basic
crunch. Instruct her to perform, from this
altered starting position, the same actions as
in the basic crunch-to curl her trunk, keep-
ing her head on the pad. Since asymmetry is
common in this body region, your client may find that one side is stron-
ger or more flexible than the other; as she continues with this exercise
(assuming she uses correct form), the asymmetry should resolve and
both sides should perform equally.
 Basic Abdominal Muscle Training. 133

SUMMARY
· Popular abdominal exercises can be only moderately effective, or even
dangerous, for some people with lower back injuries.
· Poorly conditioned individuals tend to place emphasis on the wrong
muscles to perform straight-leg raises and sit-ups; modified versions
of these exercises force them to use the correct muscles.
· Poorly conditioned subjects, or those with a history of back pain,
should avoid straight-leg abdominal exercises altogether.
· It is generally more productive for you to introduce your clients to
modifications of exercises they already know than to try to teach them
totally new movements.
· This chapter introduces specific abdominal exercises that are both safe
and maximally effective for functional abdominal training.
 7
Posture

Because postural alignment reflects changes in muscle length, it is the

first form of assessment you will generally use to determine muscle im-
balance. Before you can diagnose changes in alignment, however, you need
a standard of optimal posture. The body moves continually around the
optimal position in a process called body sway, and back stability is an
essential component of this mechanism. In this chapter, I describe four
principal types of posture.

OPTIMAL POSTURAL ALIGNMENT

Posture is the arrangement of body parts in a state of balance that protects
the supporting structures of the body against injury or progressive defor-
mity-a definition given in 1947 by the Posture Committee of the Ameri-
can Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (Cailliet 1983). A good posture is
therefore effortless, nonfatiguing, and painless when the individual re-
mains erect for reasonable periods (Cailliet 1981). Muscles function most
efficiently in such an alignment, and the joints are optimally positioned
(Bullock-Saxton 1988).
Optimal posture combines both minimal muscle work and minimal joint
loading. It is the combination of these two factors that is important-where
optimal posture is lost (for example in "slouched standing"), the muscle
activity is clearly reduced, but there is a significant increase in joint load-
mg.
Minimizing joint loading over time is important-articular cartilage gains
its nutrition through intermittent loading (Norris 1998), and an even dis-
tribution of force is preferable to point pressure. Contact pressure is di-
rectly proportional to the transmitted force, but inversely proportional to
area (McConnell 1993). Distributing force over a larger area by optimiz-
ing segmental alignment, therefore, reduces joint surface compression and
lessens the risk of degenerative changes to a joint. The aim of any posture
should be to reduce total energy expenditure and lessen stress on the sup-
porting body structures.

134
 Posture . 135

_ Terms-You Shoultl Know ~

lateral malleolus the lower end of the fibula that forms the projec-
tion of the ankle
tragus cartilaginous projection over the external opening of the ear

KEY POINT: A good posture reduces total energy expenditure

I and lessens the stress on the supporting body structures.
- - -
Any change in the alignment of one body segment automatically causes
neighboring segments to move in an attempt to maintain stability. If one
body segment moves forward, for example, another must move backward
to keep the line of gravity of the body (LOG) within the base of support
(figure 7.1). Over time, changes in force per unit area cause tissue adapta-
tion (Norkin and Levangie 1992). Changes in serial sarcomere number
within muscles (see chapter 5), for example, are adaptations to postural
changes over time. Shortening ligaments lead to reduced range of mo-
tion, while lengthening ligaments reduce a joint's passive stability.
Static posture-when the body is stationary-reflects the alignment of
body segments and can reflect both changes in load distribution across
joints and resting muscle length. Such postures include standing, sitting,
and lying. Dynamic posture-body position during movement-can give
information about body segment alignment, muscle actions, and motor
skill. Typical dynamic postures are walking, running, jumping, and lift-
ing. You can use both description of position (kinematic) and of force
(kinetic) to assess posture.

POSTURAL STABILITY AND BODY SWAY

When standing erect, the human body has a small base of support due to
its bipedal stance and comparatively high center of gravity (approximately

m
m
-0
o
ctJ
Figure 7.1 When one body segment
ctJ-
moves out of alignment, a neighboring
segment moves in the opposite direction to maintain the line of gravity within
the base of support.
136 . Back Stability

at the second sacral segment). Humans are thus relatively unstable in com-
parison with quadrupeds with their larger base of support and lower cen-
ter of gravity. Maintaining an erect posture takes surprisingly little en-
ergy, however, as a result of constant motion brought about by postural
control. This motion (postural sway) depends on kinesthesis, or "motion
sense" (Kent 1994), which enables us to detect the position of our body
parts through organs of proprioception, vision, the vestibular apparatus
in the inner ear, and skin receptors. Normal postural sway consists of a
small continuous motion in the sagittal plane. This oscillation of the cen-
ter of gravity results from alternating muscle activity-possibly a relief
mechanism to reduce lower-limb fatigue and to aid blood flow (Bullock-
Saxton et al. 1991).
Excessive postural sway generally reveals poor balance and stability, a
situation commonly seen in the elderly and inactive. Heavier people also
may exhibit greater body sway (Sugano and Takeya 1970), as may taller
individuals (Murray et al. 1975).Training usually can reduce postural sway.
In the elderly, strength training may improve stability and limit postural
sway (Hughes et al. 1996); following ankle injury, postural sway increases.
By using balance and coordination training, body sway may be reduced
to normal values once more (Bernier and Perrin 1998). Levels of postural
sway can predict risk of recurrent falls among frail nursing home resi-
dents (Thapa et al. 1996). Lord and colleagues (1996) reduced fracture risk
in women (ages 60-85) using a general aerobic exercise program whose
effect was to improve postural sway rather than to change bone density.

BASIC POSTURAL ASSESSMENT

You can assess static posture through comparisons to a standard reference
line (Kendall et al. 1993), which represents the line of gravity. A weight
board can help identify both the center of gravity (COG) and the vertical
extension of this point to the ground (line of gravity). Find the horizontal
distance from the edge of the board to the subject's line of gravity (d) by
multiplying the combined weight of subject and board by the total length
of the board (L) and dividing the result by the subject's body weight (W).
See Luttgens and Wells (1982) for full details of this method.
As the vertical extension of the COG, the LOG must pass within the
body's base of support to maintain stability. The closer the body segments
are to the LOG, the less torque there is around a joint. Where the LOG
passes through the joint axis, no torque is created around that joint. If the
LOG passes some distance from the joint axis, gravitational torque would
tend to move the body segment toward the line of gravity were the seg-
ment not counterbalanced by elastic recoil of soft tissue and muscle action
(Norkin and Levangie 1992). With the LOG anterior to the joint axis, the
 Posture . 137

proximal segment of the body connected to the joint tends to move anteri-
orly (figure 7.2); posterior motion tends to occur when the LOG is poste-
rior to the joint axis.
In the standard posture (viewed from the side), the subject is positioned
with a plumb line representing the LOG, passing just in front of lateral
malleolus (the bulge on the outside of the ankle). In an ideal posture, this
line should pass just anterior to the midline of the knee and then through
the greater trochanter, bodies of the lumbar vertebrae, shoulder joint, bod-
ies of the cervical vertebrae, and the lobe of the ear (figure 7.3). Since the
LOG is anterior to the ankle joint, gravity is continuously pulling the tibia
anteriorly. This would result in enough dorsiflexion to unbalance the body
were it not for constant opposing resistance provided by muscle action
from the soleus (Nor kin and Levangie 1992). The LOG passes in front of
the knee joint axis (but behind the patella), forcing the femur anteriorly
and creating an extension torque resisted by the posterior knee structures.
Table 7.1 shows the gravitational torques created by the position of the
LOG and the opposing structures resisting these torques.
When viewed from the front, with the feet 3-4 inches (10 cm) apart, the
LOG should bisect the body into two equal halves. The anterior superior
iliac spines (ASIS) should be approximately in the same horizontal plane,
and the pubis and ASIS should be in the same vertical plane (Kendall et
al. 1993). This alignment defines the neutral lumbar-pelvic alignment,
which typically is about 5° to the horizontal. The joint axes of the hips,
knees, and ankles should be equidistant from the LOG, and the LOG should
transect the vertebral bodies (Nor kin and Levangie 1992). The gravita-
tional torque imposed on one side of the body should equal that of the
other side.
Anatomical landmarks that provide comparisons for horizontal level
on the right and left sides of the body include the knee creases, buttock

Gravity line

Figure 7.2 When the gravity line falls outside a joint, the proximal body
segment tends to move toward the gravity line.
138 . BackStability
creases, pelvic rim, inferior angle of
the scapulae, acromion processes,
ears, and the external occipital pro-
tuberances. You also can observe
alignment of the spinous processes
and rib angles; minor scoliosis be-
comes more evident when assessed
in Adam's position (forward flexion
in standing). Unequal distances be-
tween arms and trunk (referred to as
the keyhole), various skin creases, or
unequal muscle bulk should prompt
you to closer examination. You
should also assess foot and ankle
alignment. Figure 7.4 provides a
simple checklist for postural assess-
ment in the clinic. View the subject
from behind and assess the symmetry
of each of the body parts shown in
the first column of figure 7.4 by com-
paring the right and left sides of the
body. Record your observations in the
section headed Notes (e.g., "head
tilted to right," "left shoulder higher
than right," or "left scapula lower").
These notes will highlight the region
of the body that requires local test-
ing of muscle length and joint move-
ment by yourself or another therapist.
Another way to assess static pos-
ture is to use a posture grid. The pos-
ture grid again uses a plumb line as a
reference, but the subject stands be-
hind a screen divided into 10-cm
squares to aid inspection of body part
alignment.
To ensure reliability of the plumb
line assessment for a given client, you
Figure 7.3 The standard reference
must perform it at the same time of
line for posture. day to help remove diurnal variabil-
Reprinted, by permission, fromJ.C. Griffin, ity (Tyrrell et al. 1985). Have subjects
1998, Client-centered exercise prescription stand with their feet 10 em apart.
(Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics), 66. They should walk on the spot (10
 Posture . 13 9

Table 7.1 Normal Alignment in the Sagittal Plane

Opposing forces
Passive Active
Line of Gravitational opposing opposing
Joints gravity torque forces forces
Atlanto- Anterior Flexion Ligamentum Posterior
occipital Anterior to nuchae; tector- neck muscles
transverse axis ial membrane
for flexion and
extension
Cervical Posterior Extension Anterior longitu-
dinalligament
Thoracic Anterior Flexion Posterior longi- Extensors
tudinalligament;
ligamentum
flavum; supra-
spinous ligament
Lumbar Posterior Extension Anterior longi-
tudinalligament
Sacroiliac Anterior Flexion type Sacrotuberous
joint motion ligament; sacro-
spinous ligament;
sacroiliac ligament
Hip joint Posterior Extension Iliofemoral Iliopsoas
ligament
Knee Anterior Extension Posterior joint
joint capsule
Ankle Anterior Dorsiflexion Soleus
joint
Reprinted, by permission, from c.c. Norkin and P.K.Levangie, 1992, Joint structure
and function: A comprehensive analysis, 2d ed. (Philadelphia: Davis).

paces) and then come to rest, to aid general body relaxation. Instruct your
clients to maintain their "normal" posture rather than to seek to modify
or improve it.
You can refine whole-body posture analysis by measuring alignment of
individual body segments. You can assess pelvic tilt with a pelvic incli-
nometer, which measures the angle of pelvic tilt relative to the horizontal.
The inclinometer consists of a protractor mounted on a base plate and
attached to a pair of bone calipers. The inclinometer reads 0° when the
caliper arms are horizontal. The end of the arms are positioned over the
posterior superior iliac spine and the anterior superior iliac spine of one
side of the body. The inclinometer dial shows the angle of pelvic tilt in the
 Position of body part Notes

Head position

Shoulder level

Position of
shoulder blade
alignment

Skin creases at
waist and spinal
alignment

level of bullock
creases

level of knee
creases

Calf muscle bulk

and Achilles
alignment

Flat foot or
high arch

Figure 7.4 Assessing standing posture from behind.

From C. Norris, 199B, Diagnosis and management, 2d ed. (Oxford: Butterworth
Heinemann). Reprinted by permission of Butterworth Heinemann Publishers, a division
of Reed Educational & Professional Publishing Ltd.

140
 Posture . 141

sagittal plane. This method of assessing pelvic tilt appears to be accurate

to within::!: %0 (Toppenberg and Bullock 1986).
Inclinometers are highly reliable and quite valid in comparison with
lateral radiographs (Crowell et al. 1994). Pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis
are intimately linked, with changes in pelvic tilt causing significant alter-
ation in the depth of the lordosis (Day et al. 1984). Bullock-Saxton (1993)
demonstrated that inclinometer measurement is repeatable in both nor-
mal and symptomatic females: subjects were measured three times on a
single day with three-minute intervals between consecutive tests, and then
over three separate days with a four-day rest period between each test.
You can use a flexible ruler to measure the depth of lordosis. Locate the
spinous process of the second sacral segment (52), which lies between the
posterior superior iliac spines. Palpate each spinous process from 52, count-
ing back to the first lumbar vertebra (Ll) (figure 7.5). Record the length

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

Figure 7.5 S2 lies between the posterior superior iliac spines. Palpate each
spinous process cephalically from S2 up to L1. Use a flexible ruler to assess
the depth of lumbar lordosis.
 142 . Back Stability
(radius) of the traced curvature (L) of the lordosis from Ll to 52 and the
depth of the lordosis (H) from the line joining Ll-52 to the deepest part of
the lordotic curve, as shown on figure 7.5. Calculate the lordotic index
(8) using the arctan formula,

8 =4 arctan(2H/L).
Arctan is a trigonometric term that can be calculated on most scientific
calculators or computer spreadsheet programs. The flexible ruler method
of assessing lordosis is highly reliable, as verified by lateral radiographs
(Hart and Rose 1986; Lovell et a1. 1989). Lordosis measured in this man-
ner showed average (mean) values of 50.9° in normal individuals and 40.4°
in subjects who demonstrated lower abdominal weakness, confirmed as
an inability to maintain alignment on supine leg lowering tasks (Levine et
a1. 1997).
Detect head position relative to trunk position with a stadiometer, an
apparatus used to measure horizontal displacement of body segments
relative to each other. The stadiometer consists of two or more sliding
arms mounted on a vertical frame. The arms may be raised or lowered to
the level of the body segments being measured, and then adjusted for-
ward and backward (horizontally). A scale on the side of the horizontal
arm shows the distance of each body segment from the vertical arm. Record
the craniovertebral (CV) angle by measuring the degree of forward shift
of the head, which pulls the suboccipital region into hyperextension
(Watson 1994). The CV angle is that formed between a horizontal line
through the C7 spinous process and the tragus (the prominence on the
inner side of the ear) (figure 7.6). The average CV angle in asymptomatic
subjects is 50° (range 48.6-52.0°); people who complain of cervical head-
aches have reduced angles (44.3°) (Watson 1994), indicating a head-held-
forward posture as described by McKenzie (1990).

Figure 7.6 Using a stadiometer to measure the craniovertebral (CV) angle.

\
 Posture. 143

KEY POINT: Local "low-tech" measures of posture can be valid,

reliable, and reproducible.

PRINCIPLES OF POSTURAL CORRECTION

Correcting posture requires a combination of several factors, embracing
the approach to muscle imbalance described in chapter 5. Shortened
muscles must be stretched, and lengthened muscle shortened. Static and
PNF techniques can stretch muscles, while inner-range holding techniques
can shorten lengthened muscles and build postural holding time. You must
use principles of motor skill training (Norris 1998).
Make use of the three stages of motor skill training to help your clients
regain segmental control (table 7.2). In the cognitive stage, your client must
learn objectively the requirements of a skill. In terms of postural re-
education, this often involves passive positioning of optimal posture-
you place your clients passively into the optimal postural alignment by
correcting pelvic tilt, for example, and instruct them to hold this position.
This passive positioning is repeated several times until your clients are
able to recreate the optimal position themselves. This signifies that they
have progressed to the second stage of skill training (motor). During the
second stage, the key factor is that individuals can identify their own mis-
takes. In the case of posture this means that they can consciously move
into the optimal posture. Once they have achieved this ability, they are
ready to perform a home-exercise program designed to build endurance

Table 7.2 Stages of Motor Skill Learning

Cognitive Motor Automatic
. Stage of understanding .Effective movement
now obtained
.Movement
itself'
"runs by

.Environmental
important
cues . Movement more
consistent
.tion
Independent of atten-
demands
. Use information from
past experiences
.Able to identify own .Action very fast

. Poorly coordinated .mistakes

Proprioception more
important than visual
. Unable to identify own

. mistakes
Visual/verbal cues
more important
than proprioceptive
. Much coaching
needed
144 . Back Stability
of the postural muscles. Only after many thousands of repetitions of a
movement will a person move into the third and final stage of motor train-
ing (automatic). Now, he is able to maintain an optimal postural align-
ment without conscious control because the action has become automatic.
The process of learning to drive a car illustrates the three stages of mo-
tor learning. When we first learn to drive, the actions are difficult and we
must concentrate on many separate activities. The actions become easier
with repetition, as we begin to integrate the independent actions into a
whole. Eventually, driving becomes largely automatic. Similarly, the sepa-
rate components of postural control must be corrected individually and
then pieced together to form a more complex single movement. By divid-
ing the total movement into a number of component sequences, you can
help your client learn the action more easily.
Correcting a posture so that the correction becomes automatic is ex-
tremely difficult. If poor posture is held by shortened tissue, stretching
can sufficiently lengthen tissue so that posture can change permanently-
assuming that the tissue is not allowed to shorten again through poor
postural alignment. If poor posture is the result of muscle weakness
brought on through injury (wasting or pain inhibition), muscle strength-
ening may successfully optimize posture.
For many cases of poor stability, progressive exercises and propriocep-
tive training can effectively enhance stability and produce positive pos-
tural changes. When posture has been suboptimal for many years, how-
ever, full correction probably is not possible. Certainly improvements can
be made, and these may be clinically significant (especially in relieving
pain), but they will be limited.
As an example of postural re-education, consider how you might treat
common lordotic posture. This posture combines lack of active lumbar
stability, lengthening of the rectus abdominis, and shortening of both ham-
strings and hip flexors; moreover, the gluteus maximus often is poorly
recruited. Re-education begins with stabilization training for the back,
emphasizing use of the deep abdominals. Once your client has enhanced
her basic stability, she should stretch her hamstrings. She could then com-
bine the two separate activities, using a hamstring stretch in sitting posi-
tion while maintaining spinal alignment. Following work to improve re-
cruitment of the gluteals, stretch the hip flexors, and shorten the rectus
abdominis, she should begin whole-body postural re-education using
standing, walking, and sitting movements. Finally, she would begin prop-
rioceptive training as described on page 197.
Especially in the early stages of learning, you could use taping to give
your client feedback. The taping performs two functions: First, structural
taping or bracing can support a hypermobile segment of the body; sec-
ond, functional taping can provide tactile feedback. In the latter case, skin
 Posture. 145

drag will remind your client that her posture has moved away from the
optimal alignment (place breathable undertaping under zinc oxide tape
to protect the skin) (Norris 1994b).

POSTURE TYPES AND HOW TO CORRECT THEM

There are four classic abnormal posture types (figure 7.7). In the lordotic
posture, the main feature is excessive anterior pelvic tilt (a). Anterior dis-
placement of the pelvis characterizes the swayback (b), while the flatback
has slight posterior pelvic tilting and loss of lumbar lordosis (c). In the
kyphotic posture the thoracic curve is excessive (d).

lordotic Posture
In the classic lordotic or "hollow back" posture, the greater trochanter re-
mains on the LOG, but the pelvis tilts anteriorly, moving the anterior supe-
rior iliac spine (ASIS) forward and downward in relation to the pubic bone.
The abdominal muscles and gluteals are typically lengthened and have
poor tone. Over time, the hip flexors may shorten, and pelvic tilt is limited
by tightness in the overactive and tight hamstrings (Jull and Janda 1987).
In an extreme lordotic posture seen in chronic obesity, the lumbar spine
rests in extension with the lumbar facet joints impacted; the elastic recoil
of the hamstrings allows the pelvis to hang. Janda and Schmid (1980) call
this posture the pelvic crossed syndrome: high contact pressures occur in
the facet joints, with the inferior articular processes impinging on the lamina

a b c d
Figure 7.7 Classic abnormal posture types: (a) lordotic; (b) swayback;
(c) flatback; and (d) kyphotic.
146 . Back Stability

below. Increased weightbearing of the facet joints in turn reduces the com-
pression force on the lumbar discs (Adams et al. 1994).
Lordotic posture is common in dancers and in young gymnasts, for
whom it is a requirement of the sport. It is the posture most noticeable in
women after childbirth, especially multiple births. In the case of child-
birth, however, lengthening of the rectus abdominis through serial sar-
comere adaptation is accompanied by diastasis, which mayor may not
resolve spontaneously.
Correction of lordotic posture requires shortening the abdominal muscles
and lengthening the hip flexors. The rectus abdominis must be shortened
by combining a posterior pelvic tilt with spinal flexion-but only after
developing effective deep abdominal muscles to prevent bowstringing,
where the abdominal muscles contract and bulge outward instead of pull-
ing flat. This is different from the diastasis that occurs during pregnancy.
With bowstringing there is no long-term structural change in the muscle,
nor does the linea alba (the tendinous line between the two rectus
abdominis muscles) split.

Modified Trunk Curl

.f{t7~,. To shorten and strengthen the rectus abdominis muscle.
The modified trunk curl action can help correct lordotic posture. Where
full inner-range motion is lacking due to muscle lengthening, your client
can perform the modified trunk curl in progressive stages. In stage 1, he
lies supine with the knees bent and then posteriorly tilts his pelvis. Then
have him curl up as far as he is able, combining spinal flexion with pos-
terior pelvic tilt to fully shorten the rectus abdominis muscle. For stage
2, your client needs assistance either from you or from himself. You can
gently pull your client into a slightly higher position, or he can pull him-
self higher by gripping his thighs. The extra lift should be no more than
1 or 2 inches (2.5-5.0 cm) and must be performed slowly and with care to
avoid jolting the spine. Have your client hold the upper position with an
isometric contraction for stage 4 (stage 3 is for those who can't perform
stage 4), gradually building up the holding time from 1-2 seconds to 4-5
and finally to 10 seconds, at all times breathing normally. Individuals
unable to hold the upper position should practice eccentric lowering,
which represents stage 3: after they are lifted into the upper position and
released, they should slow their descent back to the floor as much as
possible. Initially they may almost fall back to the floor in less than 1
second. With practice, they should be able to lower themselves more
slowly, taking 1-2 and then 4-5 and finally a full 10 seconds to lower
continued
 Posture . 147

Modified Trunk Curl, continued

themselves. When they have achieved this level of strength, they can
progress to holding the full upper position as for stage 4.
How will you know if the abdominal muscles are lengthened and
require shortening by this full inner-range holding method? In chapter
5, we saw that the length-tension curve moves to the right for length-
ened muscles (see figure 5.8, page 101), indicating that they are unable
to hold a joint at full inner range (i.e., to close the joint fully). When your
clients perform the trunk curl, they are attempting full spinal flexion. If,
in an attempt to pull the spine into full flexion, they fall back away from
the inner-range position while performing the extra lift (with your help
or by pulling on their thighs), you can safely conclude that the muscle is
lengthened and requires this type of training to shorten it. Normally,
full-range flexion of the spine is not recommended for general back care.
Individuals with lordotic posture, however, have been maintaining the
lumbar spine in extension. Full flexion is therefore a treatment of choice
for such individuals and is widely used within physical therapy prac-
tice (McKenzie 1981).

Gluteus Maximus Inner-Range Exercise

_fl,,,.,. To contract and fully shorten the gluteus maximus.
The gluteus maxim us muscles must be tightened and shortened by
working them in inner range (page 104). Have your client lie prone and
flex one knee to 90°. She should then extend her hip, trying to empha-
size the action of the gluteal muscles. If she is unable to lift the leg into
full inner range, lift the leg for her. Then she should try either to hold
this position (isometric) or to control the leg as it descends (eccentric).
She eventually should attain full inner-range holding ability, with hold-
ing times built up from 3-5 seconds to 30-60 seconds.
Take a gradual, progressive approach for those who are unable to lift
the leg, always remembering to adapt the program to your client's indi-
vidual level of progress. Begin with muscle re-education, encouraging
your client simply to contract the gluteus in prone lying. Use of EMG
feedback and manual muscle stimulation is helpful at this stage if the
individual is completely unable to perform a static contraction. Tapping
or brushing the gluteus with the fingers adds to multisensory cueing,
making the task easier by increasing the amount of information that
accompanies the movement. By making the contractions forceful, your
client can increase the holding time until she can contract and hold the
muscle for 10 seconds. Once she can do that, the next step is to lift the
continued
J48 . Back Stability

Gluteus Maximus Inner-Range Exercise, continued

femur into 10-150extension and place the knee on a block or cushion to
maintain the extended hip position. She then contracts and holds the
muscle as before, but in this new starting position. Eventually, she will
develop sufficient strength so that you can remove the cushion and ask
her to hold the extended position by herself.
If your client is unable to hold this nonsupported position, have her
use eccentric lowering. After you have raised her hip into 150extension,
instruct her to hold it there as you release the leg. Encourage her to use
the same intensity of muscle contraction as for the first two movements.
If she is unable to hold the leg into extension (i.e., off the examination
table), she should try to lower it in a controlled way rather than allow-
ing it to drop. Have her gradually increase the time required to lower
the leg to at least 10 seconds.
The next stage is for your client to forcibly contract the gluteal muscles
and simultaneously try to lift the leg off the table into extension. Sug-
gest that she bend the knee to reduce the hamstrings' contribution to
extension. Begin with 2-5 repetitions, lifting the leg as high as possible
without allowing the pelvis to tilt. Try placing your hand just above
your client's heel on the lifting leg and then encouraging her to lift the
leg until her heel touches your hand.
The final progression is first to lift the leg to full extension and hold
this inner-range position for a full 10 seconds and then to perform 10
repetitions of this movement.
If clients have both poor tone in the gluteals and poor control of hip
extension in the prone position, have them begin a progression of exer-
cises leading toward the goal of performing 10 repetitions, with each
contraction held 10 seconds, at each exercise session. For the first week,
they should perform the exercises only every other day to reduce the
likelihood of muscle soreness. They should perform 2 sets of 10 repeti-
tions, one in the morning and one in the evening, for the first two exer-
cise days, then 3 sets (morning, late afternoon, and evening) on the next
two exercise days. Instruct clients to work gradually on increasing reps
and holding time-perhaps starting with 3 repetitions, held as long as
possible, then alternating between adding to the number of reps and
increasing the holding time. Once they can hold a full contraction in
both prone position and in extension, they should do the exercises 10
times twice per day for two days followed by 10 reps three times per
day for two days. They should take a full day's rest after each four-day
cycle. They should follow the sequence of 2 sets/ day for two days, then
3 sets/day for two days, followed by one day of rest, for each progres-
sion until they can consistently perform 10 reps at each session, holding
each rep for 10 seconds. continued
 Posture . 149

Gluteus Maximus Inner-Range Exercise, continued

Although this kind of inner-range exercise may shorten the previously
lengthened rectus abdominis and gluteus maxim us, excessive pelvic tilt
will be corrected only if the tight hip flexors are stretched to release the
pull on the pelvis through the iliacus muscle. Tightness of the hip flex-
ors (if due to increased muscle tone rather than to adaptive shortening
of connective tissue) inhibits the activity of the hip extensors through a
process called pseudoparesis Oanda 1986). When this is the case, an indi-
vidual must reduce muscle tone in the hip flexors before engaging in
exercises to strengthen the hip extensors. The Thomas test (page 114)
can show if the hip flexors are tight and whether the rectus femoris or
iliopsoas is the tighter muscle. You also can prescribe the Thomas test
for initial stretching of the hip flexors, later using the half lunge to com-
bine lumbar stability with hip flexor stretching.

Half Lunge (without chair-see page 114)

.I{el". To stretch the hip flexors while maintaining back stability.
Instruct your clients to assume a half-kneeling position and to tighten
their abdominal muscles (using a hollowing action) to stabilize the pel-
vis. From this position, they should press the pelvis forward to force the
trailing hip into extension. Providing the pelvis is not allowed to anteri-
orly tilt, the hip flexors will be stretched. Prescribe twice-daily exercise
for four days, 10 repetitions per session, holding the position 20-30 sec-
onds for each repetition. Instruct your clients to rest for a day, then repeat
the four-day cycle until they have gained the desired range of motion,
or until range improvement has stopped. The long-term maintenance
exercise schedule should be 10 repetitions, three times per week. A chair
may be useful for the client to hold (page 114) if they find the balance of
this exercise difficult.

Back Flattening
.1{e7.:.'. Stretches hip flexors and strengthens/builds endurance in
the abdominal muscles, while re-educating posture control.
Once an individual has corrected the muscle imbalance of the lordotic
posture, he should practice assuming optimal posture. A back flatten-
ing exercise can help. Have your client stand with his back flat against a
wall and his feet 6 inches (15 cm) from the wall. He should then tighten

continued
150 . Back Stability

Back Flattening, continued

the abdominal muscles and gluteals in or-
der to posteriorly tilt the pelvis, while his
legs remain fully extended. The posterior
pelvic tilting will effectively stretch the hip
flexors. He can gradually increase the hold-
ing time, starting at 3-5seconds and build-
ing to 30-60 seconds, breathing normally
throughout the exercise. Prescribe exercises abdominals i
twice daily for 10 repetitions, with each t
Tighten I

,
.'
repetition held 5 seconds, and a rest day Streichtight ~
hipflexors
taken after every four exercise days. \,
Strengthening the abdominal muscles is ,
,
not sufficient to correct a lordotic posture.
Unless a person modifies hip flexor tight-
ness and corrects abnormal lengthening of abdominal muscles, abdominal
strength changes will have little effect on pelvic tilt or lumbar lordosis.
Walker et al. (1987) and Levine et al. (1997) both examined the effects of
abdominal strengthening alone and found no changes in postural variables.

Swayback
In the swayback or "slouched" posture, the pelvis remains level, but the
hip joint is pushed forward, the greater trochanter lying anterior to the
LOG. Whereas in normal posture the sternum is the most anterior struc-
ture, now the pelvis has shifted and become the more anterior body seg-
ment, with the LOG moving from the ankle to the midfoot and toes (see
figure 7.7b, page 145). The hip is effectively extended, lengthening the hip
flexors, and the body "hangs" on the hip ligaments and anterior hip struc-
tures. The lordosis now changes shape from an even curve to a deeper,
shorter curve with a prominent crease normally at L3 level. The kyphosis
is now longer and may extend into the lumbar spine. The lower lumbar
region is flatter than normal, and the pelvis may be minimally posteriorly
tilted. A person with this posture will often be able to point to the exact
point of pain, which normally occurs after prolonged standing. Swayback
is common in youth and is the most common posture in young (18-28
years) athletes (Norris and Berry 1998).
The rectus abdominis remains relatively unchanged in the swayback
posture because the pubic bone and lower ribs in general retain their ana-
tomical relationship. However, due to the direction of the fibers of the
oblique abdomina Is, the external oblique is lengthened and the internal
oblique unchanged or shortened (figure 7.8); in the latter case, it is the
upper fibers that are affected (Kendall et al. 1993).
 Posture . 151
The swayback posture may be com-
bined with dominance of one leg in
standing ("hanging on the hip"), es-
pecially in adolescents. In this case,
weakness in the gluteus medius al-
lows the pelvis to tip laterally, a situ-
ation partially compensated by in-
creased tone in the tensor fasciae
latae. Shortening is seen in the ilio-
tibial band (ITB), with a prominent
groove apparent on the lateral aspect
of the thigh, as the tight fascial band
pulls on the skin. You can assess tight-
ness in the ITB using the Ober test (see
page 108), which you may also use to
Figure 7.8 Changing length of the
oblique abdominals in swayback stretch the tight muscle. Assess the
posture. ability of the gluteus medius to main-
tain pelvic stability in single-leg
standing by using the Trendelenburg sign test (see page 73). Page 105 shows
the inner-range holding test position of this muscle in side lying. Correc-
tion of swayback relies on two essential points of the posture type: the
pelvis is the most anteriorly placed structure instead of the sternum, and
the posture results in height loss. To correct the posture, you must help
your client change the relative alignment of chest and pelvis.

Correction of Swayback Posture

.f{'1~'. For re-education of body segment positioning.
Have your client stand with his pelvis against
the top of a table; from this position he presses
his chest forward, shifting it as a single segment
and avoiding any spinal flexion. At the same
time, he performs abdominal hollowing to re-
educate the flat abdomen alignment.
If you have observed single-leg dominance
with the swayback posture, help your client cor-
rect it by stretching the adductor muscle group
pn the tight side, and enhancing the endurance
of the abductors (gluteus medius) on the lax
side. Symmetry between the two legs is essen-
tial. Use the Ober test (page 108) on both legs
to determine the length of the hip abductors.
continued
152 . Back Stability
Correction of Swayback Posture, continued
Determine hip adductor length by passively stretching your client's
straightened leg into an abducted position, with a total of 900 hip ab-
duction (450 on each leg) being desirable.
You can use the following two exercises both to assess the range of
hip abduction and to develop it. The first assesses tightness in only the
short adductors inserting above the knee (adductor longus, adductor
brevis, adductor magnus) because the knee is allowed to bend. The sec-
ond targets the long adductor inserting below the knee (gracilis) by keep-
ing the knee straight throughout the stretch.

Sitting Bilateral Hip Adductor Stretch

.f{t1~,.. To stretch the hip adductors, excluding the gracilis.
Have your client sit on the floor on a
folded towel (2 inches thick), her back
supported against a wall. She should
place the soles of her feet together, grip
the feet, and press down on her knees
using her elbows, holding the full
stretch for 5-10 seconds while main-
taining back alignment. A desirable
range of motion is for the knees to fall
to within 3-4 inches of the floor. Pre-
scribe 10 repetitions daily.

Sitting Wide Splits

.f'lt1~,.. To stretch all the hip adductor muscles.
Have your client sit on the floor in an upright posture with her arms
behind her, hands on the floor to stop her from leaning back too far,
legs straight. The body should be as vertical as possible. Instruct her to
abduct her legs as far as possible, allowing the pelvis to posteriorly
tilt. This posterior tilt will take the stretch off the adductors slightly,
enabling the subject to get into the position comfortably. Then, she can
increase the stretch by maintaining the position of the feet and press-
ing the hands against the floor to lengthen the trunk (the instructor
can use the instruction "grow taller" or "try to reach your head up to

continued
 Posture. 153

Sitting Wide Splits. continued

the ceiling"). As this
occurs, the subject at-
tempts to anteriorly
tilt the pelvis which
will move the pubic
bone (the upper inser-
tion of the adductor
muscles) backwards
and so increase the
stretch. A desirable range of motion is a total of 90° hip abduction be-
tween both legs. She should hold the full stretch for 5-10 seconds. Pre-
scribe 10 repetitions daily.
Because swayback posture is common in youth, but not associated
with marked muscle tightening or weakening, it is difficult to correct.
The emphasis is on re-education, with postural awareness playing an
important part in the process. You can increase postural awareness by
the use of proprioception during the spinal lengthening exercise below.

Spinal Lengthening
.f{l1~'. To improve awareness of body position.
Your client needs a partner for this exercise. As your client stands in his
normal resting posture, his partner places a hand 1-2 inches (2.5-5.0 cm)
above the crown of the client's head. Instruct your client to lengthen his
spine (the instruction is to" grow taller"), attempting to touch his partner's
hand with the top of his head. He must not look up (cervical extension) in
an attempt to lengthen his neck, and must not stand on his toes!
Once he has mastered this action, he should attempt the same length-
ening action without the help of a partner. The action is again to "grow
taller." Placing a light book or beanbag on the head helps to give sen-
sory feedback and can help him focus his attention on moving the top of
his head upward. Initially he practices simple lengthening at whatever
speed is comfortable, with the beanbag on the head. Eventually he should
slow the lengthening action, attempting to hold the lengthened position
for 5-10 seconds while breathing normally (some people take a deep
breath and hold it-this must not be allowed, as it can lead to
lightheadedness). The lengthened position should be relatively relaxed
and not stiff-comparisons with a puppet rather than a wooden stick
can illustrate the difference between stability (spine lengthened and
continued
154 . Back Stability

Spinal Lengthening, continued

aligned) and rigidity (spine fixed). When your client is able to perform
the movement and hold the corrected body position, he can progress to
walking while holding the lengthened position, and then to simple ac-
tivities such as sitting/standing from a chair to increase the variety of
movements.
In order to provide sensory feedback when the
swayback posture is incorrectly stretching the
muscle, try applying nonelastictape on the skin over
the external oblique, taking up any skin slack. At-
tach the tape to the lower lateral aspect of the ab-
domen, out toward the anterior rim of the pelvis.
Pull the tape tight from this point up to the poste-
rolateral aspect of the lower ribs. Although the tape
is not strong enough to prevent the pelvis from
moving forward in relation to the rib cage, it will
remind your client when this is happening and en-
courage him to correct the posture. The more times
he makes the correction, the more likely it is that
optimal postural alignment will become automatic.
Either a physical therapist or athletic trainer should apply the tape,
and it should be done immediately following the spinal lengthening
exercise above, to encourage maintaining correct alignment between
exercise bouts.
Another way to reinforce automatic alignment is to build correc-
tion into daily activities. Encourage your client to perform the pel-
vis-chest realignment exercise regularly throughout the day. Office
workers, for example, can perform the exercise whenever the tele-
phone rings, and students can perform it each time a bell rings to
end class.
If the iliopsoas is lengthened by the extended position of the hip (the
Thomas test will reveal this; see chapter 5) its inner-range holding must
be redeveloped.

Sitting, Hip Flexor Shortening

.f{"~'. To shorten the iliopsoas and rectus femoris muscles and
build their endurance.
While your client is sitting, you should passively flex the hip to the
maximum degree possible without pain-or to approximately 110°, or
to the point where the pelvis just begins to posteriorly rotate. Instruct
your client to hold this position for 10 seconds, while maintaining a
continued
 Posture . 155

Sitting, Hip Flexor Shortening, continued

neutral lordosis. Inability to hold at full inner

range for 10 repetitions (10 seconds each) is a
sign of postural lengthening. If the iliopsoas
is lengthened, the leg may drop and/or the
pelvis drop back into posterior tilt, moving the
iliopsoas into its lengthened position. Your cli-
ent can redevelop inner-range holding of the
iliopsoas by using first eccentric and then iso-
metric inner-range hip flexor exercises while
maintaining a neutral lordosis.
In the preceding exercise position, your cli-
ent should try to lift her leg to full flexion. Then you should try to lift the
leg farther (increasing hip flexion), without altering the position of the
spine or pelvis. Remember that a lengthened muscle cannot contract
powerfully to pull a limb into its fully closed (inner-range) position. If
your client's hip flexors are lengthened, further passive movement will
be possible because she will not have been able to pull her own leg into
full inner range. Have her attempt to hold this new (passive) inner-range
position. If she is able to do so, instruct her to build up holding time
from 1-2 seconds to 10 seconds while performing the exercise daily for
two weeks-her target is 10 repetitions of the 10-second hold.
If your client is not able to hold the passive inner-range position, she
should use controlled lowering (eccentric). From the passive inner-range
position, she attempts to slow the descent of the leg after you release it
from its fully flexed position. She should continue the controlled lower-
ing until she can slow the descent sufficiently to hold the leg still. She
then progresses to holding at reducing joint angles. For example, as-
sume that the active inner-range position (with your client using her
own muscles) is 90° hip flexion, and the passive inner-range position (as
you lift the leg farther into flexion) is 120°. The target for active flexion!
holding is about 110°.You lift her leg to 120° hip flexion and release the
leg. She then controls the lowering back to the 90° starting position. Once
she can do this consistently, you lift her leg to 90-100° and she attempts
to hold it. Once she can hold this position, you repeat the exercise, be-
ginning again with the 110-120° passive flexion.
She should perform each holding or lowering exercise only five times
before taking a rest period since the muscle fatigues quickly with this
exercise and alignment will be lost. Prescribe 3 sets of 5 repetitions twice
daily for four days (a family member can provide the passive flexion),
followed by a single day of rest, then another five-day cycle, and so on.
The goal is the ability to actively flex the leg to 110° and hold it for 10
seconds for each exercise set.
156 . Back Stability

Flatback
With the flatback posture, the main problem is lack of mobility in the lum-
bar spine and a flattening of the lordosis (lumbar flexion). This posture
reflects the extension dysfunction described by McKenzie (1981) and is
common in chronic low back pain after extended periods of inactivity.
The pelvis may be posteriorly tilted in comparison to the reference line,
and the lumbar tissues are often thickened and immobile. The flatback
posture is also seen in subjects who practice a high number of sit-up type
exercises (repeated lumbar flexion). In this case the lumbar spine may be
mobile-but the rectus abdominis is strong and tight, and is by far the
dominant member of the abdominal muscle group.
Flatback is corrected by regaining appropriate mobility in the lumbar
spine through passive and active extension movements.

Passive Back Extension in Lying Position

.'{If.'. To improve the passive range of extension in the lumbar
spine.
Performed in the lying
position, extension exer-
cises first mobilize the
upper lumbar levels,
with proportionally less a
caudal movement
(McKenzie 1981). In-
struct your client to lie
prone on the lab table (or
floor), with his hands by
his shoulders in a push-
up position (a). He b
should extend his arms
while keeping his pelvis on the table, thereby forcing extension of the
spine (b). Initially, some people may need to push up only with their
forearms on the table, gradually building up to full arm extension. To
emphasize the motion of the spine rather than the pelvis, try fixing the
pelvis to the table with a webbing belt.
If your client experiences any pain in the lumbar region during this
exercise, refer him to a physical therapist (PT). Often, instead of the whole '.
lumbar spine being stiff to extension, one or two vertebrae may be stiffer
than others. These stiff units require a specific manual therapy tech-
continued
 Posture . 157

Passive Back Extension in Lying Position, continued

nique of "joint mobilization" either before or during the exercise pro-
gram. When a specific stiff area has started to move (the PT will assess
this), you can move the webbing belt up or down within the lumbar
region to form a fulcrum around which the movement occurs. In this
way, the extension action is focused more exactly on a single lumbar
joint.
See that your clients practice the passive extension movement often,
but for only a short time each session, to allow the movement to de-
velop without causing too much reactionary pain. Suggest 10 repeti-
tions every two hours throughout the waking day, with a full day's rest
after every four days. The exercise should continue until the individual
has achieved the desired movement range.

Pelvic Tilt Re-Education, Sitting

.f{t7~,. To regain both range and quality of movement in the
lumbar spine.
If the lower lumbar spine has reduced exten-
sion, the pelvic tilting action may be effec-
tive in correcting it. Instruct your client to sit
on a low stool with his feet on the ground.
Keeping his shoulders still, he should try to
tilt his pelvis forward and down. Tell him to
think of his pelvis as a bowl full of water,
and that by tilting the bowl he can pour the
water onto the ground between his feet. He
should try to bring the backside of the bowl
up as he pushes the front of it down, always
keeping his shoulders still and his sternum
up.
When the motion is especially poor, pro-
vide passive assistance. Wrap a webbing belt around your client's waist
and, fixing the sternum, pull the lumbar spine into extension as he at-
tempts to tilt his pelvis (see page 75, "Assisted Pelvic Tilting While Sit-
ting"). Refer to chapter 4 for a fuller discussion of pelvic tilt.

Kyphotic Back
In the kyphotic posture, the shoulder joint moves anteriorly to the posture
line, increasing the thoracic kyphosis. In optimal upper body alignment
158 . Back Stability
(table 7.3), the scapulae should be approximately the width of three fin-
gers from the spine, and the medial borders of the scapulae should be ver-
tical. Assess optimal positioning of the shoulder by comparing the head of
the humerus in relation to the acromion process. In optimal positioning,
no more that one-third of the humeral head should be anterior to the point
of the acromion. The humerus should be held with the cubital fossa (elbow
crease) at 45° to the sagittal plane in relaxed standing. A smaller angle
indicates excessive medial rotation, indicating tightness in the medial
rotators (especially the pectoralis major) and lengthening of the lateral ro-
tators. Visualizing how this would appear from above may be helpful. When
the arm is held in medial rotation, the crease of the elbow is orientated
more forward and inward; when lateral rotation is greater than normal,
the elbow crease faces farther outward.
Deviation from the ideal is often described as a "round-shouldered"
posture, a blanket term that covers a number of scenarios. TIghtness in the
anterior structures pulls the shoulder forward, away from the posture line.
The weight of the arm moves farther from the upper body's center of
gravity, dramatically increasing the leverage forces transmitted to the tho-
rax. Eventually, thoracic kyphosis increases. Tightness in the pectoralis
minor pulls on the coracoid process, tilting the scapula forward (figure
7.9a). Tightness in the pectoralis major causes both excessive medial rota-
tion at the glenohumeral joint and anterior displacement of the humeral
head (figure 7.9b). Lengthening of the lower trapezius and serratus ante-
rior may cause excessive abduction (figure 7.9c) and downward rotation
(figure 7.9d) of the scapula. Excessive elevation (figure 7.ge) and upward
rotation may result from tightness in the upper fibers of the trapezius.
Correction of kyphotic posture depends on flexibility of the thoracic
spine. Where the kyphosis appears fixed and thoracic motion is grossly
reduced, thoracic joint mobilization is required as a first step. Once some
mobility has been gained passively by manual therapy, you can use exer-

Table 7.3 Correct Alignment of the Shoulder Girdle

From behind From the side
. Medial border of scapula vertical .Line from ear canal to center of
shoulder joint is perpendicular to

. Medial border of scapula no more

than three finger breadths from
.floor
No more than one-third of head of
humerus anterior to acromion
the spinous processes
. inferior angle at T7
Spine of scapular T3/T4 level, . Humerus held with elbow crease
45° to sagittal plane
. Scapula flat against thoracic wall
 Posture . 159

- ,,
,
,,,
I I
,,
I I ,,
I
I
I
I
,,
a
I
I ,I ,

,,
,,
,,
'

Figure 7.9 Postural changes around the shoulder.

cise therapy to maintain the newly gained motion. The stemallift action
(page 162) is the exercise of choice. If the subject is younger and the tho-
racic spine is mobile, only scapular repositioning is required.

Thoracic Joint Mobilization

1Jf['1~'. To increase mobility of thoracic joints, using manual
therapy, in preparation for exercise therapy.
With your client in the prone lying position, work with a PT to use
posterior-anterior vertebral pressures (PAVP) or gross extension pres-
sures to isolate the thoracic spine. With your client sitting, you can com-
bine mobilization with overpressure. Have her sit facing a treatment
table, with her arms folded and placed on the table. As you press the
thoracic spine into extension, instruct her to try to follow the action. If
thoracic mobility is quite limited, at first you will simply press the spine
passively into extension. As your client gains mobility, encourage her to
follow your motion with her own active movement while you gradu-
ally reduce the pressure you apply. The first step in this active process is
for the subject to be able to "feel" the movement. Many people with a
kyphotic posture have a poor ability to control the quality of motion in
the thoracic spine, and this type of guided exercise can help them improve
their control. If your client is still unable to perform active thoracic
extension even after regaining passive extension, suggest a visualiza-
tion technique: encourage her to imagine herself performing the action.
continued
160 . Back Stability
Thoracic Joint Mobilization, continued
Either you or a model should perform the
action correctly. You can also use video to
enable your client to see the action from
behind, while a mirror provides a view from
the front. Then have her repeat her attempt
at active thoracic extension. She may need
to cycle through a series of visualization ses-
sions, passive extension, and attempts at
active extension before she can finally sense
what active extension feels like. Once that
happens, she can proceed to daily exercises.
The subject should perform the exercise
daily for 10-15 repetitions. In the early
stages as mobility is very poor, some soreness can be expected following
the exercise, so a greater number of repetitions should not be performed.

Scapula Repositioning
.fl:I1.'. To improve control of scapular retraction and depression.
If the thoracic spine is mobile, you can correct kyphotic posture by re-
positioning the scapulae-shortening the shoulder retractors and en-
hancing the scapular stabilizers (especially lower trapezius and serra-
tus anterior). The aim here is to improve control of movement rather
than simply to increase strength. By improving strength, muscle endur-
ance, and movement quality (coordination and timing), these exercises
differ from many traditional weight-training programs whose primary
aims are gains in strength and muscle size.
With your client lying prone, passively place his scapula into optimal
alignment-the medial borders vertical, three finger widths from the
spine. The scapula should be firmly anchored to the thorax (by action of
the serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscles) rather than being
separated from the rib cage. Frequently this involves passively depress-
ing and adducting the scapula, but the amount of passive movement of
the scapula that is required depends on the postural alignment of the
subject. More movement is needed in subjects who have grossly abducted
scapulae (medial border of scapula 5-6 inches [13-15 em] from the spine)
than for those with minimal abduction (medial border 3-4 inches [8-10
em] from the spine) (Mottram 1997; Norris 1998).
Initially, encourage your client to hold the new position for 1-2 sec-
onds. Often the tendency is for the subject to "brace" the shoulders back
continued
 Posture . 161

Scapula Repositioning, continued

hard. Discourage this reaction since it re-

quires maximal muscle activity. Encourage
your client to "let go" until the scapula just
begins to move away from the corrected
position, and then to hold the muscles
slightly tight. Progressively increase the
amount of time that this position is held
with minimal muscle work, from 1-2 to
3-4 and eventually 10 seconds. The aim is
to build up to 10 reps, holding each for 10
seconds, with the minimal amount of
scapular muscle work that is required to
maintain good scapular alignment.
Tight anterior structures must be stretched to allow the shoulders to
retract fully. Check for tightness in the pectoralis major and pectoralis
minor, and if necessary prescribe stretching exercises as detailed in the
following sections.

Door Frame Stretch

.flI1~'" Stretch pectoralis major muscles.
Instruct your client to lean forward onto a
doorframe, his arms horizontal, his forearms ver-
tical against the frame. He then pushes his arms
back into extension by leaning into the doorway
opening, holding the position for 20 seconds.
Have your client do this exercise 3 times a day,
with 2 repetitions each time.

Weight Bag Passive Stretch

.fllm.. Stretch pectoralis minor muscles.
A tight pectoralis minor can pull the scapula down and forward. Have
your client lie in a supine position. Place a 3- to 5-lb weight bag over the
anterior aspect of her shoulder. She should relax and allow the bag to
press the shoulder back into position for 30 seconds. The weight bag
continued
162 . Back Stability

Weight Bag Passive Stretch, continued

will help press the shoulder back into
retraction, passively stretching the
anterior structures. To use a contract-
relax technique, the client presses the
shoulder into protraction for 2 sec-
onds, trying to lift the weight bag,
and then relaxes for 5-10 seconds, al-
lowing the weight bag to press the
shoulder farther back. Astatic stretch
may also be used with the client sim-
ply lying relaxed, allowing the
weight bag to press her shoulders
back.

Sternal Lift Exercise

.I'!"~'. Combines thoracic extension and scapular repositioning.
While sitting, your client should lift his sternum using thoracic extension
(rather than simply taking a deep breath) (a). At the same time, he should
draw the scapulae down and in toward their optimal alignment. He may
prefer to perform the action against a wall, where the movement should
be one of "rolling" the thoracic spine up the wall while keeping the lum-
bar spine stable and avoid-
ing any increase in the depth
of the lumbar lordosis (b).
a b
If the client's lumbar
spine stability is particularly
poor and he. is unable to
avoid hyperflexion, modify
the starting position by hav-
ing him sit on a bench, with
his feet on a chair to bring
the femur above the hori-
zontal. This position poste-
riorly tilts the pelvis and
flattens or reverses the lum-
bar lordosis.
 Posture . 163

SUMMARY
· Posture is the arrangement of body parts in a state of balance that
protects the supporting structures of the body against injury or
progressive deformity.
· Postural sway consists of a small continuous motion in the sagittal
plane-an oscillation of the center of gravity that may reduce lower-
limb fatigue and aid blood flow.
·· Excessive postural sway generally reveals poor balance and stability.
You can assess clients' postures by use of a plumb line or a posture
grid.
· There are four basic types of abnormal posture:
1. Lordotic posture is characterized by excessive anterior pelvic tilt.
2. Swayback is characterized by anterior displacement of the pelvis.
3. Flatback is characterized by slight posterior pelvic tilting and loss
of lumbar lordosis.
4. Kyphosis is characterized by excessive thoracic curve.
· This chapter describes how to assess different abnormal posture types
and presents exercises that can help correct them.
 PART

nnn
BuildinL
Back Fitness
If you bring a client all the way through the assessments and exercises in
the previous chapters, he or she should have a basically stable back, with
no pain. Some clients need more, however-namely, those whose demands
in the workplace or in sport activities require extraordinary strength, speed,
or accuracy of movement.
Chapter 8 ("Advanced Stability Training") presents exercises that will
build on the training already achieved, using body movements alone, us-
ing balance boards, using stability balls, or employing proprioceptive train-
ing to increase accuracy of muscle control. Chapter 9 ("More Advanced
Stability Training: Weight Training and Plyometrics") is for those clients
who need the most rigorous training possible for their backs because of
extremely heavy sport/workplace demands. Please note: the approaches
used in chapters 8 and 9 are specifically for people who have had lower-
back problems and/ or who need to prevent such problems in the future.
Study the chapters with that in mind-the material does NOT merely re-
state what you've read before about weight training, etc. Because these
chapters approach advanced training from the viewpoint of increasing
your client's back stability, and not simply with the idea of building pretty
muscles or increasing overall strength, they will be invaluable to your
clients who have major concerns about their backs.

165
 ~
Advanced
Stabilig Training
Atter your clients have used the procedures and exercises of previous
chapters to achieve basic back stability, they are ready (if they wish) to
build on that stability. By now they should have learned to control pelvic
tilt; to automatically assume the neutral position; to maintain abdominal
hollowing (at 30-40% of the maximum effort); and to contract the multifi-
dus at will-or, in quantitative terms, to perform the basic procedures in
chapter 4 with variable intensity for 10 repetitions, holding each repeti-
tion for 10 seconds. With your help, they should have begun correcting
muscle imbalances using the approaches in chapter 5. They should have
developed their abdominal strength using the exercises in chapter 6. They
should be able to maintain proper posture as described in chapter 7. Many
people-who are relatively sedentary and whose back stability is rarely
challenged through workplace or leisure-time activities-may have little
motivation to proceed with additional training. Others will want to go
further, however, especially if they are involved in sports or if they face
heavy physical demands on the job. In this chapter, I cover exercises for
developing even greater back stability. Chapter 9 goes further still, but
your clients should master the material in this chapter before moving to
the very strenuous work in that chapter.
The first class of exercises in this chapter simply adds layers of com-
plexity onto movements your clients will already know from other chap-
ters. But there is also an entire series of exercises using a stability ball (or
"gym ball"), which was introduced briefly in chapter 4-many people
find these exercises more "user friendly" for their home workouts. Finally,
I cover a small core of proprioceptive exercises-training that is advanced
beyond what your clients have seen thus far, and that provides a kind of
transition between some of the later exercises in the first section and the
plyometric exercises in chapter 9.

167
168 . Back Stability
Very important: for each of the exercises in this chapter, your clients
should gently contract their deep abdominal muscles to perform abdomi-
nal hollowing and maintain this contraction throughout the exercise. By
now, moreover, they should be able to voluntarily contract the multifidus
muscles--especially if they began the program as sufferers from chronic
low back pain. They should begin all exercises in the neutral position.

SUPERIMPOSED LIMB MOVEMENTS

AND BALANCE BOARDS
Each of the following exercises involves limb movements that are super-
imposed on a basically stable back that the exercises of chapter 4 can
create (Le., in these exercises an individual tightens the back stability
muscles and then moves the limbs upon the stable base). As your clients
focus their attention on limb movements, they will become more able to
control their back stability muscles without conscious thought. This kind
of automatic response occurs only with long repetition of the exercises.
You should find it surprisingly easy to observe the point at which your
clients are exerting automatic control. If they perform a limb-loading
exercise such as the standing single-leg raise or the crook lying heel slide,
for example, movement of the pelvis will reveal lack of back stability. In
this case, you would retreat a couple of steps and have your clients prac-
tice the hollowing actions to enhance their ability to stabilize the spine.
Once they have built up endurance of these muscles and can hold the
abdominal contraction for 10 repetitions of 10 seconds each, you would
once again try adding limb movements to the basic exercises. If they can
now successfully control limb movements while avoiding unwanted
pelvic movement (maintaining the lumbar spine's neutral position
throughout the action), you will know that they are gaining automatic
control of the stabilizing muscles-they no longer have to focus their
attention on these muscles and can now concentrate on accurate posi-
tioning of the limb.
For each of the following exercises, your client should progress in a
single session only to the point at which he can no longer maintain neu-
tral position, correct pelvic tilt, or maintain abdominal hollowing. Have
him do the exercise daily for four days, rest one day, then resume the
pattern, gradually increasing the progression or the number of repeti-
tions until he eventually can do the exercise in its most challenging form
for 10 reps, holding (where appropriate) for 10 seconds each time. Obvi-
 Advanced Stability Training . 169

ously, all one-sided movements should be performed on both right and

left sides, one being the mirror image of the other. Each exercise should
be performed in a slow, controlled fashion, maintaining the neutral posi-
tion of the spine throughout the exercise. Since limb leverage changes
when arms/legs are bent and straightened, your clients will necessarily
have to vary the amount of abdominal work they use to maintain the
neutral position. It is this variation that makes the difference (in terms of
skill) between the holding exercises, such as abdominal hollowing, and
these more advanced exercises that involve limb movements upon the
stable trunk base.

Determining the Starting Position

An individual's starting position depends on his physical characteris-
tics and abilities. You should always be open, moreover, to changing
the starting position if you perceive that your first choice may not have
been the best-which will be the case if your client is not succeeding
with an exercise. Some exercises are easier than others because they
involve less muscle work. For example, in the heel slide movement, the
ground partially takes the weight of the leg, while in the single-leg raise,
the subject lifts the whole of the leg weight. The former exercise is there-
fore easier in terms of pure muscle work. Some movements may be
more comfortable for certain subjects. Since lying positions are more
supported than kneeling, for example, many people feel more secure
in lying.
The program generally follows a neurodevelopmental progression (Le.,
the sequence that children go through when they learn to sit, stand, and
walk). In the present case, we go from ground support, to apparatus sup-
port, and finally to increasingly complex free exercises.

Exercises in the Crook Lying Position

The crook lying position, which was used to perform abdominal hollow-
ing and pelvic tilting, is a good starting position for superimposed limb
movements. As an individual straightens the leg or lowers it to the ground,
the overload placed on the trunk becomes progressively greater-the in-
dividual must therefore vary the intensity of muscular stabilization to
maintain the neutral position. This variation in muscle contraction inten-
sity increases the person's cOlltrolrather than simply strength or endur-
ance capacity.
170 . Back Stability
Heel Slide-the Basic Movement
.1'{17.'. To place minimal, but progressive, limb loading on the trunk.
Instruct your client to slowly straighten one leg, with the heel resting on
the ground. This movement is easier if the heel is on a slippery surface
(a cloth if on a polished floor, or a piece of shiny paper if on carpet). The
moment the pelvis anteriorly tilts and the lordosis increases, the move-
ment must stop and the leg be drawn back into flexion once more.

Leg Lowering
.1'{17.'. Limb loading as a progression from the heel slide.
Instruct your client to flex both her hips to 90° so that her thighs are
vertical to the ground, while keeping her knees relaxed. She should then
slowly extend one hip until her foot touches the ground. Have her gradu-
ally extend the knee farther in subsequent repetitions, so that the foot
touches the ground farther from the buttock, increasing the limb lever-
age and therefore progressing the resistance. The exercise is performed
daily for four days and then a single day's rest is taken. She should
continue this sequence until she can perform the exercise with the leg
almost straight. Once she can perform the exercise with the leg almost
straight, she can progress to single-leg raises.
 Advanced Stability Training. 171

Single Bent-Leg Raises

.f{"~'. Progression from leg lowering.
Beginning in the crook lying position, your client should lift one leg-still
bent at the knee-while the other rests on the floor. He brings the knee up
as far as he can without moving out of neutral position, then lowers it.
Then he repeats with the other leg. As a progression on this action, have
him begin lifting one leg just before the other limb has touched the ground
so that momentarily they are both off the floor at the same time. Finally, he
should lift and lower both legs together, initially with minimal limb lever-
age (Le., with knees well bent) and finally with increasing leverage (legs
increasingly straightened). The maximum leverage will vary with each
individual. For most well-conditioned individuals, 90-120"knee extension
is appropriate. At no time should the pelvis anteriorly tilt, and at no time
should the abdominal muscles be allowed to bowstring (bulge outward
rather than maintain a flat or hollow contour). I do not recommend pro-
gressing all the way to bilateral straight-leg raises-the compression and
shear forces imposed by the psoas muscle upon the lumbar spine make
this unsuitable for use in rehabilitation following low back pain.

. maintained
KEY POINT: The neutral position of the lumbar spine must be
throughout the exercises. If the pelvis tilts and
I
neutral position is lost, the exercise must be stopped, and the
client should revert to an earlier stage of the exercise in which
the pelvic tilt was accurately controlled. Be certain also that
your clients keep their abdomens hollowed throughout the
exercises.

Prone Lying Gluteal Brace

.1'['7~'. Co-contraction of trunk stabilizers with gluteals.
Instruct your client to lie prone, then to dorsiflex one foot, with the toes
bent up toward the knee. She should then slightly flex both her knee
(about 10°) and her hip (also about 10°). She then contracts her gluteal
muscles to lift the femur into extension to the horizontal position (with
the foot remaining on the ground), straightening the knee.

~~
172 . Back Stability

Prone Bent-Leg Lift

.I'{,,~,. Active movement of an unsupported leg on the stable trunk.
In the prone lying position, your client should flex one leg to 90° at the
knee. Instruct your client to set her abdominal muscles and contract the
gluteals to lift the leg from the floor. To prevent passive anterior pelvic
tilt, the maximum hip extension should be only 15°. This position places
the hamstring muscles at a mechanical disadvantage, reducing the ten-
sion they can create and therefore throwing greater stress onto the
gluteals. To increase the isolation of the gluteals from the hamstrings,
have your client slowly flex her knee while maintaining hip extension-
this causes the gluteals to act isometrically as hip stabilizers while the
hamstrings acts isotonically as prime knee flexors.

Bridge From Crook Lying

.I'{"~'. Using leg power to lift the trunk while maintaining a

neutral lumbar position.
In a crook lying position, your client should tighten his gluteal muscles
and then lift his pelvis from the ground, aiming to form a straight line
from shoulders to hips and then to the knees.
This exercise tends to induce movement in the sagittal plane (ante-
rior-posterior pelvic tilt, and/ or lumbar flexion-extension). Lifting one
leg (see next exercise) imposes an additional rotary stress, tending to
cause movement within the transverse plane.
 Advanced Stability Training . 173

Bridge With Leg Lift

.I'{IJ~'. A progression from bridge from crook lying.
Instruct your client to assume the bridge position, starting from crook
lying. Then he lifts one leg, avoiding the tendency for the pelvis to fall
toward the unsupported side. Placing a stick across the anterior supe-
rior iliac spines of the pelvis gives useful feedback for keeping the pelvis
level.

Exercises in 4.Point Kneeling Position

The 4-point kneeling position is initially stable since four symmetrical
points (both hands and both knees) bear the weight. As one arm or one
leg is lifted to reduce support to three points, the body is less stable and
the stability muscles must now work harder to maintain trunk alignment
and stop the body from tipping.

Four-Point Body Sway

.I'{IJ.,. Learning to maintain neutral position as the limbs are
moved.
Instruct your client, who begins in the standard 4-point position, to
sway the body forward and back, moving at the shoulders and hips
only. As she passes the critical point of 90° hip flexion, be sure that
her lumbar spine remains in its neutral position. As soon as she be-
gins to lose the neutral lumbar position, she should reverse the move-
ment back into full 4-point kneeling. The aim is to gradually work
farther and farther back (increasing hip flexion) while maintaining a
neutral spine.
174 . Back Stability

Four-Point Pelvic Shift

.f'[11.'. Learning to unload the limbs prior to lifting them.
After assuming the 4-point posi-
tion, your client should shift to the
side to take the weight of the far leg.
She then barely lifts the leg on this
side from the supporting surface,
leaving only one knee in contact
with the ground. Be sure that she
lifts the leg a maximum of 1-2 inches
(2.5-5.0em). Some people find the subtlety of this movement difficult and
tend to lift the leg by 6-8 inches (15-20cm)-but this imposes an unwanted
rotation on the spine and must be discouraged. Placing a stick across the
upper pelvis (level with the posterior superior iliac spines) is helpful. With
the required subtle movement, the stick will stay in place. If the leg is
lifted too far, however, pelvic rotation will cause the stick to fall.

Four-Point Leg Flexion/Extension

.f'[I1.,. Controlling back stability in the presence of limb move-
ment.
Your client should begin as for the previous exercise, shifting weight to
one leg. Instruct him to move the unloaded leg into flexion! extension
and abduction! adduction, while maintaining a neutral lumbar spine
and keeping the lower leg parallel to the floor. He should use only small
movements, the knee moving forward/backward and side to side by
only 2-3 inches (5-8 em). Larger movements will require greater changes
in pelvic tilt and are more difficult to control. The movements should be
slow to avoid excessive limb momentum-no more than 1 or 2 com-
plete limb movements per second.

Four-Point Kneeling Leg Lift

.1'111.'. Maintainingstability during increasing complexities of leg
movement.
From the basic 4-point kneeling position, your client should extend one
leg completely, keeping the foot on the ground (a). The next step is to lift
the leg until it is parallel to the floor (b). Finally, instruct him to alter-
nately flex and extend the raised leg at the knee, keeping the raised thigh
continued
 Advanced Stability Training. 175

Four-PointKneeling Leg Lift. continued

parallel to the floor. The foot
should remain in a middle (neu-
tral) position, toes and foot nei-
ther fully pointed (plantar-
flexed) nor fully pulled up
(dorsiflexed)-holding the shin
or calf muscles tight can cause
muscle cramping. a
Several alignment faults are
common in this final move-
ment. First, while your client
is focusing on the limb move-
ment, he may forget to main-
tain contraction of the trunk
stabilizing muscles-leading
b
the abdominal wall to bulge because the hollowing action is lost. As this
happens, the pelvis may anteriorly tilt, pulling the lumbar spine into ex-
cessive extension (back hollowing). Finally, if the gluteals have poor en-
durance, the client may start to rely on his hamstrings to maintain the
extended hip position: as the hamstrings begin to flex the knee, he loses
the hip extension position and the leg drops below the horizontal. In each
case, you should stop the procedure and return to the previous exercise.

Four-Point Kneeling Arm and Leg Lift

.fI.H.'ncreasing the complexity of limb movements while main-
taining back stability.
Have your client begin as with the kneeling leg lift above. But this time,
once the leg reaches the horizontal, he should also lift the diagonally
opposite arm. Watch to see that his shoulder does not sag or drop down
on this side; the scapula should not move as the elbow bends to unload
the arm. Once your client's hand has cleared the ground, he should lift
the arm forward toward the horizontal.

Exercises in the Side Lying Position

We saw in chapter 7 that, in the frontal plane, the gluteus medius may lack
endurance and inner-range holding ability, leading both the tensor fasciae
lata/iliotibial band (TFL/ITB) and the hip adductors to tighten. In the side
lying position, we are attempting to work the gluteus medius and to stretch
the adductors, while maintaining stability of the pelvis and lumbar spine
176 . Back Stability

in the frontal plane. The stability is achieved by contraction of the lateral

abdominals and the quadratus lumborum acting together.Where lateral ab-
dominal function is poor, the quadratus lumborum can become overactive
and tight. Each of the following exercises overloads the quadratus lumborum
and the oblique abdominal muscles on the upper side of the body. The move-
ments must be reversed to provide a symmetrical overload.

Side Lying Knee Lift

.f'll7~'" Maintaining trunk stability in the frontal (side flexion) plane
during limb movement.
Have your client be-
gin the exercise in
side lying, and align
her pelvis so that the
line joining the two
anterior superior iliac
spines is vertical. She
must maintain this alignment throughout the exercise. Do not allow lat-
eral movement of the pelvis. Instruct her to place the foot of her top leg
on the floor in front of the shin of her lower leg. Then she should lift the
top knee by abducting and externally rotating her hip, keeping the foot
in place on the ground. Palpate the posterior fibers of gluteus medius
above and behind the greater trochanter to make sure they are contract-
ing. Give your client feedback until she is able to tell when she is con-
tracting these fibers as she lifts her knee. Once she is able to feel the
appropriate contraction, have her attempt to lift to full inner range, but
stop her immediately if the pelvis begins to move out of alignment.

Side Lying Leg Rotation

.f{e7~'" Maintaining trunk stability and isolating pelvic control from
hip rotation.
The second exer-
-
cise combines ab-
duction
and trunk
ity, while isolat-
ing hip move-
ability
stab il-
~ ~ ii'
\
~
-

ment from that of the pelvis. From the stabilized side lying position, your
client should hold her upper leg straight and abduct it to the horizontal.
continued
 Advanced Stability Training . 177

Side Lying Leg Rotation, continued

Tell her to then externally rotate the entire leg from the hip, turning the
foot toward the ceiling and then back to pointing forward. Have your
client perform 3-5 rotations before lowering the leg, unless she loses align-
ment of the pelvis-in which case she should lower her leg immediately.

Side Lying Leg Abduction

.fl:IH. Controlling hip abduction on a stable trunk.
The third exercise rep-
resents true abduction
upon a stable base.
Have your client as-
sume the stable side
lying position, then lift
his upper leg into ab-
duction while avoiding
flexion and external rotation. Encourage him to "lengthen his leg" to avoid
lateral pelvic movement, and then to abduct his leg as high as he can with-
out experiencing discomfort, up to a maximum of 45° from the horizontal.
All the movement should be in the hip-tell him to avoid lumbar-pelvic
movement. He may have to work up gradually to the 45-degree target.

Side Lying Spine Lengthening

.fl:lm. Controlling the quadratus lumborum and lateral fibers of
the oblique abdominals.
Side lying is also a useful
starting position for
strong co-contraction of
the abdominal muscles
with minimal compres-
sive and shear forces on
the lumbar spine (McGill
1997). Have your client
lie on his left side, his
thighs in line with his
body but his knees flexed
90°, with his upper body supported on his left elbow to side flex the spine.
He should then straighten his spine against the force of gravity, leaving
the body supported on the forearm of the underneath arm and hip.
178 . Back Stability

Side Lying Hip Lift

.1{'1~'" Progression from side lying spine lengthening_
Have your client as-
sume the position for
the side lying spine
lengthening. Then have
him lift his hips, leaving
the body supported on
the forearm of the un-
derneath arm and the
knees.

Side Lying Body Lift

.1{11~'. Final progression for developing control of quadratus
lumborum and lateral fibers of oblique abdominals.
Again, have your
client assume the
position for the
side lying spine
lengthening. In-
struct him to
straighten his
knees and cross
the upper leg in
front of the lower
leg. Then he should lift his body to the full side support position, leav-
ing the body supported on the forearm of the underneath arm and the
feet. Encourage him to "lengthen his body" and to "broaden his shoul-
ders" to avoid their "falling" into scapular adduction-the aim being to
form a straight line from the feet, through the pelvis, to the shoulders.

Exercises in the Standing Position

The standing position is clearly important for the activities of daily living.
The aim of the following exercises is to add limb and thoracic movements
to the stable lumbar spine and to add whole spinal movements to the
stable hip. You can monitor changes in the depth of lordosis by having
your client lean against a wall-feet 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) forward of the
 Advanced Stability Training . 179

wall, his buttocks and scapulae on the wall-while you place the bladder
of a pressure biofeedback unit between his lumbar spine and the wall.

Standing Sternal Lift

.lIe1.:.'" To help correct excessive thoracic kyphosis by extending the
thoracic spine in isolation.
The idea of this first sequence of exercises is to teach your client to move
the thoracic spine independently from the nonmoving, stable lumbar
spine. Instruct your client to stand facing a table, his thighs pressed
against the edge to prevent anterior shift of the pelvis into a swayback
position. Have him lift the sternum up and forward, while drawing the
scapulae down. Suggest that he place one hand in front of his sternum
to monitor the sternal lift action. The anterior upward movement and
posterior downward movement work like two guide wires pulling a
wheel with its axle in the chest. The action is to flatten the thoracic curve
rather than simply expand the chest or extend the lumbar spine. If your
client finds it difficult to isolate the thoracic from the lumbar movement,
have him try the same action while sitting-he should place his feet on
a low stool to bring his knees above the level of the hips, thereby flexing
the lumbar spine and reversing the lumbar lordosis. This action reduces
the available extension in the lumbar spine and focuses the action to the
thoracic area. After he has mastered the action in a sitting position, have
him work on it while standing (see "Sternal Lift Exercise," page 162).

Pelvic Shift With Unloading

.lIe1.:.'" To build isolation of leg movements on a stable base-a
precursor to standing leg lifting in the frontal plane.
Initially your client should stand with his side
to a wall for support (gripping wall bars is also
OK). As he develops skill in the movement, he
should do it in a freestanding position. Instruct
him to "lengthen his spine" ("grow taller"); to
shift his pelvis to the left while maintaining
alignment (a); then to unload the right leg by
slightly flexing the knee and lifting the heel,
a b
while keeping the toe on the floor (b). Pelvic shift Leg lift
to unload leg
180 . Back Stability

Pelvic Shift With Leg Lift

.r{'1~'" To teach pelvic control and stability in
single-leg standing.
Ask your client to shift her pelvis to the left, so
that her body weight is over the left leg only, then
slowly lift her right leg no more than 4-6 inches
(10-15 em) while maintaining alignment in all three
planes-there should be no posterior tilt of the pel-
vis, no hip drop, and no spinal rotation. Figure
(a) in "Pelvic Shift With Unloading" shows the a b
Lateral Anterior
correct form; here, figure (a) shows lateral pelvic pelvicdip pelvic dip
tilt (incorrect!); figure (b) illustrates anterior pel-
vic tilt (incorrect!). The action is one of pure hip flexion upon a stable
back: the supporting leg supports the pelvis, and the pelvis supports
the back. The knee should be raised no more than 45° from the horizon-
tal. If your client finds the movement difficult to control, let her practice
at first with her back supported by a wall. The sequence of pelvic shift,
leg unloading, and knee lift are the same, but the back remains against
the wall throughout the movement.

Standing Hip Abduction

.r{'1~'" Learning to maintain stability in the frontal plane while
performing hip abduction.

Your client begins by stand-

ing with her back 2-4 inches
(5-10 em) from a wall. If your
client loses pure abduction as
the movement progresses
(i.e., if she uses any flexion or
extension), she will know im-
mediately because the leg
will move closer to or farther a b
away from the wall. Instruct her to shift her pelvis to the right, unload-
ing the left leg (a). Then, maintaining alignment, she should abduct the
left leg by 10-20° (b). Be sure that she does not laterally tilt her pelvis or
spine (c). She should gradually increase the abduction range to a maxi-
mum of 45°. Reduce the range or stop the exercise as soon as alignment
is lost.
 Advanced Stability Training. 181

Standing Hip Hinge

.f{e1~'. Learning to move the spine and pelvis as a single unit on
the hip.
Have your client stand about 4 inches (10
cm) from a table. She may place her
hands on the table only to help guide her
movement, not to bear weight. Instruct
her to bend from the hip, keeping her
spine straight, until the spine is angled
30-45° from the vertical. It is often easier
if your client focuses attention on her
sacrum and imagines it moving from a b
near vertical to near horizontal-tell her
to "push her tail away." Once she has mastered this movement, she
should do it without table support. Two kinds of feedback may be help-
ful. First, she can monitor pelvic tilt by placing the flat of one hand over
the lower (infra umbilical) abdomen and the back of the other hand over
the sacrum (a). The action is to tilt the pelvis while maintaining the rela-
tionship of the lumbar spine to the pelvis-the palm of the back hand
should end up facing toward the ceiling. The second feedback method
uses a long, straight stick. As your client places one hand over her sacrum
and the other between her shoulder blades, she should grip the stick
with both hands. She must keep her spine on the stick as she performs
the hip hinge action (b). Rounding the spine (a typical error) increases
pressure of the spinous processes on the stick; hollowing the spine in-
creases the gap between the spine and the stick.

Exercises in the Sitting Position

Incorrect sitting positions often cause low back pain, especially that of
postural origin. But, while sitting at home or work, one can also conve-
niently practice the following exercises throughout the day. The first ex-
ercise uses the process of relative flexibility to overload the stabilizing
system.
The sitting position used in these exercises must reflect the optimal align-
ment of body segments. The hips should be at 70° flexion; the knees should
be below the hips and slightly wider than shoulder-width apart (bringing
the knees together posteriorly tilts the pelvis through soft tissue tension).
About 70% of the body's weight should rest on the ischial tuberosities,
30% on the pubis. The gravity line for the upper body should pass from
182 . Back Stability
the center of the hip joint to the shoulder joint and ear canal, with the
spine evenly distributed along the gravity line. Your instructions to hol-
low the abdomen and "lengthen the spine" will help bring about the cor-
rect alignment. If you wish, you can monitor the depth of the lumbar lor-
dosis with pressure biofeedback, placing the bladder of the unit between
the lumbar spine and the chair back. (Note that the sitting position used
in this case is not what most people use in everyday activities; they can
have their backs against the chair for use with a pressure bladder by slightly
straddling the seat with their legs, which, as you recall, are to be some-
what spread, with knees lower than hips.)

Sitting Hamstring Stretch

.l1:tJ.,. Maintaining pelvic position against the pull of the ham-
strings.
For the first exercise, instruct your client to straighten one leg to stretch
the hamstrings, while maintaining lumbar-pelvic alignment. As soon as
the pelvis posteriorly tilts (to bring the ischial tuberosity forward and
take the stretch off the hamstrings), stop the exercise because alignment
has been lost. Progress the exercise by gradually straightening the leg
further (while maintaining alignment) until the knee can be locked fully
with the hip at 70° flexion (see "Tripod Stretch," page 117).

Sitting Sternal Lift

_It.,.,. Performing active thoracic extension and isolating it from
lumbar extension.
Instruct your client to raise her sternum while drawing the scapulae
down, as in the standing sternal lift on page 179. The movement is one
of thoracic spine extension rather than deep inspiration. To assist the
learning process, place the flat of your hand on your client's sternum
and "draw it up," while placing the thumb and forefingers of your op-
posite hand on the inferior angles of the scapulae and "draw it down."
If breathing control proves to be problematic, encourage your client to
breathe out as she begins the sternal lift. Many people mistakenly ex-
tend the lumbar spine rather than the thoracic spine. If this occurs with
your client, let her practice the exercise with her feet on a small stool to
bring her knees above hip level-this position reverses the lumbar lor-
dosis and throws the extension force high up the spine to the thoracic
continued
 Advanced Stability Training . 183

Sitting Sternal Lift. continued

region. Once she has mastered the movement in this position, try the
standard position again (see "Sternal Lift Exercise," [a], page 162).

Sitting Knee Raise

I!imIpull
Maintaining pelvic position
of the hip flexors.
against the

In this third exercise, we overload the stability

muscles by using the pull of the iliopsoas to dis-
place the lumbar spine. Instruct your client to raise
one knee, in stages, to about 3 inches above the
horizontal, while maintaining lumbar-pelvic
alignment. Be sure that he avoids posterior pelvic
tilt. Initially, he should gradually unload the limb
by lifting just the heel. If he is able to maintain
good alignment, have him proceed to lift the en-
tire leg.

Sitting Knee and Arm Raise

.1'{'1~''''ncreasing the complexity to challenge coordination.
Have your client flex one arm to 90°. Holding a small (7.5-10 lb., or 3-5
kg) dumbbell in the hand increases the overload; he should keep the
dumbbell moving rather than holding it still. Combining alternate arm
and leg movements is a useful progression-the right arm is lifted at
the same time as the left knee to provide a diagonal stress on the body;
this is then reversed with the left arm and right knee being raised.

Repeated Pelvic Tilting Exercises

Using Balance Boards
Moving the pelvis beneath an immobile trunk is an excellent teaching
method to improve control of the neutral position, to reduce muscle reac-
tion speed, and to enhance general stability. Using a "rocker board" (moves
like a see-saw), and progressing to a "wobble board" (mounted on a hemi-
sphere-moves in any direction), is an effective (and rather fun) way to
perform such exercises.
184 . BackStability
Simple Pelvic Tilt,
Progressing to Use of Balance Boards

Em For advanced control of pelvic tilt.

At first, have your client sit in the optimal position (see page 181)on a
wooden bench or stool with his feet on the floor. Instruct him to tilt his
pelvis alternately in the anterior and then posterior direction, while main-
taining the position of his shoulders and thoracic spine. The aim is to
isolate the pelvis and lower lumbar spine from the thoracic spine, and
the shoulders from the upper lumbar spine. Progress the exercise by
having your client perform it while sitting first on a rocker board (like a
see-saw, moves in only one plane-shown in the next exercise section),
and then on a wobble board (mounted on a sphere, moves in any direc-
tion-see page 185, "Neutral Position Maintenance").

Pelvic Rock on Rocker Board

.f{I1~'. Progression from simple pelvic tilt.
Initially place the rocker
in the frontal plane to fa-
cilitate anterior and pos-
terior tilting of the pel-
vis. Changing the rocker
orientation of the board
to the sagittal plane will
facilitate lateral tilting.
In each case, the lumbar-
pelvic movement must
be isolated from that of
the upper body. To be-
gin working for muscle
reaction speed, apply
pressure on the shoul-
ders to push your client off balance while he tries to stay upright on the
rocker board. Alternate the orientation of the board, between frontal
and sagittal planes. You'll know when to stop any given session when
your client is no longer able to maintain neutral position or maintain
abdominal hollowing. Build up to 2 minutes in both planes before pro-
gressing to the wobble board.
 Advanced Stability Training. 185

Pelvic Rock on Wobble Board

IIm%i!!IMultiplane (sagittal. frontal. and transverse) stability in
sitting_
Initially, have your client merely sit on the wobble board and attempt to
maintain the optimal sitting position. Have him progress to single plane
actions (flexion/extension and lateral flexion). Once he has mastered
these actions, instruct him to "tip the board around a clock face" (i.e., to
tilt to 1 o'clock and then back to neutral, to 2 o'clock and back to neutral,
to 3 o'clock and back to neutral, etc.). Encourage him to use slow, delib-
erate movements, taking perhaps 2-5 seconds to reach each position of
the clock, holding that position for 2 seconds, taking 2-5 seconds to re-
turn to neutral, holding neutral position for 2 seconds, and then begin-
ning the next phase.

Neutral Position Maintenance

IIm%i!!I Building stability reaction speed in sitting_
Finally, you should try to knock your
client off balance while he maintains
the neutral position on a wobble
board. Initially use slow-onset pres-
sure, working gradually up to rapid
pressure from a variety of directions.
Have your client close his eyes to fa-
ci!itate anticipatory muscle action and
muscle contraction speed. The pro-
gression here is one of time. Initially,
try to prolong the movement for 30
seconds, then 60 seconds, stopping
each time when alignment is lost or the
client loses his balance.

Sitting Hip Hinge

IIm%i!!I Moving spine and pelvis as a single unit on the hip_

The final exercise is the hip hinge (compare "Standing Hip Hinge,"
page 181). As in all these sitting exercises, be sure your client begins
continued
186 . Back Stability

Sitting Hip Hinge, continued

in the optimal sitting position, with the knees astride to facilitate

pelvic tilt (see description under "Exercises in the Sitting Position,"
page 181). Have him tip the whole of his upper body forward as a
single unit, moving the pelvis and spine on the fixed femU[ He should
initiate the action by leaning his whole body forward to change the
sitting weight distribution. In optimal
sitting, approximately 30% of the body
weight is taken on the pubic bones and
70% on the ischial tuberosities, pro-
vided that the knees are aligned below
the hip and the femurs are angled be-
low the horizontal. As your client leans
forward, he takes weight from the is-
chial tuberosities and places it onto the
pubic bone, ending with 70-80% of his
weight on the pubic bone. To lean back,
he reverses the weight transference. To
facilitate the action, suggest that he per-
form it while sitting on a rocker board.
In each case the pelvis and spine should
move as one unit, avoiding any change
in lordosis.

STABILITY BALL EXERCISES

In addition to or even instead of the exercises in the previous section,
your clients can obtain advanced levels of stability by exercises with sta-
bility balls (also called gym balls). These exercises require quite complex
movements and will help increase the stability already obtained through
previous exercises in this book. They also can strengthen stability muscles
that otherwise might not be exercised.
At first your clients should use the ball under your supervision, but
later they can use it at home-it is an inexpensive and effective appara-
tus for back stability. Several authors have described general exercises on
the gym ball, and these publications make useful follow-up material
(Hyman and Liebenson 1996; Lester and Posner-Mayer 1993; Norris
1995a).
 Advanced Stability Training. 187

A 26-inch (65-cm) gym ball facilitates the optimal sitting position for
most people. Your clients should be able to sit on the ball with their femurs
horizontal and their hips and knees both at approximately 900 flexion.
Feet should be shoulder-width apart and flat on the floor to enable free
pelvic tilting and provide a wide base of support. The ball should be in-
flated so that it feels firm but will give slightly when a person sits on it.
Use higher inflation pressures for heavier clients. Deflating the ball slightly
will increase the base of support.
You can reduce the ball's tendency to roll by setting it on a "collar"-a
plastic ring on the floor. When you need to increase your clients' confi-
dence or provide support, place the ball between two chairs: either posi-
tion the chair backs toward the ball so that your clients can lightly touch
the chair with arms outstretched at shoulder level; or, for even more sup-
port, position the seats toward the ball so your clients can place the flats of
their hands on the seat surface.
As with all exercises, your clients should warm up and stretch before
engaging in these activities. During all exercises they should maintain the
neutral position of their spines and keep their abdomens hollowed. They
should perform mirror images of anyone-sided exercises, so the body is
worked symmetrically.
The progression with stability ball exercises is similar to that for previ-
ous exercises: begin with 8-10 repetitions, for example, then increase to
12-15. Note that the gym ball introduces balance as an additional vari-
able. Even if your clients are not fatigued, if they lose alignment or lose
their balance and become unstable (and therefore likely to slip off the
ball), they must stop, rest, and start again using a lower number of repeti-
tions. If gym ball exercises are the only ones your clients are doing, they
should perform all of the following exercises during each session. I sug-
gest at least three but no more than five sessions per week, for at least 10-
16 weeks. At first have your clients use a slow count of 4 or 5 to move into
the holding position; hold the designated position for a count of 5; then
use a count of 4 or 5 to move back into the starting position. They can
progress by adding reps and/or by adding to the holding time. Deter-
mine the limits for a given exercise by observing the point at which your
clients just begin to lose spinal alignment or abdominal hollowing, or to
lose their balance-then instruct them to stay just below that level of tim-
ing or rep number for at least a week before trying to add holding time or
reps. They should always stay just a little bit within their maximum ca-
pacity, as determined by their ability to maintain alignment and abdomi-
nal hollowing.
J88 . Back Stability
Sitting Knee Raise
.fI.m. Maintaining stability in the
presence of hip movement
on a reduced base of
support.
While sitting upright on the gym ball,
your client should lift a single knee
from 90° hip flexion to 120° hip flex-
ion. She must make the action slow and
deliberate, maintaining her body posi-
tion throughout, and avoiding the
temptation to "fall toward" the lifting
leg.

Abdominal Slide
.fllT,:.'. Controlling the action of the rectus abdominis while
moving.
Instruct your client to tilt her pelvis backward from a sitting position
on the ball, then to roll back until her spine rests on the ball. The ac-
tion is to roll through the
spine-the ischial tuberosi-
ties begin on the ball, but the
weight is transferred to the
coccyx and sacrum and even-
tually to the lumbar spine.
The final holding position is
with the trunk slightly flexed
and the abdominal muscles
contracted in a half-sitting
position.

Half-Sitting Arm and Leg Movements

.fI'N. Maintaining stability while moving arms and legs in an
unstable position.
continued
 Advanced Stability Training . 189

Half-Sitting Arm and Leg Movements, continued

Have your client perform the abdominal slide action just described, but
maintain the position when his trunk is at 45° to the horizontaL Then he
should raise one arm while lowering the other. Once he can do this in a
controlled fashion, with the trunk remaining in alignment, have him
rest his arms, then lift one leg while lowering the other. He should try to
keep the thigh of the leg
being raised parallel to the
ground (i.e., only the
lower leg should move).
Finally, he should perform
arm and leg movements
together-the right arm
and left leg lifting together,
and vice versa. To make
the exercise even more
challenging, suggest that
your client hold small
dumbbells in his hands as
he does the movements.

Lying Trunk Curl Over Ball

.f[,,~,. Strengthens upper rectus abdominis muscles.
Instruct your cli-
ent to begin with
his thoracolum-
bar spine sup-
ported on the ball,
his arms at his
side. He should
move from this
sligh tl y flexed
position to spi-
nal extension,
relaxing over the balL He then performs a curling movement while per-
forming abdominal hollowing and pressing his lumbar spine onto the
ball surface. Once he can perform the basic exercise well, increase the
difficulty by having him hold his arms by the side of his head or even
completely overhead.
190 . Back Stability
Lying Trunk Curl With Leg Lift
.I'{t:r..,. Strengthens upper and lower abdominals.
From the "lying
trunk curl over ball"
position, your client
should lift one leg
while maintaining
the stable position,
trying to keep the
thigh parallel to the
other thigh. The
movement is easier if the ball rests closer to the shoulders with the waist
at the ball's edge rather than at the ball's center. Lying over the ball, in
fact, is an excellent way to stretch the whole spine into extension as part
of postural correction of a flatback posture.

Basic Superman
.1'{t7~,. Strengthens the spinal and hip extensors.
Have your client lie prone with his abdomen on the ball, and his feet
astride and flat against a wall. He should tighten his abdominal muscles
to form a firm surface pressing against the ball and retract his head (tuck
the chin in without looking down). He should retract and depress his
shoulders in order to draw his arms downward and back, then extend
his thoracic spine to bring his chest off the ball. Have him hold the inner-
range position for 5-10 seconds.

Superman With Arms

.1'{t1~,. Strengthens spinal extensors; helps shoulder retractors
contribute more to movement.
From the basic superman movement, instruct your client to extend first
one and then both arms overhead to increase the overload for both trunk
and shoulders. Holding a light ball or balloon between his hands can
help give him the feeling of lengthening his body. Observe carefully to
make sure that your client doesn't lose alignment and hyperextend his
spine. There should be a straight line through the heels, knees, hips,
shoulders, and hands.
continued
 Advanced Stability Training. 191

Superman With Arms, continued

Bridge
.I'[IJ~'. To simultaneously strengthen both hip extensors and spinal
extensors.
Have your client lie with
her shoulders and back on
the ball and her feet flat on
the floor, knees apart. At
first, place a small stool un-
der her buttocks and in-
struct her to raise and
lower her body from the
stool using hip extension
force. Once she is able to hold the raised position, remove the stool.
Instruct her to hold the position, making sure that her lumbar spine is in
its optimal position; she should gradually build up the holding time to
30 seconds.

Bridge With Pelvic Tilt

.1'['1.'1. Strengthens back and hip extensors while improving control
of pelvic tilt.
While your client holds the bridge position, have her perform a pelvic
tilt. She can intensify the bridge movement by combining anterior tilt
with lowering her buttocks onto the floor, and a posterior tilt with lift-
ing herself back into the bridge position. This exercise helps teach the
subtleties of muscle control involved in minor adjustments in pelvic
tilt. It is especially helpful to clients who can only perform a tilt as an
"all-or-nothing" movement using maximal force to bring about a full
tilt.
192 . Back Stability
Bridge With Leg Lift
.f{"~'.'ncreases overload-especially of lower abdominals-during
bridge.
Have your client perform the standard bridge exercise-but once he is
in the high position, he should lift one knee to bring the foot off the
ground. Be sure that he maintains spinal alignment, avoiding the temp-
tation to tip the pelvis toward the lifted leg. If he finds it difficult to keep
his pelvis level, place a stick across the front of the pelvis just below the
level of the anterior superior iliac spines. If the pelvis tilts too far, the
stick will fall off!

Bridge With Leg Lift and Extension

.f{'1~'. Strengthens lower abdominals while increasing leg control.

Have your client
perform the stan-
dard bridge and
lift the right knee
so that the right
foot clears the
floor, avoiding
the tendency to
allow the pelvis
to tilt to the right.
At the high position, he should gradually straighten the right leg until it
is completely in line with the spine. After maintaining this position for
2-3 seconds, he slowly bends the leg and lowers it till his foot is back on
the ground.

Bridge With Therapist Pressure

.f{'1~'. Strengthens hip and trunk stability muscles by challenging
stability with continuously variable overload from multiple
directions.
While your client performs the standard bridge, you should kneel at his
side. Push against his pelvis from above/below and side/side. Rapid
pushes will decrease muscle reaction time, training the muscles to con-
tract more quickly without loss of intensity.
 Advanced Stability Training. 193

Reverse Bridge

.f!I7~'" Strengthens back and hip muscles while increasing leg

motion control.
Your client's feet and calves should rest on the ball, with her trunk on
the floor. Instruct her to abduct her arms to about 30. to aid balance.
Then she should lift her hips to make a straight line from the shoulders
to the hips and feet.

Reverse Bridge and Roll

.f!'1~'" Strengthens trunk and hip muscles, while increasing leg
motion control.
Once your client is in the high position of the reverse bridge movement,
she should roll the ball toward herself by flexing her knees and hips;
then roll it away by extending the legs again.

Heel Bridge
.f!I7~'" Increases overload in the bridge position.
Instruct your
clien t to as-
sume the high
position of the
reverse bridge,
with this differ-
ence: only her
heels should be on the ball. Instruct her to push each heel alternately
into the ball-this entails pushing down with the whole leg to activate
the hamstrings and gluteals, rather than simply flexing the knee to work
the hamstrings alone.
194 . BackStability
Single-Leg Heel Bridge
.f{'N. Provides maximal overload in the bridge position.
Your client's trunk should be
on the floor, and only her
heels should be on the ball.
Have her lift one leg and hold
it away from the ball. Then
have her perform a single-leg
heel bridge by pushing her
heel into the ball and lifting
her buttocks off the floor. She
should hold the position for
5-10 seconds, then lower her body under control to the starting position.

Heel Bridge With Leg Raise, Ball Rolling

.f{I1~'. Provides maximal overload in the bridge position, while
increasing leg movement control.
Instruct your client to begin as with the previous exercise, up through the
point of raising one leg. At this point, she should roll the ball toward herself
by flexing her knee and hip; then roll it away by extending her leg again.

Prone Fall
.f{'1~'. Provides co-contraction for the hip and trunk muscles.
Have your client place his
thighs on the ball, with his
legs together and his hands
on the floor. He should
lengthen his body to achieve
a neutral spine, and retract
his head to maintain cervical
alignment. He should begin
with the ball close to his pel-
vis, and then walk his hands forward so that the ball moves down his
legs toward the knees. By shifting the body's center of gravity farther
from the center of the ball, this movement increases the leverage effect.
 Advanced Stability Training. 195

Prone Fall With Arm Lift

."tN.'ncreases overload in prone fall.
Have your client begin with the prone fall movement. Then he should
lift one hand about 0.5 inches (1.3 em) from the floor without allowing
the shoulder girdle to dip down. He then lifts the arm first to the side
and eventually forward, pointing the hand and lengthening the whole
body.

Prone Fall With Single-Leg Lift

."t7.:.'.'ncreases overload (especially for gluteals) in prone fall,
while training for abdominal-gluteal co-contraction.
Have your client begin with the prone fall movement, then lift one
leg to 15° hip extension, keeping the knee locked. Instruct him to
perform alternate single-leg lifts; to train for speed as well as strength,
have him gradually increase the speed of the lifts. Eventually he
should do them as fast as he can without losing correct alignment.

Wall Sit

."t7.:.'. To prepare the body for lifting, while strengthening the legs
to provide power for the lift.
Your client performs the following exercise with the ball sandwiched
between his back and a wall. This has two main advantages over simply
leaning against the wall. First, vertical movement is easier because the
rolling of the ball removes the friction between the individual's back

continued
196 . Back Stability
Wall Sit, continued
and the wall. Second, these exercises require more control since the sub-
ject is leaning on a mobile object rather than a fixed wall. The greater
degree of control builds more automatic stability (i.e., the individual need
not focus so much on the stability muscles in order to keep them stable).
While your client stands with his back toward the wall, his feet about
2.5 feet (0.75 m) from the wall, place the gym ball between the wall and
the lumbar region of his back. Instruct him to lower his body to the sit-
ting position while rolling the ball down the wall. Once he achieves 90°
hip and knee flexion (a), he should hold the position for 5-10 seconds
and then roll back up to the starting position. He can then progress to the
single-leg wall sit (b).

Free Squat
.flaB. Teaches whole-body control during vertical movement.
Place the gym ball on a collar to stop it from rolling. Have your client
stand in front of the ball, feet astride. She should slowly squat, keeping
her back aligned, until she sits on the ball, then slowly stand up again.

Arm Lift in 4-Point Kneeling

.fle7.:.,.'ncreases overall stability during shoulder movements.
Decrease the ball pressure for kneeling actions so that it will fit comfort-
ably under your client's abdomen in 4-point kneeling. Once your client
is kneeling over the ball, instruct him to lift first one (a) and then both
continued
 Advanced Stability Training . 197

Arm Lift in 4.Point Kneeling, continued

arms to the horizontaL Tell
him to "lengthen his body"
through the arms and hold
the fully extended position
for 5-10 seconds. The next
progression is for the client
to extend his spine and lift
his arms behind himself to
the horizontal (b).

Double-Leg Raise
.f'('7.'.'ncreases strength of hip and spine extensors, while promot.
ing trunk stability.
Your client begins as with the
previous exercise, but with the
ball lower down the body to-
ward the hips. Have him first
lift one leg to the horizontal,
maintaining good body align-
ment throughout the action.
He can then progress to lifting both legs. If your client's legs are espe-
cially heavy, his arms may lift from the floor during this exercise. To
prevent this, he should hold onto a low object such as the legs of a heavy
gym bench. He should hold the fully extended position for 5-10 sec-
onds.

PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING
The aim of most of the training in this book is for your clients (1) to learn
to move/position their muscles in such a way that their lower backs will
become stable, and (2) to keep their backs in the stable position. And the
second goal is virtually unattainable unless your clients' bodies learn to
198 . BackStability
do what is necessary without conscious thought. The movements, the
postures, and the balance must be more automatic. This is the goal of prop-
rioceptive training.

Theory of Proprioception
Because I believe it is important that you know the underlying mecha-
nisms behind the activities you prescribe for your clients, the next few
paragraphs provide a brief overview of proprioception.

Movement Sense
Kinesthetic awareness, or "movement sense," includes the detection of
both joint displacement and change in velocity (Le.,acceleration). It is com-
monly assessed by measuring the threshold to detection of passive motion
(TIDPM): individuals simply state when they feel movement has begun.
One cannot act to correct imbalance until one is aware that there is an
imbalance. The awareness can be conscious or unconscious, however, and
the corrective action likewise can be intentional or automatic. The pur-
pose of proprioceptive training is to help individuals learn both to detect
and to correct imbalances without conscious awareness that they are do-
ing so. Consciously performed joint-positioning activities, especially at
end range, will enhance the development of automatic control and cogni-
tive awareness (Lephart and Fu 1995).

Regulation of Muscle Stiffness

Dynamic joint stability (Le., the body's ability to constantly make un-
conscious "microcorrections" to keep a joint stable) occurs via reflexes
at the spinal level. And reflexes by definition are not conscious or in-
tentional movements. A common illustration is the body's response
when your finger touches a hot skillet. The incoming nerve stimulus
(afferent, Le., going "toward" the central nervous system) doesn't even
make it to the brain-rather, it gets only as far as the spinal cord before
it is processed and an appropriate outgoing (efferent, i.e., going "away
from" the central nervous system) signal is sent to the muscles: "Move
your hand!" In fact, you end up moving your hand without thinking
about it because your brain had nothing to do with the reaction-it all
occurred in a "closed loop" of signals between your hand and your
spinal cord.
The ideal situation as far as back stability is concerned is that you
have such "closed loop" efferent signals constantly going out to your
stability muscles: the receptor nerves detect a slight increase in insta-
bility, they send messages to the spinal cord, and instantaneously out-
going "efferent" signals are sent out to tweak a multifidus muscle,
to slightly increase tension in your left internal oblique muscle, etc. It
 Advanced Stability Training . 199

all happens dozens of times a second without your even thinking

about it.
Such is the goal of proprioceptive exercises. It is possible to "train" your
nervous system to be more sensitive to incoming messages that say "sta-
bility is weakening" and to provide more automatic outgoing signals that
instruct which muscles to change in which way. If such a fine-tuned sys-
tem seems unimaginable, try this experiment: open a water faucet at least
halfway, place a drinking glass under it, and keep the glass as perfectly
level as you can. You'll find that you can keep it quite still. Now consider
the complexity of the nerve signals involved in the task you just com-
pleted. Thousands of times a second, afferent signals left your hand with
the message, "The cup has just gotten heavier." And thousands of times a
second, efferent signals returned from your central nervous system: "OK,
tighten such-and-such muscles a teensy bit more." But it all happens so
fast, and the microadjustments are so smooth, that for the most part your
hand is able to hold the drinking glass stable. This is a closed loop system.
Your brain isn't significantly involved. The signals go to your spinal cord,
they are processed, and the return messages head immediately back to
your hand.
Proprioceptive exercises involve sudden alterations in joint position in
order to train the body's reflexes. Chapter 7 provided exercises to help
your clients learn simply to reproduce passive positioning of body seg-
ments. The training in this section is similar to those activities, but on a
very fast track! In order to thoroughly follow an individual's progress,
you theoretically can measure the precise onset of muscle contraction in
relation to joint displacement-unfortunately, however, you most likely
would need to refer your client to a physical therapy department or
specialist biomechanics lab to make accurate measurements. Yet, with ex-
perience, you can assess onset of muscle contraction to some degree by
palpating the muscle during a passive movement test. This type of exami-
nation, while not exact, can be useful for muscle re-education. The aim is
simply to note if the muscles are able to limit joint displacement and effec-
tively stabilize the joint.

Benefits of Training
Using TIDPM and reproduction of passive positioning (RPP), Barrack et
al. (1983) found decreased kinesthesia with increasing age (Le., the closed
loop system for stability works less well). Injury further reduces proprio-
ceptive input due to prolonged inactivity and damage to proprioceptive
nerve endings within the injured tissues. A number of authors have stressed
the importance of proprioceptive training in rehabilitation following in-
jury to the knee (Barrack et al. 1983; Beard et al. 1994), ankle (Freeman et
al. 1965; Konradsen and Ravn 1990; Lentell et al. 1990), and shoulder
200 . Back Stability
(Lephart et al. 1994; Smith and Brunolli 1990). The functional importance
of proprioceptive training has also been emphasized during rehabilitation
of the spine (Irion 1992; Lewit 1991; Norris 1995a), although its use in spi-
nal rehabilitation is less common than for other areas of the body.
Proprioception and accompanying reflexes may indeed be enhanced
with training. Barrack et al. (1983) found enhanced kinesthesia in trained
dancers, and Lephart and Fu (1995) demonstrated the same in intercolle-
giate gymnasts. Both types of athletes practice free exercise using body
weight as resistance and using complex multijoint activities. This type of
training appears appropriate for proprioceptive rehabilitation.

KEY POINT: Proprioception and stabilizing reflexes may be

enhanced by using training that involves complex multijoint
activities.

The basis of proprioceptive training for the back is maintenance of sta-

bility against a rapidly applied force tending to displace the spine. In most cases,
you can instruct your clients to practice one or more of the following exer-
cises for at least five minutes a day, four or five days per week. The limit-
ing factor is whether or not your clients can keep their spines stable (they
should stop before they lose stability). They should do the most advanced
exercise(s) of which they are capable, as quickly as they are able-remem-
ber, the idea is to train their reflexes to act with such extreme speed that
maintaining spinal stability will be as smooth an operation as your hold-
ing the glass motionless as it fills under a tap.

Rapid Displacement in Sitting

.1"111.01.Develop muscle reaction speed for back stability.
Have your client sit on a stool with her spine optimally aligned. A train-
ing partner stands behind her and presses against her shoulders from
multiple directions to flex, extend, and laterally flex the spine. Initially
the pressure should be even, but gradually it should become varied in
both direction and force. The aim is for your client to be able to rapidly
stabilize the spine before the spine moves away from its neutral position.
Instruct her to relax her trunk muscles between repetitions (which should
last about a minute each), rather than hold them rigidly braced through-
out the whole exercise. If you have it available, you may want to use
surface EMG to monitor changing muscle tone. As your client's reac-
tions become more proficient, the movements should become faster-
but she must always maintain good alignment.
 Advanced Stability Training. 201

Muscle Reaction Speed Using a Mobile Platform

.1'1:11.'. Further develop muscle reaction speed for back stability.
Instruct your client to assume a 2-point kneeling position on a balance
board and to align his lumbar spine into its neutral position. Then a train-
ing partner should push him off balance so that the platform tilts. The
aim is to maintain lumbar stability as the board tilts, while keeping the edges
of the board off the ground. Start with a rocker board (allows single-plane
motion), advancing later to a domed balance board (wobble board) that
allows trip lane motion. You may also want to use other mobile platforms
such as the Fitter ski trainer (Fitter International Inc., Calgary, Alberta,
Canada), the slide trainer (Forza Fitness Equipment, London, England),
or a mini trampette (available in most large sports stores). Again, increase
the speed of the movements as your client becomes more proficient.

Throw-Catch Activities on a Mobile Surface

.1'1:11.'. Develop rapid-onset back stability.
Throw-catch activities using a basketball or medicine ball will increase
the challenge to the stabilizing system. The aim is to align the lumbar
spine optimally while balancing on the mobile surface. As your client
catches the ball, she must maintain spinal alignment in spite of the
platform's motion. Instruct your client to increase the speed of the exer-
cises as she becomes more proficient.

SUMMARY
· Once individuals have achieved basic back stability through
exercises in previous chapters, they can begin building greater stability
the

and training their backs for sports or on-the-job lifting by using the
advanced exercises in this chapter.
· Advanced stability exercises, with movement of limbs on the stable
trunk, will greatly increase an individual's ability to maintain back
stability automatically, without conscious thought.
· Exercises with gym balls also help develop automatic stability and
help develop muscles that previous, more basic, exercises may not
affect.
· Proprioceptive exercises can be very useful in training your clients'
reflexes to automatically (unconsciously) keep the spine stable.
 9
More Advanced
Stabilig Training!
Weight Training and Plyometrics

If one's goal is merely to develop adequate back stability, special equip-

ment is unnecessary. People with sport and occupational injuries, how-
ever, require limb strength in addition to back stability in order to complete
their rehabilitation-especially if they are to resume on-the-job lifting tasks
or sports activities in which the body works against resistance.
Weight training has several important advantages for those with lower
back problems. First, it can increase the limb strength that some people
need. Second, it can further enhance trunk muscle strength/stability to
the level often required in sports-especially contact sports where abdomi-
nal strength can have a protective function for the internal organs. Finally,
weight training can help to guard against further back injury.
When we use weight training for back stability, we are strengthening
muscles upon an already stable base-weight training is appropriate only
for individuals who have already re-educated and built up endurance
within the stabilizing muscles. Weight training takes the process further,
adding greater resistance both to strengthen muscle and to challenge the
stability system itself. The target muscles are those of the trunk, the limb
muscles attaching to the trunk, and the limb muscles that provide the
power for lifting.
Plyometric exercises also can enhance strength and stability, with the
added benefit of training for very fast reaction times. Your clients can use
plyometrics in place of weight training if they wish, although I suggest a
combination of both if they can afford the time. They need good stability
before beginning either kind of training-but since the speed of move-
ment in plyometrics is far greater than that in basic weight training, your
clients will need better stability to begin plyometrics than to begin using
machine weights.

202
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 203

KEY POINT: Weight training or plyometric exercise for greater

back stability is appropriate only for those who have already
developed good back stability using exercises described earlier
in this book.

WEIGHT TRAINING
Emphasize to your clients that the weight training you are giving them is
specifically part of a back stability program, and therefore the activities
will be somewhat different from those they may see other people doing in
the weight rooms. Make sure they understand that they must follow your
instructions, resisting the temptation to emulate the practices of other ex-
ercisers.

Before You Start

Before introducing any of these weight-training exercises, give your
clients the following instructions: (1) They must keep the whole spine
correctly aligned and the lumbar spine in neutral position. (2) They
should perform abdominal hollowing to tighten the stabilizing muscles
and provide a stable base upon which the limbs can move. (3) They
should exhale when lifting a weight, rather than holding their breaths,
and be careful that deep breathing does not lead to hyperventilation
and associated dizziness.
Weight training involves three types of muscle work. The weight is lifted
through concentric muscle action, held steady by isometric action, and low-
ered under control by eccentric action. Your clients should use all three
phases. Remind them that the common practice of lifting the weight rap-
idly and then dropping it minimizes eccentric and isometric action, both
of which are vital to stability work. A ratio of lifting for a count of 3, hold-
ing for a count of 2, and lowering for a count of 4 will emphasize each
type of muscle work.
Your clients should feel comfortably challenged during these exercises
rather than excessively strained. Their breathing rates will increase, but
they should be able to talk normally at all times-if they are fighting for
breath, the exercise intensity is too great for rehabilitation and you should
stop the exercise. Individuals may sweat lightly and experience mild red-
dening/ darkening of the skin; but excessive red coloration and bulging
of veins in the face and neck are indications that the exercise intensity is
too great, and the exercise should be stopped. See that a therapist or trainer
supervises your clients during the initial stages of weight training, until
both parties are confident that the exercise techniques are correct.
204 . Back Stability
Safety Check
All exercise equipment has risks that must be minimized (see "Safety Check-
list for Weight Training," below). The risks fall broadly into two categories:
those associated with moving machinery, and those associated with the lift-
ing action itself. Here are the rules you should present to your clients, and
the explanations you should give them for why the rules are important:

· Control the weights. Moving weights carry considerable momentum.

Unless the weights are kept under control throughout the full range of
motion, there is considerable risk to joints and body tissues. When a limb
reaches the end of its motion range, the ligaments and muscles surrounding
it become tight and limit further movement. Movements that are too rapid
lead to loss of control-the joint stops moving at the end of the motion
range, but the inertia of the weight forces the joint further against the
tightening support tissues, causing severe trauma or overuse injury. With
a traumatic injury, tissues are suddenly tom and function is lost-the
athlete sometimes feels the body part "tear" or "give." Bleeding and
swelling result. Overuse injuries are more insidious. The tissues undergo
microtrauma as they are continually pulled further than their normal range
allows. The resulting low-grade inflammation in some cases gives rise to
formation of scar tissue, and in others may actually pull a tendon
attachment away from the bone. When this happens the bone membrane
(periosteum) may be lifted and the area may calcify, giving a cloudy
appearance on X ray. In either case, the message is clear: when using
Safety Checklist for Weight Training
.. Always warm up before training.
Check machinery before use.
.. Set up machinery to suit your height and weight.
Tie back long hair and be careful with loose clothing.

... Remove jewelry.

Wearserviceable footwear-no flip-flops!
Use correct exercise techniques and keep the weight under
control.
. Watch your body alignment-keep a neutral, stable spine.
.. Keep abdomen hollowed during exercises.
Practice good back care-lift correctly.
.. Train within your own limitations.
Never train through an injury-see a physical therapist.

Adapted, by permission, from eM. Norris, 1995, Weight training:

Principles and practice (London: A & C Black).
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 205

weight-training apparatus, your clients must always move the weights in

a controlled fashion.

KEY POINT: When using weight-training equipment, your

clients must move the weights in a controlled, slow manner.
Tell them, "Make sure you control the weight; don't let it
control you'"

· Wear appropriate clothing. Even though most machines have guards,

fingers and especially hair and clothing can be trapped in the moving
weight stack with severe results. Instruct your clients to tie back long hair
when they use machine weights and to keep loose clothing well away
from the machines. They should remove watches, large rings, and dangling
jewelry. Good sports shoes will help protect their feet-the weight gym is
no place for beach shoes or flip-flops! Toes can be stubbed and free weights
dropped onto feet. As well as giving your lower limbs better alignment,
sports shoes offer the first line of defense against foot injuries.
· Adjust the equipment. Most good weight-training machines allow
users to adjust the unit for the shape and size of their bodies. Make sure
that the machine is set up beforeit is used, and that the user knows exactly
how the machine works before beginning the exercise.
· Know your limits. Remind your clients to train well within their limits.
An old adage says, "Never sacrifice technique for weight." Lifting a weight
that is too heavy can impair both technique and body alignment and
increase the risk of injury.
· Listen to your body. Your clients must not train with an injury unless
they are following a structured rehabilitation program. The key is to listen
to the body, especially pain. Never allow an individual to exercise through
increasing pain. If a movement hurts and is continued slowly, the pain
may diminish-in which case the person is probably suffering from
stiffness that is working loose. If pain increases, however, the movement
must stop. Caution: remember that some rapid, repeated actions may
"reduce" pain simply because the exercise hurts more than the injury!
Alert your clients to this possibility, and remind them to stop such
movements immediately if they even suspect a masking effect.
KEY POINT: Never exercise through increasing pain.

Machine Exercises
A major advantage of machine exercises is that they usually allow only single-
plane motions and are therefore easy to coordinate (pulleys are an exception-
206 . Back Stability

because they allow motion in three planes, they require more complex coordi-
nation). Have your clients use "pyramid training," with light resistance for
the first sets to prepare the muscles for higher overload. They generally should
employ slow repetitions to make the movement exact, and light resistances in
order to build endurance. Obviously, they should do all exercises using both
left and right sides of their bodies-they should simply follow mirror-image
instructions for anyone-sided exercises described in the next section.
Once your clients have mastered the basic movements for any of these
exercises, using fairly light weights, prescribe a progressive program simi-
lar to the following, taking your clients' individual needs into account: for
each machine, determine the weight with which the clients can perform 15
full repetitions and still have enough energy left to do 3 or 4 more before
reaching exhaustion. Prescribe 12-15 reps per exercise session, three ses-
sions per week, skipping at least one day between sessions. After two weeks,
they can increase the weight, again according to how much they can lift
using 15 full reps and not quite be at the point of exhaustion. Let them
follow this program-12-15 reps / session, three sessions / week, for a period
of at least 16 weeks, never increasing the weights past the point where they
can do 15 reps and still feel they can do several more. Remember, this is not
a program of building photogenic bodies-it is a program designed to fur-
ther increase back stability and help prevent future back problems.
You can prescribe higher numbers of repetitions (20-25) to enhance
muscle endurance rather than strength. Although 12-15 repetitions will pro-
duce some increase in both muscle strength and muscle endurance, higher
numbers of reps are required for muscle endurance with minimal joint
loading. This is relevant for clients whose clinical conditions preclude their
handling larger weights. Those with high blood pressure or severe os-
teoporosis, for example, may require higher numbers of repetitions with
very little resistance. This type of workout will help your clients learn the
proper movement without overloading the joints.
The weight your clients lift should always feel comfortable and lightly
challenging to them. If a weight feels too heavy, it will lead to poor exer-
cise technique-and body alignment will suffer. If you see this happen-
ing, reduce the weight.

Lateral Pulldown
.1'(t1~,.. To strengthen the latissimus dorsi (which tensions the thora-
columbar fascia, an essential component of stabilization).
For the lat pulldown, one may lower the bar either behind the shoulders
or to sternal level on the chest. Either position can be used, and both have
continued
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 207

Lateral Pulldown, continued

advantages and disadvantages.
Pulling the bar behind the neck will
increase your client's shoulder mo-
bility, as that position requires a
higher degree of external rotation
at the shoulder than pulling the bar
to the chest. Since external rotation
is often limited, this is a desirable
form of mobility training. Remem-
ber, however, that the seventh cer-
vical vertebra has a very prominent
spinous process (the point of bone
pressing out through the skin), and
your clients must take care not to
strike this point with the bar. To
lessen the likelihood of this happen-
ing, they should pass the bar behind
the head by 2-3 inches (5-8 cm)
rather than letting it brush the hair. In this way, the bar will miss the
cervical spine and come to rest across the shoulders. Individuals unable
to adopt this position should pull the bar to the upper chest. The action is
a smooth pull downward, placing the bar (in the first case) behind the
neck and across the shoulders. The head should be tilted forward slightly,
and the bar must not strike the cervical vertebrae but rest across the middle
fibers of the trapezius. The lowering action of the weight pulls the bar up
again. Instruct your clients not to permit the weights to rest together at
the end of the movement, so that useful traction will be maintained in the
latissimus dorsi and the thoracolumbar fascia.
Bringing the bar in front of the body to the top of the sternum re-
duces the range of external rotation and extension at the shoulder
and is especially useful for less flexible individuals and those with a
history of shoulder subluxation or dislocation. Although you may
permit your clients to use whatever grip seems most comfortable-
wide, narrow, pronated, supinated, or midposition-keep the follow-
ing in mind: using a narrow grip either on a standard wide bar or a
box frame (with elbows in pronated or mid position) will allow the
elbows to pass close to the sides of the body as the bar is pulled down;
and, according to Weider (1989), keeping the elbows in will thicken
the latissimus dorsi rather than broaden it. Using a supinated grip
reduces the emphasis on the latissimus dorsi and emphasizes the bi-
ceps brachii.
208 . Back Stability
Cable Crossover
.I{"~,,, To strengthen the latissimus dorsi
and pectoralis major.
The movement begins with both arms ab-
ducted. The feet are apart, slightly wider
than shoulder width. The action is to exhale
and pull both arms into adduction to the
sides of the body. An alternate approach is
to pull the arms forward across the chest-
this technique increases the adduction range
and emphasizes the pectoralis major. The el-
bows should be slightly bent throughout the
movement, to reduce stress on the elbow
joint.

Back Extension (Machine)

.1{11~'" Strengthens the erector spinae (full range).
The back extension machine can help re-
habilitate and strengthen the back exten-
sors but can cause problems if faulty
technique is used. It requires close super-
vision. Permit clients to use this machine
only after they have mastered the hip
hinge action and pelvic tilt movements
(both in chapter 4). Have your client ad-
just the machine so that knees and hips
are bent to 70-80° and the pivot point of
the machine is aligned with the hip joint
axis. The movement begins with a pos-
terior tilt of the pelvis, moving the seat
contact point from the ischial tuberosi-
ties back onto the sacrum. The action is
movement of the pelvis on the station-
ary femur, with the back stabilized and
immobile throughout the early part of the movement. Only when the
second half of the movement range begins should the spine move into
extension.
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 209

Back Extension (Frame)

.1'[t1~,.. Strengthens the erector spinae (limited range).
The back hyperextension frame is useful in both the early and advanced
stages of training but can be dangerous if used incorrectly. The exercise po-
sition is similar to the superman (pages 190-191). Quality supervision is
vital. Be doubly sure that your client maintains the neutral position at all
times during this exercise and is performing abdominal hollowing. Place a
bench or stool in front of the machine, level with your client's shoulders. He
should place his hands on the stool in a push-up position, with his legs
locked onto the machine pads. He lifts first one hand and then both hands
from the stool, placing his arms by his sides. Have him perform this action
10 times, resting his arms on the stool between each movement.
Once he can perform this action in a controlled manner, add spinal exten-
sion. He should begin in the neutral position (with or without stool sup-
port), move into extension, lifting the shoulders about 2-3 inches (5-8 em)
above the hip only, then back to neutral, and finally down into flexion. Avoid
full inner-range extension, to reduce loading on the lumbar facet joints.
Note that this action can injure an individual with poor back stability. At
the beginning of the movement, if the abdominal muscles are relaxed,
the pelvis will anteriorly tilt and the lumbar spine hyperextend, com-
pressing the lumbar facet joints without sufficient intra-abdominal pres-
sure to reduce the loading. Back stability and good alignment control
are essential prerequisites for performing this exercise.

Seated Rowing
.,{l7~'" To strengthen scapular retractors (middle trapezius, lower
trapezius, serratus anterior) and glenohumeral extensors
(triceps)-bilateral.
Instruct your client to perform this
exercise with her knees bent, in order
to relax the hamstrings and allow the
pelvis to anteriorly tilt sufficiently for
her lumbar spine to remain in neu-
tral position. The action is upper arm
extension, keeping the elbows in to
the sides of the body. The scapulae
should adduct, and the thoracic spine extend in the stemallift action
(chapter 7). When lowering the weight, she should not allow it to pull
the thoracic spine into flexion.
210 . Back Stability
Single Arm Pulley Row
.,{t1~'" Strengthens scapular retractors and shoulder extensors (as
in seated rowing~unilateral.
Because this exercise combines back extension
and rotation with shoulder extension, it offers a
significant challenge to the stabilizing system
of the back. Have your client stand in a lunge
n
position to the left of the pulley, with the left
foot forward and the 0 handle of the low pul-
ley gripped in the right hand. He should place
his left hand on the left knee for support and
angle his body forward (trunk on hip) at 45°.
He then pulls the right arm into extension at the
shoulder-and, as the pulley hand approaches
his chest, he slightly rotates his trunk to the right a
and extends the thoracic spine (a) (stemallift
action, see chapter 7). Using a low pul-
ley position (pulley at mid-shin level)
requires the exerciser to lean over
slightly, increasing the workload on
the spinal extensors (b). This is suit-
able only where alignment is good and
the individual can keep his spine
straight throughout the action. Plac-
ing the pulley at waist height negates
the requirement to lean forward, tak-
ing the workload off the spinal exten-
sors and reducing leverage on the
spine. Use the waist-high position if
b
your client's alignment is poor.

low Pulley Spinal Rotation

.f['1~'" Strengthens oblique abdominals.
One can perform spinal rotation exercises in lying, sit-
ting, or standing positions. For the lying exercise (a),
have your client assume a half-crook lying position
perpendicular to the direction of pull, flexing the leg
closer to the pulley. Attach the cable of the pulley to
a
continued
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 211

Low Pulley Spinal Rotation, continued

the flexed knee with a leather or webbing strap.

The action is to rotate the spine so that the bent
knee passes over the straight leg and onto the
floor.
In the sitting position (b), your client sits on a
stool, facing perpendicular to the pulley, with ..
her left side about 18 inches (0.5 m) from the pul-
ley. She should flex her right arm 90° at the
elbow, holding it across her body. After adjust-
ing the level of the lower pulley so that it is level
with her elbow, she should grip the D handle of
the pulley with her right hand. The action is to b
rotate her trunk to the right, keeping her hips,
legs, and arm immobile so the weight of the pulley unit is lifted by the
trunk action alone.
The standing exercise is similar to the sitting. She again adjusts the
pulley to elbow level and folds the outer arm across her body, her feet
apart to maintain a wide base of support.

Rotary Torso Machine

.1'(t1~,. To strengthen oblique abdominals while avoiding end-range
movements.
Position the rotation lock to allow full rotation range
but not to overstretch the spine. If rotation is painful
or the range is limited, set the lock of the machine to
avoid the painful end-range position. The action is a
smooth rotation into full muscular inner range. Have
your client hold the position and then slowly release
it, avoiding the temptation to drop the weights rap-
idly and spin the machine. Reset the machine for the
opposite rotation, remembering that range and
strength are not necessarily symmetrical.
Remember also that the full inner-range position into which an
individual's muscles can pull (physiologicalinner range) is generally less
than the full inner range into which he can be taken passively (anatomi-
cal inner range). As long as the motion is smooth and not too fast, your
client is in no danger of overly stressing the facet joints of the spine
during this exercise. If the motion is too rapid, however, the momentum
of the machine can take the spine past physiological inner range and
into anatomical inner range, loading the facet joints unnecessarily.
212 . Back Stability

Abdominal Machine
.f'(I1.". Strengthens the rectus abdom;n;s.
Several abdominal machines are available on the
market, but most provide resistance to trunk flex-
ion, emphasizing the supraurnbilical portion of the
rectus abdominis. Some provide additional resis-
tance for the hip flexors working the infraumbilical
portion of rectus abdominis as well. If possible,
align the pivot of the machine with the center or
lower portion of the lumbar spine rather than the
hips. It is important that the rectus abdorninis does
not bulge outward or "bowstring" during the ac-
tion, but abdominal hollowing (practiced in all
these exercises) will alleviate this potential prob-
lem. Have your client grip the machine arms, hold-
ing his elbows in throughout the action. Instruct him to "roll into flexion,"
keeping his back on the backrest and avoiding the tendency to lean for-
ward. The movement begins by pulling the sternum down rather than
forward. The eccentric component of the movement is important, so lower-
ing the weight has to be slow and controlled.

Trunk Flexion With High Pulley (Pulley Crunch)

.IIIH. Strengthens the rectus abdom;n;s.
Instruct your client either to kneel (2-point kneel-
ing) or to sit, with his back to the machine, hold-
ing the 0 handle of the machine in both hands
behind or in front of the neck (either is correct-
the client should choose the most comfortable po-
sition). He should shuffle forward until he has
taken up the slack in the machine cable. The ac-
tion is to flex the trunk alone rather than the trunk
on the hip (hip hinging), with the movement point-
ing the head downward toward the knees rather
than forward in front of the knees. The action must
be slow and controlled. Very little movement is
available, so it is essential that the machine cable
is tight before the action begins.
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 21 3

Free Weight Exercises

In the context of a back stability program, free weights are only for people
whose bodies have heavy demands for strength and speed-generally,
individuals who perform either medium or heavy manual handling on
their jobs, or who are involved in strenuous sports. Free weights are also
helpful in late-stage rehabilitation because of the complexity of skills they
require (as compared with machine weights).
It is best if, before beginning this stage, your clients have mastered the
machine weight exercises just described, as those exercises help build the
strength needed in these more complex free weight movements. They must
do the exercises in this section only under strict supervision until they
have perfected the actions. Give special consideration to clients younger
than 18 or older than 60 years of age because their skeletons and joint
structures are generally more prone to injury that those of other people.
These individuals should exercise only under the supervision of a physi-
cal therapist or trainer who is specially trained to teach these groups.

~I Individuals must demonstrate good stability,

segmental control, and whole-body alignment before begin-
ning late-stage rehabilitation exercises.

Special Concerns Regarding Free Weights

Because free weight exercises combine both speed and weight, they expose
the body to high levels of momentum (the product of mass X velocity).
It's easy to stop a fast-moving arm if you have a pencil in your hand; but
an arm moving at the same speed with a 20-pound weight in the hand can
end up with torn tissues if the movement is not controlled. It is important
that your sports-oriented clients-whether they swing objects such as
racquets, or move their bodies quickly-learn to control momentum forces.
The same is true for clients involved in moving or lifting heavy objects on
the job.
Before allowing individuals to begin free weight exercises, establish the
following prerequisites and ground rules:

· Your clients must have good stability and alignment. They must be
able to maintain a neutral spinal position against limb resistance, as
illustrated by good performance on the heel slide action (chapter 8, page
170). They must be able to maintain good alignment throughout the free
weight-training program, keeping their lumbar spines in or near the neutral
position at all times-the thoracic spine should be at its optimal position
for each client, with shoulders held back comfortably (but not rigidly
braced) and the chin held in.
214 . Back Stability

· They must have good stability endurance. They should be able to

perform 10 repetitions of each of the exercises in chapter 4, holding each
rep for 10 seconds.
· They should have mastered all the machine weight exercises in the
previous section of this chapter.
· They must warm up and stretch thoroughly before each weight
session. First, they should lightly exercise (treadmill, stationary bike, etc.)
till they just begin to sweat. Second, they should perform comprehensive
stretching exercises that will take every major joint (hip, knee, shoulder,
and spine) through its full range of motion. Third, they should rehearse
each exercise by performing the first set at a light weight before adding
further resistance.
· They must stretch adequately after each weight-lifting session.
· At the beginning, a qualified trainer should supervise all free weight
exercises, until both client and trainer are satisfied that the exercise
technique is good.
· Within the context of a back stability program, your clients should
perform all free weight exercises progressively-first using light weights,
then taking a rest period, then progressing to medium weights, another
rest period, and finally heavy weights.
· Free weight exercises as part of a stability program are not competitive;
they are intended to progressively develop your clients' abilities to perform
work against a resistance at speed. Clients should not compete with each
other to see who can lift the most weight.
Basic Free Weight Exercises
For best results, have your clients go through all the following exercises in
a single session. These exercises are appropriate for most individuals who
fulfill the preliminary requirements just described. All the movements
.
should be slow and well controlled. In the next section, I will describe
more advanced exercises for people who need a great deal of "explosive
power."
Remember that the exercises are designed to build adequate strength,
not bulk. Refer to Baechle (1994)for more detailed descriptions of the teach-
ing points for these exercises. Because free weight exercises require more
balance and coordination than do machine exercises, less weight should
be used. Prescribe about 10-12 repetitions for each exercise, using a final
weight that is comfortable for that number of reps (i.e., if the individual
can perform 20 repetitions, the weight is too light; if he/she can perform
only 5 reps, it is too heavy). For each exercise, your client should perform
2 or 3 sets of 10-12 repetitions: use a moderate weight (perhaps half the
final weight) for the first set, three-fourths the final weight for the second,
 Weight Training and Pfyometrics . 21 5

and the full weight only during the third set. In this way, the muscles gradu-
ally become accustomed to handling the weight. Your clients should rest
after each set until their breathing rates and heart rates return to normal-
never let them start a fresh set while their hearts are pounding or they are
out of breath. Explain to your more impatient clients that this type of train-
ing is designed to "encourage" strength adaptation, not to "force" it. Train-
ing should be slow and controlled rather than fast and furious.
Prescribe 2 or 3 sets for each exercise, three sessions per week, skipping
at least one day between sessions. After two weeks, they may increase the
target weight, again according to how much they can lift comfortably. Let
them follow this program-2 or 3 sets of 10-12 reps, three sessions/week-
for a period of at least 16 weeks, never increasing the weights to the point
where they feel exhausted.
Remember that exercises described for just one side should be done on
both sides, and that the instructions for the side not described are, of course,
the mirror image of the instructions given.

Lying Barbell Row

.flt1~'" To strengthen shoulder retractors and increase thoracic
spine extension (correct kyphotic posture).
Instruct your client to lie prone on
top of a gym bench, with a light bar-
bell (about 22.5-32.5 lb., or 10-15 kg)
beneath the bench. She should grip
the barbell at arm's length and lift it
until it touches the underside of the
!
bench. She may hold her elbows ei-
ther close to the sides of her chest or with arms abducted to 90°-the
narrow position places greater work on the latissimus dorsi, while the
wider grip emphasizes the posterior deltoids and scapular stabilizers.

Dumbbell Row
.fltH.. Helps correct asymmetry between the shoulder retractors
(middle and lower trapezius, serratus anterior).
You can recognize asymmetry by your client's inability to lift the same
amount of weight, or to perform the same number of repetitions, with
each arm. Have your client assume the half-kneeling position on a gym
bench, his right arm and right knee on the bench and his left leg straight
continued
216 . Back Stability

Dumbbell Row, continued

with his left foot on the ground. He should grip a
dumbbell (whatever weight feels comfortable to
him) with his left hand, then pull (lift) it toward him,
brushing the side of his body with his elbow. He
should stop the movement when the dumbbell ap-
proaches his chest. As he pulls the upper arm into
extension, the scapula is adducted; he should hold
the inner-range position for 2-3 seconds before low-
ering the weight.

Good Morning
.1'('1:.'" Works the spinal extensors statically and the hip extensors
dynamically.
This is basically a hip hinge action
(several variations are in chapter 4) per-
formed with a weight. Instruct your cli-
ent to stand with her feet just wider
than shoulder-width apart. Her knees
should be unlocked to relax the ham-
strings slightly and allow free pelvic tilt.
With a light barbell (about 22.5 lb., or
10 kg) across her shoulders, she should
tilt her pelvis anteriorly (always main-
taining the alignment of the spine to the
pelvis) so that her trunk angles forward
to 45°. Watch carefully to be sure she
does not allow her spine to flex, moving the axis of rotation from the hip
joint to the mid lumbar spine-this stresses the spine considerably and
can increase intradiscal pressure sufficiently to cause severe injury.

Squat

.1'('1:.'" Teaches correct spinal alignment and strengthens the

quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteals.
Have your client practice the correct form and movement using a light
wooden pole (e.g., broom handle) until she has perfected the technique.
The beginning weight should be 10-30% of body weight, depending on
body build-stronger clients can use the larger value. Instruct your cli-
continued
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 217

Squat, continued

ent always to use a squat rack, so she can take the bar in the standing
position. Her feet should be shoulder-width apart, toes turned out
slightly. She should step under the bar, her hips directly under her shoul-
ders, and, gripping the bar with hands slightly wider than shoulder
width, place it across the back of her shoulders (over the posterior del-
toids and trapezius). She should perform a sternal lift action and
straighten both legs to lift the bar off the rack-then take a small step
backward to clear the bar from the rack.
Throughout the movement, your client should look up and keep her
spine nearly vertical. The action is to flex hips and knees simultaneously,
keeping the weight of the bar over the center of the foot rather than the
toes. Instruct her to lower the bar under control until her thighs are par-
allel to the ground. After a momentary pause in this lower position to
assist balance (but no bounce!), she reverses her actions to lift the bar.
Watch to be sure her upward movement is controlled (no increase in
speed toward the end of the action) and her knees stay over the foot
rather than moving apart or together. Table 9.1 lists common errors as-
sociated with the squat.

Table 9.1 Common Errors When Performing a Squat

Error Technique modification
Knees come inward ("knock-kneed" Foot may be hyperpronating; con-
position). sider more supportive footwear.
Practice a knee-bend position onto a
bench in front of a mirror.
Knees stay behind feet throughout Check if dorsiflexion range is limited
movement. in the ankle, and use a wooden block
beneath the heels. Practice sitting
onto a bench, pressing the knee
forward onto the instructor's hand.
continued
218 . Back Stability
Squat, continued
Table 9.1 (continued)
Error Technique modification
Back angles too far forward. Press the knee forward, and aim to
keep the spine more vertically aligned.
Practice the basic squat motion side-
on to a mirror.
Spine flexes in thoracic region. Ensure that adequate thoracic exten-
sion range is available, and practice
the sternal lift motion in isolation.
Strengthen the shoulder retractors
and stretch the shoulder protractors
(page 161).
Anterior pelvic tilt is exaggerated Strengthen the abdominal muscles,
and lumbar lordosis increases. and check for tightness in the hip
flexors (chapter 7, pages 144-1 SO).
Practice back flattening (chapter 7,
page 149) against a wall.
Heel lifts. Ensure that the weight of the bar is
taken through the center of the foot,
not through the toes. Check for ade-
quate dorsiflexion range in the ankle,
and use a wooden block beneath the
heel.
Bar dips to one side. Practice the squat in front of a mirror,
and use a horizontal line drawn on
the mirror to line up the reflection of
the barbell.
Bouncing in the low position. Practice squatting onto a bench or
stool, lowering gradually into the
final position.

Barbell Lunge
.f{t1~,.. Helps improve spinal alignment and leg power, but with less
spinal compression than in a squat.
The start position is with the bar across the shoulders as for the squat.
Because only one leg leads the movement, less weight (less than half) is
used than in a squat-and so less spinal compression is created. Have
your client stand with feet shoulder-width apart, the feet marking the
end of an imaginary rectangle on the floor in front of him (shoulder-
width wide and twice shoulder-width long). As in the squat, he should
perform a stemallift action while maintaining spinal alignment. Instruct
him to step directly forward with the right leg (as though placing his
continued
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 219

Barbell Lunge, continued

foot along the long edge of the rectangle), then
bend his knees so that the knee of the leading
leg obscures the foot and that of the trailing
leg moves toward the ground, stopping when
it is 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) above the floor. The
side of the trailing knee should be 6-14 inches
(15-35 cm) from the inner edge of the heel of
the leading foot. To stand up again, he pushes
off the leading leg, bringing the leading foot
back to its shoulder-width start position.
The movement must not involve "falling" into the lower position
or "jumping" into the upright position. Throughout the movement,
your client should look up and forward, and the bar should remain
horizontal.

Free Weight Exercises for Explosive Power

Because of unusually heavy demands at work or in strenuous sport ac-
tivities, some individuals require a high degree of explosive strength (Le.,
movement against a resistance [the weight] performed at speed [rapid
resisted movements]).
A variety of free weight exercises can help develop explosive power in
the late stages of a sport-specific or workplace-specific back stability pro-
gram. In order to perform these exercises, your clients must have pro-
gressed through the full back stability program and have good segmental
control and spinal alignment. They should have mastered the machine
exercises and basic free weight exercises in the previous section of this
chapter. Have them rehearse all of the power movements using a wooden
pole.
Although you should still prescribe 2 or 3 sets of 10-12 reps, the first set
should be with an empty bar to be doubly sure that the technique is cor-
rect and to train the muscles in the correct movements. Your primary guide
for subsequent sets must be spinal alignment rather than the amount of weight
the client can comfortably lift. If alignment is degraded, stop the exercise
and reduce the weight, even if the client feels the resulting weight is "too
light." Remember: the aim here is rehabilitation, not competitive weight
lifting or body sculpting.

KEY POINT: For advanced free weight exercises, determine the

amount of weight not according to how much your client can
lift-rather, by how much your client can lift and still maintain
correct alignment of the spine.
220 . Back Stability
Hang Clean
.f["~,,, Stage I power training.
Have your client begin with the barbell (held with hands pronated) rest-
ing on the middle of the thighs. For this exercise you should hand the
bar to your client, who is already in the basic position illustrated by (a).
Her body should be angled forward (30-45°) at the hips, and her spine
straight. Knees and hips should be flexed, ankles dorsiflexed. The ac-
tion is divided into two phases: the upward movement and the catch. Dur-
ing the upward movement, have your client hold her trunk erect and lift
the bar explosively in a single "jump" action, extending the hips and
knees and plantarflexing the ankles, without allowing her feet to come
off the ground. Her shoulders should stay directly over the bar, and the
path of the bar should be as close to the body as possible. At the point of
maximum plantarflexion of the ankle, her shoulders will begin to shrug
to continue the upward path of the bar (b).
During the catch phase, which follows the shoulder shrug as a con-
tinuous motion, the client maintains the upward movement by flexing
her arms. The elbows drop under the bar, forcing the wrists into exten-
sion to allow the bar to rest on the now horizontal palms (c). The elbows
point directly forward, and the bar rests over the anterior aspect of the
shoulders. As the bar touches the shoulders, your client should slightly
flex her knees and hips to absorb shock and prevent a sudden jolt of the
bar as she catches it on her shoulders.
Instruct your client to lower the bar all the way to the ground, at first
simply by reversing her earlier actions-she dips beneath the bar by
bending her knees slightly, then allows her elbows to drop, with the
bar staying close to the body as it is lowered. Her knees should bend
so her body is not pulled into spinal flexion as the bar approaches the
ground.

a b
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 221

Power Clean
.I'{IJ~'. Stage" power training.
The power clean is a progression from the hang clean, with your client
now lifting the weight from the floor rather than from the thighs. The bar-
bell rests either on the floor or on two racks about 10-20 inches (25-50 cm)
high. Instruct your client to stand with feet shoulder-width apart and knees
inside the arms, feet flat and turned out slightly. It is important with this
exercise that your client wears supportive training shoes-preferably a
weight-lifting boot or high-cut cross-training shoes with broad, stable heels.
Your client should grasp the bar with hands slightly wider than shoulder-
width apart, arms straight. She should squat down so that her shins are
almost in contact with the bar, her knees over the center of her feet, her
shoulders over or slightly in front of the bar (a). A common error with this
movement is to get closer to the bar by flexing the spine, using only limited
knee and hip flexion. This markedly increases the stress on the spine and must be
avoided. The lift consists of three uninterrupted phases: (1) Instruct your cli-
ent to extend her knees and move her hips forward as she raises her shoul-
ders. Her shins should stay back (a common error with novices is to hit the
knees with the bar), always maintaining the alignment of her back. The line
of the bar's movement should be vertical, with her heels staying on the
ground and the bar passing close to her body (b). Her shoulders should stay
back, either over or slightly in front of the bar, and she should position her
head to look straight ahead or slightly up. (2) For the "scoop," she drives
her hips forward, keeping her shoulders over the bar and her elbows fully
extended. The trunk is nearly vertical at this stage (c). This movement brings
the bar to the midpoint of the thighs. (3) The exercise continues here as if it
were the hang clean, through the upward movement and catch phases of
that exercise (see illustrations for hang clean, previous page).
The action is one of continuous movement, with no significant pauses be-
tween sections. Although the bar maintains its momentum, your client should
never lose control of the movement. She should lower the bar in a vertical
path, bending her knees to prevent her spine from being pulled into flexion.
 222 . Back Stability

Dead Lift
.f{lN. To improve back and hip strength, and add power for lifting.
The exercise begins with the bar on the floor (novices may use low racks
at first, until they gain control through the full range of the exercise).
Your client should stand with feet flat on the floor (heels must not lift)
and shoulder-width apart, knees inside the arms, gripping the bar with
hands pronated and slightly wider than shoulder-width apart, elbows
pointing out to the sides. (Some athletes use an alternate grip, with one
forearm pronated and the other supinated, i.e., knuckles down. If your
client finds this grip more comfortable, by all means let him use it-
only suggest that he alternate which hand is pronated and which supi-
nated.) Have him position the bar over the balls of his feet, almost touch-
ing the shins, with his shoulders over or slightly ahead of the bar and
his spine aligned in its neutral position (a).
The movement begins by extending the knees and driving the hips
forward. At the same time, your client raises his shoulders so that the
alignment of his back remains unchanged. The path of the bar is initially
vertical, and it is held close to the body at all times (b). The elbows must
not bend, as that will cause a loss of power, and the shoulders should
stay over or slightly in front of the bar. The head should be placed so that
your client looks forward. Feet should remain flat. As the knees approach
full extension, the back begins to move on the hip, maintaining spinal
alignment (c). Have your client lower the bar with a squat motion, still
maintaining the spine erect, keeping the bar close to the shins.

USING PLYOMETRICS TO TRAIN

FOR POWER AND SPEED
For most recreational athletes, almost any kind of training with more rapid
movements (such as those in the free weight exercises) will suffice to im-
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 223

prove speed. For clients who participate in higher levels of sports compe-
tition, however, or who simply want greater fitness gains than they have
obtained after mastering everything in this book through chapter 8, pro-
ceed to the following plyometric exercises. These exercises can boost both
reaction time and response time to high levels.
There is no simplistic formula to help you decide, in consultation with
your clients, whether they should do the exercises in this section in addi-
tion to the weight-training work just described, or instead of the weight-
training exercises. Together, you must weigh your clients' precise needs
and goals. The main considerations will probably center around your cli-
ents' needs either for especially quick, strong reactions (e.g., hockey goal-
ies or rodeo athletes), or for simple strength that must be explosive, but
not necessarily blinding in its speed (e.g., football players or iron work-
ers). If your client has the time and inclination, prescribe both kinds of
exercise; if he has neither, but still wants to do more advanced work, choose
either the weight training or the plyometrics.
In order for you to understand the physiology behind the exercises, I need
to present a bit of theoretical background. First, a few definitions: Power is
the rate at which work is performed (work/time). Within the context of sports,
Kent (1994) defined power as the ability to transform physical energy into
force at a fast rate. Speed is simply the rate of movement. Reaction time is
the time from the presentation of a stimulus to the initiation of a response. In
terms of muscle work for stabilization, muscle reaction time is the time be-
tween the onset of a passive movement that disrupts stability and the initia-
tion of muscle contraction to restabilize the joint. Response time combines
both reaction time and movement time, the latter dependent on a variety of
factors such as energy availability, nerve conduction, and actin/ myosin cou-
pling. Good muscle reactiontime is vital to improving joint stability. Following
ligamentous injury, for example, it is the reaction time of the supporting
peroneus muscles that is the deciding factor for the return of full function-
not just the strength of the muscles (Freeman et al. 1965; Konradsen and
Ravn 1990). And following knee injury, the important factor for rehabilita-
tion is the reaction time of the hamstring muscles to resist anterior displace-
ment of the tibia-not the strength of those muscles (Beard et al. 1994).
The stretch-shorten cycle is important for anyone who trains for power
and speed. Normally, the muscle supplies force through purely chemical
means as actin and myosin filaments bond to cause the muscle to shorten.
When an eccentric contraction (controlled lengthening) precedes a con-
centric action, however, force increases dramatically. Observe how a bat-
ter always swings his arms back immediately before swinging at a base-
ball. Or compare a squat jump (jumping from a static squatting position)
with a countermovement jump (standing, dropping into a squat position,
and then jumping). The height gained with the latter is greater than that
from the former. Enoka (1988) measured average heights of 32.4 cm for
224 . Back Stability

squat jumps, but 36.4 cm for countermovement jumps-more than 12%

greater. The increased height comes from two sources: release of stored
elastic energy, and additional chemical energy through a preload effect.

KEY POINT: In a countermovement, the extra energy gained

relative to a standard movement comes from the release of
stored elastic energy within the muscle, and from the preload
effect.

Elastic energy results from passive stretching of the elastic components

of the muscle. The muscle membranes (endomysium, epimysium, etc.)
are noncontractile, but they are elastic and will recoil when released from
a stretch, as will muscle tendons. The combined recoil of membranes and
tendons provides a significant amount of energy.
It takes time for actin and myosin coupling to occur. Chemical energy
increases in a countermovement because, when the muscle is contracted
eccentrically before it is contracted concentrically, the additional time per-
mits more coupling-which leads to release of more chemical energy. Pro-
viding extra time to allow chemical reactions to occur creates the preload
effect. Think of elastic energy as the muscle's springing back or recoiling
like an elastic band-it is passive, and physical; whereas preload is like
giving the muscle a running start on the chemical processes that lead to
earlier contraction-it is active, and chemical.
Three factors are important to energy release during concentric-eccen-
tric coupling (Enoka 1988):
1. Time. If there is a delay between stretching the muscle and
concentric contraction, some of the stored energy is dissipated.
During the delay, actin and myosin filaments become detached
and reattach farther along the muscle fiber under less stretch.
2. Magnitude. If the stretch magnitude is too great, fewer
crossbridges are able to remain attached, and less elastic energy is
available.
3. Velocity. A more rapid stretch (greater velocity) creates more
elastic energy.
To create maximum power with concentric-eccentric coupling, an indi-
vidual must be warmed up; and a rapid eccentric movement must be fol-
lowed immediately by a rapid concentric movement with no rest between
the two phases. Any standard exercise can be performed in this way, and
the exercises created are known as plyometrics. Yet not all exercises should
be included in a plyometric workout since leverage forces and momen-
tum acting on the spine can be dangerous: beware especially of rapid end-
range motion on the spine and long lever movements.
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 225

Before You Start

Before progressing to the following plyometric exercises, your clients must

· demonstrate good basic stability-able to perform the heel slide

exercise (chapter 8, page 170) 10 times, and in general to perform
adequately the exercises in chapter 4;
· demonstrate good power and control in the trunk-able to perform
gym ball exercises, including the superman (chapter 8, page 190) and
bridge (chapter 8, page 191); and
· have good overall general fitness-demonstrated by regular, moderate-
to-intense exercise over the previous six to eight weeks. The exercise
intensity should have been sufficient to raise the heart rate above 100
beats per minute. Each exercise session should have lasted for a
minimum of 20 continuous minutes, with three periods of exercise
per week.

Plyometric Exercises
A number of exercises are useful. Be certain that your clients are super-
vised during all of them until both subjects and trainers are satisfied that
your clients have learned the proper technique. Have your clients per-
form each exercise (for both right and left sides if it is asymmetrical) a
maximum of 20 times per session, stopping earlier if they lose alignment
or abdominal hollowing. They should try from one to three sessions per
week for at least eight weeks, gradually increasing the speed of their move-
ments as they are able. After the eight-week period, your clients may stop
using plyometrics unless they are competitive athletes who require ex-
plosive strength to aid performance-in which case their strength coaches
should prescribe the advanced plyometric exercises, tailoring them to the
athletes' particular sports or events.

Plyometric Side Bend Using a Punching Bag

.1'111.-'. Develops power and speed of the trunk side flexors while
maintaining back stability.
Instruct your client to stand with his left side toward a punching bag, feet
shoulder-width apart, with his left arm abducted to 90°. He should flex
his trunk to the left and push (not hit) the bag with his straight left arm. As
the bag swings back, he takes its weight with his straight arm, then side
flexes to the right to decelerate the swing of the bag (stopping short of full
range!). The left side flexion begins the motion again. The action is re-
versed with the subject standing with his right side toward the bag.
226 . Back Stability
Plyometric Flexion
and Extension Using a Punching Bag
.1'{11~'" Develops power and speed in the trunk flexors and
extensors while maintaining back stability.
Have your client stand facing the punch-
ing bag, then push the bag with one or
both hands. He should follow the move-
ment through, using trunk flexion only, to
45°. He remains in this flexed position,
and, as the bag swings back, he takes the
bag with his arms straight (but unlocked)
and flexes the arms, extending his trunk
minimally and transferring his body
weight to his back foot to cushion the
momentum of the moving bag.

Twist and Throw With Medicine Ball

.l'{lm.. Develops power and speed of the trunk rotators while
maintaining back stability.
Your client should stand in an aligned
posture, with stabilized trunk and mini-
mal abdominal hollowing. A training
partner, facing in the same direction as
your client, stands about three feet to her
right, holding a medicine ball. While
your client rotates her trunk to the right,
her partner throws the medicine ball to
her. As she catches the ball, she should rotate to the left, prestretching the
oblique abdominals. She stops the movement short of full range, rotates
back to the right, and throws the ball back to her partner.

Medicine Ball Trunk Curl

.I'{IH.. Develops power and speed in the trunk flexors while main-
taining back stability.
This exercise is a modification of the trunk curl (chapter 6, page 126).
Instruct both your client and his training partner to lie on a mat with
continued
 Weight Training and Plyometrics . 227

Medicine Ball Trunk Curl, continued

their knees bent (crook lying),
such that their ankles are al-
most touching. They should
then raise their trunks (without
significantly moving their legs)
to a stable upright position. The
training partner throws a medi-
cine ball to your client, who catches it while in the upright position,
holding it close to his chest, but then moves back into the lower trunk
curl position. He should stop the movement short of full range (his back
should not touch the ground), then "bounce" back with a concentric
trunk curl and throw the ball back to his partner. Increase the range of
the curling action by having your client lie over a cushion-this allows
the trunk to move into extension before moving into flexion. Be sure
that movement stops short of full range in each direction in order to re-
duce joint loading.

Leg Raise Throw

.1'(.1.'1. To develop power and speed in the lower abdominals.
Make sure your client can easily
perform the wall bar hanging leg
raise (page 129) before attempt-
ing this movement. Your client
should hang from a gymnasium
beam with a ball beneath him.
Instruct him to grip the ball be- ,,
tween both feet, then flex his
hips and spine to throw the ball
forward to a waiting partner.
The partner places the ball back between your client's feet while the
hips are still flexed to 90°. Your client then lowers his legs to prestretch
the lower abdominals before repeating the movement.

SUMMARY
· It is imperative that individuals be able to consistently hollow their
abdomens, contract their multifidus muscles at will, and maintain
neutral position before they attempt these exercises.
228 . Back Stability

· After (and only after) your client has attained basic back stability using
exercises presented earlier in this book, he/she can progress to using
(1) machine exercises and/ or (2) plyometric exercises, each of which
can further stabilize the back and help prevent future injury.
· Basic free weight exercises are useful for people whose jobs or sport
activities demand greater back stability than that created by the earlier
exercises.
· Advanced free weight exercises are appropriate for those whose jobs
or sport activities are extremely demanding and require "explosive
strength."
· Plyometric exercises are particularly useful for individuals who need
veryfast reaction times along with strength in their movements.
· Because the material in this chapter is specifically designed for
individuals with a history of low back pain, the exercises may differ
from those you might prescribe for other individuals.
 PART

ITW
Putting It
All Together
Although chapters 1 through 9 provide everything you really need to
know in order to prescribe a very effective back stability program for vir-
tually any client, I have summarized some ideas in chapter 10 ("Building
a Back Stability Program for Your Client") that should help you synthe-
size the theoretical and practical material more easily. In chapter 10, you'll
learn more about how to deal with pain since you generally will need to
take care of that before even attempting to prescribe exercises. And I pro-
vide general tips about how to decide which exercises to prescribe for
whom. Possibly the most helpful part of this chapter is the four case histo-
ries, which help you understand how to deal with four different kinds of
client, from your first meeting until you discharge them.
Chapter 11, "Preventing Back Injuries and Reinjuries," advocates a more
proactive approach to dealing with your clients' daily activities. It is very
common for people to reinjure themselves by lifting objects they had no
business lifting, or by lifting them in the wrong way. Some therapists merely
hand clients a pamphlet that describes proper lifting procedures, but most
clients do not take written material alone very seriously. Chapter 11shows
you how to teach your clients to avoid reinjury, with the suggestion that
you actually do a bit of role-playing in order to help your clients internal-
ize the theoretical principles.

229
 1l((D
Building a Back Stabili!I
Prog!am for Your Client

We have corne full circle from the preface and seen how the three com-
ponents of muscle imbalance-correction of segmental control, shorten-
ing and strengthening lax muscles, and lengthening tight muscles--com-
bine to produce back stability. Although there is a great deal of highly
varied material in previous chapters, you should nevertheless find it rather
easy to tailor a unique back stability program to each client, taking these
three components into account as they are needed for each individual. It
is largely a question of (1) assessing where the problems lie and (2) pre-
scribing appropriate exercises to correct the problems. Yet before you even
think about a back stability program for a given individual, make sure
that you should be treating the individual in the first place.

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF YOUR CLIENT

Especially for individuals who have experienced serious cardiovascular
illness, you must decide whether exercise is appropriate at all. It is rare,
but occasionally you may see someone whose general health is in such a
state that the slightest additional stress could be catastrophic. If you have
any doubts about an individual, be sure to have him or her obtain clear-
ance through a medical doctor before proceeding with therapy. Note also
that, although a back stability program is generally suitable for even the
very unfit, it is contraindicated in some cases where people are not able to
practice it correctly. If hypertensive individuals cannot be taught to hol-
low without holding their breath, for example, then hollowing is clearly
contraindicated. And advanced exercises using weights are contraindi-
cated in cases of reduced bone density.

Pain
If clients are in pain when they first corne to you, manage the pain before
proceeding with any muscle training. If you are qualified to treat the pain,
231
232 . Back Stability

then apply whatever treatments you deem appropriate. If you are not
qualified, refer clients to someone who is and work jointly with that thera-
pist. Pain can inhibit muscle contraction and can affect alignment by
making people take up positions that are less painful, but that reinforce
poor alignment. It is certainly true that back stability exercise can lead to
significant pain relief (e.g., multifidus training can release back spasms),
but such activities work best when used as an adjunct to pain-relieving
treatments.
Where pain is extreme, elimination of the pain may become the pri-
mary aim of treatment. Pain that occurs through muscle spasm, or
through trigger points in tight muscles, may be relieved by treatments
that reduce muscle tone-various physical therapy treatments, manual
therapy, and/or stretching. See Norris (1999) for details of these types
of treatment.
Where pain is the result of persistent overstress on a hypermobile seg-
ment, focus initial treatments on segmental control and stability. You may
have to create stability passively at first (through taping or splinting),
until your client has gained sufficient control of the muscular stabilizing
system.

Diagnostic Triage
Diagnostic triage categorizes low back pain into three types: simple back
ache; nerve root pain (the nerve root is the "T" junction of the nerve as it
joins to the spinal cord-pain from this area indicates compression of the
nerve by a spinal disc or other structure); or possibly serious pathology
requiring referral to a specialist (Waddell et al. 1997). See "Diagnostic
Triage," page 233. I do not generally recommend referral to a specialist
for simple back ache, and clients with nerve root compression do not
usually require referral if their pain resolves within four weeks of its on-
set. Clients with possibly serious pathology require prompt referral, while
those with likely cauda equina syndrome (involving a group of fine nerves
at the base of the spinal cord) require immediate referral. For individuals
with simple back ache or nerve root compression, you generally can be-
gin back stability exercises immediately (with or without other physical
therapy treatment). Those with serious pathology, however, may require
surgical intervention before you begin back stability exercise, but please
note the discussion in chapter 1, page 6, concerning the appropriateness
of surgery on low back pain. Back stability exercise is a necessity as fol-
low-up therapy for those with a previous history of back pain but no
current pain, and as a preventive therapy for clients with no history of
back pain (table 10.1).
Diagnostic Triage
Diagnostic triage is the differential diagnosis between
1. Simple back pain (nonspecific low back pain-Le., pain with no specific
cause)
2. Nerve root compression
3. Possibly serious spinal pathology (such as bone damage, infection,
carcinoma, or pain traveling/referred from the abdomen or gastro/
urinary systems)
1. Simple back ache: specialist referral not required
Patient aged 20-55 years
Pain restricted to lumbosacral region, buttocks, or thighs
Pain is "mechanical" (Le., pain changes with and can be relieved by move-
ment)
Patient otherwise in good health (no temperature, nausea/dizziness, weight
loss, etc.)
2. Nerve root pain: specialist referral not generally required within
first four weeks, if the pain is resolving
Unilateral (one side of the body) leg pain that is worse than low back pain
Pain radiates into the foot or toes
Numbness and paresthesia (altered feeling) in the same area as pain
Localized neurological signs (such as reduced tendon jerk and positive
nerve tests)
3. Red flags (caution) for possibly serious spinal pathology: refer
promptly to specialist
Patient under 20 or over 55 years of age
Nonmechanical pain (Le., pain does not improve with movement)
Thoracic pain
Past history of carcinoma, steroid drugs, or HIV
Patient unwell or has lost weight
Widespread neurological signs
Obvious structural deformity (such as bone displacement after an accident,
or a lump which has appeared recently)
Sphincter disturbance (unable to pass water or incontinent)
Gait disturbance (unable to walk correctly)
Saddle anesthesia (no feeling in crotch area between the legs)
Cauda equina syndrome (refer to specialist immediately-i.e., same da0
If in doubt, always refer the patient to an orthopedic physical therapist.
Adapted, by permission, from G. Waddell, G. Feder, and M. Lewis, 1997, "Systematic
reviews of bed rest and advice to stay active for acute low back pain:' British
Journal of General Practice 47: 647-652.

233
234 . Back Stability

Table 10.1 Use of Back Stability Exercises

Type of back pain Back stability exercise
Simple Begin immediately; continue until
fully functional.
Nerve root compression Begin as pain allows; refer to special-
ist if no marked progress within four
weeks.
Serious pathology Use back stability exercise after
surgical/medical intervention.
Previous back pain now resolved Use back stability exercise to restore
full function.
No history of back pain Use back stability exercise to reduce
risk of developing back pain.

Reprinted, by permission, from G. Waddell, G. Feder, and M. Lewis, 1997, "System-

atic reviews of bed rest and advice to stay active for acute low back pain," British
journal of General Practice 47: 647-652.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR DESIGNING

A STABILITY PROGRAM
There are a few basic principles that apply in every situation:

· If you are not trained to properly diagnose back ailments, proceed no

further until you've referred your client to a trained therapist-then
work as closely with that therapist as you can, prescribing exercises

. appropriate to the therapist's diagnoses.

Remember the general principle that bed rest is counterproductive
chapter 1). Except in unusual circumstances, get your clients up and
(see

performing controlled activities as quickly as possible after an injury.

· Start back stability work as soon as possible after you have determined
that such a program is appropriate for an individual. The longer people
are unstable, the more likely they are to develop compensatory postures
that will need to be retrained.
· Always pay close attention to pain-it can be a very reliable guide. In
a careful series of assessments, it can tell you where the problems lie;
throughout an individual's program, it can tell you when to stop a
given exercise.
· Remember the principle of specificity: prescribe
specific problems/goals. This is why careful assessment is so
specific activities for

important. Many therapists have a one-size-fits-all program. I have

heard about many unhappy individuals, especially in the United States,
who have visited physicians because of back pain-and the way the
 Building a Back Stability Program for Your Client. 235

doctor "treated" them was to hand them a "back care pamphlet" and
instruct them to do all the exercises in it! After reading part I of this
book, you know that you must deal with each individual according to

.his or her precise symptoms.

Remember the principle of overload: if the overload is not great enough,
there will be no training effect; your client will merely be engaging in
physical activity rather than training. Too great an overload, however,
will break down tissue; and since the body cannot adapt sufficiently
to match the imposed stress, overuse injury results. Carefully following
the exercise programs presented in this book will enable you to achieve
a training effect with your clients and to avoid overtraining injuries-
a particular danger with those who have experienced low back pain
or back injury.
Be sure that you always have a clear vision of your goal for each indi-
vidual, and of the best path to reach that goal. That path should consider
all systems-muscle tightness/laxness, posture, strength, flexibility,reac-
tion speed, skill, and even emotional factors. Be careful that you do not
fall into the common trap of overemphasizing a single aspect of fitness or
rehabilitation. This is especially easy to do when strong-willed, generally
knowledgeable clients make it clear that they have a certain problem and
they want it fixed in a certain way ("I hurt my back at work, and I need to
do some weight training so I can lift boxes again. . ."). Working one system
in isolation can do more harm than good. Excessive flexibility in relation to
strength, for example, may lead to instability of a joint. Individuals with
increased strength, but without parallel improvement in muscle reaction
speed, may be unable to use their extra strength in functional situations
(Konradsen and Ravn 1990). Increases in either strength or flexibility that
fail to improve skill may make injury more likely (Tropp et al. 1993).

PARALLEL TRACKS IN DESIGNING

A STABILITY PROGRAM
Because the body is a complex unit of closely interconnecting systems,
any approach to treatment must be holistic, even if it targets a single sys-
tem. In training clients for back stability, we constantly intertwine our
focuses on correcting segmental control, shortening and strengthening lax
muscles, and lengthening tight muscles. The order in which you use these
exercises, of course, will depend on your clients' symptoms. You ideally
want to pay attention to all these areas at all times. When time constraints
require that you teach only one or two exercises, stretches, etc., at a time,
simply focus first on the most problematic area. In the accompanying case
histories, note how I generally started with just one or two exercises, aim-
ing to solve the most acute problem first.
236 . Back Stability

The following sections provide suggestions for parallel exerciseprogres-

sions. Don't (for example) just look at basic stability, proceed to correct it,
and finally go on to other items only after your client can do a great hip
hinge. Assess basic stability, deep abdominal control, muscle imbalance,
and posture when you first see a client. At first, you may need to deal only
with the most glaring deficiency, as the case histories illustrate. By your
third or fourth treatment session, you generally will want to prescribe
appropriate measures to correcteachdeficiency at the same time, working on
each "track" during each session, and prescribing home exercises for each
area. This is not as time consuming as it sounds, as many of the exercises
in this book address several aims at the same time.

Assess Back Stability

Your first task upon seeing a new client is to learn how stable her back
is-and, to the degree it is not stable, to determine wherein lies the insta-
bility and to begin creating stability through appropriate activities de-
scribed in chapter 4. Almost all prescriptive journeys begin in chapter 4. Your
clients should not advance to actual strengthening or even stretching ex-
ercises until they have mastered the movements in that chapter.
The best way to begin assessment is with the heel slide (page 170): if the
pelvis tilts, your client has an unstable back and you should begin by teach-
ing her abdominal hollowing (chapter 4, page 83). If her pelvis does not
move during the heel slide, indicating a degree of stability, begin by teach-
ing your client to control pelvic tilt (chapter 4, page 74) and to assume/
maintain the neutral position (chapter 4, page 78), without ignoring ab-
dominal hollowing, of course. She should progress through pelvic tilt ac-
tions, to supported hip hinge exercises, and finally to free hip hinge exer-
cises (all in chapter 4).
Once your client demonstrates adequate segmental control by being able
to independently control her pelvis and spine, let her progress to the good
morning exercise, first without and finally with light barbell weights (chap-
ter 9, page 216).

Assess the Degree of Deep Abdominal Control

Can your client perform abdominal hollowing in the prone kneeling posi-
tion? If not, follow the instructions under "Teaching Your Clients to Use
Abdominal Hollowing" in chapter 4 (page 81), especially the subsection
on teaching tips (page 86). Once he has mastered abdominal hollowing in
all positions, help him gradually build up his strength and endurance till
he can perform the movement for 10 reps, 10 seconds each, in the kneel-
ing position. For more advanced abdominal control, he can progress to
limb-loading exercises in chapter 8--€specially the heel slide (page 170)
and leg lowering (page 170).
 Building a Back Stability Program for Your Client. 237

Assess Muscle Imbalance

For each client, go through all the assessments in chapter 5 under" Assess-
ing Stretched Muscles" (page 103) and under" Assessing Shortened
Muscles" (page 106).Then proceed to correct whatever deficiency you find.
For stretched or weakened abdominal muscles, for example, prescribe ap-
propriate exercises (look at the "goal" statements) from chapter 6 under
"Modifications of Traditional Abdominal Exercises" (page 124) and" Ab
Roller Exercises" (page 130). For tightened muscles, refer to "Stretching
Target Muscles" in chapter 5 (page 113). If clients have both tight muscles
and an unstable back, I suggest that you begin with stretching exercises-
your clients first must learn tofind the neutral position before they take the
second step in doing exercises to help them maintain neutral position.
Some clients, especially the elderly, will have chronic muscle tightness
that is virtually impossible to cure completely. Yetyou are unlikely to meet
someone whom you can't help at all-€ven if you cannot help people
achieve optimal posture, you probably can help them move more freely,
increase their range of motion, and experience less discomfort.

Assess Posture
Assessing posture goes hand-in-hand with checking muscle balance and
can often give the first indication of which muscles may need to be tested
for imbalance. Select the procedures under "Basic Postural Assessment"
(chapter 7, page 136) that you find most useful given your availability of
equipment, and thoroughly assess your client's posture. If you suspect a
muscle is lengthened, test its inner-range holding ability (e.g., test the
gluteals for lordotic posture); if you think it is tight, use specific tests of
muscle length (e.g., for lordotic posture use the Thomas test for tight hip
flexors). Then train the muscle accordingly, using inner-range holding for
lengthened muscles and static or PNF stretching for tight muscles. See
"Principles of Postural Correction" (page 143) and "Posture Types and
How to Correct Them" (page 145).

DESIGNING AN ADVANCED STABILITY PROGRAM

After clients have achieved basic back stability, they may wish to press on
with more intense work because of heavy physical demands from work
or from athletic activities. Chapters 8 and 9 are for such individuals.

In General, Be Specific
The single most important concept is to determine, in close consultation
with clients, precisely what their needs/ goals are. Does she have to lift 50-
pound grain bags all day at work? Is he a tennis player whose body is
238 . Back Stability

constantly twisted and exposed to very rapid loads? Is your client a door-
man who spends eight hours each day standing up and moving relatively
little? Is she a caregiver who must bend over and lift bedridden patients
many times a day? Every individual's specific needs will call for specific
exercises to strengthen, stretch, increase reaction speed, increase accuracy
of movement, or whatever. And there is no way I can suggest sequences
of exercises to cover all possibilities.
That is why each exercise is preceded by a "goal" statement. Once you
have determined specific goals for a client, select the exercises in chapters
8 and 9 that match those goals. Choosing the exercises is relatively straight-
forward. Where you must be very careful is in your exercise prescriptions.
I have provided basic guidelines for the exercises in each chapter, either
with introductory remarks or with the exercises themselves. But these are
no more than guidelines. Carefully monitor your clients as they first per-
form any exercise, not only to be sure they are performing the exercises
correctly, but also to be sure they are performing enough reps and using suffi-
cient load to challenge their muscles, but not to excessively load them.

Tips for Designing Weight-Training Programs

In addition to the rather specific instructions I provide for the weight-
training exercises, here are a few more strategies you can use to guide
your prescriptions of exercises.
The order in which weight-training exercises are performed in a single
exercise session is important. In general, have your clients work large
muscle groups first with multijoint exercises, and smaller groups second
using isolation movements. A multijoint exercise is one that works a num-
ber of muscles, including those with a large muscle mass. For example,
the bench press works the pectoral muscles and the triceps. Because the
triceps are far smaller than the pectorals, they fatigue first and so are the
limiting factor in the exercise. If the triceps are worked first, fewer bench
press movements are possible and the pectoral muscles will not be suffi-
ciently challenged.
Another method of combining exercises is to use a superset (i.e., to work
the muscles on one side of a limb, and then immediately [without a rest]
work those on the opposing side). This type of training keeps the blood
within a body part, while the individual muscles themselves have some
rest. A typical superset routine would involve biceps-triceps-biceps.
One way to provide maximum challenge to muscles is to use pyramid
training. Have your client perform 12 repetitions with an average weight
for the first set, 10 reps with a heavier weight for the second set, and
finally 8 reps with the heaviest weight he can manage for the final set. In
this way, the muscle is worked maximally, but only when it is thoroughly
warmed up. See Norris (1995b) for further details of weight-training
programs.
 Building a Back Stability Program for Your Client. 239

CASE HISTORY
The Overweight Client
A 42-year-old man with a history of persistent back pain, AH worked on a
production line. He was about 56 pounds overweight, with marked lordo-
tic posture. The goal of my treatment was first to reduce pain and then to
restore postural balance. In the first treatment session, I instructed AH to
perform supine lying lumbar flexion, bringing the knees to the chest with
overpressure to encourage flexion of the lumbar spine. The principle here
was that AH's lordotic posture was placing an excessive extension stress
on his low back. The flexion exercise that I used was designed to neutralize
this. With repetition (15-25 reps), his low back pain eased. I showed him
how to get onto and off the floor without bending and advised him to prac-
tice this exercise every two hours of the waking day for two days. I gave
AH general advice concerning back care and resting, used standard physi-
cal therapy modalities to reduce local pain, and referred him to a dietician
to begin a weight-loss program.
By the second treatment session two days later, AH's pain was markedly
reduced. I started him on a general aerobic exercise session with his back
supported-he used static cycling (seat and handlebar adjusted to mini-
mize back str~ss) and a ski trainer to perform heart-rate-controlled exercise
for 15-20 minutes every other day.
At the second session, I also started AH on stability training, beginning
with abdominal hollowing in the 4-point kneeling position and using a
webbing belt around his abdomen. Since AH was unable to perform ab-
dominal hollowing correctly, I provided a surface EMG unit to give feed-
back. It took 40 minutes to re-educate deep abdominal contraction using
surface EMG, palpation, and voice encouragement. But since AH was still
unable to perform the exercise unaided, I did not yet prescribe abdominal
hollowing as a home exercise. AH continued with his back care and aerobic
training for two more days.
During his third treatment session, AH was able to perform abdominal
hollowing with a 5- to 7-second hold for 3 repetitions. We had to work hard
to help him refrain from holding his breath-I encouraged him to count
out loud as he performed abdominal hollowing, to show that he was breath-
ing normally.
AH progressed in hollowing his abdomen but found it difficult to con-
trol the neutral position of his spine without my feedback. I taught him
abdominal hollowing in wall-support standing to allow him to practice
at home without having to think about his spine. He used a belt, focusing
on pulling his abdomina Is in and up from the belt. He particularly liked
this exercise, as it began to give his abdominal wall a flatter appearance--
and, combined with weight loss, AH's physical appearance began to be
leaner.
continued
I'
240 . Back Stability

Case History, continued

We repeatedly set goals: goals for weight loss, numbers of repetitions
performed, holding time of exercises, and heart-rate-monitored exercise.
AH's low back pain had now gone, and he progressed from abdominal
hollowing in standing to standing posterior pelvic tilt. Since his cardiopul-
monary fitness (measured as heart-rate recovery) had improved with a de-
cline in percent body fat (38% to 30%), I had him increase his aerobic activ-
ity. He still used nonweightbearing or partial weightbearing activities in
the gymnasium to reduce joint loading, but now he began walking (on
I grass/gravel with shock absorbing sports shoes) for 15-20 minutes daily.
In an attempt to shorten AH's rectus abdominis, to his standing poste-
rior pelvic tilt I added posterior tilt in the lying position, held for 20-30
seconds (breathing normally). AH had short hip flexors and hamstrings,
and he stretched them using the half-kneeling hip flexor stretch and active
knee extension. AH built up his stability work with kneeling activities (knee
raise, 10 repetitions on each leg, holding for 10 seconds) and began hollow-
ing his abdomen regularly during his walking.
I discharged AH from physical therapy to a personal trainer at a local
gymnasium, where he incorporated stability work into a general fitness
and weight-loss program.
Points to Note
V' AH had mechanical back pain brought on by his lordotic posture.
V' Posture correction began with weight loss.
V' Because AH was initially unable to perform correct abdominal hollow-
ing, I did not give this as a home exercise.
V' Surface EMG proved useful in initially teaching abdominal hollowing.
V' We repeatedly used goal setting.
V' Since AH liked the standing abdominal hollowing exercise, I used it
intensely.
V' AH used aerobic training to aid general fitness as well as specific back
stability.
V' The back stability program formed a focus for more general lifestyle
changes.
V' When discharged from physical therapy care, AH continued the back
stability program in another setting.

CASE HISTORY
Poor Stability in an Athlete
Twenty-six-year-old HC trains daily in a gymnasium, using either weight-
training apparatus (40 minutes) plus cardiopulmonary apparatus (20 min-
continued
 Building a Back Stability Program for Your Client. 241

Case History, continued

utes), or step aerobics (60 minutes). One day she complained of low back
pain the morning after training. X-ray examination of the low back and
pelvic joints showed no abnormality, and blood tests were normal. She was
referred to me for physical therapy three months after the onset of pain.
Her lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints were unremarkable upon examina-
tion, but repeated lumbar extension-especially anterior pelvic tilt-caused
pain.
Kinesiological examination (movement analysis) showed poor lumbar
stability with overhead movements and with hip extension actions in stand-
ing. HC stated that two exercises in particular gave rise to her pain follow-
ing workouts: standing hip extension on a "multihip" unit that targets the
gluteals and repeated overhead pressing actions in standing with an aero-
bics bar. Examination of these moves showed that her pelvis moved rapidly
into anterior tilt and remained in that position throughout the exercises.
In assessing He's abdominal musculature, I found high tone in the su-
perficial abdomina Is, with marked muscular definition of the rectus
abdominis (the "six pack"). Yet she performed poorly on stability tests, be-
ing unable to perform abdominal hollowing in 4-point kneeling while main-
taining a neutral lumbar spine. In the heel slide action monitored by a pres-
sure biofeedback unit, HC was unable to perform more than 3 repetitions
before her pelvis tilted anteriorly. In 4-point kneeling, leg lifting actions
caused marked muscle quivering, demonstrating poor performance.
He's gross segmental control was also poor-she was unable to perform
a controlled hip hinge action. She moved not into spinal flexion (like most
people) but into extension, anteriorly tilting her pelvis and hyperextending
her lumbar spine.
In her first treatment session, I had her perform supine knee and hip
flexion, to press the lumbar spine into flexion. I told her to do these move-
ments at the end of each workout period. I temporarily removed the over-
head press and hip extension exercises from her gym program. Following
her first two workout periods after the first session, HC noted reduced pain
in the mornings.
I used video feedback to show HC her performance in the hip extension
and overhead exercises. She was surprised, having been unaware of her
lack of alignment. I had HC try to perform abdominal hollowing in 4-point
kneeling, and she was able to perform the exercise within 2-3 minutes of
being shown the movement. She then used abdominal hollowing in wall-
support standing, progressing to free standing after 2 sets of 10 repetitions.
She used abdominal hollowing in free standing and free (stool) sitting dur-
ing her gym workouts, performing a single set with a 3D-second hold, breath-
ing normally.
HC progressed quickly (within two weeks) to supine lying heel slide and
finally to supine lying foot drop (2 sets, 10 reps, 3D-second hold). I pre-
scribed 4-point kneeling knee movements to improve stability control.
continued
242 . Back Stability

Case History, continued

By the third treatment session (10 days after beginning treatment), not-
ing that HC was able to perform abdominal hollowing for 10 reps, holding
each for 30 seconds, I prescribed the hip hinge action. Initially I had her use
controlled pelvic tilt in crook lying. In that same session, she progressed to
pelvic tilt in wall-support standing, and finally in free standing. She per-
formed the hip hinge with a stick held along the length of the spine to give
feedback about spinal position. Initially she performed the exercise next to
a mirror, then without a mirror, then without a stick, and finally with her
eyes closed (to overload proprioception). HC had mastered the hip hinge
action by her fourth treatment session-at which point I had her perform
overhead pressing actions with a stick, and perform hip extensions on the
multihip unit with minimal weight. Her goal was to maintain abdominal
hollowing and a neutral lumbar alignment throughout the exercise.
I incorporated stability principles of abdominal hollowing (30% max con-
traction) and neutral lumbar alignment into all of He's exercise activities.

PoiniS to' Note

V' HC had excellent cosmetic appearance of her abdominal region (super-
ficial abdominals), but poor deep abdominal control.
V' She was unable to maintain neutral lumbar alignment, even though
she had high muscle tone.
V' I used extensive movement analysis and made a point of observing the
exercises that HC practiced in her gym.
V' She had poor segmental control, moving into extension rather than flex-
ion as is more common.
V' Video feedback permitted HC to see her alignment. Mirrors and the
use of a stick increased feedback.
V' HC was a regular exerciser and had good body visualization. She was
able to pick up new exercise techniques very quickly.
V' Deep abdominal training and segmental control (hip hinge action)
formed the basis of her program.
V' I waited until after HC was pain free to begin the basic stability pro-
gram.

CASE HISTORY
Acute Pain
DB, 34 years old, came to me with acute simple low back pain that was
localized to the lower lumbar region and minimally referred into the right
buttock. The pain was mechanical in nature, made worse by lumbar flexion
continued
 Building a Back Stability Program for Your Client. 243

Case History. continued

and better by lumbar extension. Initially I treated the pain, using physical
therapy and lumbar manipulation. Then I had her begin multifidus con-
tractions in left side lying, while I palpated the right multifidus and en-
couraged her to attempt to "swell" the muscle beneath my fingers. Although
unable to perform this action at first, by the end of the second treatment
session she was minimally able to contract the multifidus. I had her per-
form rhythmic stabilizations in left side lying-I placed pressure over her
pelvis and shoulder to encourage spinal rotation and instructed DB to re-
sist this motion with slight muscle contraction. As contraction built in in-
tensity, I changed my hand position to resist spinal rotation in the oppo-
site direction. The combination of rhythmic stabilization and isolated mul-
tifidus contractions gave substantial pain relief, with pain reducing from 8
to 3 on a subjective scale (10 = most intense pain, 1 = least intense).
In the second treatment session, I introduced abdominal hollowing. As
DB lay prone, I instructed her to draw her abdomen in, in an attempt to
pull her tummy away from the surface of the treatment table. Since DB was
at first unable to perform this action, I used pressure biofeedback, placing
the bladder of the biofeedback unit beneath her abdomen just above the
top of her pelvis and inflating the bladder sufficiently for DB to feel pres-
sure over the abdomen. I instructed her to draw in her abdomen in an at-
tempt to pull away from the biofeedback unit, thereby reducing the pres-
sure on the bag. I wanted DB to perform the exercise at home, but since she
was unable to identify when she was performing abdominal hollowing
correctly, I brought her husband into the treatment session and showed
him how to assist her. At home, DB placed a folded towel beneath her ab-
domen in the same position that the biofeedback bladder had occupied. I
instructed DB's husband to gently try to slide the towel out from beneath
DB's abdomen, while his wife drew in her abdomen sufficiently to take her
weight from the towel and permit it to be pulled away. I instructed her to
repeat this exercise 3 times daily, performing 10 reps each time.
Once DB was able to perform the hollowing action unaided in the prone
lying position, I had her progress to abdominal hollowing in kneeling and
sitting positions. While aiding DB in her back stability training, I also in-
structed her on general back care, with emphasis on correct sitting and rest-
ing postures. I also taught her basic lifting techniques for use in the home.
She progressed through the early stages of the back stability program using
the heel slide, kneeling leg lift, and hip hinge actions. I then referred her to
an exercise instructor at a local health club, to perform a general exercise
program incorporating back stability principles.
Points fo Note
Because DB was in intense pain, I used physical therapy for pain relief
at the beginning of her first session, before introducing her to stability
exercises later in the session.
continued
244 . Back Stability
Case History, cOl1til1ued
V On the first day, I began teaching her to control the multifidus, which
helped in pain relief.
V I used pressure biofeedback and palpation.
v I showed a family member how to assist with DB's abdominal hollow-
ing exercises at home.
v DB continued her back stability training at a health club, along with
general fitness activities.

CASE HISTORY
Patient Unwilling to Exercise
SD was a 53-year-old manual worker in a food company. About 42 pounds
overweight, he had marked abdominal sagging and chronic back pain that
was localized to the lower lumbar region. His erector spinae muscles were
tight and thickened. When standing, SD had a flattened lumbar curve, show-
ing a typical "flatback" posture. Examination of range of movement re-
vealed a lack of lumbar extension, and grossly limited pelvic tilt during
I forward flexion movements. The pelvis contributed little to forward bend-
ing since most forward movement came from the upper lumbar and lower
thoracic spine. Examination of SD's lifting techniques showed repeated
bending actions with his legs straight, and adoption of poor resting posi-
tions with marked spinal flexion. SD had attended his company's manual
handling course and even a refresher course, but his line manager confirmed
SD's unwillingness to practice correct handling procedures on a regular
basis.
My initial physical therapy treatment targeted pain relief, but I also
wanted to make SD contribute to his own treatment by taking part in exer-
cise. It required considerable persuasion to convince SD to begin exercis-
ing! I taught him passive extension procedures that involved his lying on
the floor and pressing with his arms to encourage restoration of a normal
lumbar curve. During this exercise, his pain reduced in intensity, and local-
ized to the lumbar region, shrinking in size. To encourage correct bending,
I placed 15-inch-long strips of nonelastic tape on either side of his spine,
from the pelvic region to the mid thoracic area. As SD bent forward, the
I tape tightened on the skin, restricting spinal flexion and encouraging him
to bend from the knees.
I taught SD pelvic tilting, first passively and then actively, during the
first treatment session. Although I instructed him to continue practicing at
home, he showed little willingness to do so. I therefore instructed him to
visit the company medical center daily, to practice his exercises under su-
pervision of a physical therapy assistant or nurse. He did this each work-
ing day for two weeks.
cOl1til1ued
 Building a Back Stability Program for Your Client. 245

Case History, continued

In his second treatment session, I started SO on a single abdominal hol-
lowing exercise, choosing hollowing in wall-supported standing (with a
webbing belt) since it was easiest for him to perform. With the use of a
mirror, palpation, and surface EMG feedback, he was able to perform con-
sistent hollowing by his third treatment session. I then encouraged him to
practice hollowing without aids in wall-support standing, instructing him
to draw his abdominal wall away from the waistband of his trousers (with-
out holding his breath) and to hold the contraction for 5-10 seconds. I told
him to repeat the exercise 3 times daily for 10 repetitions.
By our third session, the combination of increased flexibility to pelvic tilt
and back taping made SO bend more correctly. I assigned hamstring stretch-
ing exercises (active knee extension) in a lying position-lO reps, holding
each for 10 seconds, during his treatment sessions on alternate working
days. I also referred him to the company occupational health nurse for ad-
vice on diet and monitored weight loss.
Video feedback helped SO learn correct bending techniques; and he prac-
ticed the hip hinge action (with a stick placed along the length of the spine)
first with and then without video feedback. After four treatment sessions
and 10 days of supervised exercise, SO was pain free. (But I also discovered
that SO stopped practicing his exercise program two weeks after treatment
began!) I encouraged him to perform the hollowing procedure when walk-
ing to his tea break (morning and afternoon) and his lunch break. The ac-
tion was to contract the muscles to pull away from the waistband, hold the
contraction while taking 10 steps, relax for 10 steps, and begin over again-
a technique known as "postural walking." I told him to continue this con-
traction-and-rest procedure for the full length of the walk (about 5 min-
utes). Because this action was easy to perform and was built into SO's daily
activity, he received it well. Three months after his first appointment, SO
was still practicing the postural walking procedure daily. He reported a
feeling of "strength" in his abdomen, with the added advantage of increased
tone and a flatter stomach.
Points to Note
If' SO had a flatback posture and chronic back pain.
If' Previous to my seeing him, SO had received only medication and pas-
sive physical treatments.
If' He had taken no active part in the care of his own back condition.
If' Back taping encouraged him to move more correctly.
If' Because SO was unwilling to exercise on his own, I arranged for him to
do his exercises at work under supervision of a PT assistant.
If' Although he did not continue abdominal hollowing exercises at home,
he liked the "postural walking" approach-which we therefore built
into his daily activities.
246 . Back Stability

SUMMARY
· When you first see a client, assess him or her for basic stability, posture,
alignment, segmental control, and muscle imbalance.
· Treat pain before proceeding with stability exercises.
· In many cases, your first several sessions will address only the most
severe deficiency.
· By the third or fourth session, if not earlier, you generally will want to
focus on all aspects of stability, prescribing exercises for any area where
there is a deficit.
· Prescribe specific exercises for specific goals; there is no such thing as
a "general" prescription for back stability.
· The principle of specificity applies also to advanced stability exercises.
When prescribing procedures from chapters 8 or 9, target them to your
clients' specific goals and needs, whether they are related to the
workplace or to the playing field.
· Four case histories provide step-by-step examples of treatment
programs for individuals with varying kinds of problems.
 1l1l
Preventing Back Injuries
and Reinjuries

It is surprising how many people go to a great deal of effort to follow a

rehabilitation program after a back injury, only to reinjure the back by
doing something foolish at home or at work. I strongly urge you to take a
few minutes to go over the information in this chapter with your clients
so that they will have an increased probability of maintaining the progress
you've helped them achieve.
In the large majority of cases, according to my experience, you will meet
with mild resistance or even boredom, because most people will say (at
least to themselves if not to you), "Yes, yes, I know all that, use your legs
and not your back, don't bend over. . . ." Yet a significant number of these
same people will end up doing something outrageously silly because they
haven't internalized proper safety procedures. I suggest that you actually
role play these ideas with your clients. After leading them through the
information in this chapter, take just 5 or 10 minutes to point to various
objects and say, "All right, let's say you have to carry that chair into the
next room and set it against the wall. Plan it out for me, explain to me the
proper lifting/carrying procedure, then show me how you would posi-
tion yourself for the lift." (I don't suggest letting anyone do a heavy or
awkward lift, for reasons of liability.)

KEEP THE SPINE VERTICAL

Merely reaching over a table can tremendously leverage the stress on the
spine. Picking up a mug of coffee from the opposite side of a table, for
example, can produce more force against the intervertebral disks than lift-
ing a 20-pound weight next to one's body. Remember, torque = force x
the length of the lever arm. If the spine remains vertical, leverage is mini-
mal. If the spine is allowed to move toward the horizontal, higher lever-
age forces increase the tendency for the spine to flex, loading the spinal
tissues. An analogy: when a flexible fishing rod is held vertically, it remains

247
248 . Back Stability

straight; if you tilt it, it bends under its own weight. In order to keep the
rod straight in a tilted or horizontal position, you must support its weight.
The same principle applies to the back. If you want to move your back
away from the vertical, you should support it by placing your hand onto
a nearby tabletop or chair or whatever, or onto your knee if nothing else is
available. The additional support greatly reduces the stress on the spine
and enables you to maintain correct alignment.
Repeated flexion also adds to spinal stress, greatly increasing discal pres-
sure and continually stretching the posterior spinal tissues. Over time,
repeated flexion can lead to tissue breakdown. Microtrauma of this type
gives rise to classical postural pain syndromes (McKenzie 1981). Instruct
your clients to reduce their total amount of bending in anyone day by
using more effective movements and by improving general back care. Fig-
ure 11.1 shows examples of poor general back care, along with alterna-
tives for reducing stress on the spine.

~ Support the spine whenever it is not vertical, and

reduce the total amount of bending.

PRINCIPLES OF LIFTING IN THE HOME

AND ON THE JOB
Both at home and at work, your clients should follow the principles of
good back stability in any lifting or other manual tasks. Most simply stated,
they must plan their actions carefully and minimize the forces of the lift.

Planning
Planning prevents surprises. One of the most common reasons for lifting
injuries is failure to assess the entire situation before trying to move an
object. Tell your clients they must evaluate three areas:

1. Assess the environment. Note the floor surface. Is it uneven? Is it

wet? Are there potential trip hazards? They should plan the entire path
over which they will carry the object. Does the path involve going through
a doorway? If so, is it accessible and open? Is it wide enough? (It is amazing
how often people will carry a couch or desk up to a doorway, only to
discover the opening is too small!) Where is the object to be placed? If it is
to go on a table, is there room for it or do other items need to be moved
first?
2. Assess the object. The distribution of the object's weight can be even
more important than the absolute weight. The heaviest part of the object
should be held close to the body to reduce the leverage effect, and
 Correct /' Incorrect X

Vacuuming

Removing clothes
from the dryer

Reaching for object

on a high shelf

Lifting (or even

talking with)
a small child

Figure 11.1 Proper and improper back care in the home.

249
250 . BackStability
individuals must feel comfortable with the weight lifted in relation to their
own health status, training, and capability. They should consider the size
and shape of the object: a light object that is very bulky or that may shift
(e.g., a container of powder or fluid) offers a greater potential for injury.
They must also consider any possible danger from the contents-if a
container holds acid, or a scalding liquid, what would happen in the event
of an unforeseen accident?
3. Assess themselves. Do they feel confident that a lift is within their
capability? Individuals with a knee injury, for example, may not be able to
bend their knees sufficiently to lift the object in a correct manner. Are there
any relevant medical conditions? Pregnant women should severely restrict
their lifting; and individuals with heart disease, low back pain, or hip
pathology will have reduced capacities. Many people injure their backs
by trying to lift objects they suspected were too heavy for them. I often
hear something like "I was afraid I couldn't lift it, but it had to be moved
and I didn't have time to find help" when I examine people following
back injuries. Especially in men, "machismo" is a very common and very
dangerous attitude. Emphasize to your clients that it is in no way "wimpy"
to admit they should not lift a given item. Such a statement in fact shows
great wisdom and maturity. If special training is generally needed before
a certain kind of lift, and if a person has not received that training, he
certainly must not attempt it. In general, if individuals are unsure about any
aspect of a lift, they should not attempt it.

KEY POINT: individuals should not attempt any lift if they have
the slightest doubts about their abilities to perform the lift
safely.

Minimizing the Stress of a Lift

There are several ways to reduce the physical stress of a lift.
The Safe Zone
The center of gravity of the human body typically lies at the 52/53 level.
Pulling an object near to this "safe zone" reduces the leverage forces act-
ing on the body; allowing the object to move farther away from this point
increases the leverage and therefore the stress. If holding an object within
the safe zone next to the pelvis represents 100% lifting capacity, this ca-
pacity is reduced by 20% when the object is held a forearm's length from
the body, and by 75% when the object is lifted at arm's length.
Teach your clients to pull objects they are lifting toward the body's cen-
ter of gravity at the sacrum-to pull them into the safe zone as soon as
possible and keep them there as long as possible. When lifting something
 Preventing Back Injuries and Reinjuries . 251

from the floor, they should pull it in toward the body early in the lift by
sliding the object along the floor. Only when the object is pulled close to
the safe zone should the lift begin. Although it may not be possible to
keep the object within the safe zone during the entire lift, the longer it is
held there, the better. If a lift takes a total of 15 seconds to complete, it will
be performed far more safely if the object is within the safe zone for 12 of
the 15 seconds than if it is there for only 5 seconds. Since the lift takes the
same total time in each case, lifting safely will not slow a person down.
KEY POINT: Pull an object into the "safe zone" (near the
I sacrum) as soon as possible during a lift, and keep it there for
as long as possible.

Appropriate Stance and Grip

Instruct your clients to use two hands when lifting a heavy object from
the floor. They should stand at the comer of the object, with the feet at 90°
to each other (figure 11.2). With this foot position, the knees pass to the

Figure 11.2 Double-handed lift.

252 . Back Stability

sides of the object as they are bent. At least one foot must stay flat on the
floor, to aid stability.
The hands should grip under the object ("hook grip") rather than merely
at its sides, to avoid their slipping-elbows in to aid power; knees bent;
the back aligned and near vertical for the majority of the lift (only when
the object is approaching the floor, when the individual is setting it down,
is the back allowed to flex slightly). Individuals should look up as they
lift, to aid the general feeling of back extension; and their hips should
remain below the shoulders at all times.
For certain heavy, large objects such as a sack of grain or a bag of con-
crete (figure 11.3), suggest a modification of the double-handed lift called

Figure 11.3 (1) Bend knees to get close to the sack, gripping it at the top;
(2) rapidly straighten the legs and pull the sack up high; (3) dip down be-
neath the sack as its momentum continues to carry it upward; (4) straighten
the legs to stand up, holding the sack high against the chest.
 Preventing Back Injuries and Reinjuries . 253

a snatch lift. The snatch lift uses speed and momentum to reduce the
strength needed for the lift, but is only possible for objects that can be
grasped at the top. It is highly effective, but requires great skill and there-
fore practice. Since it is performed rapidly, there is little margin for error.
The person lifting uses a position similar to that used for the double-handed
lift, except the squat is not as deep. Gripping the object at its top, the indi-
vidual keeps his back straight and his legs somewhat bent. The action is
to rapidly straighten the legs and raise onto the toes (as with the power
clean exercise, page 221) while pulling the object upward. Most of the
power for the lift comes from the legs, the arm pull being used mostly to
transmit the power and guide the path of the object. The object's momen-
tum carries it upward-and at the height of its movement (when its weight
feels minimal), the individual changes his grip to place his hands under
the object and pull it firmly into the safe zone.
Single-handed lifts are appropriate for lighter objects (figure 11.4). The
individual should assume a lunge position, with feet shoulder-width apart
and one foot forward of the other. If the right hand is used to lift, the left
foot leads the movement and the left hand may be placed on the left knee
for support. The back remains in its neutral position and is kept near the
vertical throughout the lift. The knee of the forward leg should pass just
over the foot, but no farther, so that the tibia of the leading leg is nearly
vertical-this way the individual will be pressing her hand down on a
more stable lower leg. If the leading foot is dorsiflexed too far, the hand
pressing down on the knee will increase the range of dorsiflexion and
make it more difficult to raise the body from the ground.
Pushing and pulling activities can also place considerable stress on the
back if they are performed incorrectly. It is essential that back alignment is
maintained, and that the power for the movement comes from the legs
rather than from the spine. Instruct
your clients to begin a push either
facing forward with their hands on
the object and their arms straight, or
facing backward with their backs flat
against the object. In either case, they
should keep their pelvises in neutral
position and produce most of the
power for pushing/pulling in the
legs-power that is directed through
the straight, stable spine to the object
being moved. Make sure your clients
know to take only small steps during
the push/pull-overly large steps
will overstretch the body and pull the
spine out of alignment. Figure 11.4 Single-handed lift.
254 . Back Stability

SUMMARY
· Individuals should keep their spines vertical, or as near vertical as
possible, during a lift.
· Repeated spinal flexion during lifting can lead to serious breakdown
of tissues.
· Whenever the spine is not vertical, it should be supported by placing
a hand either on a stable object or on the bent knee.
· Before lifting any object, individuals should plan the move: they should
assess the environment, the object, and their own capabilities.
· If there is any doubt in individuals' minds that they can safely lift/
carry an object, they should refrain from doing so.
· The "safe zone" is near the sacrum, since the average person's center
of gravity is at approximately the S2/S3level. Lifted objects should be
brought to the safe zone as quickly as possible, and remain there as

. long as possible.
Individuals should use two hands to lift heavy objects. When lifting
lighter objects with only one hand, they should place the free hand on

. a bent knee to provide support for the spine.

The "snatch lift" is useful for lifting heavy objects that can be grasped
at the top, but the movement is difficult and should be practiced before
it is used.
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ics): Figure 5.1 (page 95) reprinted, by permission, from p. 176.
From J.A. Hides, e.A. Richardson, and G.A. Jull, 1996, "Multifidus muscle recovery is not auto-
matic after resolution of acute, first-episode low back pain," Spine 21 (23): Figure 3.5 (page
52) reprinted, by permission, from pp. 2763-2769.
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220) adapted, by permission, from p. 394; Exercise figure, a.c, "Power Clean" (page
221) adapted, by permission, from p. 392; Exercise figure, a-c, "Dead Lift" (page 222)
adapted, by permission, from p. 380.
From e. Norris, 1995, "Spinal stabilisation," Physiotherapy Journal 81 (3): Exercise figure, a.
c, "Assessing Muscle Balance in the Gluteus Maximus" (page 104) reprinted, by per-
mission, from p. 26.
From e. Norris, 1998, Diagnosis and management, 2d ed. (Oxford: 8utterworth Heinemann):
Figure 2.12, a and b (page30); Figure 2.14, a and b (page 34); Figure 2.16 (page 3B)
reprinted from p. 18; Exercise figure, a-d, "Knee Raising in Standing" (page 71); Exe,..
cise figure, a.d, "Assessing Lumba,..Pelvic Rhythm in Prone Kneeling" (page 72);
Exercise figure, a and b, ''The Hip Hinge Movement in Standing" (page 72); Exercise
figure, a and b, "Recognizing False Hip Abduction" (Page 73) reprinted from p. 167;
Figure 4.4 (page 91) reprinted from p_ 155; Chapter 5 exercise descriptions; Figure
5.2 (page 95) and Figure 5.3 a (page 95) reprinted from p. 145; Figure 5.7 (page 101)
and Figure 5.8 (page 101); Exercise figure, "Assessing Muscle Balance in the Iliop-
soas" (page 103); Exercise figure, top right, "Assessing Muscle Balance in the Glu.
teus Maximus" (page 104); Exercise figure, "Assessing Muscle Balance in the Glu.
teus Medius" (page 105); Exercise figure, "Half Lunge" (page 114), Exercise figure,
"Hip Hitch" (page 115), Exercise figure, "Active Knee Extension, Holding Thigh"
(Page 116), Exercise figure, "Active Knee Extension, Pushing Against Thigh" (Page
116) and Exercise figure, ''Tripod Stretch" (page 117) reprinted from p. 175; Figure
6.1, a and b (page 121) reprinted from p. 176; Figure 6.2 (page 122) and Figure 6.3
(page 125) reprinted from p. 177; Exercise figure, "Leg Lowering" (page 128); Exe,..
cise figure, "Bench Lying Pelvic Raise" (page 129) and Exercise figure, a, "Wail Bar
Hanging Leg Raise" (page 130) reprinted from p. 177; Exercise figure, "Plyometrlc
Flexion and Extension Using a Punching Bag" (page 226) and Exercise figure, "Leg
Raise Throw (Page 227) reprinted from p. 129. All reprinted by permission of Butterworth
Heinemann Publishers, a division of Reed Educational & Professional Publishing Ltd.
From CM. Norris, 1997. Abdominal Training (london: A & C Black): Exercise figure, "Cor-
rection of Swayback Posture" (page 151) and Exercise figure, a and b, "Passive Back
Extension in Lying Position" (page 156) adapted, by permission, from p. 38. Illustrations
by Jean Ashley.
From P.B. O'Sullivan, l.T. Twomey, and G.T. Allison, 1997, "Evaluation of specific stabilizing
exercise in the treatment of chronic low back pain with radiological diagnosis of spondyloly-
sis or spondylolisthesis," Spine 22 (24): Figure 1.1 (page 7) adapted, by permission, from
pp.2959-2967.
From e.A. Richardson and M.I. Bullock, 1986, "Changes in muscle activity during fast, alter-
nating flexion-extension movements of the knee," Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation
Medicine 18: Figure 5.4 (page98) and Figure 5.5 (page98), reprinted, by permission,
from pp. 51-58.
From J. Watkins, 1999, Structure and function of the musculoskeletal system (Champaign, IL:
Human Kinetics): Figure 2.1 (page 15) reprinted from p. 61; Figure 2.2 (page 15) re-
printed from p. 63; Figure 2.5 (page 19) reprinted from p. 145; Figure 2.6 (page 19)
reprinted from p. 150.

263
 Index
Figures and tables are indicated by the italicized letters t and f follCJWing the page number. Exercises and
assessments have italicized page numbers.

A arctan formula 142

arm fixation 123-124
abdominal hollowing: about 60; assessing 236;
arm lift in four-point kneeling 196-197
basic process 81; common errors 88-89;
articulate, defined 17
correct and incorrect positions 88; four-
articulating triad 14
point kneeling 83; general considerations
assessments: heel slide maneuver using pressure
81-82; importance 168; lying 85-86; with
biofeedback 106; hip hinge movement in
pelvic floor contractions 84; prone test
standing 72-73; knee raising in standing
using pressure biofeedback 105-106;
71; lumbar-pelvic rhythm in prone
standing 84; starting positions 82-86;
kneeling 72; muscle balance in gluteus
teaching clients 81-89; teaching tips 86;
maximus 104; muscle balance in gluteus
two-point kneeling and sitting 85; with
medius 105; muscle balance in iliopsoas
webbing belt 87f; in weight training 203
103; Ober test 108-109; passive
abdominal machine 212
assessment of pelvic tilt 72; pelvic
abdominal muscles: activation in chronic low
motion control in frontal plane 73; prone
back pain 6Of; coordination during
abdominal hoUowing test using pressure
spinal movement 60-62; deep
biofeedback 105-106; recognizing false
abdominals anatomy 57-58; deep
hip abduction 73-74; straight-leg raise
dissection illustration 58f; "doming" of
test 109-110; Thomas test 107-108; tripod
abdominal wall 121; functions 58-60;
test 110
intermediate dissection illustration 57£;
assisted pelvic tilt: from crook lying position 75-
in resisted actions 59; superficial 76; while sitting 75; while standing 74
abdominals anatomy 55-57 atrophy 97
abdominal slide 188
axial compression: of facet joints 28-29; of
abdominal training: current practice 120-124;
intervertebral discs 26-28; verterbal
modifications of traditional exercises
bodies 25-26
124-130
abdominal wall "doming" 121 B
ab roller exercises 130-132 back care, in home 249f
active knee extension: holding thigh 116; back extension (frame) 209
pushing against thigh 116-117 back extension (machine) 208
active lumbar stability 12 back flattening 149-150
active positioning reproduction 80-81 back muscles 52f
active stretching 111!, 112, 113 back pain: back stability exercises 234t;
acute pain case history 242-244 diagnostic triage 233; nonorganic causes
Adams, M. 31 4-5; recurrence 3; scope of problem 3--4
Adam's position 138 back pain management: about 5-6; lumbar
adipose tissue pad 22-23 stabilization model 7-12; new model 6-7;
advanced training qualifications 167-168 traditional model 6
aerobic exercise 99 back stability assessment 236
aging: chronic muscle tightness 237; compres- back stability exercises 234t
sion of vertebral bodies 25; disc changes Baechle, T.R. 214
28; facet joint cartilage 23; and ligaments balance boards 168-169,183-186
20; lumbar disc changes 28f; and posture ballistic stretching 1111, 112, 113
136; proteoglycan content 22; tissue barbell lunge 218-219
overstretch 31 Barrack, R.L. 199-200
Allan, D.B. 6 basic crunch, ab roller 131
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons basic superman 190
134 bed rest 5, 234
anaerobic exercise 99 behavioral factors 5
Andersson, E. 55 bench curl 127
annulus fibrosis 20-21,21f bench lying pelvic raise 129
anterior pelvic tilt 34f bending: erector spinae 37; sacroiliac joint 25;
anterolateral muscles 7 torsional stresses 27
aponeurosis 45 bent knee sit-up 126
approximate (verb), defined 45 Biedermann, H.j. 51
arch mechanics 39f blood flow, out of vertebral body 26

264
 Index. 265

blood pressure, and Valsalva maneuver 63 dead lift 222

body, listening to 205 deep abdominal muscles 57-58: inner-range
body sway, and postural stability 135-136 holding tests 105-106
Bogduk, M. 65 deep (intersegmental) muscles 50-52
bones, vertebral column anatomy 14-15 deformation of disc 26-27
brain stem activities 80 degenerative discs 28
breathing, in weight training 203 Deyo, R.H. 5
bridge: from crook lying 172; with gym ball diagnostic triage 232-234
191; with leg lift 173,192; with leg lift disability; labels of 4-5; permanent 3
and extension 192; with pelvic tilt 191; disc, defined 14
with therapist pressure 192 discal compression 26-28, 27f. 29f
Bullock, M.l. 97,99 disc surgery 6
Bullock-Saxton, J. 141 distraction force 17
door frame stretch 161
C double crunch, ab roller 132
cable crossover 208 double-handed lift 251f
capsular ligaments 16t, 18 double-leg raise 197
cartilage end plates 20,22
dumbbell row 215-216
case histories: acute pain 242-244; obese client dynamic posture 135
239-240; poor stability 240-242;
unwillingness to exercise 244-245 E
cauda equina syndrome 232 elastic energy 224
caudal, defined 17 electrical silence, of muscles 37-38
center of gravity, in postural assessment 136 Enoka, R.M. 223-224
chronic low back pain: and abdominal equipment, for weight training 205
hollowing 60-61; abdominal muscle erector spinae 37, 40
activation 6Of; motor control deficit in exercise: with axial loading 27; compression of
transversus abdominis 62 vertebral bodies 26; controlled 6; disc
chronic muscle lengthening 100-102 compression and height losses 27f; lifting
clients (see also teaching clients): advanced habit education 36; and sacroiliac joint
training qualifications 167-168; postural stability 49; from sitting posture 31; and
re-education 144; preliminary assess- spinal stability 11-12; starting positions
ment 231-234; training progression 168- 31,82-86,169; training specificity 99
169,206,214; working with 71 exercises: abdominal hollowing: four-point
closed loop system 198-199 kneeling 83; abdominal hollowing: lying
clothing, for weight training 205 85-86; abdominal hollowing: standing
common beliefs 4 84; abdominal hollowing: two-point
compressed ligament 12 kneeling and sitting 85; abdominal
concentric-eccentric coupling 224 machine 212; abdominal slide 188;
conditioning: and traditional sit-up 121-122; and active knee extension, holding thigh 116;
traditional straight-leg raise 123 active knee extension, pushing against
connective tissue rim 22 thigh 116-117; arm lift in four-point
contractile tissues 11 kneeling 196-197; assisted pelvic tilt
contract-relax-agonist-contract stretching 111t, from crook lying position 75-76; assisted
112, 113 pelvic tilt while sitting 75; assisted pelvic
contract-relax stretching 11It, 112, 113 tilt while standing 74; back extension
contralateral, defined 45 (frame) 209; back extension (machine)
contralateral fibers 17 208; back flattening 149-150; barbell
controlled forward bending 77 lunge 218-219; basic crunch, ab roller
correction of swayback posture 151-152 131; basic superman 190; bench curl 127;
costs, of treatment 3-4 bench lying pelvic raise 129; bent knee
countermovement 224 sit-up 126; bridge from crook lying 172;
countemutation, of sacroiliac joint 24t, 25 bridge with gym ball 191; bridge with
coupled movements 33 leg lift 173, 192; bridge with leg lift and
CRAC stretching lilt, 112, 113 extension 192; bridge with pelvic tilt
craniovertebral angle 142, 142f 191; bridge with therapist pressure 192;
creep: of discs 26-27; of lumbar tissues 31-32 cable crossover 208; controlled forward
Cresswell, A.G. 62 bending 77; correction of swayback
critical point 37.38 posture 151-152; dead lift 222; door
crook lying position exercises 169-173 frame stretch 161; double crunch, ab
CR stretching lilt, 112, 113 roller 132; double-leg raise 197;
dumbbell row 215-216; four-point body
o sway 173; four-point kneeling arm and
dancers: and lordotic posture 146; propriocep- leg lift 175; four-point kneeling leg lift
tive training 200 174-175; four-point kneeling stretch 118;
266 . Index

exercises (continued): four-point leg flexion/ superman, basic 190; superman with
extension 174; lour-point pelvic shilt arms 190-191; Thomas test stretch 114;
174; lree squat 196; gluteus maximus thoracic joint mobilization 159-160;
inner-range exercise 147-149; good throw-catch activities on mobile surface
morning 216; hall lunge 114; hall lunge 201; tripod stretch 117; trunk curl 126-
(without chair) 149; hall-sitting arm and 127; trunk lIexion with high pulley 212;
leg movements 188-189; hang clean 220; trunk side lIexor stretch 117-118; twist
heel bridge 193; heel bridge with leg and throw with medicine ball 226; wall
raise, ball rolling 194; heel slide 128; bar hanging leg raise 129-130; wall sit
heel slide basic movement 170; hip hinge 195-196; weight bag passive stretch 161-
action in high kneeling 76; hip hinge 162
with table support 77; hip hitch 115; explosive power 219-222
lateral puUdown 206-207; leg lowering extension 17,32-33
128,170; leg raise throw 227; low pulley external oblique muscle 56-57,57f
spinal rotation 210-211; lying barbell row
215; lying trunk curl over baU 189; lying
F
trunk curl with leg lilt 190; medicine ball lacet joint capsule 19f
trunk curl 226-227; modified trunk curl lacet joints: about 14; axial compression 28-29;
146-147; multiludus contraction 89-90; compression results 29f; 01 vertebral
muscle reaction speed using mobile column 22-23
platform 201; neutral position mainte- lalse hip abduction, recognizing 73-74
nance 185; Dber test stretch 115-116; lascia 17
passive back extension in lying position lascicle, delined 45
156-157; pelvic rock on rocker board 184; fast-twitch muscles 93
pelvic rock on wobble board 185; pelvic !ibro-adipose meniscoid 22-23
shilt with leg lilt 180; pelvic shilt with lIatback 145[ 156-157
unloading 179; pelvic tilt re-education, lIexion 17,30-32
sitting 157; plyometric lIexion and flexion relaxation response 37-38
extension using punching bag 226; flexor synergy during gait 122
plyometric side bend using punching bag lIuid loss 27
225; power clean 221; prone bent-leg lilt foot fixation 122
172; prone laU 194; prone laU with arm force closure 48
lilt 195; prone lall with single-leg lilt forensic back pain factors 5
195; prone lying gluteal brace 171; pulley form closure 48
crunch 212; rapid displacement in sitting lour-point body sway 173
200; reproduction of active positioning lour-point kneeling 82: arm and leg lilt 175;
80-81; reproduction of passive position- exercises 173-175; leg lilt 174-175; stretch
ing 80; reverse bridge 193; reverse 118
bridge and roll 193; reverse crunch, ab four-point leg flexion/extension 174
roller 131; rhythmic stabilization 01 four-point pelvic shift 174
multifudus and lateral abdomina Is in lree squat 196
side lying position 90-91; rotary torso free weight concerns 213-214
machine 211; scapula repositioning 160- free weight exercises: about 213;basic 214-219;
161; seated rowing 209; side crunch, ab for explosive power 219-222
roller 132; side lying body lilt 178; side Fu, EH. 79,200
lying hip lilt 178; side lying knee lilt lunctional taping 144-145
176; side lying leg abduction 177; side G
lying leg rotation 176-177; side lying
gender, and range of motion 30
spine lengthening 177; simple pelvic tilt,
gluteus maximus inner-range exercise 147-149
progressing to balance boards 184; single
gluteus maximus muscle balance assessment
arm pulley row 210; single-bent leg
104
raises 171; single-leg heel bridge 194;
gluteus medius muscle balance assessment 105
sitting, hip lIexor shortening 154-155;
good morning 216
sitting bilateral hip adductor stretch 152;
gym ball exercises 186-197
sitting hamstring stretch 182; sitting hip
gymnasts: and lordotic posture 146; propriocep-
hinge 185-186; sitting knee and arm raise
183; sitting knee raise 183, 188; sitting tive training 200; and sacroiliac joint
pain 49
lateral tilt using gym baU 78; sitting
pelvic tilt using gym ball 77-78; sitting H
sternal lilt 182-183; sitting wide splits hall lunge 114
152-153; spinal lengthening 153-154; hall lunge (without chair) 149
squat 216-218; standing hip abduction half-sitting arm and leg movements 188-189
180; standing hip hinge 181; standing hamstrings, stretching 113
sternal lilt 179; sternalliEt exercise 162; hang clean 220
 Index. 267

heel bridge 193 kinesthesis 136, 198

heel bridge with leg raise, ball rolling 194 Kissling. R.O. 25
heel slide 128: basic movement 170; using knee raising in standing 71
pressure biofeedback 106 Koh, T.J. 102
height losses 26,27, 27f Kukulka, e.G. 111
Hemborg. B. 64-65 kyphotic back 45, 145f 157-162
herniated lumbar disc 6-7
Hides, J.A. 51
L
hip extensor muscles 36, 122 lamina, defined 45
hip flexor muscles 123 lamina of vertebral arch 17
hip hinge 36; in high kneeling 76; in standing lateral flexion 17,33
72-73; with table support 77 lateral malleolus 135
hip hitch 115 lateral pulldown 206-207
hip joint, motion relationships with pelvis and lateral raphe 45
lumbar spine 351 laxity 95-96
hip muscles, inner-range holding tests 103-105 lean clients, and abdominal hollowing 83
Hodges, P. 61 leg lowering 128,170
holding 94 leg raise throw 227
holistic treatment 235-236 Lephart, S.M. 79, 200
hollow back 145. (set!also lordotic posture Lifting: appropriate stance and grip 251-253;
home back care 249f arch model of spine 38-40; flexion
hoop pressure 45 relaxation response 37-38; large objects
hydraulic amplifier effect 47-48 37, 252J; mechanics 35-40,36J; methods
hyperflexibility 95-96 40-41; minimizing stress 250-253;
hypoflexibility 95-96 planning 248, 250; principles 248-253;
hysteresis 20 safe zone 250-251; as set of torques 35-
37; with unstable spine 59; and Valsalva
I
maneuver 64
iatrogenic back pain factors 4-5 Ligaments: elasticity 20; self locking 48; of
iliacus 54f 561 spinal segment 16f 161; and spinal
iliopsoas muscle: about 54-55; illustrated 54J; stability 11; of vertebral column 15-16,
muscle balance assessment 103 18-20
immobilization: effects on muscles 101f; muscle limb strength 202
adaptation 96-99 limits, in weight training 205
impaction 33 linea alba 57f
inclinometer 139,141 line of gravity: gravitational torques 137, 139t;
inert tissues 11 maintaining 135fi in postural assessment
inguinal ligament 57f 136-137
injury, muscle adaptation 96-99 long dorsal sacroiliac ligament 48
injury prevention 247-253 Lord, S.R. 136
inner-range holding ability 103-106 Lordosis: defined 17; depth measurement 141-
innominate bone 17 142,141f
internal oblique muscle 57,57f lordotic index 142
interspinous-supraspinous-thoracolumbar lordotic posture 145-150, 145f
complex 18f low back pain: anticipatory nature of stability
intervertebral discs, axial compression 26-28 61; incorrect sitting positions 181; and
intra-abdominal pressure mechanism 62-65,631 multifudus muscle 51-52; and superficial
intradiscal pressure 301 muscles 53
intrathoracic pressure 62-63 tower back muscles, inner-range holding tests
intra truncal pressure 62 103-105
investing fascia 17 low-level contractions 94
ipsilateral, defined 45 low pulley spinal rotation 210-211
ischemic, defined 17 lumbar curvature 40,41f
lumbar erector spinae 52
J lumbar hypermobility 8
Jacob, H.A.e. 25
lumbar iliocostalis muscle 53
Janda, V. 145-146
lumbar instability 8-10
joint degeneration 79
lumbar longissumus muscle 52-53
joint loading, minimizing 134
lumbar neutral position 10, 78-79
joints, vertebral column anatomy 14-15
lumbar-pelvic dissociation 71-74
joint stability 8
lumbar-pelvic rhythm: about 34-35; assessing in
K prone kneeling 72; in closed kinetic
Kent, M. 223 chain 34f; correct function 70; in open
keyhole 138 chain 34J; regaining correct 74-78
268 . Index

lumbar region 191 posture alignment 134; proprioceptive

lumbar spine: biomechanics 14; flexion and functions 94; re-ed uca tion 69; stretching
extension 30-33; lateral view 53f; principles 111-113; target stretching 113-
lumbar-pelvic rhythm 34-35; motion 118; thoracolumbar fascia attachments
relationships with pelvis and hip joint 46f; transmission of force 18; types 93/;
351; rotation and lateral flexion 33; voluntary control 69; working large
stabilization mechanisms 43; stable groups first 238
movement and position 9-10; in muscle stiffness regulation 198-199
standin~ extension, and flexion 321 N
lumbar stabilization model: about 7-8; spinal
stability 11-12; stable movement and nerve root entrapment 6
position 9-10 nerve root pain 232,233
Luttgens, K. 136 nervous system training 198-199
lying, lost height restoration 26 neural arch ligaments 15-16, 16t, 18
lying abdominal hollowing 85-86 neural control centers 11
lying barbell row 215 neural system, developing 12
lying trunk curl over ball 189 neutral position: and abdominal hollowing 82;
lying trunk curl with leg lift 190 in crook lying position exercises 171; of
Lynn, R. 102 lumbar spine 10,78-79; teaching clients
78-81; in weight training 203
M neutral position maintenance 185
neutral zone 9-1O,9f
machine exercises 205-212
Ng, G. 97
machismo, and lifting 250
McKenzie, R.A. 142,156 Norris, CM. 30,92, 232, 238
Main, Cj. 5 nucleus pulposus 20,21-22,211
nutation, of sacroiliac joint 24t, 25, 48
medicine balls 226-227
medicine ball trunk curl 226-227 a
men, range of motion 30 Ober test 108-109, 151
mobile surfaces 201 Ober test stretch 115-116
mobilizer muscles: about 92,94; affecting lower obese clients 83,239-240
back 96/; characteristics 93/ occiput 17
modified trunk curl 146-147 occupational considerations 32
momentum, and free weights 213 overemphasis of single aspect 235
Moore, M.A. 111 overhead lifting 59,59f
Morgan, D.L. 102 overload principle 235
motion sense 136 overstretch 100
motor skiIlleaming stages 143/ overuse injury 204
motor skiU training 143-144 p
movement sense 198
multifudus contraction 89-90 pain (see also back pain; chronic low back pain;
multifudus muscle: contraction 89-91; exercise low back pain): acute pain case history
effects 51; exercises for contraction 89- 242-244; anticipation of 5; assessing 231-
90; function 50-51; lateral view SOft 232; nerve root pain 232, 233; not
medical treatment effects 51; targeting 7 exercising through 205; as reliable guide
multisensory cues 86 234
muscle activity: changes with speed increase palpation 86-87, 87j. 91f
98f; patterns during rapid knee flexion- Panjabi, M.M. 9,10,51
extension 98f; in weight training 203 parallel exercise progressions 236
muscle balance assessment: in gluteus maximus passive back extension in lying position 156-157
104; in gluteus medius 105; in iliopsoas passive positioning reproduction 80, 199-200
103 passive stability system 10
muscle imbalance: about 92; assessment 237; passive support, of lumbar region 12
characteristics 94-96; and posture 95f pelvic crossed syndrome 145-146
muscle length: about 100; adaptation 101f; pelvic inclinometer 139,141
chronic muscle lengthening 100-102; pelvic inlet 17
shortened muscle assessment 106-110; pelvic motion control, assessing in frontal plane 73
stretched muscle assessment 103-106 pelvic rock on rocker board 184
muscle reaction speed using mobile platform pelvic rock on wobble board 185
201 pelvic shift with leg lift 180
muscles: of abdomen 57f; adaptation to injury, pelvic shift with unloading 179
immobilization, and training 96-99; of pelvic tilt: inclinometer assessment 139,141;
back 52f; basic concepts 92-96; electrical passive assessment 72; repeated pelvic
silence 37-38; endurance vs. strength tilting exercises 183-186
206; immobilization effects 101f; length- pelvic tilt control: about 70; lumbar-pelvic
tension relationship 38f; in optimal dissociation 71-74; segmental control 70
 Index. 269

pelvic tilt re-education, sitting 157 proteoglycans 21-22,28

pelvis, motion relationships with hip joint and psoas 54f, 561
lumbar spine 351 pulley crunch 212
Perey, O. 37 punching bags 225-226
periosteum 17 pyramid training 206, 238
permanent disability 3
physiology 238 Q
quadratus lumborum muscle 54
plumb line, in postural assessment 137, 137f, 138-
139 R
plyometric exercises 225-227 range of motion 30, 35
plyometric flexion and extension using raphe, lateral 45
punching bag 226 rapid displacement in sitting 200
plyometrics: about 202; for power and speed reaction time 223
222-225; preparation 225 rectus abdominis muscle 55-56, 57f, 591
plyometric side bend using punching bag 225 rectus sheath 57f, 58f, 591
PNF stretching 111-113 reinjury prevention 247-253
poor conditioning: in traditional sit-up 121-122; relative flexibility 951
in traditional straight-leg raise 123 relative stiffness 951
poor stability, case history 240-242 repeated pelvic tilting exercises 183~186
posterior ligamentous system 43-44 repetitions, in weight training 206
postural muscles 92. (see also stabilizer muscles reproduction of active positioning 80-81
postural stability, and body sway 135-136 reproduction of passive positioning 80, 199-200
posture: anatomical landmarks 137-138; response time 223
assessing 237; basic assessment 136-142; rest, as most common treatment 6
correction principles 143-145; dynamic reverse bridge 193
posture 135; energy expenditure reverse bridge and roll 193
reduction 135; home-exercise programs reverse crunch, ab roller 131
143-144; "low-tech" measurement 143; rhythmic stabilization 90-91: of multifudus and
and muscle imbalance 95f; optimal lateral abdominals in side lying position
alignment 134-135; re-education 144; 90-91
standard reference 138J; standing Richardson, C. 61
posture assessment 140f; static posture Richardson, C.A. 97, 99
135 Risch, S.V. 7
Posture Committee, American Academy of rocker boards 183, 184
Orthopaedic Surgeons 134 rotary torso machine 211
posture grid 138-139 rotation, of lumbar spine 33
posture types: about 145; flatback 145f, 156-157; round-shouldered posture 158
kyphotic back 45, 145f, 157-162; lordotic
posture 145-150,1451; swayback 1451, S
150-155 sacroiliac joint: about 23-25; gymnasts' pain 49;
power: defined 223; in free-weight exercises illustrated 23J; movement 241; and
219-222; with plyometrics 222-227 thoracolumbar fascia coupling 48-49
power clean 221 sacrotuberous ligament 48
preload effect 224 sacrum, in standing, extension, and flexion 32/
pressure biofeedback 105-106 safety checklist, weight training 204
primary mobilizer muscles 93t sagittal plane 17, 139/
primary stabilizer muscles 93t sagittal rotation 17,31
principle of overload 235 S.A.I.D. (specific adaptation to imposed
principle of specificity 234-235 demand) 99-100
prolapse, defined 17 scapula repositioning 160-161
prone abdominal hollowing test using pressure Schmid, H.j.A. 145-146
biofeedback 105-106 Schmorls node 17, 27
prone bent-leg lift 172 sciatica 6
prone fall 194: with arm lift 195; with single-leg seated rowing 209
lift 195 segmental control 70, 94, 95
prone lying 83 self-assessment in lifting 250
prone lying gluteal brace 171 serial sarcomere number 100-102
proprioception: basic concepts 79-80; compo- serious spinal pathology 233
nents 79t; defined 79; kinesthesis 198; serratus anterior muscle 57!
movement sense 198; regulation of shortened muscle assessment 106-110
muscle stiffness 198-199; theory 198-199; shoulder, postural changes around 159/
training benefits 199-200 shoulder girdle alignment 158/
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation 111- side crunch, ab roller 132
113. (see also PNF stretching) side lying body lift 178
proprioceptive training 197-201 side lying hip lift 178
270 . Index

side lying knee lift 176 standing assisted pelvic tilt 74

side lying leg abduction 177 standing hip abduction 180
side lying leg rotation 176-177 standing hip hinge 181
side lying position exercises 175-178 standing hip hinge movement 72-73
side lying spine lengthening 177 standing knee raising 71
simple pelvic tilt, progressing to balance boards standing position exercises 178-181
184 standing posture assessment 140f
single arm pulley row 210 standing sternal lift 179
single aspect overemphasis 235 starting positions 31,82-86,169
single-bent leg raises 171 static joint positioning 8D-81
single-handed lift 253f static posture 135
single-leg heel bridge 194 static stretching I11t, 112, 113
sitting, hip flexor shortening 154-155 sternal lift exercise 162
sitting, intradiscal pressure 30-31 stiffness 95-96,198-199
sitting bilateral hip adductor stretch 152 stoop lift 40-41
sitting hamstring stretch 182 straight-leg raise: modified 127-130; traditional
sitting hip hinge 185-186 123-124
sitting knee and arm raise 183 straight-leg raise test 109-110
sitting knee raise 183,188 stretched muscle assessment 103-106
sitting lateral tilt using gym ball 78 stretching: principles 111-113; target muscles
sitting pelvic tilt using gym ball 77-78 113-118; techniques I11t
sitting position exercises 181-183 stretch-shorten cycle 223-224
sitting sternal lift 182-183 stretch weakness 100
sitting wide splits 152-153 structural injury 4
sit-up: exercises 64; modified 124-127; structural taping 144
traditional 120-122 superficial abdominal muscles 55-57
Skall, EH. 6 superficial spinal extensor muscles 52-54
skill-based exercise therapy 6-7 superimposed limb movements 168-169
slouched posture 150. (see also swayback superman, basic 190
slow-twitch muscles 93 superman with arms 190-191
snatch lift 253 superset 238
specific adaptation to imposed demand 99-100 surgery 6
specificity principle 234-235 sustained flexion 31-32
speed: defined 223; with plyometrics 222-227 swayback 145f, 150-155, 151f
spinal discs: avascular nature 22; concentric symmetry, in postural assessment 138
bands 21; of vertebral column 20-22 synovia 22
spinal extensor muscles: about 49-50; deep
(intersegmental) muscles 50-52; T
superficial muscles 52-54 tactile cues 86-87
spinal lengthening 153-154 taping 144-145,244-245
spinal pathology 233 task muscles 92. (see also mobilizer muscles)
spinal range of motion 35 teaching clients: abdominal hollowing 81-89;
spinal segment 14,15/ advance preparation 69; modifications of
spinal segment ligaments 16f, 16t exercises 124; multifudus contraction
spinal stability: achieving and maintaining 11- 89-91; multisensory cues 86; neutral
12; and lifting 36; system 11/ position 78-81; pelvic tilt control 70-78;
spine: arch model 38-40; as cantilever system rhythmic stabilization 90-91; tactile cues
36-37; keeping vertical 247-248; 86-87; visualization 88
structural changes 4 terminology 17,45,135
spondylolisthesis 7, 7f therapist referrals 234
spondylolysis 7,7/ Thomas test 107-108,237
squat 216-218 Thomas test stretch 114
squat lift 40-41 thoracic iliocostalis muscle 53
stability ball exercises 186-197 thoracic joint mobilization 159-160
stability program: advanced design 237-238; thoracic longissimus muscle 53
design principles 234-235; parallel tracks thoracolumbar fascia: coupling and sacroiliac
235-237 joint 48-49; cross section 46f; as
stabilizer muscles: about 92-96; affecting lower hydraulic amplifier 47-48; muscle
back 96/; characteristics 93t attachments to 46f; structure 44-45
stadiometer 142,142f thoracolumbar fascia mechanism 45,47,47/
standing: abdominal hollowing 82; axial threshold to detection of passive motion 198,199-
compression 26 200
standing abdominal hollowing 84 throw-catch activities on mobile surface201
 Index' 271

tightening 94 type II movement 33

tightness, assessing 107 type I movement 33
tissue microtrauma 204,248 U
tissue overstretch 31
torque: defined 35; lifting as set of 35-37; in unwillingness to exercise 244-245
posterior ligamentous system 44 V
trabecula 17
Valsalva maneuver 63-64
tragus 135
ventral, defined 17
trainer qualifications 214,234
. . . ventral ligaments 16/, 18-20
training: abdominaUsee abdommal trammg);
vertebral column IS!
abdominal muscle recruitment 99J;
vertebral column anatomy: bones and joints 14-
advanced training qualifications 167-168;
15; facet joints 22-23; ligaments 15-16,
motor skill training 143-144; muscle
18-20; sacroiliac joint 23-25; spinal discs
adaptation 97-99; nervous system 198-
199; postural sway reduction 136; 20-22
. vertebral compression 125/
progression 168-169,206,214; prop no-
vertebral pedicle 17
ceptive training 197-201; pyramid
vertical spine 247-248
training 206, 238
video feedback 241,245
training specificity 99-100
visualization 88
transversalis fascia 58! 59!
Vleeming, A. 48
transversus abdominis muscle 57-58, 58!, 61-62,
voluntary muscle control 69
62f
traumatic injury 204 W
treatment costs 3-4 Waddell, G. 6
Trendelenburg sign 73, 151 wall bar hanging leg raise 129-130
trigger points 106 wall sit 195-196
tripod stretch 117 Watson, P.). 5
tripod test 110 webbing belt 87,87!
trunk alignment, in traditional sit-up 121! Weber, H. 6
trunk curl 126-127 Webright, WG. 112
trunk flexion, in traditional sit-up 132! Weider,). 207
trunk flexion with high pulley 212 weight bag passive stretch 161-162
trunk muscle action: abdominal muscles 55-60; .
weight training: about 202; free weight exercises
coordination of abdominals during 213-222; machine exercises 205-212;
spinal movement 60-62; iliopsoas 54-55; preparation 203; program design 238;
spinal extensor muscles 49-54 safety 204
trunk side flexor stretch 117-118 Wells, K. 136
trunk stability, in overhead lifting 59-60, 59! wobble boards 183, 185
TTDPM (threshold to detection of passive women, range of motion 30
motion) 198,199-200
twist and throw with medicine ball 226 Z
Twomey, L.T. 65 Zetterberg, C. 61
 About the Author

Christopher M. Norris, MSc, MCSp, has more than

twenty years of experience as a physiotherapist and
sport scientist. His specialty is exercise therapy. He
is currently the director of Norris Associates in
Manchester, UK.
An expert on back stability, Norris is the author
of four books. One of his books on sports injuries
is in its second edition and has been adopted by
most physiotherapy schools in the United King-
dom. He has taught for the British Association of
Sports Medicine on flexibility training and back
rehabilitation. In addition to serving as a consult-
ant to major companies, Norris also published the first-ever review of back
stability in a series of articles in Physiotherapy Journal.
Norris is a member of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and the
Society of Orthopaedic Medicine. He holds a certificate in occupational
health physiotherapy, an advanced certificate in acupuncture, and a cer-
tificate in business administration.
He and his wife Hildegard live in the Peak District National Park. He
enjoys hill walking and ju jitsu.

272
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ًﹰﺎ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻧـﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ )‪ VHS ، DVD ، VCD ، ebook‬ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻤﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﻮﻕ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺮ ‪ CD‬ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ‪ ٥٠٠٠‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ١٣٢٤٣٦‬ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻛﺪ ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ‪ ١١٢‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﭘـﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻓﻴﺶ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﻛﻴﺪﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ‪ ٦٩٣٦٦٩٦‬ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫)‪3D Conformal Radiation Therapy A multimedia introduction to methods and techniques (Springer‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪2.1 Abdominal and pelvic Ultrasound with CT and MR correlation (R. Brooke Jeffrey, Jr., M.D.‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ‪ Self teaching‬ﻭ ‪ Self evaluation‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻟﮕﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ‪ CT Scan‬ﻭ ‪ MRI‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟـﺐ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ، CD‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Case‬ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ )ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ‪ MRI‬ﻭ ‪ (CT Scan‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ‪ Click‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺔ ‪ ،Text‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ‪ Case‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬
‫ﻛﺒﺪ‬ ‫‪٦٧‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺴﺔ ﺻﻔﺮﺍ ﻭﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫ﻃﺤﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻜﺮﺍﺱ‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻏﺪﻩ ﺁﺩﺭﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺷﻲ‬ ‫‪٧٨‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫ﻟﮕﻦ‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺭﺗﺮﻭﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪3.1‬‬ ‫)‪ACR - Chest (Learning file) (American college of Radiology‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- chest Trauma‬‬ ‫‪2- Cardiac Disease‬‬ ‫‪3- Vascular Disease‬‬ ‫‪4- Airway Disease‬‬
‫‪5- Mediastinal Masses‬‬ ‫‪6- Pleural Disease‬‬ ‫‪7- Chest Wall and Diaphragm‬‬ ‫‪8-Pediatric Chest‬‬
‫‪9- Normal Disease‬‬ ‫‪10- Neoplasma and Tumors‬‬ ‫‪11- Pulmonary Infection‬‬ ‫‪12- Immunocompromised Host‬‬
‫‪13- Diffuse Disease‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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4.1 ACR - Gastrointestinal (Learning file) (American college of Radiology) (Igor Laufer, M.D., James M. Messmer, M.D.) 1998
5.1 ACR - Genitourinary (Learning file) (American college of Radiology) 1998
‫( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬... ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭ‬، CT Scan ،‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ )ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬Case ‫ ﻫﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬Case ‫ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ‬،‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻓﺼﻞ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺷﺪ‬، ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ‬،‫ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬.‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬Finding ‫ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬Click ‫ ﺑﺎ‬Imaging ‫ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬،‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
:‫ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Case
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬
١١٨ ٢٦ ١٧ ١٥ ١١ ١٨ ‫ﺭﺗﺮﻭﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ‬ ١٠ ١٧ ١٠ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ‬ ١٦
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﮊﻧﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﺭﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
6.1 ACR - Head & Neck (Learning file) (American college of Radiology) 1998
7.1 ACR - Neuroradiology (Learning file) (American college of Radiology) 1998
8.1 ACR - Nuclear medicine (Learning file) (American college of Radiology) (Paul Shreve, M.D. and James Corbett, M.D.) ‫ــــــ‬
9.1 ACR - Pediatric (Learning file) (American college of Radiology) (Beverly P. Wood, M.D., David C. Kushner, M.D.) 1998
:‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Teaching File ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﻚ‬CD
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
Chest ٢٠٢ ‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ٧٨ ‫ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺵ‬ ١٦٣ ‫ ﭘﺎﻧﻜﺮﺍﺱ‬،‫ ﻃﺤﺎﻝ‬،‫ﻛﺒﺪ‬ ٧١ Genitourimary ١٠٩
‫ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬ ٣١ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ٩٠ Skeletal ٩٧
10.1 ACR - Skeletal (B.J Manaster, M.D., Ph.D.) (Learning file) ‫ــــــ‬
1. Tumolrs 2. Arthritis 3. Trauma 4. Metabolic Congeaital
11.1 ACR - Ultrasound (Learning file) (American college of Radiology) 1998
12.1 Anatomy and MRI of the JOINTS (A Multiplanar Atlas) (William D. Middleton, Thomas L. Lawson)
(Department of Radiology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin)
The Tmporomandibular The Shoulder The Wrist The Finger The Vertebral Column The Hip The Knee The Ankle
TM
9.9 Brainiac! Medical Multimedia Systems Presents (Version 1.52) (An interactive digital atlas designed to assist in learning human neuroanatomy) (Serial # 316.34427) 2000
13.1 Breast Implant Imaging (SALEKAN E-BOOK) (MICHAEL S. MIDDLETON, PH,D., M.D, MICHAEL P.MCNAMARA JR., M.D.) 2003
:‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
A History and Overview of Breast Augmentation and Implant Imaging Clinical Presentation Methods of Imaging
Basic Principles of Breast Implant Imaging Principles of Imaging Breast Implant Rupture and Soft-Tissue Silicone Artifacts of MR and Ultrasound Imaging of Breast Implants and Soft-Tissue Silicone
Classification of Breast Implants Practical Consideration in the Evaluaion of Implant Integrity Evaluation of Soft-Tissue Silicone from Ruptured Implants
Evaluation of Silicone Fluid Injecitons Breast Cancer Imaging Surgical and Other Considerations
14.1 Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography Extracranial and Intracranial (Michael Jaff DO, Serge Kownator MD, Alain Voorons Audlovlsuel) ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺲ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻛﻴﻮﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﮔﻮﻳـﺎ )ﺑـﻪ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴـﻲ( ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻧﻤـﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚﻫـﺎﻱ‬،‫ ﻭﺭﺗﺒﺮﺍﻝ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺏ ﻛﻼﻭﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ‬، CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
:‫ ﺭﺋﻮﺱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ‬ ‫ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬Setting ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﻜﻦﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ ﺍﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺏ ﻛﻼﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﺗﺒﺮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺱ ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﻛﻴﻮ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺑﺮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ‬ Revaseularization ‫ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬

.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Post-Test ‫ ﻭ‬Pre-Test ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬CD ‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪15.1 CASE REVIEW Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound‬‬ ‫‪WITH CROSS-REFERENCES TO THE REQUISITES SERIES‬‬ ‫)‪(Pamela T. Johnson, Alfred B. Kurtz‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ‪ Case ١٢٧‬ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ )ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪ Gynecology‬ﻭ ‪ Obstetric‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪16.1 CD Roentgen (Michael McDermott, M.D., Thorsten Krebs, M.D.) (Williams & Wilkins‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪17.1 Cerebral and Spinal Computerized Tomography‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫)‪18.1 Cerebral MR Perfusion Imaging CD-ROM to complement the book (A. Gregory Sorensen, Peter Reimer) (Thieme‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻓﻮﺯﻳﻮﻥ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ‪ MRI‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪19.1 CHEST X-RAY INTERPRETATION‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪ CD‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ )ﭼﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ‪ (CD‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ‪ CXR‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ Clinic -٣ seminar -٢ Library -١‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺭﻳﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ‪ animatory‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ Library :‬ﻳﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ CXR‬ﻭ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺭﻳﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺝ‪ : Sings, clue :‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ CXR‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪(…,westermark Sing, Sign) :‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ : Anatomy World :‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺭﻳﺰﻧﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ 3D‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻜﺸﻨﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ :CME Quiz :‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻳﺎ ‪ :Seminar‬ﺑﻪ ‪ ٥‬ﺑﺨﺶ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٢ Soft tissue -١‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ‪ -٣‬ﭘﻠﻮﺭﻭﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ‪ -٤‬ﺭﻳﻪ ﻭ ‪ -٥‬ﻣﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻋﻜﺴﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺭﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ Search‬ﻭ ‪ Localize‬ﻭ ‪ describe‬ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Search‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﺭﻳﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ) ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺱ(‬
‫‪ :Localize‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ CXR‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :Describe‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ‪ CXR‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٢‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ CXR‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺵ ﺧﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪ ﺧﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ CXR :Differential diagnosis‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ‪pattern ،‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ :Clinic‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ‪ CXR‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ‪ CT/MRI‬ﺑﺮﻭﻧﻜﻮﺳﻜﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻛﺌﺎﺭﺩﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ‪ ← Softtissue‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ← ﭘﻠﻮﺭﻭﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ← ﺭﻳﻪ ← ﻣﺪﻳﺴﺘﺎﻥ ← ﻧﺎﻑ ﺭﻳﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﺴـﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪ ...... Softtissue‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﻔﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻝ ‪ air‬ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪20.1 Comprehensive Reviw of Radiography‬‬ ‫)‪(Mosby‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (Self evaluation‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﺔ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ CD‬ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﭘﻨﺞﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪4‬‬
‫)‪21.1 Computed Body Tomography with MRI Correlation (Joseph K. T. Lee, Stuart S. Sagel, Robert J. Stanley, Jay P. Heiken) (3rd Edition) (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪22.1 CT Teaching Manual‬‬ ‫)‪(Matthias Hofer) (Thieme‬‬ ‫)‪(Salekan E-Book‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪23.1 Diagnostic Imaging Expert (A CD-ROM Reference & Review) (Ralph Weissleder, Jack Witterberg, Mark J. Rieumont, Genevieve Bennett‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ‪ Imaging‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺁﺭﺍﻳـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺫﻳـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪14- Vascular 13- Head and Neck‬‬ ‫‪11- Neurologic‬‬ ‫‪9- Musculoskeletal‬‬ ‫‪7- Genitourinary‬‬ ‫‪5- Gastrointestinal‬‬ ‫‪3- Cardiac‬‬ ‫‪1- Chest‬‬
‫‪12- Imaging Physics‬‬ ‫‪10- Contrast agent‬‬ ‫‪8- Nuclear Imaging‬‬ ‫‪6- Pediatric‬‬ ‫‪4- Obstetric‬‬ ‫‪2- Breast‬‬
‫)‪24.1 DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND A LOGICAL APPROACH (JOHN P. McGAHAN, BARRY B. GOLDBERG‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ٣‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Diagnostic Ultrasound‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Selp-assessment -٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ CMP‬ﻭ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٤١‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳــــﻚ ‪ -٢ bioeffects‬ﺁﺭﺗﻔﻜــــﺖ ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ‪ -٤‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫــــﺎﻱ ﺗﻬــــﺎﺟﻤﻲ ﺑــــﺎ ﺳــــﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ )ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴــــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﭙﻴﺮﺍﺳــــﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧــــﺎﮊ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤــــﺎﺭﻱﻫــــﺎﻱ ﺯﻧــــﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻳﻤــــﺎﻥ ‪ -٥‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫــــﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳــــﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺣــــﻴﻦ ﻋﻤــــﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣــــﻲ‬
‫‪ :٦-١٨‬ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﺳﻨﺘﺎ ﻭ ‪ Cervix‬ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻑ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﺁﻣﻨﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻟﮕﻦ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ ﺩﻭﻗﻠﻮﺋﻲ ﻭ ‪ Small-for-date , large-for-data‬ﻭ ‪....‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﺽ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ -١٩‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺵ )ﺣﻔـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺍﻥ( ‪ -٢٠‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﻛﺒﺪ – ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻧﻜﺮﺍﺱ( ‪ -٢١‬ﻛﺒﺪ ‪ -٢٢‬ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺻﻔﺮﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺠـﺎﺭﻱ ﺻـﻔﺮﺍﻭﻱ ‪ -٢٣‬ﺭﺗﺮﻭﭘﺮﺗﻴـﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘـﺎﻧﻜﺮﺍﺱ‪ ،‬ﻃﺤـﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻤـﻒ ﻧـﻮﺩ ‪ -٢٤‬ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -٢٥‬ﭘﺮﻭﺳـﺘﺎﺕ ‪ -٢٧ Penis -٢٦‬ﺍﺳـﻜﺮﻭﺗﻮﻡ ﻭ ‪testes‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠ Post meno Pausal Pelvis -٢٩ Female Pelvis -٢٨‬ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﻋــﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄــﻲ ‪ -٣١‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴــﺪ ‪ -٣٥ Chest -٣٤ Brest -٣٣ trans cranial -٣٢‬ﺗﻴﺮﻭﺋﻴــﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺮﻭﺋﻴــﺪ ﻭ ﻏــﺪﺩ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ‪ -٣٦‬ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ‪ Skeletal‬ﻭ ‪Pediactric Head -٣٧ Softtissue‬‬
‫‪ -٤١ ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous tissue Ablation -٤٠ Three dimensional ultrasound -٣٩ Ultrasoud Contrast agent -٣٨‬ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺪﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ‪ RUSR 2335‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪25.1 Diagnostic Ultrasound of Fetal Anomalies: Principles and Techniques (CD I,II‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ ٢‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻴﭙﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ، ٢‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪ Multiple Choice question‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ‪ ، Case‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ٢‬ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ CD‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬
‫‪ Head‬ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪Neural tube‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪Amniotic Fluid‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻜﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪Body wall‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪Umblical Cord‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺐ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪ Chest‬ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫)‪26.1 EBUS (Endo Bronchial Ultrasound‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪27.1 Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Radiology (Gregory G. Ginsberg, Michael L. Kochman‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬

‫‪Upper endoscopy‬‬ ‫‪Colonoscopy‬‬ ‫‪Endoscopiy‬‬

‫‪Contrast Radiology‬‬ ‫‪Clinical Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Abdomen‬‬ ‫‪Percutaneous Management of Biliary Obstruction‬‬
‫‪Endoscopic Retrograte Cholagiopancreatography‬‬ ‫‪Computed Tomography and Ultrasound of the Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Tract‬‬ ‫‪Endoscopic Ultrasound‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪28.1 Essentials of Radiology‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Case‬ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺗﻴﭙﻴﻚ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪Case‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﻮﻣﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻓﻮﺭﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪TB‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ ﺭﻳﻪ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ‪ RUQ‬ﺷﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ‪ RLQ‬ﺷﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ‪ LLQ‬ﺷﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺓ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﺷﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﻮﻣﻮﻛﻮﻧﻴﻮﺯ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪AIDS‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﮊﻧﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫‪obstetrics‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ‪Breast‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
‫)‪29.1 Exam Preparation for Diagnostic Ultrasound Abdomen and OB/GYN (RogerC. Sanders, Jann D. Dolk, Nancy Smith Miner‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪30.1 Image Data Bank RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY & POSITIONING (APPLETON & LANGE‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪31.1 Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy‬‬ ‫)‪(version 2.0‬‬ ‫)‪(Mosby‬‬ ‫‪1998‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ )ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴـﻚ‪ MRI ، CT Scan ،‬ﻭ ﺳـﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ( ﺁﺷـﻨﺎ ﺷـﻮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻳـﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧـﺎﺗﻨﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ negative ،‬ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺍﻳـﺔ‬
‫‪ ، note‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪32.1 Imaging of Diffuse Lung Disease (David A. Lynch, MB, John D. Newell Jr, MD, FCCP, Jin Seong Lee, MD‬‬ ‫‪1998‬‬
‫‪ CD‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١١‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺭﻳﻪ )‪ (DLN‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﻜﺲﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ )‪ MRI,CT-Xray‬ﻭ ‪ (....‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﺸـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ‪DLD‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ DLD‬ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ DLD‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ‪ X-Ray,CT‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻣﻔﻴﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﻮ ﺭﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Acrobat Reader‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻳﺪﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪33.1 Imaging of Spinal Trauma in Children (Lawrence R. Kuhns, M.D.) (University of Michigan Medical Center‬‬ ‫___‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Principles AND TECHNIQUES‬‬ ‫‪ATLAS OF SPINAL INJURIES IN CHILDREN‬‬
‫‪Epidemiology‬‬ ‫‪Normal Spine Variants and Anatomy‬‬ ‫‪Special Views and Techniques‬‬ ‫‪Cervcal Spine‬‬ ‫‪Lumbar Spine‬‬
‫‪Measurements‬‬ ‫‪Mechanisms and Patterns of Injury‬‬ ‫‪Experimental and Necropsy Data‬‬ ‫‪Thoracic Spine‬‬ ‫‪Sacrococcygeal Spine‬‬
‫‪Occipitocervical Injuries‬‬ ‫‪Thoracic Spine Injuries‬‬ ‫‪Sacral Injuries‬‬ ‫‪Lumbar‬‬
‫)‪34.1 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (Third Edition) (Dauld Stark, William Bradley‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ David Stark‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1. Generation and Manipulation of Magnetic Resonance Images‬‬ ‫‪2. Magnetic Resonance: Bioeffects and Safety‬‬
‫‪3. Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Rendering Technique‬‬ ‫‪4. Principles of Echo Planar Imaging: Implications for Musculoskeletal System‬‬
‫‪5. MR Imaging of Articular Cartilage and of Cartilage Degneration‬‬ ‫‪6. The Hip‬‬ ‫‪7. The Knee‬‬ ‫‪8. The Ankle and Foot‬‬
‫‪9. The Shoulder‬‬ ‫‪10. The Elbow‬‬ ‫‪11. The Wrist and hand‬‬ ‫‪12. The Temporomandibular Joint‬‬ ‫‪13. Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging 14. The Spine‬‬
‫‪15. Marrow Imaging 16. Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumors 17. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Muscle Injuries‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪6‬‬
‫)‪35.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Orthopedics and Sport Medicine (David W. Stoller‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ‪ MRI‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﭘﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺐ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪MRI‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪MRI‬‬ ‫‪ -١١‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ MRI‬ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪ -١٦‬ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ Echo-Planar‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ MRI -٧‬ﻋﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﮊﻧﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻀﺮﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ -١٢‬ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺭﺍﻥ )‪(Hip‬‬ ‫‪ MRI -١٧‬ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺯﺍﻧﻮ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻣﭻ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٣‬ﺷﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺁﺭﻧﺞ‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﻣﭻ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١٤‬ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﻮﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺪﻳﺒﻮﻻﺭ )‪(TMJ‬‬
‫‪Kinematic MRI -٥‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ -١٥‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ MRI‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪36.1 Mammography Diagnosis and Intervention‬‬ ‫)‪(Ralphl. Smathers, M.D.‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺧﻴﻢ ﻭ ‪Aggressive‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻭﻛﻴﺴﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺵﺧﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺗﻔﻜﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﺘﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪ Needle‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ(‬
‫)‪37.1 MR Angiography Thoracic Vessels (O. Ratib & D. Didier‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬
‫‪Methods & Techniques‬‬ ‫‪Aortic Aneurysms‬‬ ‫‪Aortic Arch Anomalies‬‬ ‫‪Aortic Arch Anomalies‬‬ ‫‪Aortic Coarcation‬‬
‫‪Aortitis‬‬ ‫‪Pulmonary astesies diseases‬‬ ‫‪Aequised venous diseases‬‬ ‫‪Congenital venous anomalies‬‬ ‫‪Miscellaneous‬‬
‫)‪38.1 MR Imagin Expert (Geir Torhim, Peter A. Rinck‬‬ ‫‪4th Edition‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬
‫"‪This version is a special adaptation for "Magnetic Resonance in Medicine The Basic Textbook of the European Magnetic Redonance Forum‬‬
‫)‪39.1 MRI of the BRAIN & SPINE (SCOT W. ATLAS) (LIPPINCOTT-ROVEN‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ‪ MRI‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ‪ ٣٢‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Imaging‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٤٠٠٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ MRI‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Sectional‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ )ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ +‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ +‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ (MRI‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﻳﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﺁﮔﺰﻳﺎﻝ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﺁﮔﺰﻳﺎﻝ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻮﺭﻳﺴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻳﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻔﺎﺭﻛﺘﻮﺱ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻳﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﻛﻮﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪ Aging‬ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺩﮊﻧﺮﺍﻳﺘﻮ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺗﻮﺭﺳﻴﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻼﺭ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﺭﺑﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﮊﻧﺮﺍﻳﺘﻮ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻣﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺨﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺨﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪40.1 MRI der Extremitaten‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪41.1 Normal Findings in CT and MRI (Torsten B Moeller, Emil Reif) (Thieme‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪20.3 Obstetric Ultrasound Principles and Techniques‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ‪ CNS‬ﻭ ‪Body‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ FL . BPD‬ﻭ ‪ AC‬ﻭ ‪ HC‬ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻭ ﺁﺩﻧﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺒﺮﻳﻮ ﻭ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺯﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ Gs‬ﻭ ‪ CRL‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ FL‬ﻭ ‪ AC‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺁﻣﻨﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ )ﻣﻌﺪﻩ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ‪(........‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺭﻛﺘﻮﺱ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻑ )‪(Cord Insertion‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻻﻧﻪﮔﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻛﻮﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻼﻧﺘﺎﭘﺮﻭﻳﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻟﻜﻴﻨﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ Case Study‬ﻭ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪) BPP‬ﺑﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ(‬
‫‪42.1 PEDIATRIC GASTROINTESTINAL IMAGING AND INTERVENTION‬‬ ‫)‪(Second Edition‬‬ ‫)‪(DAVID A. STRINGER, PAUL S. BABYN, MDCM‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪43.1 Peripheral Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Interactive Atlas A CD-ROM (J. E. Cabay, B. Daenen) (R. F. Dondelinger‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ MusculoSkeletal‬ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻴﭙﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﻮﺝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (Quiz‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ :General‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪item‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻟﻴﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺭﺱ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﻫﻴﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٧‬ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻭ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻋﺮﻭﻕ‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﻋﺼﺐ‬ ‫‪ -١٠‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ :Region‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪item‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪8- Wrist‬‬ ‫‪7- Shoulder‬‬ ‫‪6- Knee‬‬ ‫‪5- Hip‬‬ ‫‪4- Hand‬‬ ‫‪3- Foot‬‬ ‫‪2- Elbow‬‬ ‫‪1- Ankle‬‬
‫‪44.1 Principles of MRI‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪45.1 Quality Management in the Imaging sciences‬‬ ‫)‪(Jeery Papp) (Mosby‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪46.1 RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY‬‬ ‫‪Interactive Tutorial on Normal Radiology‬‬ ‫)‪(UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﻼ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪ (Lower Extremity‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﺘـﺎﻧﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ، CD‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ )ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ( ‪ Click‬ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ Click‬ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ(‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺩﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻪ ﻋـﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ Icon‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻋﻀـﻮ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺁﮔـﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (Self evaluation‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ، CD‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ‪) Imaging‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ‪ ، Plain Film‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴـﻚ‪ MRI ، CTScan ،‬ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪ Imaging‬ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ : hCD‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ‪ CD‬ﺩﺭ ‪ CD-ROM‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﺘﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ Autoplay menu‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ‪ my computer‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ‪ CD-ROM‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﺳـﺖﻛﻠﻴـﻚ ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨـﺔ ‪ Open‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺨـﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻱ *‪ ، Setup‬ﺩﺍﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ radiologic Anatomy installation‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﻓﺮﺽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ OK‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻴﻐـﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ‪CD‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪ OK‬ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ Start‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Program‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ radilogic Anatomy‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ‪icon‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ )‪ (ssetup.apm ، setup.cfg ، ssetup ، Setup.‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻄﻔﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ setup.exe‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪47.1 Radiology Image Bank: Orthopedic Radiology‬‬ ‫)‪(International Medical Multimedia‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪48.1 Radiology on CD-ROM Diagnosis, Imaging, Intervention (Juan M. Taveras, MD, Joseph T. Ferrucci, MD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2001‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ، CD‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Tavers‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Pulmonary‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Vascular‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Gastrointestinal‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Genitourinary‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫‪Breast Imaging -٧‬‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Cardiac‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٠‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Adbomen‬‬ ‫‪ -١١‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Skeletal‬‬

‫)‪49.1 REVIEW FOR THE Radiography Examination (A & LERT) (McGrow-Hill's‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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50.1 Teaching Atlas of Mammography (Laszlo Tabar, Peter B. Dean) (Thieme) ‫ــــــ‬
51.1 The Basics of MRI of NMR (Joseph P. Hornak, Ph.D.) ‫ــــــ‬
52.1 The Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging from NICER ‫ــــــ‬
53.1 THE MRI TEACHING FILE (Robert B. Lufkin, William G. Bradley, Jr., Michael Brant-Zawadzki) 2001

‫ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬.‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬Case ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ‬MRI ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ‬Case ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬CD
:‫ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬Case
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ Case ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ٢٠١ ‫ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬ ١٠٢ ‫ ﻣﻐﺰ‬MRA ١٠ ‫ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬ ١٠٠
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ١٠٠ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ‬ ١٠٠ ‫ﺗﻨﻪ‬ ١٠٢ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﻠﺒﻲﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‬ ١٠٤
‫ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ١٠٠ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺗﻴﻔﻜﺖﻫﺎ‬ ١٠٠
54.1 THE RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA High-Resolution CT of the Lung II (DAVID A. LYNCH, MD) (NUMBER 1 VOLUME 40) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺭﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬HRCT ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬The Radiologic clinics of North America ‫ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺟﻠﺪ ﭼﻬﻠﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺸﻜﺘﺎﺯﻱ‬Air Way ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬CT Scan - Peripheral Airways ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬HRCT - ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻔﻴﺰﻡ‬CT Scan - ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬HRCT ‫ ﻧﻘﺶ‬-
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺭﻳﻪ‬HRCT ‫ ﻧﻘﺶ‬- Drug-Induced ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ‬HRCT - Non-TB ‫ ﻭ‬TB ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬CT Scan - ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺒﻮﺁﻣﺒﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ‬CT Scan -
‫( ﺭﻳﻪ‬quantitative) ‫ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻲ‬CT - ‫ ﻧﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ‬-
55.1 THE RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Imaging of Musculoskeletal and Spinal Infections 1999
• PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
1. Epidemiology 3. Normal Spine Variants and Anatomy 5. Measurements 7. Sacral Injuries 9- Mechanisms and Patterns of Injury
2. Thoracic Spine Injuries 4. Experimental and Necropsy Data 6. Special Views and Techniwques 8. Occipitocervical Injuries
• ATLAS OF SPINE INJURIES IN CHILDREN
1. Cervcal Spine 2. Thoracic Spine 3. Lumbar Spine 4. Sacrococcygeal Spine
56.1 THE RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Pediatric Musuloskeletal Pediatric Radiology (SALEKAN E-BOOK) (James S. Meyer, MD) 2001
:‫ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
y Ultrasound in Padiatric Musculoskeletal Disease: Teachinques and Applications y Nuclear Medicnine Topics in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Disease: Teachinques and Applications
y Imaging of Musculoskeletal Infections y Malignant and Benign Bone Tumors y Magnetic Rsonance Imaging of Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Mass y Imaging of Pediatric Hip Disorder
y Imaging of Pediatric Foot Disorder in Children y Imaging of Sports Injuries in Children and Adolescents y A Pragmatic Approach to the Radiologic Diagnosis of Pediatric Syndromes and Skeletal Dysplasias
y The Orthopedists Perspective: Bone Tumors, Scoliosis, and Trauma y Imaging of Crowth Distubance in Children y Imaging of Child Abuse
57.1 THE RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Update on Nuclear Medicine ‫ــــــ‬
58.1 THE RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Update on Ultrasonography (FAYE C. LAING, MD) (W.B. SAUNDERS COMPABY) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬The Radiologic Clinics Of North America ‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ‬٣٩ ‫ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺟﻠﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺭﻭﺯ‬-١ ‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﺪ‬-٢ ‫( ﺗﺤﺖ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬intervention) ‫ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬-٣
‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬-٤ ‫ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ‬-٥ ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﺎﻝ‬-٦
Breast ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬-٧ Gynecology ‫ ﻭ‬Obstetric ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ‬-٨ Gynecologic ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬-٩
‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻉ ﺑﻄﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻱ‬-١٠ ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬-١١ ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ‬-١٢
59.1 Ultrasound Atlas of Vascular Diseases (Carol A. Krebs, RT, RDMS, Vishan L. Giyanani, , Ronald L. Eisenberg) (APPLETON & LANGE Stamford, Connecticut) (SALEKAN E-Book) ‫ــــــ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪60.1‬‬ ‫)‪Ultrasound Teaching Manual The basics of Performing and Interpreting Ultrasound Scans (Matthias Hofer) (With the collaboration of Tatjana Reihs) (Thieme‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪61.1 Uterosalpingography in Gynecology Hysterospingography (Salekan E-Book‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪62.1 VOXEL-MAN 3D-Navigator Brain and Skull (Regional, Functional, and Radiological Anatomy) (IMDM university Hospital Eppendorf,‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪Humburg‬‬ ‫)‪(Springer‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ ‪ Interactive‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ CD‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ( ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ :١-١ :‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪ Ventricol‬ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪ horizontal‬ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ : ٢-١‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٩‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪ ١٨٠o‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ٣-١‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٢‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ Coronal‬ﻭ ‪ Sagittal‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﺳﺘﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻩ(‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻣﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ( ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -٢-١‬ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ(‬ ‫‪ -١-١‬ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ‪CT‬‬
‫‪ -٤-١‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻛﺒﺪ‬ ‫‪ -٣-١‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ CT‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ -٤-٢‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ X-ray‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٣-٢‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ X-ray‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫‪ -٢-٢‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ X-ray‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪ -١-٢‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ X-ray‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﻔﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪X-ray‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙﺩﺍﺭﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ Zoom‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﺯﺑـﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻤـﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﮕــﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺨــﺶﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺗﺼــﺎﺋﻴﺮ ﺑﺼــﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪Intractive‬‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪63.1‬‬ ‫)‪VOXEL-MAN 3D-Navigator Inner Organs (Regional, Systemic and Radiological Anatomy) (IMDM university Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪64.1 Whole Body Computed Tomography (Second Edition) (Otto H. Wegener) (Blackwell Science‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪ CT Scan‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻳﺎﻱ ‪ CT Scan‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳـﺖ ﻛﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ‪CT Scan‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ‪ CT Scan‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪CT Scan‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺯﻥ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺎﺳﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﺓ ﺭﺗﺮﻭﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺪﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺐ )ﭘﻠﻮﺭ(‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﮕﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻧﻜﺮﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﺓ ﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪CT‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻭﺯﻳﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺞ ﻧﺮﻡ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﮔﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺣﻠﻖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫)‪Advanced Rhinoplasty Techniques Cosmetic Rhinoplasty (Rollin K. Daniel, M.D.‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪Analysis, Marking & Anesthesia, Closed/Open Approach, Septum Exposure, Exposure & Dorsal Reduction,‬‬ ‫& ‪Caudal Septum Resection, Ideal Profile Line, Open Approach, Tip Analysis, Septoplasty‬‬
‫‪Septal Harvest, Grafts, Spreaser Grafts, Grural Strut, Tip Suture Technique, Closure, Nostril Sill Alar Wedge, Composite Graft, Lateral Osteotomy, Final Steps, Acknowledgments‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪Advanced Therapy of OTITIS MEDIA‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬
‫‪3.2‬‬ ‫)‪Atlas D'ORL Realise avec la collaboration des (Dr Michel Boucherat, Dr Jean-Robert Blondeau‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪-Anatomie de l’oreille normale - Images pathologiques‬‬ ‫‪- Cas cliniques‬‬ ‫‪-Anatomie naso-sinusienne normale‬‬
‫‪-Images pathologiques‬‬ ‫‪- Cas cliniques‬‬ ‫‪- Rappels des principes de la TDM et de l’IRM‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪4.2‬‬ ‫)‪Atlas of Rhinoplasty Open and Endonasal Approaches (Gilbert Aiach, M.D‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫‪5.2‬‬ ‫)‪Atlas of Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology (TEXTBOOK) (Byron J. Bailey, Karen H. Calhoun, Amy R. Coffey, J. Gail Neely‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪1- Atlas :‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ ٢٥‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪- Head & Neck Surgery :‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٦‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ٦ .‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪• Salivary Gland‬‬ ‫‪• Nose & maxilla‬‬ ‫‪• Oral Clarity‬‬ ‫‪• Ear‬‬ ‫‪• Neck & Larynx‬‬ ‫‪• Thyroid & Parathyroid‬‬
‫‪- Otologic procedures‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪• Middle Ear and Ossicular Chain‬‬ ‫‪• Tran temporal Skull Base‬‬ ‫‪• Congenital Aural Base‬‬
‫‪- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery :‬‬
‫‪• Larygoplasty, Rhytidectomy, Rhinoplasty‬‬ ‫‪• Mandibular Surgery, Local & Regional Flaps,‬‬ ‫‪• Excision of skin Lesions‬‬
‫‪- Pediatric and General Otolaryngology‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪• Frontal Sinus‬‬ ‫‪• Nasal Polypectomy‬‬ ‫‪• Ton Sillectomy‬‬
‫‪2- Bilbo Med Medline :.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‬
‫‪3- Head & Neck Surgery:‬‬
‫‪- Textbook‬‬ ‫‪- Drug Reference‬‬
‫‪- Textbook :‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١٨٠‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ‪Bailey‬‬
‫‪1- Basic Science / General Medicine‬‬ ‫‪ ٤‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪2- Head & Neck :‬‬ ‫)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﮔﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﻥ(‬
‫‪3- Otology‬‬
‫‪4- Facial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery‬‬
‫‪- Drug Reference :‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﮊﻧﻮﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ) ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﻣﺎﻛﻮﻛﺴﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﻭ‪(.....‬‬
‫)‪6.2 Causes of FAILURE in STAPES SURGERY (VCD I) (Howard P. House, TED N. Steffen‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪PITFALLS in STAPES SURGERY (VCD II‬‬
‫)‪STAPEDECTOMY (Prefabricated Wire-Loop and Gelfoam Technique) (VCD III‬‬
‫)‪7.2 Chirurgia Endoscopica Dei Seni Paranasali (A Cura di E. Pasquini G. Farneti‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪1. Principi di anatomia endoscopica‬‬ ‫‪2. Tecnica chirurgica‬‬ ‫‪3. Aspetti radiologici‬‬
‫‪8.2 Color Atlas of Diagnostic Endoscopy in Otorhinolaryngolgy‬‬ ‫)‪(EIJI YANAGISAWA, MD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪9.2 Color Atlas of Ear Disease‬‬ ‫)‪(Salekan E-book) (Richard A. Chole, MD, PhL, James W. Forsen‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫)‪10.2 Cobblation Assisted Tonsillectomy (CAT) __ Cobblation Assisted Procedures (VCD) (CD I , II‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ١‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﻴﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Coblation‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ VCD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- Subtotal Cololation Assisted tonsillectomy‬‬ ‫‪2- Lop – off "CAT" technique‬‬ ‫‪3- Coblation Assisted tonsilectomg‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ٢‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Coblation‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ ENT‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻓﺮﻛﻮﺋﻨﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﭘﻼﺳـﻤﺎ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻴـﺰﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻓﺮﻛﻮﺋﻨﺴﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻲﻫﻮﺷﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ recovery‬ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻮﺳـﺘﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻄﺔ ‪ ENT‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- Coblation channeling of the inferior turbinate‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﭙﺮﺗﺮﻭﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ‪ Channeling‬ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻳﺪﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﻲﺩﺭﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪2- Coblation channeling of the Soft palate‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ‪ Channeling‬ﻛﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺧﺮﺧﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪3- Coblation channeling of the tonsil‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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.‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﻲﻫﻮﺷﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬bulk ‫ ﻫﻴﭙﺮﺗﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﻴﻠﺮ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
4- Coblation Assisted Tonsillectomy(CAT)
.‫ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻻ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺩﺭﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬.‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﻴﻠﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﻴﻠﻜﺘﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
11.2 DALLAS RHINOPLASTY Nasal Surgery by the Masters (Reducing Tip Projection and Nostrill Show Via the Open Approach) (CD I , II) 2002
VCD: 1 VCD: 2
1) Cadaveric Rhinoplasty Dissection Technique Reducing Tip Projection and Nostril Show Via the Open Approach
2) Role of Component Dorsal Reduction: Spreader Grafts in the Deviated Nose
:‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬،‫ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﭙﻮﺯﻳﻮﻡ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﻻﺱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬١ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬VCD ‫ﺩﺭ‬
1) Exposure/Nasal incisions 2) Tip Alteration 3) Sptal reconstraction 4) Osteotmies 5) Adjuctive techniques/Closure
A. Closed endonasal approach A. Columellar Stat placement A. Septal reconstraction A. Medial Osteotomy A. Alare base resection
- Intracartilaginous (IC) - Intercarural suture stabilization - Inferior tarbinate resection B. Lateral Osteotomy - Correction of alalr flaring
incision B. Controlling dome angalation (Submacosal) C. External Osteotomy - Diminishing nostril shape
B. Cartilage delivery technique and tip defining points - Septal reconstruction B. Closare
- Infracartilaginous incision - Interdomal sutures B. Modification of the dorsum C. Splints
- Intercartilaginous incision - Transdomal Satares - Component dorsum
C. Open Rhinoplasty approach C. Correction of alar reduction
- Transcolumellar incision pinching/notching - Spreader graft placement
- lateral crural strut grafts
- Alar contour grafts
D. Tip grafts
- Infratip graft
- Onlay tip graft
‫ ﺑـﻪ‬Gunter ‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺩﻛﺘـﺮ‬VCD ‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬Open ‫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﻭﭺ‬Gunter ‫ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬nostril show , Projected tip ‫ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ‬٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬VCD ‫ﺩﺭ‬
.‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﺯﻭﻧﺎﺷﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻱ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬
4) Transaction of lat Crura 3) Underminig tip Skin 2) Infracartilaginous and trans columellar incisions 1)Complete transfixion incision
8) Reduction of dorsal septum (DS) and upper lateral cartilage (ULC) 7) reduction of bony darsum (BD) 6) Preparing submucosal tunnels 5) Resection of feet of medial crura
12) Cephalic resection of lateral Crura (LC) 11) Spreader grafts 10) Medial asteomius 9) Harvesting Septal cartilages for grafting
16) Final adjustment of dorsal height 15) Lateral asteotomy Cinternal 14) Aligning the dorsum 13) Preparation for lateral crural grafts (LCSG)
19) Closure 18) Placement of lateral crural strut grafts 17) Columellar strt placemend
!!‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻳﺪﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬VCD ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬
12.2 EENT Welch Allyn Institute of Interactive Learning ‫ــــــ‬
13.2 Endoscopic Assisted Procedures used in Astatic Facial Plastic Surgery (VCD) (CD I , II) ‫ــــــ‬

‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻗـﺪﻡ‬.‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﻣﺎﻻﺭﻭﻓﺮﻭﻧﺘﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺩﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻝ ﺍﺷﺘﻮﺭﺗﺰ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬VCD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‬Endoscopic forehead rhytidectomy and brow elevation ‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬Grlecory S. Keller ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬.‫( ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬closure) ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺵﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
Extended Composite face Lift Endoscopic midface Lift Endoscopic forehead Lift :‫ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬Endoscopic assisted forehead and face lifting ‫ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬VCD ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬.‫ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ( ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬٢) ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬

14.2 Diseases of the Sinuses Diagnosis and Management (Darid W. Kennedy, MD, FRCSI, William E. Bolger, MD, FACS, S. James Zinreich, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
.‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺯﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬2001 ‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪﻛﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ‬text book ، CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
15.2 Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (SALEKAN-eBook) ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﺪﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﺪﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫( ﺑـﻪ‬Atlas and textbook) ‫ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻧﺪﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻧﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻭ ﮔـﺮﺍﻑ‬.‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻳﺴﻜﺸﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
1- Consistent and Relible Anatomical Landmarks in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery 2- Surgical Instrumentation 3- Setup and patient positioning 4- Basic Dissection 5- Advanced Dissection
16.2 ENDONASAL SINUSECTOMY WITH CORRECTION OF THE NASAL CAVITY (Rikio Ashikawe, Takashi Ohmae, Toshio Ohnisshi, Yutaka Uchida) ‫ــــــ‬
The Endonasal sinusectomy with correction of the nasal cavity (Takahash's methodn) is carried out in seven steps.
17.2 Endoscopic Sinus Surgery NEW HORIZONS (Nikhil J. Bhatt, M.D.) ‫ــــــ‬
18.2 EVIDENCE-BASED OTITIS MEDIA (Richard M. Rosenfeld, MD, MPH, Charles D. Bluestone, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳـﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺁﻥ‬،‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬،‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬،‫ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺷﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﺗﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬.‫ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﺗﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬

1- Methodology 2- Clinical Management 3- Consequences and Sequelae

19.2 Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (Terence M. Davidson, MD) (VCD I , II) ‫ــــــ‬
20.2 Facial Nerve Surgery (Jack L. Pulec, M.D.) Otologic Medical Group, Inc. Los Angeies ‫ــــــ‬
21.2 Head and Neck Surgery (Jatin P Shah, MD, MS (Surg), FACS) (Mosby) ‫ــــــ‬
22.2 Introduction to Ear Acupuncture (Martin Franke) 2001
‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻃـﺐ‬.‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‬Thieme ‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﻚ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‬... ‫ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﺎﺭ ﻭ‬،‫ ﺳﺮﮔﻴﺠﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ‬،‫ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﻥ‬
1- Localization Assignment 2- Localization Determination 3- Treatment 4- Evaluation

23.2 La Rhinoplastica Ragionata (Valerio Micheli-Pellegrini, Roberto Polselli) ‫ــــــ‬

24.2 Nasal Aesthetics and Anatomy: A Cadaver Study (Rollin K. Daniel, M.D.) ‫ــــــ‬
25.2 Open Tip Graft in Twin Patient (Rollin K. Daniel, M.D.) ‫ــــــ‬
Analysis, Operative Planning, Twins Pre and Post, Anesthesia, Transfixion Incision, Septal Harvest, Open Approach, Exposure, Tip Anatomy, Tim Strips, Graft Preparation, Radix Graft, Crural Strut,
Domal Excision, Graft, Shaping, Graft, Insertion, Closure, Post Op Result, Credits
26.2 OPEN RHINOPLASTY Cadaver Dissection Program (Dean M. Toriumi, MD.) (Vol I , II) (College of Medicine at Chicago) ‫ــــــ‬
1- Access to nasal Septum 3- Open Rhinoplasty approach 5- Management of Middle Nasal Vault 7- Management of Lower third of the nose
- Hemitrans Fixatu incision - Incisions - Division of apper Lateral Cartilages from septum - Cephalic trimming of lateral Crura
- Havvestiong Septal Cartilage - Flap Elevation - Application of Spreader grafts - Satured – in – place Collamellar Strut
- Transdomal Sutur
- Sutured – in – place tip
2- Havvestiog of Conchal Cartilage 4- Stractural grafts used in Secondary 6- Major septal reconstruction 8- Chin augmentation
- Anterior approach for harvestiog Cartilage - loteral Crural grafts - Reconstraction of L-Shaped Septal Strat - Preparation of the implant
- Flap elevention - Alar Batten grafts - Incision and dissection
- Cartilage excision - placement of Implant
- Closure and dressing
27.2 Open Structure Rhinoplasty (A Case Oriented Approach) 2005

28.2 Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (SIXTEENTH EDITION) (James B, Snow Jr, MD, John Jacob Ballenger, MD,) 2003
Otology and Neurotology Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Pediatric Otolaryngology Rhinology Bronchoesphagology Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫)‪29.2 Plastic Surgery (Fifth Edition) (Grabb and Smith's) (Salekan E-Book‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٩٢‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٧‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ General Reconstruction :‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺯﺧﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺁﻧﺸﺮﻱ‪ ، implants ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ flap‬ﻭ ‪ graft‬ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ Moths‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ )ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺩﻓﺮﻳﺘﻤﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻮﭘﻼﺳﻤﻲ ‪ Reconstruction ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺵ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻟﺐ ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ ، dermabrasion, peeling) :‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻛﻼﮊﻥ ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﭙﻮﺳﺎﻛﺸﻦ‪ (...endoscopic plastic surgery ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻲ ‪ breast‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻴﺤﻴﺤﻲ ﮊﻳﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‪ Reconstruction ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭ ‪.....‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﮊﻧﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﺳﭙﺎﺩﻳﺎﺱ ﻭ ‪ Reconstruction of peni‬ﻭ‪....‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ Fitzpatrick‬ﻭ ‪ Goldman‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪ Alster‬ﺳﻪ ﺗﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩ ﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ‪ rejuvenation‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪30.2 Primary Rhinoplasty (Bahman Guyuron, MD, FACS, Cleveland, Ohio) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ VCD‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻏﻴﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Ohio‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﻭﺝ ‪ Open‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ Case‬ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻏﻴﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﺯﻭﻓﺎﺷﻴﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﺮ )ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ ﺗﻮﭘﻴﻜﺎﻝ( ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ )ﭘﺎﻧﺴﻤﺎﻥ( ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻳـﺪﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫‪ VCD‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻛﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪31.2 RHINOPLASTY‬‬ ‫)‪A Practical Guide to functional and asthetic surgery of the nose (G. J. Nolst‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻧﻮﻟﺴﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺸﻨﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ( )ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﻲﻫﻮﺷﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ( ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻮﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ ‪ tip‬ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﻮﻧﻜﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ )ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻮﻣﻼ( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﭘﺮﻭﭺ ‪ open‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ text‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ : Basic Knowledge -‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺋﻲﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ‪ Pre-op‬ﻭ ‪ Post-op‬ﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Operative techniques -‬ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﻮﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺳـﭙﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻲ ﻭ ‪ turbinate surgery‬ﮔﺮﺍﻓـﺖﻫـﺎ‪ ،Spreadergrafs modified zplasty-Nasalvalve surgery ،‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ‪ osseocartileginous‬ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻲ ‪، external rhinoplasty ، Open‬‬
‫‪ Wedgeresection in alar base surgery‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Capita selecta -‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ rhinosurgery ، augmentation rhinoplasty ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ‪ Revision surgery ،‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ Pverprojected nasel tip. Saddle nose‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ Video gallery‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﭘﺮﻭﭺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ )ﺍﻛﺴﺘﺮﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ‪ ( ...‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺌﻮﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ‪ Conchal Cartilage harvesting‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪32.2 RHINOPLASTY‬‬ ‫‪GOLDMAN TECHNIQUE‬‬ ‫)‪(ROBERT L. SIMONS, MD., NORTH MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA) (VCD) (CD I , II‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ VCD‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ tip‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ )‪ (tip plasty‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﮔﻠﺪﻣﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫‪ Case‬ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ ٢٧‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻲﻫﻮﺷﻲ ‪ Stand by‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ projected tip‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻧﺎﺯﻭﻓﺎﺷﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪33.2 Rhinoplasty The American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (CD I, II) (E. Gaylon McCollough, M.D.) (the St. Louis Aging Face Symposium‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ )‪ (E. Gaglon McCollough M.D.‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﭙﻮﺯﻳﻮﻡ ‪ Aging Face‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺴﺎﻝ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﻲﻫﻮﺷﻲ ‪ Stand by‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﭘﺮﻭﭺ ‪ Closed‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ tip plasty‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ tip‬ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ rotation‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ delivery‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻑﻫﺎﻱ ‪ LLC‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ‪ Alar base resection‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﺴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﻟﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪34.2 RHINOPLASTY DOUBLE DOME UNIT (CD I , II) (E. Gaylon McCollough MD, Birmingham, Albama‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ‪ E. Gaglon MC Collouch‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺮﻣﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ‪ tip‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪ Double Dome Unit‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ‪ management‬ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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35.2 Rhinoplasty The Overly Projected Nasal Tip (Trent W. Smith, M.D.F.A.C.S.) ‫ــــــ‬
،‫ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ‬tip ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﻳﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﻭﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺘﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬.‫ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬tip ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺣﻠﻖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﻫﺎﻳﻮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
36.2 SURGERY of the EAR (Fifth Edition) (Glasscock-Shambaugh) (Michael E. Glasscock III, MD, FACS, Aina Julianna Gulya, MD) 2003
:‫ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬CD ‫ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﭙﻮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫( ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬2003) ‫ ﺍﻭﻳﺸﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺷﺎﻣﭙﻮـ ﮔﻼﺳﻜﻮ‬textbook . CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
1- Scientific Foundations 3- Clinical Evaluation 5- Fundametals of Otologic/Neurotologic Surgery 7- Surgery of the External Ear
2- Surgery of the Tympanomastoid Compartment 4- Surgery of the Inner Ear 6- Surgery of the IAC/CPA/Petrous Apex 8- Surgery of the Skull Base
37.2 The MEDPOR Lower Eyelid Spacer (James Patrinely, M.D.F.A.C.S., and Charles N.S. Soparkar, M.D., Ph.D.) (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬

.‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﭘﻮﺭ ﭘﻠﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﺗﺮﻳﻨﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﺭﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬VCD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
3) Medpore biomaterial 2) Addressing and management potential Complications 1) Introduction and Surgical technique
- managing winging are edge flare - Cartilage grafts
- managing ridging - Non-rigid spacer grafts (hard Patale/Sclera,dermis)
- managing under correction - Medpore Lower Lid Advantages
- managing overcorrection
- managing implant exposure
- managing entropion
- managing entropion
- Implant exchange
38.2 The MEDPOR Nasal Shell Implant (Paul O'Keefe, M.B, B.S., (SYD), F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S.) (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬
39.2 VCD Journal of ENT APPROACH VESTIBULAR NEURECTOMY-TRANSTEMPORAL SUPRALABYRINTHINE APPROACH ‫ــــــ‬
MICROSURGERY OF THE SKULL BASE TRANSOTIC APPROACH ACOUSTIC NEUROMA (Prof. U. Fisch Zurich) (VCD#2)
40.2 VCD Journal of ENT INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA APPROACH TYPE C (Prof. U. Fisch Zurich) (VCD#4) ‫ــــــ‬
41.2 VCD Journal of ENT INFRATFMPORAL FOSSA APPROACH GLOMUS TEMPORALE TUMOR (Prof. U. Fisch Zurich) (VCD#1) ‫ــــــ‬
42.2 VCD Journal of ENT MICROSURGERY OF THE SKULL BASE TRANSOTIC APPROACH ACOUSTIC NEUROMA-INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA APRROACH TYPE C (Prof. U. Fisch Zurich) (VCD#3) ‫ــــــ‬
43.2 VJGS Invited Presentation: Thyroidectomy (Jon A. van Heerden, ND) ‫ــــــ‬
44.2 San Diego Classics in Soft Tissue & Cosmetic Surgery Rhinoplasty (Part 1-6) (Richard C. Webster, MD, Terence M. Davidson, Alan M. Nahum)

‫ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬-٣

CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

1.3 Abdominal Colposacropexy and Vaginal Sacropinus Suspension (Harold P. Drutz MD FRCS (C) (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬
2.3 Adapted form Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 2/e (Carolyn Jarvis, RN, C, MSN, FNP) (W.B. Saunders Company) (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬
3.3 Advanced Colposcopy: Understanding Vessel Patterns (Dorothy M. Babo, MD) (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬

:‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻮﻟﭙﻮﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬:‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬VJOG ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ‬
.‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﻜﺲ‬-٢ ‫ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬-١
‫( ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺁﺧـﺮ‬.....‫ ﻛﺮﺍﺗﻴﻦ ﻭ‬،‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﻛﻮﺱ‬
.‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻟﭙﻮﺳﻜﻮﭖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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4.3 Advanced Therapy of BRAST DISEASE (S. Eva Singletry, MD, Geoffrey L. Robb, MD) 2000
5.3 American Cancer Society Atlas of Clinical Oncology (Cancer of the Female Lowe Genital Tract) (Patricia J. Eifel, M.D. Charles Levenback, M.D.) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 2001

Cervix ‫ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ‬.‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬،‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
.‫ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
17- Chemotherapy in Curative 9- Surgical Treatment of Invasive Cervical
13- Surgery for Vulvar Cancer 5- Diagnostic Imaging 1- Epidemiology
Management Cancer
10- Radiation Therapy for Invasive
18- Post-treatment Surveillance 14- Radiation Therapy for Vulvar Cancer 6- Screening for Neoplasms 2- Pathology
Cervical Cancer
11-Radical Management of Recurrent 7-Treatment of Squamous 3- Molecular Biology
19- Palliative Care 15- Acute Effects of Radiation Therapy
Cervical Cancer Intraepithelial Lesions
16- Late Complications of Pelvic 4- Anatomy and Natural
12- Management of Vaginal Cancer 8- Invasive Carcinoma of the Cervix
Radiation Therapy History
6.3 Atlas of Clinical oncology Breast Cancer (American Cancer Society ) (David J Winchester, MD, David P Winchester, MD) 2000
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
yGenetics, Natural History, and DNA-Based Genetic Counseling in Hereditary Brast Cancer y Breast Cancer Risk and Management: Chemoprevention, Surgery, and Surveillance
y Screening and Diagnostic Imaging yImaging-Directed y Breast Biopsy yHistophathology of Malignant Breast Disease yUnusual Breast Pathology y Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Breast Cancer
y Surgical Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ yEvaluation and Surgical Management of Stage I and II Breast Cancer y Locally Advanced Breast Cancer y Breast Reconstruction
7.3 ATLAS OF ENDOSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN GYNECOLOGY (First Edition) (Jeffrey M. Goldberg, MD, Tommaso Falcone, MD) (©W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia) 2001
:‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
1- Instrumentation and Pelvic Anatomy 5- Patient Preparation 8- Tubal Surgery
2- Surgery for Pelvic Support 6- Surgery for Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain 9- New Procedures
3- Ovarian Surgery 7- Complications 10- Uterine Surgery
4- Hysteroscopic Surgery
8.3 Atlas of Gynecologic Surgery (3rd edition) (H.A. Hirsch, M.D., O. Käser, M.D., F.A. Iklé, M.D.) (Thieme) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) ‫ــــــ‬
9.3 Atlas of Transvaginal Surgery (Second Edition) (©W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia) (VCD) 2001
- Prolene sling in the treatment of stress incontinence - Fibro-fatty labial flap (Martius Flat) for vaginal reconstruction - Transvaginal hysterectomy for severe prolapse
- Transvaginal repair of enterocele and vault prolapse - Transvaginal repair of vesico-vaginal fistula using a peritoneal flap - Transvaginal repair of grade IV cystocele
- Excision of urethral diverticula - Transvaginal repair of posterior vaginal wall prolapse
10.3 COLPOSCOPY an Interactive CD-ROM (Thomas V. Sedlacek, MD, Charles J. Dunton, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
11.3 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Patient Evaluation for Non-Cardiac Surgery and Gynecology and Urology (Michael K. Rees, MD, MPH) ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬.‫ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬CD .‫ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Harvard ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬CD ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬CCC
‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﭼـﺎﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬.‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
Male impotence ‫ ﻋﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ‬-٣ .(AUB) ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺣﻢ‬-٢ ‫ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ( ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‬-١
12.3 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Gynecology (Michael, Isaac Schiff, Keith, Thomas, Annekathryn) ‫ــــــ‬
13.3 Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology (James R. Scott) (9 Edition) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 2003
14.3 Diagnosis of Benign Breast Disease (Dorothy M. Barbo, MD) (VCD) Submitted Subject The Limits of Laparoscopy: Diapharbmatic Endometriosis (David B. Redwine, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
.‫( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Video Journal ob/Gyn) VJOG ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ‬
‫ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺵﺧﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﺧﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ‬.١
.‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻣﺘﺮﻳﻮﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﺤﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٢ ‫ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ‬.٢ .‫ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Solid ‫ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ‬Cyst ‫ ﻭ‬nipple discharge ، Mastodynia

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪15.3 Endoscopic Surgery for Gynecologists‬‬ ‫)‪(Suttond & diamond) (second Edition‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪16.3 Handbook of disease of the breast (Second Edition‬‬ ‫)‪(Michael Dixon, Richarc Sainsbury) (Salekan E-book‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪17.3 INTERACTIVE COLOR GUIDES Obstetrics Gynecology Neonatology (David James, Mary Pillai, Janice Rymer, Andrew N. J. Fish, Warren Hye‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪1. Normal Infant‬‬ ‫‪3. Birth Trauma‬‬ ‫‪5. Deformations‬‬ ‫‪7. Iatrogenic Lesions‬‬ ‫‪9. Skin Disorders‬‬
‫‪2. Congennital Abnormalities‬‬ ‫‪4. Syndromes‬‬ ‫‪6. Infection‬‬ ‫‪8. Surgical Problems‬‬ ‫‪10. Low-Birth-Weight Infants‬‬

‫?‪18.3 LAVM: Our First one Hundred Cases; What have We Learned‬‬ ‫)‪(Dr G. F. Stohs, MD & Dr. L. P. Johonson, MD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻫﻴﺴﺘﺮﻛﺘﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻮﺭﺑﻴﺪﻳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺗﺎﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪Nine Month Miracle (A.D.A.M. Software, Inc.‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪19.3‬‬
‫‪1. Anatomy‬‬ ‫‪2. The Family Album‬‬ ‫‪3. A Child's View of Pregnancy‬‬
‫‪20.3 Obstetric Ultrasound Principles and Techniques‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ‪ CNS‬ﻭ ‪Body‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ FL . BPD‬ﻭ ‪ AC‬ﻭ ‪ HC‬ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻭ ﺁﺩﻧﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺒﺮﻳﻮ ﻭ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺯﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ Gs‬ﻭ ‪ CRL‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ FL‬ﻭ ‪ AC‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺁﻣﻨﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ )ﻣﻌﺪﻩ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ‪(........‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺭﻛﺘﻮﺱ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻑ )‪(Cord Insertion‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻻﻧﻪﮔﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻛﻮﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻼﻧﺘﺎﭘﺮﻭﻳﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻟﻜﻴﻨﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ Case Study‬ﻭ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪) BPP‬ﺑﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ(‬
‫‪21.3 Operative Obstetrics‬‬ ‫)‪(Larry C. Gilstrap III) (2nd Edition) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪22.3 Safety principles for surgical techniques in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery (Dr. Samir Sawalhe) (CD I , II‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪(Equipment, preparation, positioning, approach alternatives, safe entry, nots on application‬‬
‫‪1. Instruments/equipment‬‬ ‫‪2. Positioning‬‬ ‫‪3. Disinfection/preparation‬‬ ‫‪4. Approach alternatives‬‬ ‫‪5. Electrical morcellation‬‬
‫)‪23.3 Single Puncture Laparoscopic Technique (Marco Pelosi, MD) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ‪ CD‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Single puncture‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻕ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ multiple puncture‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪24.3 Submitted Subject: Transvaginal Sonographic Assessment of Pelvic Pathology: Preoperative Evaluation‬‬ ‫)‪(Frances R. Batzer, MD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ‪ CD‬ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫)ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺍﻭﻝ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ‪ ٦‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻟﮕﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺴﺘﺮﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ Case .‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﺴﺘﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ‪resection‬‬ ‫←‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ ٤٢‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻮﻣﺘﺮﻭﺭﺍﮊﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ٢‬ﺳﺎﻝ ← ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ← ﺳﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﻛﻮﺱ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻭﻥ ←‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ← ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ← ‪ ← Septate uterus‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪Hysteroscopic Resection :‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ ٣٦‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻣﺘﺮﻳﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺵ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻟﮕﻦ ← ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ← ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻣﺘﺮﻳﻮﻣﺎ ← ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭖ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻱ ‪YA‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ ٤١‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻟﮕﻦ ← ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ← ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺋﻴﺪ ‪ ← Cyst‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻛﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ ٤٣‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ← ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ← ﻓﻮﻟﻴﻜﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ‪ ← Cyst‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭖ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫‪Left Salpingectomy‬‬ ‫← ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ectopicpregnancy‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ ٢١‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻭ ‪ ٣ LMP‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ←‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 17
:(‫)ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
Limiting Physician Exposure to Hepatitis B and HIV : Ob / Gyns (R.Viscarello.MD)
.‫ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺐ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬HIV ‫ ﻳﺎ‬HBV ‫ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ‬
:(‫)ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺳﻮﻡ‬
Laparoscopic Retropubic Colposuspension For Stress urinary incontinence (Gordon. D. Davis, MD. & R.W.Lobel,MD
.‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻻﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Stress incontinence ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ‬
:(‫)ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬
Bi-polar Desiccation of Vascular Tissue: Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (Paul, D. Indman,MD)
.‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬bi-polar desiccation ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
25.3 TEXT AND ATLAS OF Female in Fertility Surgery (ROBERT B. HUNT) (Third Edition) (Mosby) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 1999
:‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
BASIC SCIENCE ENERGY SOURCES RADIOLOGIC PROCEDURES HYSTEROSCOPY LAPAROSCOPY LAPAROTOMY ENDOMETRIOSIS ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
26.3 Triplet Pregnancies and their Consequences (Louis G. Keith, MD, Isaac Blickstein, MD) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 2002

Epidemiology and biology Antepartum considerations Delivery/birth considerations The Matria database Short-term outcomes Sources of information on multiple births
Prenatal diagnosis Long-term outcomes Preventive measures Miscellaneous Future dicections
27.3 TVT Tension-free Vaginal – Tape ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Stress Incontinence Anatomy&Terminology Tension-free Vaginal Tape Indication&Patient Selection TVT Procedure Clinical Information Sales Support
28.3 Urogynecology: Evaluation and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence (Bruce Rosenzweig, MD, Jeffrey S. Levy, MD, Donald R. Ostergard, MD) ‫ــــــ‬

.‫ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬CD ‫ﻼ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
:‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬٤ Urogynechology
Consideration for the OB/GYN Generalist - won surgical & surgical Management - Evaluation - Introduction Definigg Incontinence -

:‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ :Introduction & Defining Incontince (١

Types of incontinernce y incontinence awareness y Patient misconceptions y affected women y incontince ‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬y

:incontinency ‫( ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ‬٢

Cystoscopy y uroflowmetry y Postvoid residual y Cystometrogram y Pad test y ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬y ‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ‬y Voiding diary y un , u/s y
Pessary test y Multi-Channel urodynamics y

: Stress urinary incontinence ‫( ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ‬٣

.‫( ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.... ‫ ﻭ‬funetional electrieal Stimalation ‫ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ‬biofeedback, Beharioral modification)) ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
.‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Complication ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ‬.‫ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Procedure ‫ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ‬:‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪: Consideration for the OB/Gyn Generalist (٤‬‬
‫‪incontinrence management to private patients y‬‬ ‫‪Non surgical therapy y‬‬ ‫‪urogynechology as a subdiscipline y‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Allied Staff y‬‬ ‫‪equipment cost y‬‬ ‫‪Set-up requirement y‬‬ ‫‪Urodynamics y‬‬ ‫‪professional consideration y‬‬ ‫‪eystometry y‬‬

‫)‪29.3 Video Journal of Gynecology (Vaginal Hysterectomy Wedge morcellization Technique for the Large Uterus) (The Infertile Couple) (David Olive, MD, George W. Morley MD,‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪30.3 WOMEN'S HEALTH (MOSBY'S PRIMARY CARE‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ Procedure‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﭘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮊﻧﻴﺘﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ )‪ (Female Genitalia‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ‪ Female Genitiourinary Tract‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ، L‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ L‬ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ‪ CNG‬ﻳﺎ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Breast examination -١‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ Pojition ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗـﻲ ﻭ ‪ quiz‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﺑﺨـﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ : Colposcopy -٢‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ‪ cervix‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ‪ ، Positioning ،‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺴﺘﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ‪ Procedne‬ﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ Quiz‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ٧ .‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻮﭘﻴﻮﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ D&C‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻲ ﺁﻧﺪﻭﻣﺘﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺼـﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕـﻲ ﺷـﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ‪ Procedure‬ﻫـﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳـﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ Position ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺴﺘﺰﻱ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ Quiz‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Pelvic Examination -٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ )‪ (utenes , carivx , vagina , valve‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ‪ Position،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ ٦‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻟﮕﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ‪ exetrnalgenifalicn‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﭖ ﺁﺳﻤﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ‪ rectovaginal , bimanual‬ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﭙﻜﻮﻟﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ‪ Quiz‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : Pap Smear -٥‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﭖ ﺁﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ Position ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ٥ .‬ﻓـﻴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﭖ ﺍﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪) Vaginal Secretion -٦‬ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻭﺍﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ ‪ ، KOH‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ slide‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ‪ Quiz‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪31.3 UTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY IN GYNECOLOGY (Hysterosalpingography) It's Application in Physiological And Pathological Conditions‬‬ ‫)‪(SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ‪ Utero Salpingography‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺭﺣﻢ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺁﻧﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﭖ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﭖ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪Uterosalpingography‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﭖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻞ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻮﻝ ﮊﻧﻴﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﺩﻧﺎﻙ )ﺩﻳﺲ ﻣﻨﻮﺭﻩ(‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ‪ USG‬ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪32.3 Your Pregnancy, Your Newborn The Complete Guide for Expectant and New Mothers‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪A Manual of Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests‬‬ ‫)‪(Frances Fischbach‬‬ ‫)‪(Sixth Edition) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ‪ ١٦‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Diagnostic Testing‬‬ ‫‪Blood Studies‬‬ ‫‪Urine Studies‬‬ ‫‪Stool Studies‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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Cbemistry Studies Microbiologic Studies Immunodiagnostic Studies Nuclear Medicine Studies
Cytology, Histology, and Genetic Studies Endoscopic Studies Ultrasound Studies Pulmonary Functio and Blood Gas Studies
Prenatal Diagnosis and Tests of Fetal Well-Being Cerebrespinal Fluid Studies X-ray Studies Special Systems, Organ Functions, and Post Mortem Studies
2.4 A Slide Atlas of ATHEROSCLEROSIS (Progression and Regression) (Herbert C. Stary) 2002
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬.‫ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺴﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺗﺮﻭﺍﺳﻜﻠﺮﻭﺯﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬۹۴ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ﻭ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
3.4 American Sodiety of Hematology (CD 1-5) (44 Annual Meeting) th 2002
CD-1: ALL -AML -ASH/ASCO Joint Symposium -Atypical Cellular Disorders
CD-2: CLL -CML -CNS Lymphoma -Cutaneous Lymphoma -E. Donnall Thomas Lecture
CD-3: Enhancing Physician/Patient Communication Regarding Hematologic Disorders -Ham-Wasserman Lecture -Hematology Grants Workshop
-Hypercoagulability: Too Many Tests, Too Much Conflicting Data -Malaria and the Red Cell -Marrow Failure
CD-4: Multi[ple Myeloma -Myelodysplastic Syndromes Non-Myeloablative Transplantation -Platelets: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic -Purpura Plenary Policy Frum
CD-5: Presidential Symposium -Red Cell Antigens as Functional Molecules and Obstacles to Transfusion -Sickle Cell Disease -Stem Cell Transplantation: Supportive Care and
Long-Term Complications -Stem Cells: Hype and Reality Update on Epidemiology and Therapeutics for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
4.4 An Electronic Companion to Microbiology for MajorsTM (Mark L. Wheelis) Reviw , Test yourself ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
What Are Microorganisms? Methods of Microbiology Eukaryotic Cell Struture Metabolism & Energy Gene Regulation Microbial Ecology Disease
Classification Prokaryotic Cell Struture Growth & Reproduction Microbial Genetics Viruses Defenses Againses Infection
5.4 Atlas of HEMATOLOGY ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
1. Examination of Blood Cells 2. Normal Hematopoiesis and Blood Cells 3.Dynamic Cell Morphology 4. Hematolopathology 5. Cluster of differentiation Archive 6. Self-Assessment
6.4 Atlas of Surgical Pathology (Johns Hopkins) (Jonathan I. Epstein, Neera P. Agarwal-Antal, David B. Danner, Kim M. Ruska)
7.4 Atlas of Medical Parasitology (Dr. K. Ghazvini) 2003
‫ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ اﻧﮕﻞ و ﺳﯿﮑﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ اﻧﮕﻞ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﺎً رﺷـﺘﻪ ﻋﻠـﻮم‬،‫ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت اﯾﺠﺎدﺷﺪه‬،‫ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ رﻧﮕﯽ از اﻧﻮاع اﻧﮕﻞﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﯾﺰای اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ اﻧﮕﻞ‬2000 ‫ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ﻓﻮق ﺣﺎوی ﺣﺪود‬
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮحﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﻧﺮماﻓـﺰار‬.‫ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮر از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی و وﯾﺮاﯾﺶ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ‬.‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
* Heart and Muscles Parasites * Eye Parasites * Case reports and updates in parasitology * Central Nervous System (CNS) Parasites * Gnito-Urinary Parasites
* Lung Parasites * Skin Parasites * Blood, Bone Marrow, Spleen Parasites * Liver and Biliary Tree Parasites * Intestinal Parasites (Helminths) * Intestinal Parasites (Protozoa)

8.4 Basic histology: TEXT & ATLAS IMAGE LIBRARY (Tenth Edition) (Luiz Carlos, Juhqueira, Jose CARNEIRO) (A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies) 2000
1- Luiz Carlos JUNQUEIRA 2 - Jose CARNEIRO
9.4 Biochemical Interactions An electronic companion to: FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Donald voet, Judith G. voet, charlotte W. Pratt) (Version 1.02) 1999

:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS PROTEINS: PRIMARY STRUCTURE PROTEIN FUNCTION
LIPIDS BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES MAMMALIAN FUEL METABOLOSM: INTEGRATION AND REGULATION
GLUCOSE CATABOLISM GLYCOGEN METABOLISM AND GLUCONEOGENESIS DNA REPLICATION REPAIR, AND RECOMBINATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIPID METABOLISM AMINO ACID METABOLISM

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
TRANSLATION REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION ENZYME KINETICS, INHIBITION, AND REGULATION
INTROCUCTION TO METABOLISM ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPORYLATION PROTEINS: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE
TRANSCRIPTION AND RNA PROCESSING

10.4 BIOLOGY CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS (Second Edition) (Richard M. Liebaert) (CAMPBELL.MITCHELL.REECE) ‫ــــــ‬

:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

1. Introduction: The Sclentific Sindy of Life 3. The Life of the Cell 5. Cellular Repoduction & Genetics 7. Concepls of Evolution
2. The Evolution of Biological Diversity 4. Animals: Form & Function 6. Plants: Form & Function 8. Ecology

11.4 BLOOD PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF HEMATOLOGY (SECOND EDITION) (ROBERT I. HANDIN SAMUEL E. LUX THOMAS P. STOSSEL) 2003

Part I: Fundamentals of Hmatology: Tools of the trade Part II: The Hematopoietic System Part III: Stem Cell Disorders Part IV: White Blood Cells
Part V: Hemostasis Part VI: Red Blood Cells Part VII: Systemic Disease Part VIII: Hematologic Therapies Part VIIII: Appendices

12.4 BRS Cell Biology CELL BIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY (4th edition) (Leslie P. Gartner, James L. Hiatt, Judy M. Strum) (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS) 2003

:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

Plasma Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Extracellular Matrix
Connective Tissue Cartilage and Bone Muscle Nervous Tissue
Circulatory System Lymphoid Tissue Endocrine System Skin
The Urinary System Female Reproductive System Digestive System: Oral Cavity and Alimentary Tract Special Senses
Epithelia and Glands Blood and Hemopoiesis Digestive System: Glands Comprehensive Exam
13.4 Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology (Second Edition) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
1- Lonotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Synaptic Transmission and Sensory Transduction 3- Neurons: Excitable and Secretory Cells that Establish Synapses
2- Somato-Dendritic Processing and Plasticity of Postsynaptic Potentials 4- Activity and Developmen of Networks: The Hippocampus as an Example

14.4 Clinical Hematology (A Victor Hoffbrand , John E Pettit) (Mosby) ‫ــــــ‬

Normal Hemopoiesis and Blood Cells Leucocyte Abnormialities Hemostasis and Bleeding Disorders Bone Marrow Transplantation Parasitic Infections Diagnosed in Blood
Anaemias Hematological Malignancies Coagulation Disorders Bone Marrow in
Blood Transfusion Further Reading Acknowledgements Non-hemopoietic Disease
15.4 Clinical Immunology ‫ــــــ‬
16.4 COMMON PROBLEMS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT (Judith A. O'brien, M.S. CLSup (NCA)) (Salekan E-Book) ‫ــــــ‬
OVERCOMING OSHA'S OBST ACLES THE OVERCOMING OSHA'S OBSTACLES THE TAMING TECHNOLOGY: LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEM (LIS)
COMPLYING WITH CLIA '88
EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
MEETING TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROVIDING AND USING PERSONAL WRITING MANUALS: THE GENERAL RE-ENGINEERING FOR THE FUTURE: THE CORE LABORATORY,
REGULATIONS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OPERATING PROCEDURE MANUAL ( GOPM) AUTOMATION, OUTREACH NETWORKING, AND THE MILLENNIUM BUG
WRITING MANUALS: THE STANDARD FULFILING QUALITY CONTROL GENERATING LABORATORY NUMBERS: STATISTICS LINEARITY,
PASSING PROFICEINCY TEST
OPERATING PROCEDURE MANUAL (SOPM) GUIDELINES CALIBRATION, REFERENCE, AND CRITICAL VALUES: CALCULATIONS
ESTABLISHING A QUALITY ASSURANCE SURVIVING INSPECTIONS AND ATTAINING
PURSUING PERSONNEL PERSPECTIVES
PROGRAM ACCREDIANCE MANAGING THE PHYSICIAN OFFICE LABORATORY (POL)
THE ACQUISTION AND MAINTENANCE OF MASTERING FINANCES: BILLING AND
ENCOURAGING EDUCATION
LABORATORY INSTRUMENTATION CODING TAMING TECHNOLOGY: POINT OF CARE TESTING (POCT)

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 21
17.4 Concise Histology (A data of multiple choice question in microscopic) (Bloom & Fawcett's) (Second Edition) ‫ــــــ‬
18.4 Dianostic Hematology ‫ــــــ‬
This textbook, 'Diagnostic Hematology: A pattern approach', is accompanied by a CD-ROM with three knowledge-based systems applied to 237 case studies. The 3 knowledge-based systems are:
1. Professor Petrushka for peripheral blood analysis 2. Professor Fidelio for flow cytometry immunophenotyping 3. Professor Belmonte for bone marrow interpretation
19.4 Discover Biology ‫ــــــ‬
20.4 Electronic Atlas of Parasitology (John T. Sullivan) university of the Incarnate Word 2000
21.4 EMBRYO (CD Color Atlas for Developmental Biology) (Gary C. Schoenwolf) ‫ــــــ‬
Chapter 1: Frog Embryos Chapter 2: Chick Embryos Chapter 3: Pig Embryos Chapter 4: Gametogenesis
22.4 Essential Cell Biology (with the voice of Julie Theriot designed and programmed by Christopher Thorpe) ‫ــــــ‬
23.4 Fields Virology (Forth Edition) (Volume 1) (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 2001
Section One: General Virology Chapter 1-22 Section Two: Specific Virus Families Chapter 23-90
24.4 Functional HISTOLOGY WHEATER'S (FOURTH EDITION) (BARBARA YOUNG, JOHN W. HEATH) (ALAN STEVENS JAMES S. LOWE) (PHILIP J. DEAKIN) ‫ــــــ‬
25.4 Genetics From Genes to Genomes (Ann Reynolds, Ph.D.) (University of Washington) 2000
5- Gen RegVlation (...‫ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﻧﺴﻼﻛﺸﻦ ﻭ‬،‫)ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻭﭘﺮﻭﻥ ﻻﻛﺘﻮﺯ‬ 3- Molecular Genetice 1- Transmission Genetics

6- Poplations & Evolvtion (... ‫)ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ 4- Chromosomes FISH (‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﮊﻥ‬،‫)ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺎﺭﻳﻮﺗﺎﻳﭗ‬ 2- Gentral Dogma

‫ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻫـﺮ‬.‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬Quick time ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬... ‫ ﻫﻴﭙﺮﻳﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﻴﻨﮓ ﻭ‬،DVA ‫ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻓﻮﺭﺯ‬،PCR، ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺯﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﺯ‬... ‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺲ‬: ‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ‬٢٧ ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬In teractive) ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬.‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬CD ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬Q.t. ‫( ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬Setup . exe ‫ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻥ )ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬CD ‫ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬CD ‫ﺁﺑﺸﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
26.4 Gram Stain TUTOR (ANINTERACTIVE TUTORIAL THAT TEACHES THE MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINARY SEDIMENT) ‫ــــــ‬
(Brad Cookson, MD, PHD, Ajit Limaye, MD, Lydia Matheson, BA)
1. Introduction 2. Morphology 3. Specimen Sites 4. Case Studies 5. Exam 6. Image Atlas
27.4 HISTOLOGY EXPLORER 1999
:‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Microscope 3D Connective Tissue Proper Nervous Tissue The Digestive System The Reproductive System Glands The Endocrine Glands
The Cell Blood and Bone Marrow The Circulatory System The Respiratory System The Mammary Giands Muscular Tissue The Ear
Epithelium The Sketetal Tissues The Lymphoid Organs The Urinary System The Eye The Skin
28.4 HUMAN HISTOLOGY CD-ROM (Alan Stevens. James Lowe) ‫ــــــ‬
29.4 Images of Disease An image database for the teaching of Pathology (Nick Hawkins, Mark Dziegielewski) ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻒ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﺳـﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳـﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺿـﺎﻳﻌﻪ‬case ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺑﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬،‫ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬
30.4 Immunology (Blackwell Science) 2000

31.4 Interactive Color Atlas of Histology (Version 1.0) (Leslie P. Gartner James L. Hiatt) (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS) 2000

32.4 Interactive Embryology The Human Embryo Program (Jay Lash Ph.D.)
33.4 Laboratory Medicine: URINALYSIS (Chemical and microscopic examination of urine Atlas of Microscopic Analysis Procedures for Urinalsis) (Pesce Kaplan Pubishers Inc.) 2000

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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Extensive atlas of microscopic analysis: over 50 microphotographs of
Method write-up for 15 chemical urinalysis procedures Complete Specimen collection section
urine sediment, including cells, casts, and artifacts
Interpretation of urine findings in common renal and
Tables reviewing results of chemical urinalyses
lower urinary tract diseases
34.4 Media Supplement for Biochemistry (FOURH EDITION) (Roy Tasker Carl Rhodes) 2000
1. Reaction mechanisms 2. Metabolic Pathways 3. Membrane Processes 4. Protein Synthesis 5. Molecular Representations
35.4 Microbes in Motion III (Dr. Gloria Delisle and Dr. Lewis Tomalty Queen's University) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬١٨ ‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﻫﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺿﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮﮊﻧﺰ‬
‫ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻭﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻞﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ (... ‫ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﭙﻮﺯﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ‬، DNA ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬،‫ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ )ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺿﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﭺﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻦﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ Miscellaneous
36.4 MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (KEN S. ROSENTHAL) (Mosby) 2002
1. TUTORIAL: I. Topics II. Systems III. Random 2. TEST
37.4 MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL INFECTIONS (Topley & Wilson's) (Albert Balows, Max sussman) (NINTH EDITION) ‫ــــــ‬
38.4 MODERN GENETIC ANALYSIS (Anthony J. F. Griffiths, William M. Gelbart, Jffrey H. Miller, Richard C. Lewontin) 1999
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Introduction System Requirements Getting Started Reference Freeman Genetics Web Site
39.4 MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY 4.0 (Paul Matusdaru, Amold Berk, S. lawence Zipufsky, David Baltimore, James Damell, Harey lodish) 2000
40.4 NCCL INFOBASE Serving the World's Medical Science Community Through Voluntary Consensus 2002
41.4 PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISESE Interactive Case Study Companion to ROBBIMS (W. B. Saunders Company) (Sixth Edition) ‫ــــــ‬
Inflammation and Repair Fluid and Hemodynamic Disorders Genetic Disorders Diseases of Immunity Neoplasia Systemic Pathology
Infectious Disease Cardiovascular Diseases Hematopatholory Disorders Gastrointestinal Diseases Diseases of Liver, Galbladder, and Pancreas Diseases of Kidney
Genitouinary, Breast, and Pregnancy Disorders Endocrine Diseases Skeletal Disorders Neuropathology

42.4 PATHOLOGY (Alan Stevens. James Lowe) ‫ــــــ‬

43.4 Peripheral Blood TUTOR (ANINTERACTIVE TUTORIAL THAT TEACHES THE MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINARY SEDIMENT) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Introduction Cell Morphologies Disease Associations Atlas Final Exam

Overview, Smear Preparation Cell Structure, Read Blood Red Blood Cells, White Cell Morphology
Stain Procedure, Smear Cells, White Blood Cells, Blood Cells, Neoplastic Disease Association
Evaluation Platelets, Artifacts, Quiz Disorder
44.4 PRINCIPLES OF Molecular Virology (THIRD EDITION) 2000
• Contents
Introduciton Particles Genomes Replication Expression Infection Pathogenesis Novel Infectious Agents
• Appendices
Glossary, Abbreviations and Pronounciations Classification of Sub-Cellular Infections Agents The History of Virology
45.4 RAPID REVIEW HISTOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY (E. ROBERT BURNS, M. DONALD CAVE) (MOSBY) 2002
46.4 Samter's Immunologic Diseases (SIXTH EDITION) (K. Frank Austen, M.D, Michael M. Frank, M.D., John P. Atkinson, M.D., Harvey Cantor, M.D.) ‫ــــ‬
:‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬١٠ ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬.‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬Flash ‫ ﻭ‬Internet explorer ‫ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 23
(‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ )ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬- ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬- ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬- ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬- ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ‬-
‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ‬- ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﺮﮊﻳﻜﻲ‬- ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬- ‫ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬- ‫ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬-

‫ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ‬.‫ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻭ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡﻭﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

47.4 The American Society of Hematology (41st Annual Meeting and Exposition) 1999
48.4 The Cell 1.0 A Molecular Approach (Many Animations, Movies, Photos, and drawn images) (Geoffrey M. Cooper) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Cell Overview Humman Genetic Diseases Floww of Information The Nucleus The Cell Cycle Protein Sorting and Transport
Organelles & Energy Metabolism The Cytoskeleto The Plasma Membrane The Extracellular Machine Cancer-A Family od Diseases The Meiotic Divisions
49.4 THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT 2003
50.4 The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease ____
General Themes, Amino Acids, Prophyrins and Heme, Hormones: Synthesis and Action, Defense and Immune Mechanisms, Skin, Cancer and Genetics, Organic Acids, Metals, Vitamins, Connective Tissues,
Intesine, Chromosomes and Autosomes, Peroxisomes, Blood and Blood Forming Tissue, Muscle, Neurogenetics, Carbohydrates, Lipoprotein and Lipid Metabolism disorders, Lysosomal Transport, Eye,
Signiflcant Developments in Progress, Cancer and NEW Geneticx Update
51.4 UNDERSTAND! Biochemistry (3/e Version) (Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry) 2000
1. THE BACKGROUND 4. BIOENERGETICS 7. CELLULAR ARCHITECTURE AND TRAFFIC
2. THE MOLECULES OF LIFE 5. BIOSYNTHESIS 8. THE DIVIDING CELL
3. PROTEINS IN ACTION 6. NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR EXPRESSION 9. SOME IMPORTANT TECHNIQUES
52.4 UNDERSTAND! Biochemistry (VERSION 1.0) 1999

:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

- QUIZE - INDEX - Web links -Minicourses:

53.4 UNDERSTAND! Biology: Biochemistry (Molecules, Cell & Genes) ‫ــــــ‬

:‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ ﻓﻮﻕ‬CD
Basic Chemistry Macromolecular assembly and modification Bioenegetics Signal transduction Enzymology The flow of genetic information Metabolism Molecular biology techniques
54.4 Urinalysis TUTOR (ANINTERACTIVE TUTORIAL THAT TEACHES THE MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINARY SEDIMENT) (Caria M. Phillips, MLM, MT(ASCP), Paul J. Henderson, MS, MT(ASCP), Claudia Bein, BS, MT(ASCP)) ‫ــــــ‬

.‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬٥ ‫ ﺩﺭ‬interactive ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
(‫ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬،‫ ﻓﻴﻠﻮﻧﻔﺮﻳﺖ‬،‫ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡ ﻧﻔﺮﻭﺗﻴﻚ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ )ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡ ﮔﻠﻮﻣﺮﻭﻟﻮﻧﻔﺮﻳﺖ‬.٥ (‫ ﺁﺭﺗﻴﻔﻜﺖﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺰﻣﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ )ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ‬.٣ (‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ )ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬.١
.(‫ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬.‫ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬B ‫ ﻭ‬A ‫ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬.٤ (‫ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ )ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‬.٢

‫ ﻗﻠﺐ‬-٥

CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

2.4 A Slide Atlas of ATHEROSCLEROSIS Progression and Regression (Herbert C. Stary, MD) 2002
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺴﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺗﺮﻭﺍﺳﻜﻠﺮﻭﺯﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٩٤ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
1.5 A visible improvement in angina treatment (VCD)
‫ــــــ‬
Post-EECP stress perfusion image, Markedly improved anterior, septal, and inferior wall perfusion.

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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2.5 ACCSAP (Adult Clinical Cardiology Self-Assessment Program) (C. Richard Donti, MD, Richard P. Lewis, MD) (AMERICAN COLLEGE of CARDIOLOGY) 2000
3.5 Acute Heart Failure (THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION) (W. Frank Peacock, MD) (The Emergency Department and the Economics of Care) 2004
4.5 American Heart Associations fighting Heart Disease and Stroke Abstracts from Scientific Sessions (Augustus O. Grant, Raymond J. Gibbons) 2002
:‫ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
-Basic Science -Clinical Science -Population Science
5.5 Atlas of Transesophageal Echocardiography (Navin C. Nanda, MD, Michael J. Domanski) (Williams & Wilkins) ‫ــــــ‬
1. Normal Anatomy 3. Mitral Valve 5. Aortic Valve and Aorta 7. Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valves
2. Prosthetic Valves and Rings 4. Ischemic Heart Disease 6. Cardiomyopathy 8. Congenital Heart Disease
6.5 BEYOND HEART SOUNDS The Interactive Cardic Exam (John Michael Criley, MD) (VOL 1) ‫ــــــ‬
Introduction to anscultation Hemodynamics tutorial The cardiac cycle Pulse Tutorial
Frontal Chest Anatomy Mitral and aortic valve flow Introduction
The Cardinal areas of anscultation Hemodynamic changes in disease Carotid Pulses
Using the stethoscope Mitral Stenosis Jugular Venous Pulses
Aortic stenosis
7.5 Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention (SIXTH EDITION) (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS) 2000
.‫ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٣٥ ‫ ﻭ‬Grossmam's Cadiac Cathetrization ....... ‫ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬edition ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Procerdue- related Findinig ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬Case50 ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
.‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٨ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
(.... ‫ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻭ‬output ‫ ﻭ‬blood flow ‫ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬-‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﻤﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ )ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬-٣ (‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﺍﺯﻳﺴﻮﻥ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﺍﻥ‬-Brachiel Cutdown – Percutaneous approuch) Basic ‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ‬-٢ ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬-١
(... ‫ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﺳﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻄﻨﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ‬،Ejection Fraction ‫ ﻃﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﺍﺯﻳﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﻄﻦﻫﺎ‬Test ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺸﻨﺎﻝ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ )ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬-٥ (‫ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬-‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ) ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻱ – ﻭﻧﺘﺮﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ – ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﭘﻮﻟﻤﻮﻧﺮﻱ‬-٤
‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠـﻪﺍﻱ )ﺁﻧﺘﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻲ ﻋـﺮﻭﻕ‬-٧ (... ‫ ﻭ‬intrathoracic balloon Counter Pulsation - ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥ ﺁﺭﻳﺘﻴﻤـﻲﻫـﺎ‬deivce ‫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬-‫ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‬-‫ )ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻲ‬: Special Catheter Techniquse -٦
– ‫ )ﻃـﺮﺯ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳـﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺁﻧﮋﻳـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﻠـﺐ‬:‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻـﻲ‬Profile -٨ (‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮ – ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ‬Stent- ‫ ﺁﺗﺮﻭﻛﺘﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺒﻜﺘﻮﻣﻲ‬-‫ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻱ‬
:‫( ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬... ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﻳﻪ ﻭ‬-‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻱ‬
‫ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻭﻧﺘﺮﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﻦ ﭼﭗ‬- ‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﺗﺮﻭﺳﻜﺮﻭﺗﻴﻚ‬CAD ‫ ﺁﻧﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ‬- Basic ‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬-
.‫( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.... ‫ ﻭ‬Rotabalator ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻥﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ‬-‫ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ‬-‫ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬Stent) ‫ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬- ‫ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬-
8.5 Cardiovascular Surgery (VCD) (CD I, II, III) 2004
Excerpted from "Medical & Surgical Controversies in CV disease: The Aorta and Peripheral Vessels"
Course Directors: Thoralf M. Sundt III, MD and Peter C. Spittell, MD
9.5 CathSAP Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology Self-Assessment Program (Carl J. Pepine, MD, Steven E. Nissen, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
10.5 Challenging established treatment patterns in chronic heart failure A Satellite Symposium held during the ESC Heart Failure meeting 2003

11.5 Clinical TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (A PROBLEM- ORIENTED APPROACH) (Second Edition) (Steven N. Konstadt) 2003

12.5 Clinical Utility of Contrast Echocardiography 2001

Sonovue: An ideal contrast agent for Low MI myocardial Perfusion (Dr. Daniela Bokor, Bracco sa, Milano)
What's new in cardic echography (Dr. Luciano Agati, University "La Sapienza Roma"
Ischemic coronary artery disease (Dr. Harld Becher, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford)
13.5 Congestive Heart Failure (NOVARTIS) (CD I , II) ‫ــــــ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‬Case report ‫ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،Case report ،‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Frank .H.Netter ‫ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Ciba ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ‬
.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CHF ‫ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬multiple choice test ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻛﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CHF ‫ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬management ،‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬.٤ CHF ‫ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬.٣ CHF‫ ﺍﺗﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬.٢ ‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‬.١ : ‫ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
14.5 Coronary Heart Disease (J. Hurley Myers, Ph.D., Frank H. Netter, M.D.) ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬-٢ ‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬-١ :‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬-٤ ‫ ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺭﻛﺘﻮﺱ ﻣﻴﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩ‬-٣ ‫ ﺁﺗﺮﻭﺍﺳﻜﻠﺮﻭﺯﻳﺲ‬-٢ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻱ‬-١ :‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
.‫ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ‬-٩ ‫ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬-٨ ‫ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ‬-٧ ‫ ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺭﻛﺘﻮﺱ ﻣﻴﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩ‬-٦ ‫ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ‬-٥ ‫ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮ‬-٤ ‫ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﺮﺧﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬-٣ ‫ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ‬-٢ ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬-١ ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬:‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
.‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ )ﺑﺎ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺻﺪﺍ( ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ (‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
15.5 Dynamic Practical Electrodiography (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) ‫ــــــ‬
16.5 ECG (Jay W. Mason, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
17.5 ECG DIAGNOSIS MADE EASY ROMEO VEGHT ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬٩ .‫ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ECG ‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬٣٥٠ ‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬.‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬Internet explorer ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬٩ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ‬
:‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
1. Basic Priciples (‫ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬، ‫ ﺩﭘﻮﻻﺭﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‬ 3. ECG ‫ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ‬....) Ischaemic (Coronary) heart disease 5. Conductin impairment 7. Rhythm disturbances
2. Hypertrophy 6. Chardiomyopathies and autoimmune disorders 4. Pericarditis, myocarditis and metabolic disorders 6. Pacemakers, ICDs and cardioversion Mixed ECG quizzes
‫ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻓـﻖ‬Next ‫ ﺳﭙﺲ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬Setup ‫ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ‬Setup ‫ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬CD ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ‬my computer ‫ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬CD ‫ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬:‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.‫ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‬Finish ‫ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬Next
18.5 ECG-SAP III (Jay W. Mason, MD, FACC) ‫ــــــ‬
-Using ECG-SAP III -Standard Tracings -Syndromes -Computer Overreads -Serial Tracings -Stress Testing -ECG of the Month -Guidelines -Utilities
19.5 Echo Lecture (VIDEO SERIES) (7CD) (Mayo) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ ﺳﺮﻱ‬٧ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
1. TEE in the Operating Room (Bijoy K. Khandheria, MD)
Intraoperative echocardiography has become an essential component to the surgical approach to valvular disease. Dr. Bijoy Khandheria discusses the utility of intraoperative echocardiography and its
impact on the surgical management of cardiovascular disease.
2. TEE in Adult Congenital Heart Disease (James B. Seward, M.D.)
Dr. James Seward Presents Adult Congenital Heart Disease. A generation of Children Have Grown into adulthood and Present with postoperative congenital heart disease. Transesophageal
echocardiography is extremely helpful but may not always be necessary in the assessment of adult congenital heart disease. Learn from the expert regarding appropriate use of transesophageal
echocardiography and assessment of residua and sequela of adult congenital heart disease.
3. Understanding Operative Procedures for Patients with Univentricular Heart from Palliation to Fontan (James B. Seward, M.D.)
Dr. Seward gives a detailed overview of complex anomalies and their applicable corrections. Topics included are Blalock, Mustard, Glen and Fontan corrections. Graphic depictions of each corrective
procedure, possible complications and echocardiographic example are included.
4. Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Essential Measurements. Pitfalls and Limitations. (Fletcher A. Miller, Jr., MD)
Dr. Fletcher Miller discusses and presents the current approach to the quantitative evaluation of mitral valve regurgitation. This is an excellent review of current quantitative assessment of mitral valve
regurgitation including pitfalls and limitations.
5. Mitral Vale Regurgitation: Evidence-Based Practice (A. Jamil Tajik, MD)
A Classic presentation by Dr. A. Jamil Tajik on a change in clinical practice with regard to the quantitation of regurgitation and then a change in medical management with early surgery and repair of the mitral valve.
6. Evaluating the Patient with Prothetic Valve (Fletcher A. Miller, Jr., MD)
Dr. Fletcher Miller, an expert on the echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic valves, presents a detailed in-depth review of the quantitative echo Doppler approach to the prosthetic valve. It is
important to understand the hemodynamic pitfalls and limitations of the echocardiographic assessment of cardiac prosthetic valves.
7. Stress Echocardiography and Contrast (Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D.)

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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Stress Echocardiography and Contrast Using illustrative cases, Dr. Pellikka gives an expert presentation and discussion on the role of contrast in stress echocardiography. Pitfalls and limitations of contrast stress
echocardiography are also discussed. New Horizons in Stress Echocardiography Dr. Pellikka, an expert in Stress echocardiography, discusses Dobutamine stress echocardiography and its role in preoperative risk
stratification. Also discussed are new advances in stress echocardiography such as color kinesis and acoustic quantification, color Doppler imaging, and strain and strain rate imaging.
20.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (UPDATE NO. 1) (TRANSESOPHAGEAL- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY) ‫ــــــ‬
21.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 1) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Normal 2-D And M-MODE EXAM)) ‫ــــــ‬
22.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 10) (VCD) (CARDIAC MASSES) ‫ــــــ‬
23.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 11-A,B) (VCD CD I, ii) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES) ‫ــــــ‬
24.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 12) (VCD) (INTERVENTIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY) ‫ــــــ‬
25.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 2) (VCD) (DOPPLER AND COLOR FLOW IMAGING: PHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATIONS AND THE NORMAL EXAM) ‫ــــــ‬
26.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 4) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN AORTIC VAL VE DISEASE) ‫ــــــ‬
27.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 5) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE) ‫ــــــ‬
28.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 6) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN THE ADULT) ‫ــــــ‬
29.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 7) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN CARDIOMYOPATHIES: DILATED, RESTRICTIVE AND HYPERTROPHIC) ‫ــــــ‬
30.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 8) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PERICARDIAL DISEASE) ‫ــــــ‬
31.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME 9) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN TRICUSPID AND PULMONIC VALVE DISEASE AND DESEASES OF THE AORTA) ‫ــــــ‬
32.5 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2-D/DOPPLER WITH COLOR FLOW IMAGING (VOLUME3) (VCD) (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN MITRAL VALVE DISEASE) ‫ــــــ‬
33.5 EchoSAP III (Echocardiography Self-Assessment Program)(Echocardiography Overview: Technique and Applications) (Volume 1) 2000
(Jemes D. Thomas, MD, Ellen Mayer-Sabik, MD)
-Introduction and Overview -Examinations -Applications -Self-Assessment Questions -Evidence-Based Medicine -Conclusions
34.5 Electronic Image Collection of Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (John W. Hallet, Joseph L. Mills, Jonothan J. Eamsbaw, Jim A Reekers) 2004
1. Background 3. claudication 5. Chronic Lower Extremity Ischemia 7. Acute Limb Ischemia 9. Upper Extremity Problems
2. Mesenteric Syndromes 4. Renovascular disease 6. Aneurysmal Disease 8. Cerebrovascular Disease 10. Venous Disease
35.5 ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUES (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms) (Workshop) (l. Flessenkämper) (15th Endovascular Symposium Berlin) ‫ــــــ‬

36.5 ESC Congress 2004

TM
37.5 EVOLVING ISSUES IN THE MANAGEMENT CHD (National Lipid Education Council ) 2002

SECTION 1 SECTION II SECTION III SECTION IV SECTION V

Emerging Evidence-Based Data From Clinical Trials PAD Lipids and Risk Inflammatory Markers: Anovel Approach Use of Genomics to discover new targets for therapy Case study: Diabetes
NON-HDL-Case Secondary Targert of Therapy Lipid Management Though combination Therapy Case Study: Novel Risk Markers Examining the nonlipid effects of statins
What is it's Role in clinical practice? Case Study:Combination Therapy
Case Study: NON-HDL-C
38.5 HEART DISEASE (FIFTH EDITION) A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.B. SAUNDERS COMPANY) ‫ــــــ‬
.‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٤ ‫( ﺍﺯ‬e-book) ‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
(Mendelsohn) Reviwe and Assessment Book -٤ (Hennekens) Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Disease -٣ (chien) Molecular Basis of Heart Disase -٢ (Braunwald) Heart Disease -١
‫ )ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ( ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻳﺪﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ‬Search ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬CD ‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٧٠٦ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ‬
‫( ﻫﻤﮕﻲ‬e-book) ‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬CD ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ‬Search ‫ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ ﺷﻮﺩ‬CCU ‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻳﺪﻧﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎ ﻥ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ‬club ‫ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭ‬
39.5 HEART SOUNDS ‫ــــــ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 27
40.5 HEART SOUNDS Basic Cardiac Auscultation Version 3.0 (Leonard Werner, M.D., Brian Pitts, David Gilsdorf) 2003
41.5 Heart Sounds Basic Cardiac Auscultation CD-ROM to Accompany (M.D., F.A/C.P., Brian Pitts, M.D., David Gilsdorf) (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 2003
42.5 Highlights ESC Congress 2004

43.5 HURST'S THE HEART (R. Wayne Alexander, Robert C. Schlant, Valentin Fuster) ‫ــــــ‬
.‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬CD‫ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬١٦ ‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ‬Hurst ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬Text ‫ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬Edition ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
.‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬،(‫ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ )ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ‬CD ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻤﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
44.5 Interactive Echocardiography: A Clinical Atlas (Th. Binder, M.D., G. Rehak,G. Porenta. M.D., Ph.D., M. Zengeneh, M.D., G. Maurer, M.D., H. Baumgartner, M.D.) University of Vienna, Austria ‫ــــــ‬
45.5 Interventional Cardiology Clinical Resource (Disc 1 & 2) (Evidence . Analysis . Recommendations . Consensus Reports) 2003

46.5 Intra-Aortic Balloon Catheter Insertion and Removal Technique (ARROW)

2002
1. INTRODUCTION 2. LAB SELECTION 3. LAB PREPARATION 4. LAB INSERTION 5. LAB CATHETER PREPARATION 6. LAB CATHETER INSERTION 7. LAB REMOVAL :‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

47.5 Mastering Auscultation An Audio Tour to Cardiac Diagnosis Clinical Findings Diagnosis Treatment Tutorial Text Reference (Dr. Anthony Don Michael's) ‫ــــــ‬
48.5 MVP Video Journal of Cardilogy (Maria-Teresa Olivari, M.D., Antonio M. Gotto, M.D., D. Phill.) ‫ــــــ‬
‫ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬.‫ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤـﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳـﻼﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺤـﺚ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬.‫ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٤٥ ‫( ﺑﻪﻣﺪﺕ‬VCD ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬MVP ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ‬
:‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
1-Determination of Rejection in the Cardiac transplant Recipient Maria-Teresa Olivari ‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬: ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬
.‫ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻜﻲ )ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﻮﺯﻳﻦ( ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،MRI ،‫ ﺍﻛﻮﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ‬،‫ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺭﺩ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬
2- Triglycerides, HDL and coronary Heat Disease Antonio Gotto ‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬:‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬
.‫ ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬.‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﺭﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
3- Management of Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy Carl E. Orringer ‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬:‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﻣﻴﻮﭘﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬،‫ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬،... ‫ ﻭ‬MRI ،‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ‬،‫ ﺳﻤﻊ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬،‫ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬- ‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬،(... ‫ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻭ‬،‫ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ‬، ‫ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ )ﺑﺮﻭﻥﺩﻩ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
.‫ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬... ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
49.5 MVP Video Journal of Cardiology (Anthony C. Pearson, M.D., Charles B. Higgins, M.D., William W. O'Neill, M.D.) (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬40 ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ‬MVP ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ‬
1- The stately Art of MR in Cardiovascuvlar Disease Charles P. Higgins ‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬:‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬
.‫ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.... ‫ ﻭ‬MRI ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬MRI ‫ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬،‫ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬، MRI ‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
2. Arguing for Angioplasy in Acute Myocardial infction William w. ONeill ‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬:‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬، ‫ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ‬، Lone PTCA ‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺍﻧﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ‬
3- Improved understanding of cardioembolic Stroke prorided by Transesophageal Echoecardiography Anthony C. Pearson :‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬:‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬
.‫ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Case ‫ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬TEE ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻡ‬،TEE ‫ ﻭ‬TEE ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬،TEE ‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ‬،‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﭙﻮﻟﻲﻫﺎ‬
50.5 MVP VIDEO JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY (VIDEO SEGMENT I & II) Thromboexclusion for Treatment of Descending Aortic Dissection (John A. Elefteriades, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
51.5 Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (Patricia M. Applegate, Richard L. Applegate, I) 2003
1. Basics of Echocardiography 2. Clinical TEE Examination 3. Clinical Uses of Perioperative TEE 4. Unknowns 5. Perioperative
52.5 PLUMER'S PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF INTERAVENOUS THERAPY (SEVEN EDITION) (Sharon M. Weinstein) ‫ــــــ‬
53.5 TEE An Intractive Exam Review on CD-ROM (CD I , II) (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 2002

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫)‪54.5 TEXTBOOK OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2 Edition) (ERIC J. TOPOL‬‬
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‫‪ CD‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ‪ Text‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠـﺪﻱ ‪ Text book of Cardiovascular Medicine‬ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﺮﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎ )ﺍﻛﻮ‪ (...‬ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ‪ ECG,M.S‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ -٢‬ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺗﺮﻭﺳﻜﻠﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺭﮊﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﮕﺎﺭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻗﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ( ‪ -٣‬ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‪) :‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﺍﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻣـﺎ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪-(.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ‪ -٤‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ‪) :‬ﺗﻔﺴـﻴﺮ ﻋﻜـﺲ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻳـﻪ – ‪ ECG‬ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ – ﺍﻛﻮﻛـﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ – transthoracic‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﻛﻮﻛـﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ – ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺍﭘﻠـﺮ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ -transesophageal‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ – ‪ CT, PET , MRI‬ﻗﻠﺐ – ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ -٥ .( intraoperative‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ‪ Pacing‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪) :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﺭﻳﺘﻤـﻲﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺰﻭﻟـﻮﮊﻱ‪ECG‬‬
‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻳﺴﻜﻤﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﺴﻜﻤﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺯ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ‪ Pacemaker‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻳﻠﻴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ( ‪ -٦‬ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ invasive‬ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻜـﺲ ﻭ ﻓـﻴﻠﻢ )ﺁﻧﮋﻳـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻧـﺮﻱ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳـﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﻠﺒـﻲ ‪ Procedures ،Percutaneos ،‬ﺑـﺎﻱﭘـﺲ ﻗﻠـﺐ–‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻛـﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻠﻜـﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪ Restenosis‬ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ– ‪ approach‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻱﭘﺲ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ – ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ( ‪ -٧‬ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﻠﺐ‬
‫‪ :Multimedia -١٠‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ )ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻝ( ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﭗﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﻭﺍﺳﻜﻮﻟﺮ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ – ‪ - CT/MRI‬ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ – ‪ - ECG‬ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ – intravascular‬ﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﺎﺭ – ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ – ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ – ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ -‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻛﻠﻴﭗ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﺗﺘﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ – ‪ – CT/MRI‬ﺍﻛﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ – ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ‪ Pacing‬ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ – ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ – ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ، Percutaneous Coronaryintervantion‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﮊﻥﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،Endof-Life Care‬ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﺍﺗﻮﻧﻮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫•‬

‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ : TEXTBOOK OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ‪ Cardiovascular Medicine‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ‪ CD‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ Flash‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛـﺎﺩﺭ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﭼـﭗ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺔ ‪ Install TOPOL‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺣﺪﻭﺩﹰﺍ ‪ ٣٠-٤٠‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ ‪ C:\Program files\CardioVascularMedicine‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ Install‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ )ﺍﮔﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ( ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Install‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ‪ Install complete‬ﻣـﻲ ﺁﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ Done‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ .Quick Time, Internet Explorer :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻛﺴﭙﻠﻮﺭﺭ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﮊﻥ ‪ 5.5‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 2000, NT, ME, 98, 95‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪ 200 MHZ‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 32‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ )ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ‪ (CD‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺔ ‪ Internet Explore 5.5‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ I accept the agreement‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ Next‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﭘﻨﺠـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ finish‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺧﻮﺩﺑﺨﻮﺩ ‪ restart‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ‪ CD‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ )ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ Eject‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ‪ CD‬ﻭ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ‪ CD‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ‪ CD‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ( ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻩ )ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ‪ ( CD‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺔ ‪ Quick time 5‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ‪ Agree‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﺪ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻛﻤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺳﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪ Next‬ﺭﺍ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ Next‬ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻪ ‪ Next‬ﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ‪ finish‬ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪ Close‬ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺻـﻔﺤﺔ ‪ Desktop‬ﺑﺒﻨﺪﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻛﻤـﺔ ‪ Start‬ﻛﻠﻴـﻚ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ‪ Programs‬ﺷـﻮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨـﻮﻱ ‪ Cardio Vascular Medicine‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﺔ ‪Cardio‬‬
‫‪ Vascular CD‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ‪ internet explorer‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Address‬ﺧﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ internet explorer‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪http://127.0.0.1:83/PCIndex.htm.‬‬
‫‪55.5‬‬ ‫‪The Netter Presenter Cardiovascular and Renal Edition‬‬ ‫)‪Images from the Netter Collection (NOVARTIS‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬

‫‪56.5 The Physiological Orgins of HEART SOUNDS and MURMUS‬‬ ‫)‪(John Michael Criley, M.D., Conrad Zalace, David Creley‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫‪General Tutorials:‬‬ ‫‪Timing of Heart Sounds‬‬ ‫‪Timing of Murmurs‬‬ ‫‪Catalog of Lesions‬‬

‫‪yInspection and Palpation‬‬ ‫‪yValve Closure Sounds and Splitting of Sounds‬‬ ‫‪ySystolic Murmurs‬‬ ‫‪yNormal‬‬
‫‪yIntriduction to Auscultation‬‬ ‫‪yOpening Sounds‬‬ ‫‪yDiastolic Murmurs‬‬ ‫‪yValvar Lesions‬‬
‫‪yEffect of Maneuvers and Perturbations‬‬ ‫‪yThird Sounds‬‬ ‫‪yContinuous Murmurs vs. “To and Fro” Murmurs‬‬ ‫‪yPericardial Disease‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪29‬‬
‫‪yHemoduction to Cardiac Imaging Modalities‬‬ ‫‪yFourth sounds‬‬ ‫‪yFriction Rubs‬‬ ‫‪yCongenital Heart Disease‬‬
‫‪yEjection Sounds‬‬ ‫‪yCardiomyopathies‬‬
‫‪yMid-Systolic Clicks‬‬ ‫‪yMyxoma‬‬

‫‪57.5 VJC Video Journal of Cardiology‬‬ ‫)‪(LAWRENCE S. COHEN, M.D, JOHN ELEFTERIADES, M.D.) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪1. From a new perspective: mitral valve prolapse aortic dissections and aneurysms‬‬
‫‪2. Surgical and medical management of ascending and descending aortic dissections liporoten (A): a cardiovascular risk factor‬‬
‫)‪58.5 VJC Video Journal of Cardiology (Christopher White, M.D, Michael E. Cain, M.D., Bruce D. Lindsay, M.D., Herbert Geschwind, M.D.) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪CD‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ‪ VJC‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ‪ VCD‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 50‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓـﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪1-Cold lege : The Approach to Acvte and progressive Peripheral Vascular Disease‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‪christoher white :‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﭘﺘﻮﻛﻴﻨﺎﺯ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻱ ﻭ‪ ....‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Urokinase‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫‪2- RADiofrgvency ablation : Ablation of AVNode reentry tachycardias‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ‪ :‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ‪Michael E. Cain :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭﺩﻭﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ECG ،‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻳﻼﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ‪ AV‬ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪3- Laser Angioplasty for coronary Atherosclerotic Disease‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‪Herbert Geschwind :‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ‪ Pulser‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻬﻤﻴﻨﻪ ) ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ( ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ PTCA‬ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫)‪American Cancer Society Atlas of Clinical Oncology Skin Cancer (Arthur J. Sober, MD, Frank G. Haluka, MD, phD) (Bc Decker Inc‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺮﻥ ‪ ٢١‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﺷﺎﻳﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺣﺖﺗﺮ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺩﺍﻧـﺶ ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ‪ Skin cancer‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻛﻤﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ‪ text‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٤‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ Basic Concept :١‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮﺯﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ :٢‬ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻼﻧﻮﻡ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ (٤‬ﻭ ‪) BCE‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ (٥‬ﻭ ‪) Scc‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ (٦‬ﻟﻤﻔﻮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ (٧‬ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻨﮕﻨﺎﻧﺴﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﺎﻳﻊ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪) Merckle cell Carcinoma (٨:١‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ( ٨:٢‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﭘﻮﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻡ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ (٨:٣‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ Management : ٣‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻼﻧﻮﻡ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ، (٩‬ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻼﻧﻮﻡ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ،(١١‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻤﻒﻧﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺴﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻤﻒﻧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻼﻧﻮﻡ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ adjuvant therapy ،(١١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻼﻧﻮﻡ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ،(١٢‬ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧـﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻼﻧـﻮﻡ )ﻓﺼـﻞ ‪ (١٣‬ﻭ ﻛﻤـﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻴﺘﻮﻛﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻛﻤﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻼﻧﻮﻡ )ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ (١٤‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻤﻔﻮﻡ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ]‪) [MF‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ (١٧‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ : ٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫)‪AQUAMIDE; Poly Acryl Amide Ged (an injectable gel for correction of soft Tissue Deficiencies‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ‪ CD‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ‪ filler‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Cosmetic Surgery‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﮊﻝ ‪ Aquamide‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮊﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺯﻭﺑﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺗﺮﻭﻓﻴﻚ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺭ ﺁﺑﻠﻪﻣﺮﻏﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫)‪ATLAS OF COSMETIC SURGERY (MICHAEL S. KAMINER, MD, JEFFREY S. DOVER, MD, FRCPC, KENNETH A. ARNDT, MD) (W.B. SAUNDERS COMPANY) (Salekan E-Book‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ Dr. Kenneth. Arndt‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪) Dr. Leffell‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ (Yale‬ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪"' :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Cosmetic‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ Dr. Arndt .‬ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ‪ Archives of Dermatology‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺳـﺎﻝ ﺍﺣﺎﻃـﺔ ﻭﺳـﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ Cosmetic‬ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫ﺷﻜﻴﻞﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ" ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ‪ Botox‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻛﻨـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠـﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ( ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ‪ ، Botox‬ﻟﻴﺰﺭﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ Archive‬ﻭ ‪ 2001 AAD‬ﻭ ‪ 2002‬ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ‪) Harvard‬ﺑﺎ ‪ ١٣‬ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ‪ ١٢‬ﺍﻃﺎﻕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ‪ Scar management‬ﻭ ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺫﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﹰﺎ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Laser in Dermatology‬ﻣﺆﻟﻒ "‪ "Kenneth, Arndt‬ﺑﺰﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪PART I‬‬ ‫‪PART III‬‬

‫‪EVALUATION OF THE COSMETIC SURGERY PATIENT‬‬ ‫‪COSMETIC SURGERY PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES‬‬
‫‪1 The History of Cosmetic Surgery‬‬ ‫‪10 Topical Skin Care‬‬
‫‪2 The History of Cosmetic Dermatologic Surgery‬‬ ‫‪11 Lasers in the Treatment of Vascular Lesions‬‬
‫‪3 Evaluation of the Aging Face,‬‬ ‫‪12 Lasers in the Treatment of Pigmented Lesions‬‬
‫‪4 Photoaging: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Prevention‬‬ ‫‪13 Laser Hair Removal‬‬
‫‪5 Beauty and Society‬‬ ‫‪14 Liposuction‬‬
‫‪6 Psychosocial Issues and Their Relevance to the Cosmetic Surgery Patient‬‬ ‫‪15 Hair Transplantation‬‬
‫‪16 Soft Tissue Augmentation‬‬
‫‪PART II‬‬ ‫‪17 Botulinum A Exotoxin Injections for Photoaging and Hyperhidrosis,‬‬
‫‪ANESTHESIA‬‬ ‫‪18 Chemical Peels‬‬
‫‪7 Regional Anesthesia for Aesthetic Surgery‬‬ ‫‪19 Lasers in Skin Resurfacing‬‬
‫‪8 Office-Based Sedation and Monitoring‬‬ ‫‪20 Blepharoplasty‬‬
‫‪9 Postoperative Pain and Nausea Management‬‬ ‫‪21 Surgical Rhytidectomy: Face Lifts and the Endoscopic Forehead Lift‬‬
‫‪22 Leg Vein Management: Sclerotherapy, Ambulatory Phlebectomy, and Laser Surgery‬‬
‫‪23 Scar Management: Keloid, Hypertrophic, Atrophic, and Acne Scars‬‬
‫‪4.6‬‬ ‫)‪Atlas of Dermatology (Jhon's Hopkins‬‬ ‫)‪(SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫)‪(CD I , II‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﻼ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺯﻭﻟﻮﺷﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎ ‪ Sort‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٣‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Jhon's Hopkins‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٥٠٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪5.6‬‬ ‫)‪Atlas of Dermatology (T.L.Diepgen, M. Simon, A. Bittorf, M. Fartasch, G. Schuler) (with the DOIA team G. Eysenbach, J. Bauer, A. Sager) (springer‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ، ١٩٩٤‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﻴﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪ (www‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ‪ (DOIA) Dermatology online Atlas‬ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٣٠٠٠‬ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 600 DPI‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ‪ Case report ،‬ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Offline‬ﺍﺯ ‪ DOIA‬ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ online‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪6.6‬‬ ‫)‪Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in DERMATOLOGY (Klaus F. Helm, M.D., James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻃﻠﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻴﻲ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ‪ Problem-oriented‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺭﺍﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪ ١٦‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺍﺑﺘـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﺍﺱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺗﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Acrobat reader‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺎ ) ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ (animation‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ‪ CD‬ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ‪ image gallery .CD‬ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ quiz‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ‪ index incon‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪7.6‬‬ ‫)‪Botulinum Toxin Aesthetic Indications (Mauricio de Maio, Segio Talarico, Benjamin Ascher, Nam Ho Kim South‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬
‫‪8.6‬‬ ‫)‪Color Atlas and synopsis of Clinical Dermatology Common and Serious Diseases Thomas B. (Fitzpatrick, M.D. Richard Allen Johnson, M.D. Dick Suurmond, M.D‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٦٨٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﻼﺻﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪9.6‬‬ ‫)‪COLOR ATLAS OF CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY COMMON AND SERIOUS DISEASES (Salekan E-Book‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪(Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, MD, Richard Allen Johnson, MD, Klaus Wolff, MD, Dick Suurmond, MD‬‬
‫)‪10.6 Color Atlas of Dermatoxcopy 2nd, enlarged and completely revised edition (Wilhelm Stolz. Otto Braun-Falco) (Salekan E-Book‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬
‫‪11.6 Correction of Wrinkles & Augmentation of lip and cheek with Restylane & Perlane‬‬ ‫)‪(Natural beauty for as long as you like‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ Skin filler‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ‪ %١٠٠‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﺎﻧﻮﺭﻭﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ recombinant‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺋﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Restyalne , Restyane fine‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫‪ perlane‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ )ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﻡ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ : VCD‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .٢ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ animation‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻡ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .٣ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .٣ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ‪ Reslane fine‬ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .٤ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ‪ Restylana‬ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .٥ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ‪ Perlane‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﭼﻴﻦﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻘـﻲ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﻧﺎﺯﻭﺷـﻴﺎﻝ( ﻭ ‪ fonciel contouring‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ )‪ Lip enhan cemenl‬ﻭ ‪ (cheek enhancmeat‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ oral Commisure‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .٦ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .٧ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ‪ followup‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .٨ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪12.6 Cosmetic Surgery for FACE and BODY‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪13.6 COSMETIC LASER SURGERY‬‬ ‫)‪PERFECT THE TECHIQUES, REDUCE THE RISKS, AND ENJOY THE RESULTS WHEN PERFORMING COSMETIC LASER SURGERY (Richard E. Fitzpatrick Mitchel P. Goldman‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪14.6 Cosmetic Surgery‬‬ ‫‪An Interdisciplinory Approach‬‬ ‫‪BASIC AND CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY‬‬ ‫)‪(ALAN R. SHALITA, M.D., DAVID A. NORRIS, M.D‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﮔﺰﻳﻠﻮﻓﺎﺷﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺧـﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻓﻚ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Procedure‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ‪ Pre-op‬ﻭ ‪ Post-op‬ﻭ ﻓـﺮﻡ ﺭﺿـﺎﻳﺖﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳـﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺠﺮﺏﺗﺮﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺗﺎ ‪ Peel ٦‬ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ Peel‬ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ‪) total body peel‬ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‪ Chest .‬ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ( ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٦‬ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ ‪ ٧‬ﻭ ‪ ٨‬ﻭ ‪ ٩‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ٢٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻭ ‪ ٣٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ )‪ Er: YAG, Co2‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ‪ tattoo‬ﻭ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻧﺘﻪ ‪ ( hair removal‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٩‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Resurfacing‬ﺻـﺤﺒﺖ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١٠‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Dermabrasion‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١١‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٦‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻭﻙﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Skin filler‬ﻫﺎ )‪ Restiylans‬ﻭ‪ ، inerrall , Perlane‬ﻛـﻼﮊﻥ ﻭ ‪ (....‬ﻭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ ﭼﺮﺑـﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼـﻞ ‪ ١٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻـﹰﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ Gortex‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١٧‬ﺑﻪ ‪ BotulinumsToxin‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١٨‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﺎﻝﻫﺎ‪ Cyst ،‬ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ‪ flap‬ﻭ ‪ Graft‬ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ ‪ ١٢‬ﻭ ‪ ١٣‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٥‬ﺑـﻪ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﺳﺎﻛﺸـﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻴﭙﻮﺍﻧﻔﻮﺯﻳﻮﻥ ﻭ ‪ tumescent‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ‪ ٣٣‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ procedure‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ‪ fac, Neck ٢٩-٣٢‬ﻭ ‪ lifling‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ‪ Brow Reyirvenation‬ﺁﺭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٣١‬ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﻟﻤﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ‪ D. Cook‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ The cook weekend Altrnative to face lift‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٣٤‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﻣـﻮ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ Alopecia Redechion‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٣٩‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺿـﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼـﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼـﻞ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٤١‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼـﺎﺹ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻼﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﮔﺰﻳﻠﻮﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪15.6 COSMETIC LASER SURGERY For Face and Body‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪16.6 Cutaneous Laser Surgery (Second edition) The Art and Science of Selective Photothermolysis (Goldman, Fitzpartick‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ text‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻟﻴـﺰﺭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪ Cutaneous Laser Surgery‬ﭼﺎﭖ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪Cutaneus Laser‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Cosmetic Laser Surgery‬ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ‪ Laser tissue interaction‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ‪ mini text book‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ Wuond healing‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪ Post procedural wound healing‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ‪ ٤‬ﻭ ‪ ٥‬ﻭ ‪ ٦‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ co2‬ﻭ ‪ Erbium:Yag‬ﺩﺭ ‪ resurfacing‬ﻭ ‪ Er:yag‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ‪ chest‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴـﺰﺭ‬
‫‪ carbon Dioxide ultrapulse‬ﻭ ‪ Er:yag‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ‪ Nonablative Laser‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻭﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ incisional laser Surgery ٩‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١٠‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Tinas.Alster‬ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ manual of cutaneous laser techniques‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ‪ Scar revision‬ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١١‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪hair‬‬
‫‪] removal‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ[ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ mtense light source‬ﺩﺭ ‪ hair transplant‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ١٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ Co2‬ﻭ ‪ Er:yag‬ﺩﺭ ‪) hair transplant‬ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﻣـﻮ(‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ١٣‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ Leg vein‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪17.6 Cutaneous Medicine Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Disease (THOMAS T. PROVOST, MD, JOHN A.FLYNN, MD) (Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﭘﻜﻴﻨﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ٧٨٢‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ‪٧٣‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻏﻴﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Dr. Richard Dobson‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ‪ (AAD) American etcademy of Dermatology‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﺔ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﻔﻴﻤﻴﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺗﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﻮﻝ ‪Sir Willamosler‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸـﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﻴﻔﻴﻤﻴﺲ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪Procedure‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ medical Dermatologist‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻈـﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﻱ ‪AIDS‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺘﻮﻛﺴﻴﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧﻮﺳﺎﭘﺮﺳﻴﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪18.6 Dermatology: A Multi-Media Teaching File (Disc 1,2) (Gross & Microscopic Symposium) (Mosby‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪19.6 EVIDENCE-BASED DERMATOLOGY (Howard I. Maibach, MD, Sagib J. Bashir, BSc (Hons), MB, ChB, Ann McKibbon, BSc, MLS‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻢ ‪ (Evidence- Based Heatlth Care) EBMC‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ EBHC .‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ‪ -٢‬ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ‪ -٣‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ ‪ -٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ‪...‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ‪ EBME‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪20.6 Facial Lifting by "APTOS" threads Clinic of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)‪21.6 Hair Removal with Intense Pulsed Laser (IPL‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ( ‪ +‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻗﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ ،sharing‬ﻣﻮﺑﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ IPL‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ Skin type‬ﺑﺎﻻ‪ Spot size ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪ Therapeatic window ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻲ ‪ Ellipse‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ ،IPL‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ ،IPL‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ IPL‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ‪ clip‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪22.6 HAIR TRANSPLANTATION‬‬ ‫)‪(The Art of Micrografting and Minigrafting) (Salekan E-Book‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ANATOMY AND PHYSILOGY OF HAIR‬‬ ‫‪PATIENT EVALUATION‬‬ ‫‪PLANING AND PATIENT INSTRUCTUIONS‬‬ ‫‪TECHNIQUE‬‬

‫‪COMBINED FACE LIFT AND HAIR TRANSPLAYTATION‬‬ ‫‪REOPERATIVE SURGERY‬‬ ‫‪SPECIAL APPLICATIONS‬‬
‫)‪23.6 HANDBOOK OF ORAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT Cripian Scully (MARTIN DUNITZ‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٤٢٠‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻠـﺲ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺒﺔ ﺍﺗﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ‪ symptom, sign‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻟﺜﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻟﺐ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺿـﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ management ،Diagnosis ،Clinical feature ،Aetiology ،Sexmainly affected ،Agemainly affected ،incidence ،Defintion‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪24.6 Laser Hair Removal‬‬ ‫)‪(David J. Goldman) (Martin Dunits‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﻮﻫﺎ )‪ (hair removal‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ hair removal‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- Normal mode Ruby laser‬‬ ‫‪2- Normal mode alexandrite laser‬‬ ‫‪3- Diode laser‬‬ ‫‪4-‬‬ ‫‪ND: YAG laser‬‬ ‫‪5- Intense pulsed light‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪﻓﺮﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪25.6 MANAGEMENT OF FACIAL LINES AND WRINKLES (ANDREW BLITZER, WILLIAM J. BINDER, J. BRIAN BOYD ALASTAIR CARRUTHERS) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻭﻙﻫﺎ )‪ (Line 8 Wrinkle‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ‪ exfoliants‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪ Superfical peel‬ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Chemical ، Vitamins‬ﺑﺎﻓﻨﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪ ، TCA‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ‪ Peel‬ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ Dermabrasion ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ implant‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ Dermal Allograft‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ‪ GORTEX‬ﺗـﺰﺭﻱ ﻛـﻼﮊﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺑﻲ‪ Directexcision ،‬ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻭﻙﻫﺎ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ facelifting, endoscopic Browloft Skeletal frame‬ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺗﻮﻟﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ‪ Botulinium Toxin‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻭﻙﻫﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ‪ Botulinumtoxin‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٢١‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻜﺲ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ‪ Computer imaging‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪33‬‬
‫)‪26.6 MANUAL OF CUTANEOUS LASER TECHNIQUES (Second Edition) (Tinal S. Alster, M.D.) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١٢‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ )‪ (Patient selection‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ edition‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪ erbium :YAG laser‬ﻭ ‪ Resurfacing‬ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻔﺘﮓ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ‪ hair removal‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪ Cutaneous Laser in Medicine‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ‪ Fitzpatric‬ﻭ ‪ Goldman‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺮﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫‪ facial rejuvenation‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪27.6 PHYSICAL SIGNS IN DERMATOLOGY (SECOND EDITION‬‬ ‫)‪Clifford M Lawrence Neil H Cox (Joseph L Jorizzo) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٧٠٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ )ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻮﺍﻳﻤﻮﻥ ﻭ ‪ ( ...‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻳﻚ ‪ approach‬ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ test‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﻭ ‪pitfalls‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ‪ Dr. Joav Merick‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺷﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﻴﺼﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﻫﺪ‪...‬‬
‫‪28.6 Practical MINOR SURGERY‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪29.6 Primer of Dermatopathology‬‬ ‫)‪(Third Edition) (Antoinette F. Hood, Thedore H. Kwan, Martin C. Mihm, Jr., Thomas D. Horn, Bruce R. Smoller‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪1. Introduction‬‬ ‫‪3. Basement Membrane Zone, Oaoillary Dermis, and Superficial Vascular Plexus‬‬ ‫‪4. Reticular Dermis‬‬ ‫‪7. Bonus Quizzes‬‬
‫‪2. Epidermis‬‬ ‫‪5. Appendages‬‬ ‫‪6. Panniculus‬‬
‫‪30.6‬‬ ‫)‪Radiosurgical Treatment of Superficial Skin Lesions (S. Randolph Waldman, M.D.‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪31.6‬‬ ‫)‪Radiosurgical Vaporization of Dermatologic Lesions (Dr. Stephen Chiarello‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪1- Rhinophyma‬‬ ‫‪2- Keratosis Removal‬‬ ‫)‪3. Scar Revision (Back‬‬ ‫)‪4. Basel Cell Carcinoma (Nasal Tip‬‬ ‫)‪5. Scar Revision (Nose‬‬ ‫)‪6. Basal Cell Carcinoma (Nasal Bridge‬‬
‫)‪7. Scar Revision (Lower Forehead‬‬ ‫‪8. Radiosurgery in ENT‬‬ ‫‪9. Turbinate Shrinkage‬‬ ‫‪10. Rhinoplasty‬‬ ‫‪11. Tonsillectomy‬‬ ‫‪12. Tympanoplasty‬‬
‫‪32.6‬‬ ‫‪Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery‬‬ ‫)‪(SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ( ‪ +‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻗﺖﮔﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ ،sharing‬ﻣﻮﺑﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ IPL‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ Skin type‬ﺑﺎﻻ‪ Spot size ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪ Therapeatic window ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻲ ‪ Ellipse‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ ،IPL‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ ،IPL‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ IPL‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻭﻳـﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳـﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ‪ clip‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪33.6 REFINEMENT IN HAIR TRANSPLANTATION: Micro and minigraft Megasession (Alfonso Barrera, M.D.‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ )ﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ ‪ ١-٢‬ﻣﻮ( ﻭ ﻣﻴﻨﻲﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ )ﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ ‪ ٣-٤‬ﻣﻮ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻣﻮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻣﻮ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﻮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٤‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫ﻼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٥‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ face lifting‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٦‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻨﻲﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٧‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻨﻲﮔﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ،Scafp‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺧﻂ ﺭﻳﺶ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ،face lift‬ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺍﺑﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﭙﻮﺳﭙﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﮋﻩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٧‬ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪34.6 Skin Rejuvenation with skin filler (E.E.A. Derm‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪ CD‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺴﺘﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ‪ Juvederm‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ‪ ،CD‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺁﻧﺴﺘﺰﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺯﻭﺑﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ‪ Juvederm30‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ Juvederm24‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺮﻭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎ ‪ Juvederm18‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪35.6 Textbook of Dermatology (Sixth Editions) (R.H. CHAMPION, J.L. BURTON, D.A.BURNS, S.M.BREATHNACH) (ROOK) (Software c Gention I.T. Consuliants Ltd.,) Version 1.2.0‬‬ ‫‪1998‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ Rook‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٤‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﻭ ‪ ٣٦٨٣‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ % ٢٥ -٣٠‬ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪ CD‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ Slide Conference‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ‪ Board certification‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪36.6 Textbook of Dermatology (Rook's‬‬ ‫)‪(Seven Edition) (Volume 1-4) (E-Book‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬
‫)‪37.6 Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology (JOHN HARPER ARNOLD ORANJE NEIL PROSE) (VOLUME 1 , 2‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ‪ Pediatric dermatology‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ‪ Subspeciality‬ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ‪ encyclopedic text‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ (RooK) text book of general dermatology‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ‪ 185‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ board cerificaition‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﭘﺮﻩﻧﺎﺗﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ‪ adolescent‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Psoriasis‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﻨﭽﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﭙﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺸﻤﺎﻧﻴﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﻴﻚ ﺗﺮﭘﻮﻧﻮﻣﺎﺗﻮﺯ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ‪ ftrsthand knowledge‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻟﻴـﺰﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Sedation‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ Surgery‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ Surgery‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﺓ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻣﺸـﺘﻤﻞ ﺑـﺮ ‪ tissue expansion‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ ،graft‬ﻛﺸﺖ ﻛﺮﺍﺗﻴﻨﻮﺳﻴﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ Pediatric dermatology‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﮋﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪38.6‬‬ ‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪Aging‬‬ ‫‪Face‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Systematic‬‬ ‫‪Approach‬‬ ‫‪(Calvin‬‬ ‫‪M.‬‬ ‫‪Johnson,‬‬ ‫‪Jr.,‬‬ ‫‪Ramsey‬‬ ‫)‪Alsarraf‬‬ ‫)‪(CD I , II‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪CD I:‬‬
‫‪y The Coronal Browlift: 1. Introduction 2. The Incision‬‬ ‫‪3. The Corrugator Muscles‬‬ ‫‪4. The Procerus and frontalis‬‬ ‫‪5. Closure‬‬
‫‪y Blepharoplasty:‬‬ ‫‪1. Uooer Lids‬‬ ‫‪3. Marking and Incision 5. Skin and Muscle‬‬ ‫‪7. Fat Removal‬‬ ‫‪9. Closure‬‬
‫‪2. Lower Lids‬‬ ‫‪4. The Incision‬‬ ‫‪6. Fant Removal‬‬ ‫‪8. The Skin Pinch‬‬
‫‪CD II:‬‬
‫‪-The Deep Plane Facelift‬‬ ‫‪-Marking and Incision‬‬ ‫‪-Skin Elevation‬‬ ‫‪-The Deep Plane‬‬ ‫‪-The Submental Region‬‬ ‫‪-Resuspension‬‬ ‫‪-Closure‬‬
‫)‪39.6 Treatment of Skin Disease Comprehensive therapeutic Strategies (Mark G Lebwohl Warren R Heymann, John Berth-Jones, Ian Coulson) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) (MOSBY‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ‪ +‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ‪ +‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ‪ management‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻪ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ )ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﭼﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ )‪(specific investigations‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪) management strategy‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺷﻮﺩ(‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ )ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺧﻂ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺧﻂ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ( ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ evidence-Based‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺯ ‪ A-E‬ﻧﺎﻡﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻛﻨﻪ ﺍﺗﺮﻭﮊﺳﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻲ )‪ (A‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻭﻧﻮﺍﺭﻛﺘﻮﻥ )‪ (B‬ﻧﺎﻡﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ )‪ (A‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ )‪ (double blind study‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ )‪ (B‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ )‪ (Clinical trial‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٢١٣‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫‪40.6 USING BOTULINUM TOXINS COSMETICALLY‬‬ ‫)‪(Jean Carruthers, Alastair Carruthers‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫‪Horizontal Forehead Lines‬‬ ‫‪Periorbitalarea Infraorbital Orbicularis Oculi‬‬ ‫‪MID and Lower Face Perioal Rhytides‬‬
‫‪Brow Injections Brow Lift‬‬ ‫‪Periorbitalarea Lateral Orbital Wrinkles‬‬ ‫‪MID and Lower Face Perioral Rhytides‬‬ ‫‪MID and Lower Face Nasalis‬‬
‫‪Cervical Injections Vertical Platysmal Bands‬‬ ‫‪Acknowledgemetns‬‬ ‫‪MID and Lower Face Mouthe Frown and Mentalis‬‬ ‫‪Cervical Injections Horizontal Necklace Lines‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﭘﺪﻱ‬-٧

CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

1.7 A New Generation in Cemented Hip Design (VCD) (Part I , II) (David S. Hungerford, Clayton R. Perry) ‫ــــــ‬
Segment I: Core Decomtpression Segment II: Trauma Case Studies: Retrograde Femoral Nailing
2.7 AO Image Collection AO Principles of fracture Management (T.P. Ruedi, W.M. Murphy) 2001
3.7 AO International AO Teaching Series-LCP (Thomas P. Ruedi, Prof. Michael Wagner) 2002
Foreword-Basics LCP system LCP cases Literature and studies
Methods of osteosynthesis Description Humerus Related Literature
AO Principles Implants and instruments Forearm Study results
Biomechanical Principles Application Pelvis and acetabulum
Surgical techniques Indications Femur
Operating techniques Tibia
Periprosthetic
4.7 AO Principles of Fracture Management (Thomas P. Ruedi, William M. Murphy) (CD I , II) 2001
1- AO philosophy and Its basis 2- Decision making and planning 3- Reduction and fixation techniques 4- Specific fractures 5- General topics 6- Complications
5.7 Atlas of Orthopaedics Surgery (Disk 1-6) ‫ــــــ‬
Disk 1: Condylar Plate Fixation in the Distal Femur, Malleolar Fracture Fixation, Malleolar Fracture Type B, Malleolar Fracture Type C, Tension Band Wiring on the Elbow
Femoral Neck Rfacture Large Cannulated System, Fracture of the Radius Shaft 3.5 LC-DCP, Screw Fixation and Plating
Disk 2: Techniques of Absolute Stability, Proximal Humerus Fracture, Reduction with Clamps, Posterior Wall Fracture, Posteror + Transverse Wall Fracture,
Undeamed Tibial Nail (UTN), Intraaticular Fracture of the Distal Humerus
Disk 3: Fracture of the Tibiaplateau, Tibia Fracture in Foarm LEG UTN, Reduction Techniq, The Undeamed Femoral Nail System, Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS),
Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS), Pilon Tibial Fractures (Foamed Foot)
Disk 4: Application of Large Distractor, AO Asif External Fixator, PC-FIX Point Contact Fixator an Internal Biologicl, The Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN),
Bicondylar Fracture of Tibia Plateau, Minimal Invasive Plating of the Tibia
Disk 5: Direct and Indirect Reduction Techniques, Short Oblique Radius Fracture, Small External Fixator, Intraarticular Fracture Distal Radius, Distal Radius,
Open Reduction & Fractures of the Calcaneus, Postoperative Treatment, Internal Fixation of a Humeral Shaft Fracture
Disk 6: High Cinematography of a Butterfly Fracture, Posterior, Pelvic Fixations Symphysis Pubis & Pubic Rami, Pelvic Fixations, Anterior Plate Fixation 53028,
The Pelvic C-Clamp, Liss Less Invasive Stabilization System, LCP Locking Compression Plate
6.7 Body in Motion (Susan K. Hillman)
2003
-Anatomy -Content -Everything -Anatomy Text -Surface Anatomy Videos -Muscle Aciton Videos
7.7 CCC (Core Curriculum in Primary Care) Orthopedics/Sport Medicine Section
‫ــــــ‬
1- Introduction 2- Orthopedic Procedures: A Rheumatology's Perspective 3- Xercise and Aging A Prescripton for life 4- Foot and Ankle Problems Part Two

8.7 Click'X VenttoFix SynCage (J. Webb, O. Schwarzenbach J. Thalgott) (VCD) (AO ASIF OFFICIAL TAPE) ‫ــــــ‬

9.7 FRACTURES IN ADULTS (ROCKWOOD AND GREEN'S) ‫ــــــ‬

1- General Principles 2- Upper Extremity 3- Spine 4- Lower Extremity
10.7 FRACTURES IN CHILDREN General Principlse Upper Extremity Spine Lower Extremity (ROCKWOOD AND WILKINS) (James H. Beaty, James R. Kasser) ‫ــــــ‬
11.7 FRACTURES OF THE PELVIS AND ACETABULUM (G.F. Zinghi, A. Briccoli, P.Bungaro) (Salekan E-Book) ‫ــــــ‬
12.7 Gait Analysis an introduction (Third Edition) An interactive multi-media presentation produced using polygon software (Micheal W. Whittle) ‫ــــــ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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33.1 Imaging of Spinal Trauma in Children (Lawrence R. Kuhns, M.D.) (University of Michigan Medical Center) ___
Principles AND TECHNIQUES ATLAS OF SPINAL INJURIES IN CHILDREN
Epidemiology Normal Spine Variants and Anatomy Special Views and Techniques Cervcal Spine Lumbar Spine
Measurements Mechanisms and Patterns of Injury Experimental and Necropsy Data Thoracic Spine Sacrococcygeal Spine
Occipitocervical Injuries Thoracic Spine Injuries Sacral Injuries Lumbar
13.7 1. Interactive Spine ‫ــــــ‬
Interactive orthopaedics

2. Interactive Hand
and Sport Medicine

3. Interactive hand therapy

4. Interactive Hip
5. Interactive Shoulder
6. Interactive Knee
7. Sports Injuries The Knee
8. Interactive Food and Ankle
9. Interactve Skeleton
14.7 Internal Fixation of a Humeral Shaft Fracture with the UHN (P.M.Rommens, J. Blum) ‫ــــــ‬
-Technical Information -Operation -Postoperative Concept -Poat-op –X-ray control - Poat-op treatment

15.7 MASTER TECHNIQUES IN ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY RECONSTRUCTIVE KNEE SURGERY Southern California Center for Sports Medicine Long Beach, California (DOUGLAS W. JACKSON, M.D.) ‫ــــــ‬

:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬serch ‫ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬TEXT ‫ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ebook ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Operating Room Environment PART IV INTRAARTICULAR FRACTURES OF THE TIBIA AND PATELLA
PART I EXTENSOR MECHANISM PATELLOFEMORAL PROBLEMS Arthroscopic Management of Intraarticular Tibial Fractures
Arthroscopic Lateral Release of the Patella with Electrocautery Anteromedial Tibial Tubercle Arthroscopically-Assisted Fixation of Patella Fractures
Transfer Patellectomy Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Intraarticular Fractures of the Tibia
PART II MENISCUS SURGERY
Meniscus Repair: The Outside-In Technique PART V ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND SYNOVIUM
Meniscus Repair: The Inside-Out Technique Arthroscopic Chondroplasty
Meniscus Repair: The All-Inside Arthroscopic Technique Osteochondritis Dissecans
PART III LIGAMENT INJURIES AND INSTABILITY Arthroscopic Synovectomy
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Arthroscope-Assisted Posterior Cruciate Ligament Repair/Reconstruction
Posterolateral Corner Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Surgical Technique for Knee Dislocations
High Tibial Osteotomy in Knees with Associated Chronic Ligament Deficiencies
35.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Orthopedics and Sport Medicine (David W. Stoller) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﭘﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺐ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬MRI ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
MRI ‫ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬-١ MRI ‫ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ‬-٦ ‫ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ‬MRI ‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ‬-١١ ‫ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ‬-١٦
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﺎﻝ‬Echo-Planar ‫ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬-٢ ‫ ﻋﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﮊﻧﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻋﻀﺮﻭﻓﻲ‬MRI -٧ (Hip) ‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺭﺍﻥ‬-١٢ ‫ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ‬MRI -١٧
‫ ﺯﺍﻧﻮ‬-٣ ‫ ﻣﭻ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎ‬-٨ ‫ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ‬-١٣
‫ ﺁﺭﻧﺞ‬-٤ ‫ ﻣﭻ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ‬-٩ (TMJ) ‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﻮﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺪﻳﺒﻮﻻﺭ‬-١٤
Kinematic MRI -٥ ‫ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬-١٠ ‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‬MRI ‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬-١٥
16.7 MATHYS ORTHOPAEDICS (VCD) (Video-Atelier Othmar Keel AG) ‫ــــــ‬
-CCA - Straight Shaft -CCE -Vault Pan -CCB -Socket -CBC Stem -RM Cup
17.7 MATHYS-ORTHOPAEDICS HIP PROSTHESES (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬

1. Cemented Stem-CCA 2. Cemented Cup-CCB 3. Cementless Steam-CBC 4. Cementless Cup-RM Cup

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 37
18.7 Operative Arthroscopy (Third Edition) (John B. McGinty) (Lippincot, Williams & Wilkins) 2003
Shoulder:
Arthroscopic Cuff Repair: -Mssive U-Shaped Tear: Subscapulais, Infraspinatus and Biceps (Stephen S. Burkhar, MD San Antonio, Texas)
-Partial: Repair of Oartial Articular Sufrace Rotator Cuff Tear (Stephen S. Burkhar, MD San Antonio, Texas), San Antonio, Texas
Slap Lesions: -Arthroscopic Repair of the Slap Lesion (Stephen S. Burkhar, MD San Antonio, Texas)
19.7 Operative Arthroscopy (Third Edition) (John B. McGinty) (Lippincot, Williams & Wilkins) 2003
Hip: Southern Sport Medicine & Orthopaedic Center
Operative Hip Arthroscopy: -Dense Soft Tissue Envelope -Constrained Ball and Socket Anatomy -Thick Capsule, Limited Compliance
20.7 Operative Arthroscopy (Third Edition) (John B. McGinty) (Lippincot, Williams & Wilkins) 2003
Ankle: Ankle Arthroscopy (James Tasto M.D.)
- Ankle & Subtalar Arthroscopy
21.7 Operative Arthroscopy (Third Edition) (John B. McGinty) (Lippincot, Williams & Wilkins) 2003

Wrist: Wrist Arthroscopy (Robert Richards MD FRCSC)

-Portal Markings -Establishing the 3/4 Portal -Radiocarpal Arthroscopy
Carpal Tunnel Release
22.7 Operative Arthroscopy (Third Edition) (John B. McGinty) (Lippincot, Williams & Wilkins) 2003

Knee (CD-1): Arthroscopic meniscal repair: -suture repair -implantable fixation

Knee (CD-2): -ACL -Complex articular surface injuries -Fractures -Patellofemoral
23.7 Operative Arthroscopy (SECOND EDITION) (John B. McGinty) ‫ــــــ‬

1- Basic Principles 2- The Knee 3- The Shoulder 4- The Elbow 5- The Wrist 6- The Foot and Ankle 7- The Temporomandibular Joint 8- The Spine 9- The Hip
24.7 Operative Orthopaedics (Ninth Edition) (CAMPBELL'S) (S. TERRY CANALE) 1999
.‫ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Serch ‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﭘﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬TEXT ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
25.7 OPERATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS (CAMPBELL'S) 2003
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﭙﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬TEXT ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Trochanteric osteotomy-hip revision Arthroscopic assisted ACL reconstruction Screw fixation SCFE Intramedullary nailing forearm fracture
Reconstruction nailing femoral fracture Chevron osteotomy hallux valgus Ligament balancing Knee arthroplasty ORIF calconeal fracture
Anterior Cervical discectomy & fusion
26.7 ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY (Third Edition) (CHAPMAN) 2002
- Surgical Principles and Techniques - Fractures, Dislocations, Nonunions and Malunions - The Hand - The Foot
- Sport Medicine - Neoplastic, Infectious - Neurologic and Other - Joint Reconstruction, Arthritis, and Arthroplasty
- Skeletal Disorders - The Spine - Pediatric Disorders
27.7 OPERATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS (CAMPBELL'S) (Tenth Edition) (Volume 1-4) (E-Book) (S. Terry Canale, MD) 2003
28.7 PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS (Lovell and Winter's) (Fifth edition) (Salekan E-Book) (Volume II) 2001
KYPHOSIS THE UPPER LIMB SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS
DEVELOPMENTAL COXA VARA, TRANSIENT SYNOVITIS,
SPONDYLOLYSIS AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS DEVELOPMENTAL HIP DYSPLASIA AND DISLOCATION
AND IDIOPATHIC CHONDROLYSIS OF THE HIP
THE CERVICAL SPINE LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES SYNDROME THE LOWER EXTREMITY

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 38
LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY THE FOOT THE LIMB-DEFICIENT CHILD
SPORTS MEDICINE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES THE ROLE OF THE ORTHOPAEDICS IN CHILD ABUSE
29.7 Photographic manual of Regional Orthopaedic and Neurological Tests ‫ــــ‬
.‫ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬.‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﭘﺪﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬٨٥٠ ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﻳـﻚ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺿـﻮﺡ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫﻨـﺪ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬Test ‫ ﻫﺮ‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹﺗﺮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬Sensitivity/Relialility Scale
45.1 Radiology imaging Bank: Orthopeadic
1. Section 2. History 3. Findings 4. Diagnosis 5. Images 6. Classification 7. Imagenumber
30.7 Range of Motion-AO Neutral-O Method ‫ــــــ‬
31.7 SPINE (VCD 1-A) (J. o' Dowd, P. Moulin, E. Morscher P. Moutin, J. Webb, M. Aebi) ‫ــــــ‬
Cervical Spine Locking Plate Posterior Plating Technique
Pedicie Identification (Conultant: J. O'Dowd) Cervical Spine Locking Plate: Corporectomy C6 (P. Moulin)
Vertebrectomy C6 (J. Webb, M. Aebi) C6 to T1 (J. Webb, M.Aebi)
CS-Titanium Locking Plate (E. Morscher P.Moutin) Cervical Spine Locking Plate (P. Moulin) Posterior Cervical Plate Fixation ( C2-T1) ( j.wEBB, M.Aebi)
32.7 SPINE (VCD 1-B) (M. Aebi, J. Webb, Ghr. Ulrich, J. Nothwang, B. Jeanneret, M. Aebi J. Webb, J. Webb, M. Aebi P. Bryne) ‫ــــــ‬
AnteriorFixation of the Dens with Cannulated Screws ( M. Aebi, J. Webb Ghr. Ulrich, J. Nothwang) U.S.S: Lumbosacral Stabilisation: Back-Opening Pedicte Screws (M. Aebi J. Webb)
Cervix: Fixation C3-C7 in Presenceb of a Laminectomy ( B. Jeanneret) USS: Lumbosacral Fusion Sacral Implants (J. Webb M.Aebi P.Bryne)
U.S.S: Lumbar Degenrrative Scotiosis Side-Opening Pedicte Screws (M.Aebi J.Webb)
33.7 SPINE (VCD 1-C) (J. Webb, M. Aebi, G.Wisner, J. Webb M. Aebi, J. Webb M. Aebi, J. O'Dowd) ‫ــــــ‬
USS: Lumbosacral Stabilisation Side Opening Pedicle Screws Universal Spine System Thoraco - Lumbar Universal Spine Right Thoracic Scoliosis: Side Opening hooks & Screws
(J.Webb, M.Aebi, G. Winsner) Fractures (J. Webb M. Aebi) System: (J.Webb, M.Aebi, J.O'Dowd)
34.7 SPINE (VCD 1-D) (J. Webb, O. Schwarzenbach, J. Thalgott & J. Webb, J. Webb) ‫ــــــ‬
Click'X (J.Webb) The Snterior Rod System (J.Thalgott & J.Webb) Contact Fusion Cage (J.Webb)
35.7 SPINE implants (CD I , II) ‫ــــ‬
.‫ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬CD ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬: CD I
.‫ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﻮﺍﻧﻴﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬Diapasone-hook ‫ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬CD ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬: CD II
36.7 Surgery of the Foot and Ankle (Michael J. Coughlin, Roger A. Mann) 1999
Volume One:
1. General Considerations 2. The forefoot 3. Postural Disorders 4. Neurologic Disorders 5. Arthritic Conditions
Volume Two:
1. Miscellaneous Disorders 2. Sports Medicine 3. Pediatrics 4. Trauma
37.7 Surgery of the Knee (Third Edition) (John N. Insall, W. Norman Scott) 2001
1- VIDEO 2- PHOTOS 3- ILLUSTRATIONS 4- 3D KNEE 5-IMAGING
- Anatomy -Anatomical Aberrations -Biomechanics -Imaging -Surgical Approaches
38.7 The Adult Hip On CD ‫ــــــ‬
39.7 The Shoulder (2 nd
Edition) (Rockwood and Matsen) ‫ــــــ‬
1- Disorders of the Acromiocavicular Joint 2- Disorders of the Sternoclavicular Joint 3- Glenohumeral Instability 4- Glenohumeral Arthritis and Its Management
40.7 The Unreamed Femoral Nail System (N. Sudkamp P. Duwelius) ‫ــــــ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 39
41.7 Video Collection Labor for Experimental Orthopaedics Surgery AO/ASIF VCD (CD 1-10) ‫ــــــ‬
VCD 1-A ( R Texhammar, P Holzach)
AO/ASIF Instrumentation Care and Maintenance PreOperative Preparation of the Patient Approaches to the Femur, Pelvis Knee and Elbow

VCD 1-B (P Matter M.D., S.M. Perren, B Noesberger)

Approach to the Proximal Femur and Elbow After-Care Following Lower Leg Surgery Dynamic Compression Unit Approaches to the Upper Limb Reduction Techniques DCP 4.5 Compression Tibial Shaft

VCD 1-C (B Noesberger, J.Stadler, P. Holzach, Th. Ruedi)

DCP 4.5 Butterss Tibial Plateau LC-DCP 4.5 for the Distal Tbia DCP 3.5 Radius Shaft 3.5 LC-DCP DCP 4.5 Neutralization Plate of a Spiral Fracture Fracture of the Radius Shaft 3.5 LC-DCP with Shaft screws

VCD 2-A (S.M. Perren, K.M. Pfeiffer M.D.)

. Correctional Osteotomy (dist. Radius) . Basic Lag Screw Techniques . Internal Fixation of a Closed Butterfly Fracture of Right Tibia (Operation Video)
VCD 2-B (Th. Ruedi, J. Mast M.D., P.E Ochsner)
Fracture of the Lateral Tibiaplateau Indirect Reduction and Plate Fixation of a Pilon Fracture Malleolar Fracture Type B
Pilon Fracture Malleolar fracture Type A Malleolar Fracture Type C

VCD 2-C (T.Ruedi, P.Holzach, Th. Ruedi M. Schuler, P. Hozach, P Regazzoni, Th. Ruedi M.D.)
Proximal Humerus Fracture Tension Band Wiring of the Elbow Intaarticular Type C Fracture of the Distal Humerus Condylar Plate Fixation in the Distal Femur
Distal Humerus Fracture Type C 1.3 Dynamic Hip Screw Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS) Proximal Femur

VCD 3-A (R. Ganz R.P. Jakob P.Koch, Th Ruedi M.D., P.Regazzoni)
Condylar Plate Proximal Femur Large Cannulated Screw System AO/ASIF External Fixator

VCD 3-B
Small External Fixator Using the Small Air Drill
Distractor Handling Compact Air Drive Basic Operating Procedure & Working with attachments AO Universal Femoral Nail With Distractor
Consultant Seija Pearson Intramedullary Nailing with the AO/ASIF Universal Femoral Nail

VCD 3-C (R. Frigg, D. Hontzsch, Th. Ruedi)

The Interlocking of the Universal Femoral Intramedullary Nail Intramedullary Nailing of the Tibia
Opening Procedure of the Tibial Cavity for Intramedullary Nailing Intramedullary Nailing of the Tibia with a Pseudarthrosis
The Universal Tibial Nail Mid-Shaft Tibial Fracture Locked Universal Nail

VCD4 (R. Frigg, Ch. Krettek)

UTN Unreamed Tibial Nail Distal Aiming Device for UTN

‫ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬-٨
CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
1.8 Atlas of Clinical Oncology Tumors of the Eye and Ocular Adnexa (American Cancer Society) (Devron H. Char, MD) 2001

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪40‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- LID AND CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS‬‬ ‫‪2- UVEAL AND INTRAOCULAR TUMORS‬‬ ‫‪3- RETINAL AND OPTIC NERVEHEAD TUMORS‬‬ ‫‪4- ORBITAL TUMORS‬‬
‫‪2.8‬‬ ‫)‪ATLAS OF OPHTALMOLOGY (RICHARD K. PARRISG II) (CD I , II) (Mosby‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫‪3.8‬‬ ‫)‪ATLAS OF OPHTHALOMOLGY (SUE FORDRONALD MARSH) (Mosby‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ‪ text‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﻲ ﺍﻃﻠﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪CD .‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷـﺪﻩﺗـﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻠﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪ Search‬ﻭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ‪ Case‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻃﻠـﺲﻫـﺎ ﭼـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ‪ Practice‬ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪4.8‬‬ ‫)‪Basic and Clinical Science Course Retina and Vitreous (Section 12) (American Academy of Ophthalmology‬‬ ‫)‪(SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬

‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪Basic Ophthalmology‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫‪Physiology of the Eye‬‬
‫‪6.8‬‬ ‫)‪OPHTHALMOLOGY (Myron Yanoff.Jay S. Duker) (Mosby‬‬
‫‪7.8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD ٣‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪CD‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻄﻒ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫‪8.8‬‬ ‫‪Clinical update course on Retina‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ CD‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪CD‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ‪ (Lifelong education for the ophthalmologist) LEO‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )‪ (AAO‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ‪ Lecture ١٥‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻠـﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻴـﺮﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺗﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ endophthalmitis ،macular hole ،BRVO ،DR ،AMD‬ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪9.8‬‬ ‫)‪Clinical Update Course on Neuro-ophthalmology (Peter J. Savino, MD, Steven E. Feldon. MD, Barrett Katz, MD, Thmas L. Slamovits, MD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ‪ Lecture ٩‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺁﻣـﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪ LTP ،Perimetry‬ﻭ ‪ CPC‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪10.8 Complications in Phacoemulsification‬‬ ‫)‪(SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪ phacosurgen‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ … , H. Gimbel ، H. Fine‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ ، Phaco‬ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺷـﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺴﻢ ﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ management‬ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪11.8 CONTACT LENS COMPLICATIONS Efron Grading Morphs For the clinical assessment of contact lens complications (NATHAN EFRON, PHILIP MORGAN‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬

‫‪، epithelial‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻟﻨﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺒـﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﺩﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻧﻲ ﻧﻤـﺎﻳﺶ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜـﻪ ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ‪ Grading‬ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺿـﻲ ﭼـﻮﻥ ‪microcystes ،epithelial polymegethism‬‬
‫‪ papillary conjunctivitis‬ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪12.8 Dodick Laser Photolysis (Ultra Small Incision Cataract Surgery) (Jack M. Dodik‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery Surgical Cases Provided by Photolysis System Manufacturer‬‬
‫‪13.8 Diabetes And The Eye‬‬ ‫)‪(Hamish MA Towler, Julian A Patterson, Susan Lightman‬‬ ‫‪Department of Clinical Ophthalmology Institute of Ophthalmology University College London‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ‪ diabetic retinopathy‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ Fluorescein angiography‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻋﻜـﺲ ﻭ ‪ text‬ﺁﻣـﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪ Seff-test‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪14.8 DICTIONARY OF VISUAL SCIENCE AND RELATED CLINICAL TERMS (Henry W. Hofstetter, John R. Griffin, Morris S. Berman, Ronald W. Everson‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫)‪15.8 Duane’s Ophthalmology (Foundations of clinical Ophthalmology) (LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬

‫‪16.8 Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) Advantages and Indications‬‬ ‫)‪(David I. Silbert, MD FAAP‬‬ ‫)‪(CD I , II‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫‪17.8 EENT‬‬ ‫‪Welch Allyn Institute of Interactive Learning‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 41
18.8 Endoscopic Laser Assisted Lacrimal Surgery (Russel S. Gonnering, MD) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬

.‫ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺷﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ‬VCD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬endoscopic laser ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻻﻛﺮﻳﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
19.8 Enucleation Techniques With MEDPOR Orbital Implant MCP Placement in a Vascularized MEDPOR Implant (VCD) (Charles N. S. Soparker, Peter A. D.) ‫ــــ‬
Natural Movement For Artificial Eyes With MEDPOR Biomaterial Orbit Implants ans the MEDPOR MPC Motility Coupling Post (VCD) (POREX)
20.8 Orbital Floor reconstruction using MEDPOR surgical implants

21.8 ‫ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺗـﺰ‬drilling ‫ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ‬MEDPOR ‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻼﻧﺖ‬،enucleation ‫ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬CD ٢ .‫ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺭﺑﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬MEDPOR ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻼﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬VCD ٣
.‫ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬MEDPOR Surgical implant ‫ ﺳﻮﻡ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﻓﻜﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺭﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ‬CD ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ‬Motility ‫ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ‬MCP ‫ ﻭ‬implant ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
16.2 Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (Terence M. Davidson, MD) (VCD I , II) ‫ــــــ‬
22.8 FUNDAMENTALS OF CORMEAL TOPOGRAPHY ‫ــــ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻗﺮﻧﻴـﻪ‬artefact ،‫ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬،‫ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﻧﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬.‫ ﺟﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ‬
.‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬OSCE ‫ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬CD ‫ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ‬.‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
23.8 Glaucoma Basic and Clinical Science Course (Section 10) (Salekan E-Book) 2003

24.8 Hereditary Retinal Dystrophies (Ulrich Kellner, Markus Ladewing, Christoph Heinrich) 2000
25.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 1995 Annual Meeting
Cataract & Refractive Sugery

26.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 1996 Annual Meeting

27.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 1997 Annual Meeting
، I.Howard Fine ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺟﺴـــﺘﻪﺗـــﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـــﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـــﺪ‬Cataract & refractive Surgury ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑـــﺎﺏ‬Lecture ‫ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـــﻞ ﺣـــﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﻫﻬـــﺎ‬CD
28.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 1998 Annual Meeting ‫ ﺁﺧـﺮﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓـﻴﻠﻢ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ‬... ‫ ﻭ‬Robert J. Cionni ، Roger F. Steinert، Douglas D. Koch
29.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 1999 Annual Meeting ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬CD ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣـﻮﺯﺵ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‬PRK ‫ ﻭ‬LASIK ‫ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻓﺮﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬Phacoemulsification ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ‬
30.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 2000 Annual Meeting
31.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 2001 Annual Meeting
.‫ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬LASIK ‫ ﻭ‬Phaco ‫ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﻱ‬
32.8 Highlights of the ASCRS 2003 Annual Meeting
33.8 Highlights of the XVIIth Congress of the ESCRS VIENNA'99 (EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CATARACT & REFRACTIVE SURGEONS) ‫ــــ‬

34.8 Highlights of the XVIIth Congress of the ESCRS VIENNA'99 (EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CATARACT & REFRACTIVE SURGEONS) ‫ــــ‬
1. Intrastromal Corneal Rings 2. Multifocal IOLs 3. Cataract Technidues 4. LASIK: Muopia & Mixed Astigmatism 5. Phakic IOLs
35.8 Illustrated Tutorials Clinical Ophthalmology (Jack J Kansski, Anne Bolton) ‫ــــ‬
36.8 Implantation of AcryFlex Foldable Lens (Surgery Performed by Dr. Jagdeep M Kakadla) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
37.8 IMPLANTE MEDPOR MANDIBULAR (VCD), (AJL OPHTHALMIC, S.A.) ‫ــــ‬
38.8 IMPROVING SUCCESS IN FILTRATION SURGERY American Academy of Ophthalmology (BRADFORD J. SHINGLETON) ‫ــــ‬

‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬Filstratioh Surgery ‫ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬Viscocanalostomy ‫ ﻭ‬Deep Sclerectomy ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬
39.8 Incomitant Deviatons (4 edition) a supplement chapter 17 of Pickwell's Binocular Vision Anomalies
th
2000
‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬... ‫ ﻭ‬Brown's ، Duane's ‫ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡﻫﺎﻱ‬rectus ‫ﻭ‬ oblique ‫ ﻛﻢﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬،‫ ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬Comitant ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻢﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬Case ‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬،‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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40.8 Intraocular Inflammation and Uveitis (Section 9) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 2003

41.8 LEO Clinical Update Course on Retina (H. Michael Lambert, Charles. Arr, J. Paul Diechert, Mark W. Johnson, James S. Tiedeman) ‫ــــ‬

42.8 LEO Clinical Update Course on Cataract (Stephen S. Lane, MD, Alan S. Candall, MD, Douglas D. Koch, MD, Roger F. Steinert, MD) ‫ــــ‬

43.8 LEO Clinical Update Course on Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (American Academy of Ophthalmology) 2000
‫ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓـﻲ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮﻥ‬Lecture ١٣ ‫( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬AAO) ‫( ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬Lifelong education for the ophthalmologist)LEO ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬CD ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ‬CD
.‫ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬،ROP ،‫ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛﺖ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﺒﻠﻴﻮﭘﻲ‬CD ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺍﺳﺖ‬M.X.Repka ‫ ﻭ‬K.W.Wright
44.8 Loeil Prental Endoscopie du Vitre Phaco Chop (VIDEO Media) (Roussat B. Choukroun J, Boscher C, Lebuisson DA, Amar R, Escalas P) 2003
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
- Reconnaissance des structures oculaires - Anatomie endoscopique normale et Pathologique de la base du vitre anterieur - Le Phaco Chop: Pour que les noyaux durs deviennet un plaisir
- Lors des echographies prenatales Escalas P (Nantes)
- Possibilites et limites actuelles Boscher C, Lebuisson DA, Amar R (paris)
Roussat B, Choukroun J (Paris)

45.8 MOVIMIENTQ NATURAL PARA EL OJO ARTIFICIAL (VCD), (AJL OPHTHALMIC, S.A.) ‫ــــ‬
46.8 MVP VIDEO JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY ‫ــــ‬

47.8 New England Eye Center Imaging in Glaucoma ‫ــــ‬

.‫ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬OCT ،SLO ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬. ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬Optic nerve ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﻭ‬CD
48.8 New England Eye Center Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) Course (Helen K. WU, MD, Roger F. Steinert, MD, Michael B. Raizman, MD) ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬PRK ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬Roger F. Steinert ‫ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬Lecture ١٥ ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬PRK ‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬New England ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬CD
.‫ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Patient sclection ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬
49.8 OCULAR PATHOLOGY (FIFTH EDITION) (MYRON YANOFF, MD AND BEN S. FINE, MD) (Mosby) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 2002
Basic Principles of Pathology Surgical and Nonsurgical Trauma Skin and Lacrimal Drainage System
Congenital Anomalies Nongranulomatous Inflammation: Uveltis, Endophthalmitis, Panophthalmitis, and Sequelae Granulomatous Inflammation. Conjunctive
Cornea and Sclera Uvea Lens
Neural (Sensory) Retina Vitreous Optid Nerve
Orbit Diabetes Mellitus Glaucoma
Ocular Melanotic Tumors Retinoblastoma and Pseudoglioma
50.8 Ophthalmic Lenses & Dispensing (Mo JALIE) ‫ــــ‬
.‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰ ﻟﻨﺰ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻳﺴﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬،‫ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ‬Refraction ‫ ﻭ‬Optic ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ‬CD
51.8 Ophthalmic Surgery: principles and Techniques (BLACKWELL SCIENCE) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) ‫ــــ‬

52.8 Ophthalmology A multimedia tutorial for Primary care physicians and medical students (Robert Johnston FRCOpth, Jonathan Boulton MA MRCP FRCOpth) ‫ــــ‬

53.8 Orbital Floor Reconstruction Using Medpor Surgical Implant (Joseph M. Serletti, MD, Paul Manson, MD) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬

54.8 PHACO TODAY (The Latest Development in Phacomulsification and Small Incision Cataract Surgery) (HOWARD FINE, MD) ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﺍﺷـﻜﺎﻝ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‬phacoemulsfication ‫ ﻭ‬Incisions ،Anesthesin ‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬I. Howard Fine ‫ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬Lecture ١٤ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻚ‬
.‫ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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55.8 PhcoChop (Mastering Techniques, Optimizing Technology, and Avoiding Complications) David F. Chang 2004
CD-1: Hydrodissection Pearls CD-2: Learning Phacochop
CD-3: Phacodynamic Principles for PhacoChop, Vertical Chop and Cold Phaco for Brunescent Nuclel
CD-4: Strategles for PC Rupture with Nucleus Present, Bimanual Chop for Cataracts with Large Zonular Defects
56.8 Phacoemyulsification Cataract Surgery (Multimedia Oculosurgical Module) (Robert M. Schertzer, David X. Pang, MSE, Luanna R. Bartholomew, PhD) (Mosby) ‫ــــ‬
"Scleral tunnel" ‫ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑـﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﮔـﺎﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷـﻲ ﻛـﻢﻧﻈﻴـﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﺔ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛـﺖ ﺑـﺮﻭﺵ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬.‫ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬Mosby ‫( ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬Multimedia Oulosurgical Module) MOM ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒـﺮ‬CD ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ‬CD
.‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰﻼ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬text ‫ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ‬phacoemulsification
57.8 Physiology of the Eye
Anatomy of the Eye 3-D Tour of the Eye Development of Vision Physics of Light & Color Illusions & Your Vision Common Eye Conditions
58.8 Practical Viewing of the Optic Disc (KATHLEEN B. DIGRE, M.D., JAMES J. CORBETT, M.D. 2003
:‫ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬CD ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Getting Ready-Preparing to View the Opic Disc What Should I Look for in the Normal Fundus? Is the Disc Swollen? Is the Disc Pale?
Amaurosis Fugax and Not So Fugax-Vaxcular Disorders of the Eye White Spots-What Are They? Hemorrhage Pigment
What is That in the Retina? Macula Practical Viewing in Children What to Look for in the Aging
Viewing the Disc in Pregnancy Practical Viewing of the Optic Disc and Retina in the Emergency Department

59.8 PROVISION INTERACTIVE: Clinical Case Studies (AAO) (Thomas A. Weingeist, MD., ph, D) ‫ــــ‬
60.8 RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE BASE ORBITAL CON IMPLANTE MEDPOR (VCD), (AJL OPHTHALMIC, S.A.) ‫ــــ‬
61.8 Refractive Surgery First interactive Symposium (Marguerite B. McDonald, MD) (American Academy of Ophthalmology) ‫ــــ‬
Roger F. Steinert ،،Jack T. Holladay :‫ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬Lecture ‫ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﺩﻫﻬﺎ‬Manus C. Kraff ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬ASCRS ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﭙﻮﺯﻳﻮﻡ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬CD ‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺩﻭ‬CD
.PRK ‫ ﻭ‬LASIK ،phacoemulsification ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬... ‫ﻭ‬
62.8 Refractive Surgery in the new millennium. ‫ــــ‬

63.8 Evolution in LASIK

LASIK: Customized Ablations and Quality of Vision ‫ــــ‬
64.8
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ‬Patient Selection ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬LASIK ‫ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬،‫( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬AAO) ‫( ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬Ophthalmology Interactive) ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬CD ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ‬CD ٣ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ 2000
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
65.8 RETINA (Stephen J. Ryan, M.D., Thomas E. Ogden, M.D.,) ‫ــــ‬
66.8 RETINA LIBRARY ‫ــــ‬
67.8 Retina & Vitneous Hereditary retinal dystrophies ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﺑـﻪ‬CD ‫ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻢﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‬١٧٠٠ ‫ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ‬Case ٤٦٧ ‫ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﺴﺘﺮﻭﻓﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻳﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬.‫ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻳﺴﺘﺮﻭﻓﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD
.‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﺴﺘﺮﻭﻓﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
68.8 Stereoscopic Atlas of Macular Diseases: diagnosis and treatment (Fourth Edition) (J. Donald M. Gass, M.D.) (Mosby) ‫ــــ‬
69.8 Subjective Refraction: Cross Cylider Technique ‫ــــ‬
70.8 SURGICAL TECHNIQUES WITH MEDPORIMPLANTS AND THE MCP (VCD), (AJL OPHTHALMIC, S.A.) ‫ــــ‬
71.8 ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN CATARACT SURGERY The American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS)

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪44‬‬
‫)‪71.8 Clinical Update Course on Glaucoma (Mark B. Sherwood, MD, James D. Brandt, MD, Neil T. Choplin, MD, Joel S. Schuman, MD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫)‪72.8 Techniques in CLEAR CORNEAL CATARACT SURGERY OPHTHALMOLOGY Interactive‬‬
‫‪73.8‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜـﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ‪ "Clear cornea" Phacoemulsification‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲﺣﺴـﻲ ﺗﺎﭘﻴﻜـﺎﻝ ﻭ ‪ ،Prep & drape ، intracameral‬ﺍﻧﺴـﺰﻳﻮﻥ ‪ capsulorrhexis ،Clear cornea‬ﻭ ﻇﺮﺍﻳـﻒ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ‪setting ،hydrodissection ،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ‪ Foldable IOL‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ CD٣‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ ،Lecture‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪74.8 TEXBOOK OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (KENNETH W.WRIGHT‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫)‪REVIEW QUESTIONS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY (KENNETHC. CHERN.KENNETH W. WRIGHT‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﻮﺡ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ )‪ (CD‬ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ‪ Print‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺎﻱ ‪ CD‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺘﻲ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺘـﺐ ‪ text‬ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ‪ text‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﹸﻓﺴﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﭻ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻓﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪75.8 THE FAILING GLAUCOMA FILTER: EARLY IDENTIFICATION & TREATMENT (Bradford J. Shingleton, MD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ CD‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ‪ Failing Filtration Surgery‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ‪ Lecture‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Choroidal tap‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ bleb revision‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺡ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪76.8 The Multimedia Atlas of Videokeratography Basics of Map Interpretation‬‬ ‫)‪(MICHAEL K. SMOLEK, PH. D.‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫)‪77.8 The Retina ATLAS ( Yannuzzi,Green) (Mosby‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫)‪78.8 THE VIDEO ATLAS OF COSMETIC BLEPHAROPLASTY (8 CDs‬‬ ‫)‪(S.LBosniak‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ VCD ٨‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻠﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ‪ S.LBosniak‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﻠﻚ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻـﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﭘﻠﻜﻲ ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺷﺎﻻﺯﻳﺲ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺑﻠﻔﺎﺭﻭﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪79.8‬‬ ‫)‪Vitreoretinal Course Bascom Palmer Eye Institute's (William E. Smiddy, Philip Rosenfeld, Patrick E. Rubsamen, Janet L.‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ CD‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪CD‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ‪ (Ophthalmology interactive) OI‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )‪ ،(AAO‬ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ‪ Lecture ١٦‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ‪ W.E.Smiddy‬ﻭ ‪ H.W.Flynn‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ Macular hole ،Giant retinal tear،Dislocated IOLs ،AMD , ROP ،Endophthalmitis :‬ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ــــ‬
‫)‪80.8 VJO Ophthalmology (I, I , III ,) (VCD) (Charles, H. Cozean, James S. Lewis, Richard J. Mackool‬‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪1.9‬‬ ‫)‪5 Minute Neurology Consult (SALEKAN E-BOOK) (D. Joanne Lynn‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺯﻳﺪﻧﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪ 5-Minute‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﺩﻭﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺣـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺷﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ Follow up ، Medications ، Management ، Diagnosis ،Basics‬ﻭ ‪ Miscellaneous‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪CD .‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-Neurologic Symptoms and Signs‬‬ ‫‪-Neurologic Diagnostic Tests‬‬ ‫‪-Neurologic Diseases and Disorders‬‬ ‫‪-Short Topics‬‬
‫‪2.9‬‬ ‫)‪55 Annual Meeting March 29-Aprill 5, American Academy of Neurology (HAWAII‬‬
‫‪th‬‬
‫‪2003‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ Full text‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ‪ Presentation‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪ 2003‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪3.9 Abnormal Psychology LIVE and interactive tutorial‬‬ ‫)‪(Barlow/Durand's, Durand/Barlow's, Trull/Pharcs‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪45‬‬
‫‪4.9 American Academy of Neurology 2004 Syllabi‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٤‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٦٠‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺒﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Presentation‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺩﻭﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ Java‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Autorun‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪ Search‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪Seizure and antiepilep drugs‬‬ ‫‪Bedside Neurology‬‬ ‫‪Balance and gaif disorder‬‬ ‫‪Botutinum Toxin Injection‬‬ ‫‪Stroke‬‬
‫‪Child Neurology‬‬ ‫‪Clinical EEG‬‬ ‫‪Clinical EMG‬‬ ‫‪Movement disorders‬‬ ‫‪Demyelinating dyorden‬‬
‫‪5.9‬‬ ‫)‪Advanced Therapy of HEADACHE CONQUERING HEADACHE (SECOND REVIED EDITION) An Illustrated Guide to Understanding The Treatment and Control of Headache (Alan M. Rapoport, Fred D. Sheftell‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ PDF‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ )‪ Advanced Therapy of headache (1999‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪) Alan rappaport‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪) Fred sheftell ( Yale‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ( Newyork‬ﻧﻮﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 48‬ﻣﺒﺤـﺚ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫‪(١‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ management‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ PDF‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Conquering headache 1998 2nd edition‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻬـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳـﻲ‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ -‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ‪ -‬ﺧﻮﺍﺏ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ ‪ PDF‬ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ‪ Seminars in Headache mamagement‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ James W.Lance‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1996- 1998‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻼﻛﺘﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻼﺳﺘﺮ‪ – Post traumatic -‬ﺍﻳﺴﻜﻤﻲ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﻥ‪ -‬ﻣﻴﮕﺮﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺭﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪6.9 Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy (Dr. Walter J. Hendelman‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪7.9 Boehringer Ingelheim Satellite Symposium Interanational Stroke Conference‬‬ ‫)‪(Phoenix, Arizona‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬
‫!‪8.9 Brainiac‬‬ ‫‪TM‬‬
‫‪Medical Multimedia Systems Presents‬‬ ‫)‪(Version 1.52‬‬ ‫)‪(An interactive digital atlas designed to assist in learning human neuroanatomy‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫‪9.9‬‬ ‫)‪Clinical Neurology (G David Perkin Fred H Hochberg Douglas C Miller‬‬ ‫‪1996‬‬

‫)‪10.9 Comprehensive Textbook of PSYCHIATRY (Seventh Edition CD-ROM) (Benjamin J. Sadock, MD – Virginia A. Sadock, MD) ( LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺼـﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷـﻲ‪،MRI ،‬‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٥٥‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ‪ ٦٥٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡﻭﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ‪ -٢‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ‪ -٣‬ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ -٤‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ‪ -٥‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ‪ -٦‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ …‪ -٧ ((Delirium Dementin,‬ﺍﺳﻜﻴﺰﻭﻓﺮﻧﻲ ‪ -٨‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ‪ -١٠ Mood‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ‪ -١١‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ‪ -١٢ Dissociative‬ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎ ‪ -١٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ‪ -١٤‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ -١٥‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ‪ -١٦‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Tic‬ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ‪ -١٧‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -١٩ Adoption -١٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ )ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ( ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪11.9 Computational Neuroscience Realistic Modeling for Experimentalists (Erik De Schutter‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬
‫‪Introduction to Equation Solving and Parameter Fitting Modeling Networks of Signalling Pathways Modeling Local and Global Calcium Signals Using Reaction-Diffusion Equations Monte Carlo‬‬
‫‪Methods for Simulating Realistic Synaptic Microphysiology Using Mcell Which Formalism to Use for Modeling voltage-Dependent Conductances? Accuate Reconstruction of Neunal Morphology‬‬
‫‪Modeling Dendritic Geometry and the Development of Nerve Connections Passive Cable Modeling-A practical Introduction Modeling Simple and Complex Active Neurons Realistic Modeling of‬‬
‫‪Small Neuronal Circuits Modeling of Interactions Between Neural Networks and Musculoskeletal System‬‬
‫)‪12.9 CONTEMPORARY NEUROSURGERY A BIWEEKLY PUBLICATION FOR CLINICAL NEUROSURGICAL CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (Ali F. Krisht, MD‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬

‫‪13.9 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Psychiatry and Pain Management Section‬‬ ‫)‪(Micheal K. Rees, MD, MPH, Robert Birnbaum, MD, PHD, James A.D. Otis‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪ CCC‬ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎﹰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺟﻬـﺖﺩﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ"‪ "Current best Standard of therapy‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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:‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Harvard Medical School ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬Robert Birnbaum ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬: Psychopharmacology for primay Care Medicine -١
Anxiety disorder- Panic disorder- Social phobia- Specific phobia- Obcessive & Compulsire disorder- PTSD- Generalized Anxiety disorder- Depression-Dysthymia
.‫ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬-‫ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺪﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬-‫ ﻣﺨﺪﺭ‬-‫ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺩ )ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ‬-‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬-‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬Boston ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬James A.D. otis ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬: Pain Management -٢
.‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬print ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
14.9 Corel Medical Series Epilepsy (Alan Guberman MD, FRCP (C)) (Professor of Neurology University of Ottawa ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬Quiz ‫ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻭﻳـﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ‬-‫ ﺳﺮ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬:‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻉ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺗﺎﻭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Allan Guberman ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬problem based interactive ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬review ‫ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ‬.‫ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬Print ‫ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬-‫ ﻗﻮﻱ‬Search .‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬

Definitions Topic index Epilepsy Notes Patient & Family information Epilepsy Case Study Video Reference list Epilepsy Facts What is Epilepsy Learning Objectives
15.9 CRANIAL NERVES in health and disease (Second Edition) 2002
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺡ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬2002 ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭼﺎﭖ‬PDF ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬Problem-oriented ‫ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ‬.‫ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬CD ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ‬animation ‫ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬.‫ ﺳﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺘﻦ‬
.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‬ENT ،‫ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﻚ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻳﺪﻧﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
16.9 Textbook of CRITICAL CARE (Salekan E-book) 2005
SECTION I RESUSCITATION AND MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
SECTION II TRAUMA
SECTION III IMAGING
SECTION IV CELL INJURY AND CELL DEATH
SECTION V INFECTIONS DISEASE
SECTION VI ENDOCTINOLOGY, METABOLISM, NUTRITION, PHARMACOLOGY
SECTION VII CARDIOVASCULAR
SECTION VIII PULMONARY
17.9 Critical Decisions in Headache Management (Giammarco. Edmeads. Dodick) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) ‫ــــ‬

18.9 CURRENT MANAGEMENT IN CHILD NEUROLOGY (SECOND EDITION) (Bernrd L. Maria, MD, MBA) 2002
Section 1: Clinical Practice Trends Section 2: The Office Visit Section 3: The Hospitalized Child
19.9 DICTIONARY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (Lance D Blumgardt) (Martin Dunitz) ‫ــــ‬

20.9 DISORDERS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION (VCD-I) (AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY) (CONTINUUM) 2002

Severe Amnesic Syndrome: Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia Perseverative Verbal Behavior in Amnesia Semantic Memory Loss Fluctuativng Sensorium in Dementia With
Left Spatial Neglect Eye Movements in Severe Left Spatial Neglect Anosognosia for Hemiparesis Paraphasias
Broca's Aphasia Lewy Bodies Impaired Verbatim Repetition
21.9 DISORDERS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION (VCD-II) (AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY) (CONTINUUM) 2002

Wernicke's Aphasia Dysexecutive Syndrome Disinhibited Behavior Grasp Response and Imitation Behavior Positive Signs of Executive Dysfunction Progressive Apraxia
Negative Signs of Executive Dysfunction Prosopognosia and Visual Agnosia Simultanagnosia Optic Ataxia Ocular Apraxia
22.9 DISORDERS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION (VCD-III) (AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY) (CONTINUUM) 2002

Basic Mental Status Examination Token Test for Auditory Comprehension Confrontation Naming Finger Constructions Luria 3-Step Test Line Cancellation Gestural Praxis
23.9 EMG Training (Kenneth Ricker, M.D.) ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻛﺎﺭ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬٢٧ ‫ ﺍﺯ‬EMG ‫ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬٧٥ .‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬TOENNIES ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻴﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 47
.‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺠﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬CD ‫ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬Search ‫ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬EMG glossary .‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬Case ‫ ﻫﺮ‬.‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
24.9 ENS Teaching Course ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺚﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬٢٠٠٣ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ENS ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Title ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ‬
Dizziness and vesthg Clinical Neurophysiology Clinical Neuropathology Sleep Disorder Stroke
Neurogenetics for Clinicians NeuroSurgery for Neurologist Epilepsy Multiple Sclerosis Muscle disorders
Neuroimaging Neurology of Systemic disease Parkinson's diseane Ultrasound in Neurology Dementia
ICU in Neurology Movement discords Neuroplathies Current Treatments Neurology
25.9 EPILEPSY The Comprehensive CD-ROM (Jerome Engel, Jr., M.D., Ph.D., Timothy A. Pedley, M.D.) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999
‫ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺎﻳﻲ‬.‫ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬CD ‫ ﺩﺭ‬imaging ‫ ﻋﻜـﺲ ﻭ‬٨٠٠ ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﺳﺮﻓﺼـﻞ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬٢٨٩ ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸـﺘﻤﻞ ﺑـﺮ‬Full text .‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Epilepsy: A comprehensive textBook ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬٥٠٠ ‫ ﻭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬Weblink- Seasch
26.9 Essentials of Clinical Neurophysiology (Karl E. Misulis MD. PhD, Thomas C. Head MD) 2002

27.9 Foundations of NEUROBIOLOGY ‫ــــ‬

.‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٥ ‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬Self evaluattion ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﺑـﺎ‬-٤ Expansion Module -٣ .‫ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﺩﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬-٢ .‫ ﺧﻮﺩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬-١
.‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻨﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬Neurobiology ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬، CD ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬.‫ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﻢ‬play list ، CD ‫ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
28.9 Foundations of Behavioural Neuroscience ‫ــــ‬
.‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٥ ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
-Neural Communication - Central Nervous system -Research methods -Visual System - Control of movements
Quiz ‫ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳـﻮﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬.‫ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬glossary , Search ‫ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬.‫ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
29.9 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN NEURAL STRUCTURE (S. Mark Williams) (Sylvius TM
2.0) ‫ــــ‬

30.9 General depression and its pharmacological treatment (Professor Brain Leonard) (VCD)

31.9 Guidelines (American Academy of Neurology) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 2004

.‫ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬Offline ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬Salekan E-Book ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬Search ‫ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬Guidline ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
- Brain Injury & Brain Death - Child Neurology - Dementia - Epilepsy - Headache - Movement Disorders - Multiple Sclerosis - Neuroimaging - Neuromuscular - Stroke and Vascular Neurology -Technology Assessment
32.9 Human Brain Cancer: Diagnostic Decisions (Lauren A. Langford, MD, Dr. med,) American Medical Association ‫ــــ‬

33.9 Interactive Guide to Human Neuroanatomy (Mark F. Bear, Barry W. Connors, Michael A. Paradiso) 2002
Atlas: -Surface Anatomy of Brain -Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Brain -The Spinal Cord -The Anatomy Nervous System -The Cranial Nerves -The Blood Supply to the Brain
Exam:I -Surface Anatomy of the Brain -Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Brain -Comprehensive Exam
34.9 ICU Syllabus ‫ــــ‬
٢٠٠٤ ‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺠـﻼﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺗـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻝ‬ICU Patient Care ‫ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬،‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺳﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ICU ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﺣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
:‫ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬.‫ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Search ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬PDF ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‬
Anemia and blood Transfusion ARDS Ethics Fever Wokup Hemodynamics RARS Weaning
Hyperghycemia and Ihsulia Hypothermia for cardiac arrest Impaired cognition Liver disease Mechanical Vetitation Sedation From Mechanical Vetitation
Non invasive Ventilation Nutritions Pneumonia Pulmonary Embolism Renal failure Sepsis

35.9 InterBRAIN (Martin C. hirsh) (Springer) ‫ــــ‬

1. Gross Anatomy 2. Vessels and Meninges 3. Brain Slices 4. Microscopical Sections 5. Functional Systems

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪48‬‬
‫‪36.9 International Symposium ON 10 Years Betaferon‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬
‫‪ CD‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺣﺼﻞ ﺳﻤﭙﻮﺯﻳﻮﻡ ﭘﺮﺍﮒ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﻩﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺘﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ MS‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ‪MS‬‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻭﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ‪MS‬‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻮﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﮔﻨﻮﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪Geomics and Proteomics‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻤﭙﺘﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺒﺨﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪MS‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪Primary Progressive MS‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ‪ Stem Cell Transplant‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪Aggressive MS‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ؟‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ‪ BENEFIT‬ﻭ ‪BEYOND‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪37.9 MANAGING STRESS‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫)‪38.9 Manual of Pain Management (Carol A. Warfield, Hilary J. Fausett‬‬ ‫)‪(Second Edition) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﺰﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻼﺳﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪Procedure‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻛﻮﺩﻛـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ‪ HIV‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-Understanding pain‬‬ ‫‪-Pain by Anatomic Location‬‬ ‫‪-Common Painful Syndromes‬‬ ‫‪-Pain Management‬‬
‫)‪39.9 Microneurosurgery (M. G. Yasargil) Cassette 1 Aneurysms (VCD) (Thieme AV‬‬ ‫)‪(CD I, II , III , IV‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫)‪40.9 Migraine Current Approaches To Treatment (Dr. Andrew Dowson‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬

‫)‪41.9 Movement Disorders Society Official Journal of The Movement Disorder Society Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ins VCD (I, II‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬

‫)‪42.9 Needle Electromyography (Daniel Dumitru, M.D., PhD.‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Needle EMG‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ‪ Daniel Dumitru‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٢‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﻼﻭﺓ ‪ EMG Video Library‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ٣٣ .‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ‪ EMG‬ﻭ ‪Pitfull‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪ Glossary , Search‬ﻗﻮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪43.9 NEUROANATOMY-3D-Stereoscopic Atlas of the Human Brain (Martin C. Hirsch, Thomas Kramer) (Springer‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻳﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ Gross‬ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻨﮕﺮﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺸﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪44.9 Neurofunctional Systems 3D‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫)‪45.9 Neurological surgery (julian R. Youmans , MD Editor-in-Chief) (Fourth Edition) (Y.O.U.M.A.N.S‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫)‪46.9 Neurology (Baker's clinical on CD-ROM‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬

‫‪47.9 New Analgesic Options: Overcoming Obstacles to Pain Relief‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬

‫‪- MD, NP, PA, RN Answer Sheet‬‬ ‫‪-Pharmacist Answer Sheet‬‬ ‫‪-Back Pain -Fibromyalgia‬‬ ‫‪-OA Pain‬‬ ‫‪-Post Op Pain‬‬ ‫‪-Trauma‬‬ ‫‪-References‬‬
‫‪25.7 Photographic manual of Regional Orthopaedic and Neurological Tests‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٨٥٠‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﭘﺪﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ‪ Test‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺿـﻮﺡ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫﻨـﺪ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫‪ Sensitivity/Relialility Scale‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹﺗﺮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪48.9 Principles of Neurology (6th Edition) (Raymond D. Adams, M.A., M.D.‬‬ ‫‪1998‬‬

‫‪49.9 PROFESS‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺣﺼﻞ ﺳﻤﭙﻮﺯﻳﻮﻡ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ International Stroke Conference‬ﺩﺭﺁﺭﻳﺰﻭﻧﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٣‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﮊﻳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺗﺮﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ‪Lecture‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻳﭙﺮﻳﺪﺍﻣﻮﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ - .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ‪ CVA‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ‪ MI‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ - .‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﭘﻜﺪﺗﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ؟ ‪ -‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻴﻦ ‪ II‬ﺩﻳﺴﻜﺎﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ‪ -‬ﺭﮊﻳﻢ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪49‬‬
‫‪50.9 Psychotropics‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻳﺮ‪õ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻛﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﮔﺮﺍﻑﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻓﺮﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻮﺗﺮﻭﭖ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪51.9 Recognizing Extrapyramidal Symptoms (VCD‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬
‫‪- Clinical Examples of Acute Dystonia‬‬ ‫‪- Akathisia‬‬ ‫‪- Parkinsonism‬‬ ‫‪- and Tardive- Dyskinesia‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪52.9 Rune Aaslid TCD Simulator Version 2.1‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻉ ‪ ، TCD‬ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ‪ Rune Aaslid‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ CD‬ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺳـﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ -‬ﻫﻤﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ‪ -‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ – CBF‬ﺁﻧـﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﭘـﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﻮ ﻭﺍﺳﻜﻮﻻﺭ‪ -‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﺐ‪ -‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‪ HITS -‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ‪ TCD‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺍﺳـﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪53.9 Stroke‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪Overview of Stroke: 1. Stroke in Perspective 2. Pathogenesis & Pathophysiology 3. Evaluation & Diagnosis 4. Interventions 5. Thrombolytic Therapy Studies‬‬
‫‪IV Tissue Plasminogen Activator(t-PA) Studies: 1. Recent Multicenter, IV Streptokinase (SK) Studies‬‬
‫‪Ultra Rapid Response: 1. Increasing Public/Professional Awareness 2. Modifying Care Patterns 3. Stroke Care Systems 4. Assessing Critical Resources‬‬
‫‪Case Studies‬‬
‫‪31.7 SPINE implants‬‬ ‫)‪(CD I , II‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ : CD I‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : CD II‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Diapasone-hook‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﻮﺍﻧﻴﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪54.9 TEXTBOOK of CLINICAL NEUROLOGY (Christopher G. Goetz, MD, Eric J. Pappert, MD) (W.B. Saunders Company‬‬ ‫‪1999‬‬
‫‪55.9 The Cerefy‬‬ ‫)‪Atlas of Brain Anatomy An interactive tool for students, teachers, and researchers (Wieslaw L. Nowinski, A. Thirunavuukarasuu, R. Nick Bryan‬‬
‫‪TM‬‬
‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ MRI‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٣‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺗﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ Grid‬ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ interactive‬ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Glossory‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻳﻜﻪ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ‪ -‬ﻧﺮﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺮﻭﺳﺎﻳﻨﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﻮﺯﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪56.9 The Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (An Interactive Guide for Family Physician‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٨‬ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ Alzheimer disease group‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ‪ RiverView‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﺰﺍﻳﻤﺮ ﻭ ‪Flowchart‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ‬ ‫‪Case Studies‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫‪57.9 THE HUMAN BRAIN‬‬ ‫)‪(Marion Hall David Robinson‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫)‪58.9 THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM (Springer‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫)‪59.9 The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Pain Management (Second Edition‬‬ ‫)‪(Jane Ballantyne, Scott M. Fishman, Salahadin Abdi) (SALEKAN-E-book‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪I. General Considerations‬‬ ‫‪II. Diagnosis of Pain‬‬ ‫‪III. Therapeutic Options: Pharmacologic Approaches‬‬ ‫‪IV. Therapeutic Options: Nonpharmacologic Approaches‬‬
‫‪V. Acute Pain VI. Chronic Pain‬‬ ‫‪VII. Pain Due to Cancer‬‬ ‫‪VIII. Special Situations‬‬ ‫‪- Apendices‬‬ ‫‪- Subject Index‬‬
‫‪60.9 The Movement Disorder Society's Guide to Botulinum Toxin Injections‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪ CD‬ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﻮﺗﻮﻟﻴﻨﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﻋﻀـﻠﺔ ﺩﻟﺨـﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ‪ -‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ‪ -‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ CD‬ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺗﻮﻟﻴﻨﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪ Search‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ PDF‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻼﺳﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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61.9 Thinking a head (Critical question in ms therapy) 2001

62.9 Understanding and Diagnosing Restless Legs Syndrome ‫ــــ‬

.‫ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬PDF ‫ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡ ﭘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬.‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬RLS Foundation ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬CD ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬-١٠

CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

1.10 (AGA Postgraduate Course) A Day and Night in the Life of a Gastroenterologist 2003

Esophagus and Stomach Liver Pancreas and Biliary Tract Nutrition GI Malignancy Small Bowel and Colon Clinical Challenge Sessions
2.10 3DClinic (Version 1.0) Seeing is Understanding ___
‫ ﺷﻤﺎ‬Desktop ‫( ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬2D Clinic) Icon .‫ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬Restart ‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ‬.‫( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬SN: BI-B25600000-131) ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬CD‫ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬QTS ‫ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬Autorun ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
-Cardiovascular - ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ‬.‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬3D ‫ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ‬.‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬Disorder ‫ ﻭ‬Healthy ‫ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬Gastrointestinal -Musculoskeletal -Respiratory -Nervous -Urinary -Sensory -Endocrine -Lymphatic -Skin
‫ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬،‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﭘﺮﻳﻨﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺪ‬.‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
3.10 Adult Airway Management Principles & Techniques American Association (afael A. Ortega, M.D., Harold Arkoff, M.D.) ‫ــــ‬
4.10 Advanced Therapy of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (Theodore M. Bayless, MD, Stephen B. Hanauer, MD) 2001
5.10 AGA Postgraduate Course CONTROVERSIES And CLINICAL CHALLENGES in Pancreatic Diseases ‫ــــ‬
(An Intensive Two-Day Course Covering A Diversity of Topics Related to the Pancreas)
-Expanded Content -Includes Results of the Q&A -Section Challenge Sessions
Atlas of GASTROINTESTINAL in Health and Disease (Marvin M. Schuster, Michael D. Crowell, Kenneth L. Koch)
6.10
Part 1: Physiologic Basis of Gastrointestinal Motility Part 2: Motility Test for the Gastrointestinal Tract
7.10 Atlas of GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY in Health and Disease (Second Edition) 2002
(Marvin M. Schuster, MD, FACP, FAPA, FACG, Michael D. Crowell, PhD, FACG, Kenneth L. Koch, MD)

Part I: Physiologic Basic of Gastrointestinal Motility Part II: Motility Tests for The Gastrointestinal Tract
8.10 Atlas of Clinical Oncology Soft Tissue Sarcomas American Cancer Sosiety (Raphael E. Pollock, MD, Phd) 2002
9.10 Atlas of Clinical Oncology Cancer of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract (Christopher G. Willett, MD) 2001
10.10 Atlas of Clinical Rheumatology (2 Edition) (David J. Nashel, Chief, Rheumatology Section Va Medical Center, Washington, Professor of Medicine Georgetown University)
nd
‫ــــــ‬
1. Clinical Atlas of Rheumatic Diseases 3. Physical Examination 5. Physical Findings Instructional Module Radiography
2. Radiograph Intrerpretation Instructional Module 4. Procures 6. Aspiration/Injection Instructional Module
11.10 CANCER Principles & Practice of Oncology (6th Edition) (Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., Samuel Hellman, Steven A. Rosenberg) ‫ــــــ‬
12.10 Case Studies in GASTROENTEROLOGY (Second Edition) (Ingram Roberts, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
13.10 CD-ATLAS OF DIAGNOSTIC ONCOLOGY ‫ــــــ‬
14.10 Clinical Endocarinology (G. Michael Besser MD, DSc, FRCP, Michael O. Thorner MB BS, DSc, FRCP) ‫ــــــ‬
Adrenals Gonads Growth Hormone Assay Imaging Techniques Pancreas

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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Ectopic Humoral Syndromes Gastrointestinal Tract Lipids and Lipoproteins Thyroid & Parathyroide Pituitary and Hypothalamus
15.10 Clinical Immunology PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE (Second Edition) (Robert R Rich, Thomas A Fleisher, William T Shearer, Brain L Kotzin, Harry W Schroeder) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬١١ ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Rich ‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬Clinical Immunology ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬-٧ ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻜﻲ‬-٦ ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﺮﮊﻳﻜﻲ‬-٥ ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬-٤ ‫ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬-٣ ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ‬- ٢ ‫ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬-١
Slide ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ )ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬drag & drop ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ‬.‫ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬Search ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬.‫ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺑﺨﺶ‬
.‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬Slide vision ‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ‬Autorun ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬.‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺮﺩ‬.‫ ( ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬vision
16.10 CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (Raymond E. Lenhard, J. MD, Robert T. Osteen, MD, Ted Gansler, MD) 2001

17.10 Comprehensive Clinical Endocrinology G. Michael Besser MD, DSc, FRCP, Michael O. Thorner 2000
Hypothalamus and Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Control of Blood glucose and its disturbance, gonad and growth, General conditions-basic, General conditions-
clinical, Imaging, Patient Perspectives on endocrine Diseases
18.10 COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Jean Bourbeau, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Diane Nault, RN, MSc, Elizabet Borycki) 2002
19.10 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Metabolic Diseases Section ‫ــــــ‬
.‫ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Harvard ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬CD ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬CCC
‫ ﺳـﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧـﺮ ﻫـﺮ ﺳـﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺜـﻲ‬.‫ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬.‫ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﺎﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﺁﻫﻦ‬-٤ (‫ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬:‫ ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻠﻴﺘﻮﺱ‬-٣ (‫ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬:‫ ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻠﻴﺘﻮﺱ‬-٢ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ‬Lipid -١
20.10 Digestive Diseases Self-Education Program (A Core Curriculum and Self-Assessment in Gastroenterology and Hepatology) ‫ــــــ‬

21.10 Diseases of the Liver (8th Edition) (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) ‫ــــــ‬
General Considerations The Consequences of Liver Disease The Cholestasis Disorders Viral Hepatitis Immunology of Liver
Autoimmune Liver Disease Alcohol and Drug-Luduced Disease Genetic and Metabolic Disease Vascular Disease and Trauma
The Liver in Pregnancy and Childhood Infections and Granulomatous Disorders Transplantation Benign and Malignant Tumors
26.1 EBUS Endo Bronchial Ultrasound (Heinrich D. Becher, MD. Fccp) ‫ــــــ‬
- Basic Introduction -Bronchial Anatomy -Interactive Sonography -Product Information
22.10 ESAP (Endocrinology Self-Assessment Program) (Clark T. Sawin, MD, Kathryn A. Martin, MD) (The Endocrine Society) 2003
23.10 Evidence-Based Asthma Management PATHOPHYSIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS/MANAGEMENT (7
TH
edition) 2001
‫ ﺁﺳﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷـﻴﻮﻉ ﺭﻭ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‬Evidence-Based in medicin ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ‬
.‫ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺁﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
:‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺳﻢ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻛﻢﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
1. Natural History and Epidemiology 9. Genetics of Asthma 17. Cellular and Pathologic Characteristics
2. Diagnosis 10. Role of the Outdoor Environment 18. Role of Indoor Aeroallergens
3. Role of Childhood Infection 11. Diagnosis and Management of Occupational Asthma 19. Principles of Asthma Management in Adults
4. Management of Persistent Asthma in Childhood 12. Mechanisms of Action of 2-Agonists and Short-Acting 2 Therapy 20. Role of Long-Acting 2-Adrenergic Agents
5. Use of Theophylline and Anticholinergic Therapy 13. Environmental Control and Immunotherapy 21. Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids
6. Leukotriene Modifiers 14. Alternative Anti-inflammatory Therapies 22. Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
7. Acute Life-Threatening Asthma 15. Management of Asthma in the Intensive Care Unit 23. Severe Acute Asthma in Children
8. Role of Asthma Education 16. Asthma Unresponsive to Usual Therapy 24. Measures of Outcome

24.10 EVIDENCE-BASED DIABETES CARE (Hertzel C. Gerstein, MD, R. Brain Haynes, MD,) 2001
1- EVIDENCE 2- DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS 3- ETIOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 52
4- PREVENTION AND SCREENING FOR DIABETES MELLITUS 5- LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF DIABETES 6- DELIVERY OF CARE
25.10 EVIDENCE-BASED Diagnosis: A Handbook of Clinical Prediction Rules (Mark Ebell, MD, MS) (Springer-Verlag) 2001
-Cardiovascular Diseases -Endocrinology -Gastroenterology -Gynecology and Obstetrics -Hematology/Oncology -Infectious Disease
-Musculoskeletal -Neurology -Pulmonary Diseas -Renal Disease -Surgery and Trauma
26.10 Gastric Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment (An interactive Training Program) (J.R. Siewert, D.Kelsen, K. Maruyama) (Springer) 2000

27.10 Gastroenterology Endoscopy (2nd Edition) ‫ــــ‬

28.10 Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management (7 edition) (Sleisenger & Fordtran's)
th
2002
Esophagus Liver Nutrition in gastroenterology Topics involving multiple organs Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Stomach and duodenum
Pancreas Biliary tract Approach to patients with symptoms and signs Small and Large Intestine Vasculature and Supporting Structures Psychosocial
29.10 HARRISON'S 15 McGraw-Hill presents ‫ــــ‬
32.1 Imaging of Diffuse Lung Disease (David A. Lynch, MB, John D. Newell Jr, MD, FCCP, Jin Seong Lee, MD) 1998
: ‫ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺭﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.... ‫ ﻭ‬MRI,CT-Xray) ‫ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﻜﺲﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬، ‫ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ‬.‫( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬DLN) ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺭﻳﻪ‬١١ ‫ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻪ‬ DLD‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ‬DLD ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬X-Ray,CT ‫ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬DLD ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻣﻔﻴﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﻮ ﺭﻳﻪ‬
.‫ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬، ‫ ﺭﻳﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻳﺪﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬Acrobat Reader ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
30.10 INFECTIOUS DISEASES (W Edmund Farrar, Martin J Wood, John A Innes, Hugh Tubbs) ‫ــــ‬
The Head and Neck Lower Respiratory Tract The Nervous System The Gastrointestinal Tract The liver and Biliary Tract
The Urinary Tract The Genital Tract Bones and Joints The Cardiovascular System Bacterial Infections
Vira, Fungal and Ectoparasitic Infections The Eye Systemic Infections HIV Infection and Aids Acknowledgements
31.10 Menopausal Osteoporosis (Neill Musselwhlte, M.D., Herman Rose, M.D.) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻮﭘﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻮﭘﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬-٦ ‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻮﭘﺮﻭﺯ‬-٥ Impact of osteobrosis -٤ ‫ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ‬-٣ ‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺁﻥ‬-٢ ‫ ﻣﻨﻮﭘﻮﺯ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ‬-١
32.10 MKSAP® 12 (American College of Physiciance-American Sosiety Internal Medicine) 2001
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
-Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Endocrinology and Metabolism -Infectious Disease Medicine - Rheumatology - Oncology - Hematology - Cardiovascular Medicine - Pulmonary Medicine
-Neurology - Dermatology - Nephrology -Hospital-Based Medicine and Critical Care - Ambulatory Medicine

33.10 Oxford Textbook of Medicine (OTM) (Weatherall, Ledingham, Weatherall) ‫ــــ‬

‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺯﻣـﺮﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ‬.‫ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺐ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٢٥٠٠ ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻭ‬٥٠٠ ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ‬٣٣ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ‬
:‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬.‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٥٨٠ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﻘـﺎﺭﺑﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ‬،‫ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﭘﻴﺮﻱ‬،‫ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬.‫ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻊﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬
.‫ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺷﻜﺎﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬،CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ ﻗﻠﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﭼﺎﭘﮕﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ ﺁﺳـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬CD ‫ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
.‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﻭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
34.10 Pre-Colonoscopy Education Program (Dr. Michael Shaw, Dr. Oliver cass Dr. James Reynolds Patricia Tomshine, Rn) ‫ــــ‬
- Reason for Colonoscopy - The Colon and The Colonoscope - Preparations - Day of the Procedure - About the Procedure -After the Procedur - Minor Complicaions - Major Complications
35.10 Principles & Practice of Infectious Diseases A Harcourt Health Sciences Company 2000

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 53
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٨٠٠ ‫ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭ‬٨٠٠ ‫ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
1- Browse Mandell, Douglas & Bennett s .‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
2- Subject index Search: .‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ‬
3- Help ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
،‫ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‬-‫ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬،‫ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺸﻴﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬،‫( ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻲ )ﺗﺐ‬٢ (‫ ﺍﭘﻴﺪﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ‬،‫( ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ )ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ‬١
(... ‫ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎ ﻭ‬،‫ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬،‫ )ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬،Special problems (٤ (.... ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎ‬،‫( ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ )ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺳﻲ‬٣ (....... ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻭ‬
.‫( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬CD ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ )ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬Java VM ‫ ﻭ‬internet explver ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬

36.10 Rheumatology (John H. Klippel.Paul A Dieppe) ‫ــــ‬

-Rheumatic Diseases -Signs and Symptoms -Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondylopathy -Infection and Arthritis
-Regional Pain Problems -Connective Tissue Disorders -Disorders of Bone, Cartilage -Management of Rheumatic Disease
37.10 TEXTBOOK OF Gastroenterology (Third Edition) ATLAS OF Gastroenterology (Second Edition) (David H. Alpers, MD, Loren Laine, MD) ‫ــــ‬

38.10 Textbook of Rheumatology (Kelley's) (W.B. Saunders Company) 2001

Section I BIOLOGY OF THE NORMAL JOINT Section II IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES
Section III EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT Section IV MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND EVALUATION
Section V DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES Section VI SPECIAL ISSUES
Section VII CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Section VIII RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Section IX SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES Section X SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND RELATED SYNDROMES
Section XI VASCULITIC SYNDROMES Section XII SCLERODERMA AND MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES
Section XIII STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND DISEASE OF MUSCLE Section XIV RHEUMATIC DISEASES OF CHILDHOOD
Section XVI OSTEOARTHRITIS, POLYCHONDRITIS, AND HERITABLE
Section XV CRYSTAL-ASSOCIATED SYNOVITIS
DISORDERS
Section XVII ARTHRITIS RELATED TO INFECTION Section XVIII ARTHRITIS ACCOMPANYING SYSTEMIC DISORDERS
Section XIX DISORDERS OF BONE AND STRUCTURAL PROTEIN Section XX TUMORS INVOLVING JOINTS
Section XXI RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY FOR RHEUMATIC DISEASE
39.10 Textbook of TRAVEL MEDICINE and HEALTH (Herbert L. Dupont, M.D., Robert Steffen, M.D.) (B.C.DECKER INC) ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﭘﻴـﺪﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ‬.‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Steffen ‫ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬Dupont ‫ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬.‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٣٧٠ ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ‬٣٤ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ‬. . . ‫ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﻨﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﮒ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻭ‬،‫ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻭﺑﺎ‬،‫ ﺍﻳﺪﺯ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﻔﻮﺋﻴﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻻﺭﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺍﻧﺪﻣﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
.‫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CD ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
57.9 The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Pain Management (Second Edition) (Jane Ballantyne, Scott M. Fishman, Salahadin Abdi) (SALEKAN-E-book) ‫ــــ‬
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
I. General Considerations II. Diagnosis of Pain III. Therapeutic Options: Pharmacologic Approaches IV. Therapeutic Options: Nonpharmacologic Approaches
V. Acute Pain VI. Chronic Pain VII. Pain Due to Cancer VIII. Special Situations - Apendices - Subject Index
40.10 UEGW Gastroenterology Week 10th United European (Geneva, Switzerland) ‫ــــ‬

41.10 UEGW IBS: Management not myth 2003

:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
1. IBS: the clinician's view 2. IBS: care, cost and consequences 3. Diagnosis: identigy, Probe, eliminate 4. Tegaserod: a world of experience 5. Chairman's summary

42.10 Upper GI Endoscopy An Interactive Aducasional Program Video Segments of Common Pathologics of the Upper Gl tract (Iencludes Educational text) ‫ــــ‬

43.10 UpToDate CLINICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY 13.1 (CD I , II) (Burton D. Rose, MD, Joseph M. Rush, MD) 2005
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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Adult Primary Care Allwrgy and Immonology Cardiology Critical Care Drug Information Enodcrinoology Family Medicine Rheumatology
Women's Health
Gastroenterology Gynecology Hematology Infections Disease Nephrology Oncology Pediatrics Pulmonology
TM
44.10 YEAR BOOK of RHEUMATOLOGY, ARTHRITI, AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE (Richrd S. Panush, MD) (SALEKAN E-BOOK) 2003

Health Sciences, Epidemiology, Economics, & Arthritis Care Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Related Disorders
Rheumatoid Arthritis Vasculitis and Systemic Rheumatic Diseases and Other Related Disorders
Systemic Selerosis and Related Disorders Osteoarthritis, Crystal-Related Arthropathies, Osteoporosis, Infectious Arthritides, and Spondyloarthropathies
Regional Pain Syndromes, Non-Articular Musculoskeletal Disorders, and Fibromyalgia Miscellaneous Topics

‫ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬-١١
CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
1.11 A Major Contributor to Neonatal Infant Morbidity and Mortality (SURVANTA) (Part I , II) (Alan J. Gold, MD, J. Harry Gunkel, Arvin M. Overbach) ‫ــــ‬
2.11 Atlas of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease ‫ــــ‬
3.11 Basic Mechanisms of Pediatric Respiratory Disease (Second Edition) (Gabriel G. Haddad,MD, Steven H. Abman, MD) 2002
Genetic and Developmental Biology of the Respiratory System Structure-Function Relations of the Respiratory System During Development
Developmental Physiology of the Respiratory System Inflammation and Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms
4.11 Child Development, 9/e (John W. Santrock) 2001
18.9 CURRENT MANAGEMENT IN CHILD NEUROLOGY (SECOND EDITION) (Bernrd L. Maria, MD, MBA) 2002
Section 1: Clinical Practice Trends Section 2: The Office Visit Section 3: The Hospitalized Child
5.11 EVIDENCE-BASED PEDIATRICS (William Feldmam, MD, FRCPC) (B.C. Decker Inc.) 2000
6.11 PEDIATRIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE Pathophysiology . Diagnosis . Management (Third Edition) ‫ــــ‬
7.11 TEXTBOOK OF NEONATAL RESUSCITATION (4TH EDITION MULTIMEDIA CD-ROM) ‫ــــ‬

‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬:١٢
CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
1.12 1. Review for USMLE NMS® (Step 1) ‫ــــ‬
2. Review for USMLE NMS® (Step 2)
3. Review for USMLE NMS® (Step 3)
2.12 A.D.A.M. PracticePractical Review Anatomy – Create New Test – Open Existing Test ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ‬١٥٠٠٠ ‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬.‫( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬X-ray ‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ )ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬٥٠٠ ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬.‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻚ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬ :‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬٢ ‫ ﺩﺭ‬،CD ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬Review Anatomy ‫ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
:‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬-٧ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﮕﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﻩ‬-٦ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ‬-٥ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬-٤ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ‬-٣ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬-٢ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬-١
‫ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻟﺨـﻮﺍﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤـﺎﻳﺶ‬.‫ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬.‫ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬Related images ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻛﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ‬Show Results ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‬،‫ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‬text ‫ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ‬Start test ‫ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ‬.‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬٤ ‫ ﻭ‬٢ ،١ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬CD ‫ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﺮﺓ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ )ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ( ﺑﺎ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ‪ Start‬ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ‪ Pawlina‬ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ‪ Olson‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Autorun‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪3.12‬‬ ‫‪Atlas of Clinical Medicine‬‬ ‫)‪(Version 2.0) (Forbes. Jackson‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪Infection‬‬ ‫‪Cardiovascular Renal‬‬ ‫‪Gastrointestinal‬‬ ‫‪Blood‬‬
‫‪Joints and Bones Respiratory‬‬ ‫‪Endocrine, Metabolic and Nutritional‬‬ ‫‪Liver and Pancreas‬‬ ‫‪Nerve and Muscle‬‬
‫‪4.12‬‬ ‫)‪CECIL TEXTBOOK of MEDICINE (21st Edition‬‬ ‫‪2001‬‬
‫‪Part I MEDICINE AS A LEARNED AND HUMANE PROFESSION‬‬ ‫‪Part‬‬ ‫‪II SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDICINE‬‬
‫‪Part III AGING AND GERIATRIC MEDICINE‬‬ ‫‪Part‬‬ ‫‪IV PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE‬‬
‫‪Part V PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT‬‬ ‫‪Part‬‬ ‫‪VI PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN GENETICS‬‬
‫‪Part VII CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES‬‬ ‫‪Part‬‬ ‫‪VIII RESPIRATORY DISEASES‬‬
‫‪Part IX CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE‬‬ ‫‪Part‬‬ ‫‪X RENAL AND GENITOURINARY DISEASES Part XI GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES‬‬
‫‪Part XII DISEASES OF THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND‬‬ ‫‪BILE DUCTS‬‬
‫‪Part XIII HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES‬‬ ‫‪Part XIV ONCOLOGY‬‬
‫‪Part XV METABOLIC DISEASES‬‬ ‫‪Part XVI NUTRITIONAL DISEASES‬‬
‫‪Part XVII ENDOCRINE DISEASES‬‬ ‫‪Part XVIII WOMEN'S HEALTH‬‬
‫‪Part XIX DISEASES OF BONE AND BONE MINERAL METABOLISM‬‬ ‫‪Part XX DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM‬‬
‫‪Part XXI MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES‬‬ ‫‪Part XXII INFECTIOUS DISEASES‬‬
‫‪Part XXIII HIV AND THE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME‬‬ ‫‪Part XXIV DISEASES OF PROTOZOA AND METAZOA‬‬
‫‪Part XXV NEUROLOGY‬‬ ‫‪Part XXVI EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISEASES‬‬
‫‪Part XXVII SKIN DISEASES‬‬ ‫‪Part XXVIII LABORATORY REFERENCE INTERVALS AND VALUES‬‬
‫‪5.12‬‬ ‫‪BEST MEDICAL COLLECTION‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ ٧‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ‪Health soft‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺩﻳﻜﺸﻨﺮﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪ -٢ ،‬ﻃﺐ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ‪ -٥ ،Health manger -٤ ،Multimedia workout -٣ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻱ )‪) medical Drug Reference -٦ ،(Prescription Drugs‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ(‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻜﺸﻨﺮﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺏ( ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻄـﺎﻟﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ text‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻃــﺐ ﺳــﻮﺯﻧﻲ ‪ :‬ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٩‬ﻓﺼــﻞ ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛــﺎﺭ ﺑــﺎ ﻭﺳــﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺤــﻮﺓ ﺩﺭﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼــﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺿــﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨــﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋــﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻳــﻚ ﻓــﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﺍﺟــﻊ ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﺐ ﺳــﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﻧﻴــﺰ ﻟﺤــﺎﻅ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﻣﺤﺼــﻮﻝ ﺷــﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫‪ Hopkins technology‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٧‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ‪ workout‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ‪ :١‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ )ﺳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﮊﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺮﻣﺶ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻝ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٤‬ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻣﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :Health manager -٤‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻟـﺮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﺍﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﻣﺎﻛﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Quanta Press‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ‪ :٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ ﺝ( ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،Class‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﻭ ‪ . . .‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Parsons Technology‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٥‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ )‪ : (Healthsoft‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪﺑﺨﺶ )ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ( ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﮊﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ‪ . . .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻬﺮﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫ﺝ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻭ ‪ . . .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﺔ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ‬
‫‪ CD‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Dverdose‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﺼـﺮﻑ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪6.12‬‬ ‫‪Clinical Examination‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪Skin, nails & hair‬‬ ‫‪Respiratory system‬‬ ‫‪Heart & cardiovascular system‬‬ ‫‪Male genitalia‬‬ ‫‪Nervous system‬‬
‫‪Ear, nose & throah‬‬ ‫‪Femal breast & genittalia‬‬ ‫‪Abdomen‬‬ ‫‪Bones, joints & muscle‬‬ ‫‪Infants & children‬‬
‫‪7.12‬‬ ‫‪CMDT CURREAT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪8.12‬‬ ‫‪Endoscopic Assessment of Esophagitis According to the Los Angeles Classification System‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪y Definitions‬‬ ‫‪1: Mucosal Break‬‬ ‫‪2: Los Angeles Classification‬‬ ‫‪3: Complicatins‬‬ ‫‪y Viewing Area 1 :Slide Viewer 2: Slide Gallery 3:Video Gallery‬‬
‫‪y Quiz‬‬ ‫‪1: International Working Group‬‬ ‫‪2: On Endoscopic Assessment of Esophagitis‬‬
‫‪9.12‬‬ ‫‪GRIFFITH'S 5-MINUTE CLINICAL CONSULT‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ`ﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭ ‪ ENT‬ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣٣٠‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ )ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٦‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ‪ ٣٦‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪6- MISCELLANEOUS‬‬ ‫‪5- FOLLOW-UP‬‬ ‫‪4- MEDICATION‬‬ ‫‪3- TREATMENT‬‬ ‫‪2- DIAGNOSIS‬‬ ‫‪1- BASICS‬‬
‫‪• Associated conditions‬‬ ‫‪• Monitoring‬‬ ‫‪• Drugs of choice‬‬ ‫‪• Genral measures‬‬ ‫‪• Differential‬‬ ‫‪• Description‬‬
‫‪• Age-related factors‬‬ ‫‪• Prevention‬‬ ‫‪• Contraindications‬‬ ‫‪• Surgical measures‬‬ ‫‪• Laboratory‬‬ ‫‪• Genetics‬‬
‫‪• Pregnancy‬‬ ‫‪• Complications‬‬ ‫‪• Precautions‬‬ ‫‪• Activity‬‬ ‫‪• Pathological findings‬‬ ‫‪• Prevalence‬‬
‫‪• Synonyms‬‬ ‫‪• Prognosis‬‬ ‫‪• Interactions‬‬ ‫‪• Diet‬‬ ‫‪• Special tests‬‬ ‫‪• Age‬‬
‫‪• ICD-9-CM‬‬
‫‪• Alternate drugs‬‬ ‫‪• Patient education‬‬ ‫‪• Imaging‬‬ ‫‪• Signs and symptoms‬‬
‫‪• See also‬‬
‫‪• Other notes‬‬ ‫‪• Causes‬‬
‫‪• Abbreviations‬‬ ‫‪• Risk factors‬‬
‫‪• References‬‬
‫)‪10.12 HEALTH ASSESSMENT (Gaylene Bouska Altman, RN, Ph.D., Karrin Johnson, RN, Robert W. Wallach, MD‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ :١‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١٧٥‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٥٩‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ :٢‬ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺭﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺭﻳﻪ )ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ( ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ :٣‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ »ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ« ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ Case ٢٠ .‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ )ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ( ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ :٤‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ؛ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‪ ٢C‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫(‪11.12 MCCQE Review Nots and Lecture Series (Marcus Law & Brain Rotengberg‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪Section Menu:‬‬ ‫‪Anesthesia, Cardiology, Color Atlas, Community Med, Dermatololgy, Diagnostic Imaging, Emergency, Endocrinology, Family Medicinne, Gastroenterology,‬‬
‫‪General Surgery, Geriatrics, Gynecology, Hematology, Infectious Disease, Nephrology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Obstetrics, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Otolaryngology,‬‬
‫‪Pediatrics, Plastic Surgery, Psychiatry, Respirology, Rheumatology, Urology‬‬
‫)‪12.12 Medical Dictionary (Dorland's) (by W. B. Saunders‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪57‬‬
‫)‪13.12 MEDICAL Encyclopedia For Health Consumers (With Atlas‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪TM‬‬
‫‪14.12 MedStudy‬‬ ‫)‪(The Best Internal Medicine Board Review‬‬
‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪1. The Most Board Specific‬‬ ‫‪2. The Most Powerful‬‬ ‫‪3. The Most Effective‬‬ ‫‪4. The Most Talked About‬‬
‫)‪15.12 Natural Medicine Instructions for Patients (Lara U. Pizzorno, Joseph E. Pizzorno, Jr, Michael T. Murray‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪16.12 Patient Teaching Aids‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪ Print‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪ Search‬ﻗـﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ Tapic‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪17.12 Practical General Practice (Guidelines for effective clinical management) (Alex Khot, Andrew Polmear‬‬ ‫)‪(Third Edition‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫)‪18.12 RAPID REVIEW FOR USMLE STEP 1 (Mosby‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫‪Sciences:‬‬ ‫‪y Anatomy y Behavioral Science y Biochemistry y Histology/Cell Biology y Microbiology/Immunology y Neuroscience y Pathology y Pharmocology y Physiology y Randomize All‬‬
‫‪19.12 SPSS 12.0 for Windows‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬

‫)‪20.12 Textbook of Physical Diagnosis HISTORY AND EXAMINATION (Fourth Edition) (Mark H. Swartz, M.D.) (W.B. SAUNDERS COMPANY‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬

‫‪21.12 The Basics for Interns‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٦‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪) airway Management‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ Apnea‬ﻭ ‪ hypoxia‬ﻭ ‪ ، . . .‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺘﻼﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﻛﻴﺴﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻨﻮﺗﻮﻣﻲ(‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ – Chest x-ray‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ Abdominal x-ray‬ﻭ ‪(CT-scan‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ – ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ – ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﺨﻴﻪ ﺯﺩﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺎﻧﺴﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎ ‪( . . .‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﻝ – ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﻤﻮﺭﺍﻝ(‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺮﮒﻫﺎ )ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺮﮒﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ – ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺮﮒﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ‪( . . .‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻠﻮﺭﺍﻝ ‪) :‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﺳﻨﺘﺰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﻴﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻛﻮﺳﺘﻮﻣﻲ (‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻐﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻐﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫)‪22.12 Understanding Lung Sounds (Audio CD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫)‪23.12 UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Second Edition) (Sue E. Huether, Kathryn L. McCance‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫)‪24.12 Virtual Medical Office CHALLENGE (to accompany Bonewit-West Clinical Procedures for Medical Assistants, 5 Edition‬‬
‫‪th‬‬
‫)‪(W.B. Saunders Company‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪CaseStudy‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﺍﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Critical‬ﻭ ‪Triage‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻤﻌﻲ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪- Case Study‬‬ ‫‪- Clinical Skills‬‬ ‫‪- Challenge Status‬‬ ‫‪-Help‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬
‫)‪25.12 Contemporary Nutrition Food Wise (Food Wise, Weight Manager‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬
‫)‪26.12 Food Works (College Edition‬‬ ‫___‬
‫)‪27.12 INTRODUCTION TO NUTRIOTION AND METABOLISM (Third Edition) (DAVID A Bender‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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28.12 Multimedia Workout (Jeffrey S. Smith, Joseph D. Cook) ‫ــــ‬
29.12 NUTRIENTS IN FOOD (Elizabet S. Hands) 2002
30.12 THE FOOD LOVER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA Culinary Techniques Recipes Nutrition Foods ‫ــــ‬

‫ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ‬-١٣

CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

1.13 American DRUG INDEX (FACTS AND COMPARISONS) 2001
2.13 Appleton and Lange's Quick Review PHARMACY (Twelfth Edition) (Joyce A. Generali, Christine A. Berger) ___
:‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
-Parmaceutics/Pharmokinetics -Pharmacology -Microbiology and Public Health -Chemistry and Biochemistry -Physiology/Pathology -Clinical Pharmacy
3.13 British Pharmacopoeia (version 6.0) 2002
Vol 1: -Notices -Preface -British Pharmacopoeia Commision -Introduction -General Notices -Monographs: Meidicinal and Pharmaceutical Substances
Vol 2: -Notices -General Notices -Monographs -Infrared Reference Spectra -Appendices -Supplementary Chapters
British Pharmacopoeia (Veterinary): -Preface -British Pharmacopoeia Commission -Introduction -General Notices -Monographs -Infrared Reference Spectra -Appendics
th
4.13 CLINICAL DRUG THERAPY Rationnales for Nursing Practice (7 Edition) (ANNE COLLINS ABRAMS) (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) ___
-Dosage Calc Challenge! -Animations -NCLEX Questions -Monographs of 100 Most Commonly Prescribed Drug -Preventing Medication Errors Video -Patient Teaching Sheets
5.13 Chem Office (Renate Buergin Schaller) ___

6.13 DERIVATIZATION REACTIONS FOR HPLC (Georgelunn, Louise C. Hellwic) ___

7.13 Dosages and Solutions CD Conpanion (Virginia Daugherty, RN, MSN, Diana Romans, RN, BSN) (Harcourt Health Sciences) 2000
:‫ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬CD ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
-Mathematics Review -Introducing Drug Measures -How to Read a Drug Label -Calculatin Dosages -Comprehensive Posttest
8.13 DRU ERUPTION REFERENCE MANUAL (The Parthenon Publishing Group) (Jerome Z. Litt, MD) 2004
Search by: - Drug Name -Reactions -Interactions -Categories -Company -Multiple Search -Printing -Common -Reaciton
9.13 DRUG CONSULT (Mosby) ___
Drug Identifier 2003
10.13
Find Products by: -Drug name -Imprint -NDC code -Manufacturer name
11.13 GoodMan and Gilmans's CD-ROM ___

12.13 HERBAL MEDICINE Expanded Commission E Monographs (INTEGRATIVMEDICINE) ___

13.13 Herbal Remedy FINDER ___

14.13 HPLC and CE METHODS for Pharmaceutical Analysis (Version 2.0) (George Lunn) (John Wiley and ons) 2000
15.13 Patient Education Guide to Oncology Drugs Name Search – Categories – Comparisons ___
(Gail M. Wilkes, RNC, MS, AOCN, Terri B. Ades, RN, MS, AOCN)
16.13 PDQ PHARMACOLOGY (GORDON E. JOHNSON, PHD) 2002

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 59
PDR® Electronic Library™ PHYSICIANS DESK REFERENCE (Thomson Medical Economics). 2004
‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬CD ‫( ﻓﺎﺭﻣﺎﻛﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬PDR, PDQ) ‫ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ‬.‫ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺐ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ‬
.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬... ‫ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭ‬،‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﺯﺍﮊ‬

PDQ Pharmacology ‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

.‫ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬Next ‫ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬١ ‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬Acroba Reader ‫ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬.‫ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬،‫ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‬CD ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬
Adobe ‫( ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﺔ‬Start) ‫ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ ﭘﻨﺠـﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ‬٢ ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‬OK ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬.‫ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬Next ‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ‬
.‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Aerobat Reader
17.13 PHARMACOLOGY (Thomas L. Pazderink, Laszlo Kerecsen, Mrugshkumar K. Shah) (Mosby) 2003
18.13 PHYSICANAS' CANCER CHEMOTHERAPHY DRUG MANUAL (Jones & Bartlett) 2004
:‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
- Principles of Cancer Chemotheraphy - Physician's Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2004 - Guidelines for Chemotherapy and Dosing Modifications
- Common Chemotherapy Regimens in Clinical Practice - Antimetic Agents for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
19.13 The Herbalist (David L. Hoffman) ___
-Basic Principles -Human Systems -Actions -Herbal Materia Medica
20.13 THE MERCK INDEX on CD-ROM (Version 12:3) 2000
21.13 USP 26-NF 21 Through Supplement Two (U.S. PHARMACOPEIA) (The standard of Quality) (The United States Phamocopeial Convention, Inc) 2003

‫ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬:١٤

CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

1.14 BUILDING A MEDICAL VOCABULARY (FIFTH EDITION) (FEGGY C. LEONARD) (W.B. Saunders Company) 2001
2.14 ELECTRONIC MEDICAL DICTIONARY (STEDMAN'S) (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS) 2001
3.14 English Family (Merriam-Webster) ‫ــــ‬
4.14 Entertainment Collection ‫ــــ‬

5.14 How to Prepare for TOEFL ‫ــــ‬

6.14 Learn To Speak English Dictionary & Grammer (CD1-4) ‫ــــ‬
7.14 Mad About English Spelling (Interactive Learning) ‫ــــ‬
8.14 Medical Information on the Internet (A Guide for Health Professionals) (Second Edition) (Robert Kiley) ‫ــــ‬

Why use the Internet? Getting Wired Finding what you want The top ten medical resources
Internetive Learning E-mail, discussion lists and newsgroups The quality issue Consumer health information
The future Appendix A: Finding more information information Appendix B: Netscape Navigator and Internet Appendix C: Optimising your computer
Appendix D: Configuring TCP/IP Appendix E: Glossary

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 60
9.14 Preparation For the TOEFL (Dictionary Crossword Puzzle Matching Game) ‫ــــ‬
10.14 Preparing for the GRE Writing Assessment ‫ــــ‬
What does the GRE General Test measure? The GRE General Test is designed to measuregeneral knowledge and reasoning skills in three areas that are important
for a academic achievement: Verbal Ability Quantitative Ability Analytical Ability
11.14 Speak Fluent Series ‫ــــ‬

12.14 Studying a Study Texting a Test (Fourth Edition) (Richard K. Riegelman) ‫ــــ‬

Accreditation Statement Instructions to Users Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Continuing Medical Education CME User assessment Faculty Credentials/Disclosure
Designation Statement Target Audience Test-CME Needs Assessment Glossary Learning Objectives
13.14 The AMERICAN HERITAGE® TALKING DICTIONARY (Daniel Finkel) ‫ــــ‬
14.14 THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE (6
TH
EDITION) (W.B. Saunders Company) 2000
1. Word Ports (Chapters 1-4) 2.Body Systems (Chapter 5-18) 3. Specialties (Chapter 19-22)

15.14 TriplePlayPlus! ENGLISH (Syracuse Languag Systems) ‫ــــ‬

16.14 Users' Guides To The Medical Literature (A manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice) (Gordon Guyatt, MD, Drummond Rennie, MD, Robert Hayward, MD) 2002

‫ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬-١٥

CD ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

1.15 1. Reflux Disease and Nissen Fundoplication (Philip E. Donahue, MD) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
2. Supraceliac Aortic-Celiac Axix-Superior Mesenteric Artery Bypass (Gregorio A. Sicard, Charles B. Anderson)
2.15 Advanced Therapy in THORACIC SURGERY (Kenneth L. Franco, MD, Joe B. Putnam Jr., MD) ‫ــــ‬
3.15 Aesthetic Department ‫ــــ‬
ARTECOLL: Injectable micro-Implant, for long lasting levelling of facial wrinkles and folds
M-Implants By Rofil THE BEAUTY PHILOSOPHY: M-Implantans by Rofil you and your patients with the highest quality mammary implants in every option possible.
4.15 American Collage of Surgeons ACS Surgery Principles & Practice (CDI , II) ‫ــــ‬
5.15 Aspects of Electrosurgery (Dr. Anthony C. Easty, PhD PEng CCE) Department Medical Engineering ‫ــــ‬
6.15 Atlas of Liposuction (Tolbert s. Wilkinson, MD) ‫ــــ‬
7.15 Atlas of RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (Prof. Legndre, Martin, Helenon, Lebranchu, Halloran, Nochy) ‫ــــــ‬
-Histopathology -surgery -clinical section -imaging -immunology -immunosupperssive
8.15 Basic Surgical Skills (David A. Sherris. M.D., Eugene B. Kern, M.D.) (Mayo Clinic) ‫ــــ‬
9.15 Breast-Augmentation with NovagoldTM The PVP-Hydrogel Filled Implant ‫ــــ‬

10.15 Case Presentations In Plastic Surgery (Christopher Stone, Consultant Plastic Surgeon) 2004

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 61
11.15 Cholecystectomy by Laparoscopy (Department of Surgery Hospitalor Saint-Avold France) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
1. Appendicectomy 2. Highly Selective Vagotomy 3. Taylor's Operation
12.15 Clinical Surgery (Second Edition) (Michael M. Henry, Jeremy N. Thompson) ‫ــــ‬

13.15 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Patient Evaluation for Non-Cardiac Surgery and Gynecology and Urology (Michael K. Rees, MD, MPH) ‫ــــ‬

.‫ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Harvard ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬CD ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬CCC
‫ ﺳـﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬.‫ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬CD
:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﺎﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
Male impotence ‫ ﻋﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ‬-٣ .(AUB) ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺣﻢ‬ -٢ ‫ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ( ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‬-١

.‫ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬text ‫ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬
12.3 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Gynecology (Michael, Isaac Schiff, Keith, Thomas, Annekathryn) ‫ــــــ‬
14.15 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Gynecology (Michael, Isaac Schiff, Keith, Thomas, Annekathryn) ‫ــــــ‬

15.15 VCD 1: Rhinophyma (9:52) - Alloderm Lip Augmentation (14:04) - Collagen Injection Sequence
‫ــــ‬
COMPREHENSIVE FACIAL REJUVENATION

16.15 VCD 2: Full-Face Jessner’s/35% Trichloroacetic Acid Pell (31:21)

(A practical and systematic guide to surgical

17.15 VCD 3: Combined Resurfacing Technique for Aone Scarring (10:18) ‫ــــ‬
Botox Reconstitution and Injection Sequence (20:53) - Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing (8:10)
2000
management of the aging face)

18.15 VCD 4: Postoperative Care of the Chemical Peel Patient (31:21)

19.15 VCD 5: Transconjunctival Lower-Lid Blepharoplasty (9:05) ‫ــــ‬
Skin-Muscle Flap Lower-Lid Blepharoplasty with Midface Extension (16:20)
20.15 VCD 6: Follicular Transfer Hair Transplantation Session (30:20) ‫ــــ‬

21.15 VCD 7: Upper-Lid Blepharoplasty (11:25) - Chin Augmentation with Gore-Tex Alloplast (13:21) ‫ــــ‬
22.15 VCD 8: Minimal Incision Brow and Midface Lift (31:02) ‫ــــ‬
23.15 VCD 9: Primary Facelift (37:17) ‫ــــ‬
24.15 VCD 10: Secondary Facelift with Gore-Tex Sling (30:21) ‫ــــ‬

25.15 ‫ــــ‬
VCD 11: Scalp Reduction Sessions (31:47)

26.15 LAPAROTOMY (Royal Society of Medicine in association with Royal College of Surgeons of England) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
27.15 Lipostructure (Sydncy Coleman, M.D.) (byron) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
28.15 Lower Body Lift (Abdominoplasty) (Lockwood, M. d., Kansas Gity) (VCD) (CD I , II) ‫ــــ‬
29.15 MALAR AUGMINTATION (CLINICAL MIRASIERRA MADRID) (Ulrich T. Hinderer Dr. Juan L. Del Rio) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 62
30.15 Mammary augmention by High-Cohesive Silicon Gel Implant (Igar Nicchajev, Goran Jurell) ‫ــــ‬

31.15 Mastery of Endoscopic & Laparoscopic Surgery (Second Edition) 2005

32.15 NMS Surgery Tutor (Dereck Mooney, T. Mack Brown, Cristian Jansenson, Denise Riedlinger) 2000
33.15 Open Repair of Abdominal Wall Hernias Using Prosthetic materials (Arthur I. Gilbert, M.D.) ‫ــــ‬

-Small Bowel Obstrution Immediately Following Laparoscopic Herniorraphy (Karl A. Zucher, MD)
-VJGS Case Study: Laparoscopic Loop Ilestomy for Temporary Fecal Diversion (Steven D. Wexner, Petachia Reissman)
-VJGS Consultants Corner: Managed Care Update, Pt, III (Michael A. Wood)
34.15 Plastic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery (Second Edition) (Volume 1 , 2) ‫ــــ‬

35.15 Plug Repair for Inguinal Hernias ‫ــــ‬

1- First Case: Inguinal Hernia type "Direct" 2- Second Case: Injuinal Hernia type "Indirect"
25.6 Practical MINOR SURGERY ‫ــــ‬
36.15 Principles of Surgery (Eight Edition) (Schwartz's) (E-Book) (CD I , II) 2005
Part1: Basic Considerations Part II: Specific Considerations
37.15 Single Puncture Laparoscopic Technique (Marco Pelosi, MD) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
38.15 Structural Fat Grafting (Sydney R. Caleman) (E-book & Film) 2004

39.15 Submitted Subject: Transvaginal Sonographic Assessment of Pelvic Pathology: Preoperative Evaluation (Frances R. Batzer, MD) ‫ــــ‬
40.15 SURGERY (John D Corson, Robin CN Willimson) (Launching Slide Vision) (Mosby)
‫ــــ‬
-Surgical Principles and Critical Care -Trauma -Gastrointestinal surgery -Vascular Surgery -Brast and Endoceine Surgery -Transplantation Surgery -Allied Surgical Specialties
41.15 Surgery of the Liver & Biliary Tract 3e: Selected Operative Procedures (L.H. BLUMGART, Y. FONG) (W.B. Saunders) 2000
-Hepatic Procedures -Biliary Procedures -Special Procedures
42.15 The Distal Splenorenal Shunt: Effective or Obsolete? (VIDEO JOURNAL OF GENERAL SURGERY) (Layton Fredrick Rikkers, M.D.) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
- Options for Treating Portal Hypertension -Ideal Candidates for Distal Splenorenal Shunt -Components of Distal Splenorenal Shunt Procedure
-HIPS Advantages -HIPS Disadvantages -Distal Splenorenal Shunt Patency
43.15 The Ileana Pull-through Operative Prpcedure of Ulcerative Colitis: Eliminating the Permanent Ileostomy (Eric W. Fonkalseud, M.D.) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬

44.15 The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Pain Management (Second Edition) (Jane Ballantyne, Scott M. Fishman, Salahadin Abdi) (SALEKAN-E-book) ‫ــــ‬
- General Considerations - Diagnosis of Pain - Therapeutic Options: Pharmacologic Approaches - Therapeutic Options: Nonpharmacologic Approaches
- Acute Pain - Chronic Pain - Pain Due to Cancer - Special Situations - Apendices - Subject Index
45.15 TISSUE ADHESIVES In Wound Care (James V. Quinn, M.D., FACEP) ‫ــــ‬
46.15 Tissue Glues in Cosmetic Surgery (RENATO SALTZ, M.D., DEAN M. TORIUMI, M.D.) 2004

47.15 Tolaryngology Surgery for Fronatal Sinus Disease (Professor & Chairman, Bobby R. Alford, M.D.) (VCD) ‫ــــ‬

48.15 Video Journal General Surgery (VCD) ‫ــــ‬

1. Reflux Disease and Nissen Fundoplication (Philip E. Donahue, MD)
2. Supraceliac Aortic-Celiac Axis-Superior Mesenteric Artery Bypass (Gregorio, Leonardo, Brent, Charles)

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪63‬‬
‫‪49.15‬‬ ‫‪Video Journal General Surgery‬‬ ‫)‪(VCD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫)‪Open Repair of Abdominal Wall Hernias Using Prosthetic materials (Arthur I. Gilbert, M.D.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫)‪Small Bowel Obstrution Immediately Following Lapatoscopic Herniorraphy (Karl A. Zucker, MD‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫)‪Laparoscopic Loop Ileostomy For Temporary Fecal Diversion (Steven D. Wxner, MD, Petachia Reissman, MD‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫)‪Consultants Corner: Managed Care Update, Pt, III (Michael A. Wood‬‬

‫‪ -١٦‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪CD‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫‪Burkect's Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫‪ -‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ‪Mange‬ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ‪-‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﻭﻣﻨﺪﻣﺒﻮﻻﺭ ﻭ ‪ Manage‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ -‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ‬
‫‪th‬‬
‫‪2.16‬‬ ‫‪Caratera's Clinical PERIODONTOLOGY 9 Edition‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ Textbook -‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺘﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻟﺜﻪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎ ‪ -‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﺜﻪ ﻭ ‪ PPL‬ﻭ ‪ – ...‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﺜﻪ ﻭ ‪PDL‬‬
‫‪3.16‬‬ ‫)‪COLOR ATLAS OF Dental Medicine Aesthetic Dentistry (Josef Schnidsedes‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ‪ -‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﻥﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﻥﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻓﻴﻠﻪ )ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ(‪ – (PFM) -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻛﺮﺍﻭﻥ‬
‫‪4.16‬‬ ‫‪Color Atlas of Endodontics‬‬‫)‪(William T. Johnson DDS.MS‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ‪ – ...‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ )‪(Retreatment‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ‪ - Acsess‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‬
‫‪5.16‬‬ ‫‪Contemporary Orthodontics PROFFIT‬‬ ‫ــــ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ‪ TMJ‬ﻭ ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﺩﻭﻧﺴﻲ ‪ -‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺗﻮﺩﻭﻧﺴﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ‪ Textbook -‬ﺍﺭﺗﻮﺩﻭﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ‪ -‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﺩﻭﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫‪6.16‬‬ ‫‪Craniofacial Development‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻧﺎﺯﺍﻝ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﺪﻳﺒﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪...‬‬
‫‪7.16‬‬ ‫‪Critical Decisious in Periodoutology‬‬ ‫)‪(Walte R.B.HALL‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺘﻴﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺘﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫‪8.16‬‬ ‫‪Dental Assisting‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺐ ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﺪﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ‪ Position‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻚ ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪) Instroment‬ﻗﻠﻢﻫﺎ( ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻜﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺘﺎﻝ ‪ Dessing‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪9.16‬‬ ‫‪Dental Implant System‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻭﻣﻨﺖ ‪ -‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫‪10.16‬‬ ‫)‪Dental Implant System Fixed Implant Restorations (ITI Dental Implant System) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪11.16‬‬ ‫‪Endodontics‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺪﻭﻣﻨﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ – ‪ Shaping - Cleaning‬ﻭ ﺁﺩﺍﭘﺘﻪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺕﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ‪...‬‬
‫‪12.16‬‬ ‫)‪Endodontics 5 Edition (John I. Ingle, DDS, MSD, Leif K. Bakland, DDS‬‬
‫‪th‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪13.16‬‬ ‫)‪ESSENTIAL OF ORAL MEDICINE (Silverman, Roy Eversole, Truelove‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪Case‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﻣﺎﻛﻮﻣﻮﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪ .a‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪14.16‬‬ ‫)‪ESTHETIC DENTISTRY 2th Edition (Dennet W. Aschheim, Barry G. Dale‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ‪-١ :‬ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎﺯﻳﺖ ‪ -٢‬ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﺎﻝ ‪ -٣‬ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻮﻝﻛﺮﺍﻭﻥ ‪ -٤‬ﻭﻳﻨﻴﺮ )‪ -٥ (PFM‬ﺭﺯﻳﻨﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ ‪ -٦‬ﺑﻠﻴﭽﻴﻨﮓ )ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ( ‪ -٧‬ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫‪15.16‬‬ ‫)‪Esthetic Implant Dentistry (Daniel Buser, Hans Peter Hirt) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪16.16‬‬ ‫)‪ESTHETIC IMPLANT DENTISTRY (Daniel A. Bases, Urs.E.Belses‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ‪TPS‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﻚﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ ‪ITI‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ – ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪17.16‬‬ ‫)‪Esthetic in Dentistry (Vol 1- Vol 2‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﻠﻮﮊﻱ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻚﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫‪18.16‬‬ ‫)‪ESTHETICS IN DENTISTRY (Second Edition‬‬ ‫‪PRINCIPLES COMMUNICATIONS TREATMENT METHODS‬‬ ‫‪1998‬‬
‫‪19.16‬‬ ‫‪Glossary of Orthodontic Terms‬‬ ‫)‪(John Daskalogiannakis‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪20.16‬‬ ‫)‪Guide to Physical Examination (Mosby‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ‪ Case‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪21.16‬‬ ‫‪Implant Medpor Mandibular A method to Restore Skeletal Support to the Lower Face‬‬ ‫)‪(Oscar M. Ramirez M.D., F.A.C.S.) (POREX) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪22.16‬‬ ‫‪ITI Dental Implant‬‬ ‫)‪(CD I , II , III‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻟﺜﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻚ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫‪23.16‬‬ ‫)‪ITI TE Solution ITI TE Implant (DENTAL IMPLANT SYSTEM) (Daniel Buser) (Disk 1-3‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬
‫‪24.16‬‬ ‫‪Journal of Esthetic & Restorative Dentistry‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ‪ -٧‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ‪ -٨‬ﺑﻠﻴﭽﻴﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﻨﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻠﻪ ‪ -٤‬ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎﺯﻳﺖ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ‪ -٥‬ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎﺯﻳﺖ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ‪Packable‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﺮﻳﺲﻫﺎ ‪ -٢‬ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ Crown -١١‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪Post -١٠‬‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪25.16‬‬ ‫)‪LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS (Rafi Romano) (TO EXPLORE THE CD-ROM‬‬ ‫‪1998‬‬
‫‪26.16‬‬ ‫)‪Local Anesthesia in Dentistry (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ‪ -‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﺜﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ‬
‫‪27.16‬‬ ‫)‪Local Anesthesia in Dentistry (Dr. Markus D. W. Lipp Wolfgang Kelm) (VCD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪28.16‬‬ ‫‪My Orthodontics‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺩﺭﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﺩﻭﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻃﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪29.16‬‬ ‫‪Oral Disease Diagnosis & Treatment‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺭﻧﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺯﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺑﻮﻟﻮﺯ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‬
‫‪30.16‬‬ ‫‪Oral Pathology 4th edition‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ Case ٥٠‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪31.16‬‬ ‫‪Orthodontics & Paediatric Dentistry‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﻠﻮﮊﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ‪TMJ‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﻠﻮﮊﻥ ‪Mixed dentition-‬‬
‫‪32.16‬‬ ‫‪Orthodontics Priociples & Techniques 3th Edition‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ -‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ‪ TMJ‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻮﺩﻭﻧﺴﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪33.16‬‬ ‫)‪Pathways of the PMP (8th Edition‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪Part I: The Art of Endodoutics‬‬ ‫‪Part II: The Science of Endodoutics‬‬ ‫‪Part III: Related Clinical Topics‬‬
‫‪34.16‬‬ ‫)‪PERIODONTAL MEDICINE (L.F. Rose, R.J.Genco, B.L. Mealey, D.W. Cohen‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪35.16‬‬ ‫‪Periodontal Surgery‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺘﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﭘﺎﻛﺖ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺘﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻟﺜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺘﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺭﺗﺎﮊ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻭﻧﺸﻴﻢ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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36.16 Periodontal Surgery Clinical Atlas ‫ــــ‬

37.16 Removal Orthodontics Apliances ‫ــــ‬

.‫ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻻﺑﺮﺍﺗﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬III ‫ ﻭ‬II ‫ ﻭ‬I ‫ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻼﺱ‬Case ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻫﻬﺎ‬
38.16 Saunders Dental Assisting (Multimedia Resource) (Second Edition) (Doni L. Bird , Debbie S. Robinson) 2003
39.16 Strauman Dental Implant System (VCD) ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﮔﺰﻳﻠﺪ‬- ‫ ﭘﻴﻦﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺋﻞ‬- ‫ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺴﺞ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ‬-
40.16 The Center of Education, Teaching and Research for Oral Implant Reconstruction (Prof. Dr. Hns L. Grafelmann) (CD I , II) ‫ــــ‬
-Pitt-Easy BIO OSS -Phase TPS Cylinder Implant - Vertical Load
41.16 The Entegra Dental Implant System Entegra Surgical Videos (Robert Schroering) ‫ــــ‬
42.16 The IMZ Implant System (VCD) (Dr. Karl-Ludwing Ackermann, Dr. Axel Kirsch) (CD I , II) ‫ــــ‬
43.16 Toothcolored Restoratives ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ‬Case ‫ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬- ‫ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ‬- ‫ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬-
44.16 TOOTH-COLORED RESTORATIVES Ninth Edition (Principles and Techniques) (Harry F. Albers, DDS) 2002
45.16 Treatment Planning in Dentistry ‫ــــ‬
‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬- ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬Case ‫ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬-
46.16 Treatment Planning in Dentistry (Stephen Stefanac, D.D.S., M.S.Sam Nesbit, D.D.S., M.S.) ‫ــــ‬
47.16 UCD Implant ‫ــــ‬
... ‫ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ‬- ‫ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺴﺞ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻠﭗ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺴﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‬- ‫ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﻲ‬-

‫ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬:١٧
1.17 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (5 Edition) th
(Gary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton) ‫ــــ‬
2.17 BODY WORKS 6.0 A 3D Journey Through The Human Anatomy ‫ــــ‬
3.17 Interactive Guide to Human Neuroanatomy (Mark F. Bear, Barry W. Connors, Michael A. Paradiso) 2002

Atlas: -Surface Anatomy of Brain -Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Brain -The Spinal Cord -The Anatomy Nervous System -The Cranial Nerves -The Blood Supply to the Brain
Exam:I -Surface Anatomy of the Brain -Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Brain -Comprehensive Exam
4.17 Interactive Physilogy MUSCULAR SYSTEM (A. D. A. M. Benjamin/Cummings) (Marvin J. Branstrom, Ph.D.) ‫ــــ‬
-Anatomy Review: Skeletal Muscle Tissue -The Neuromuscular Junction -Sliding Filament Theory -Muscle Metabolism -Contraction of Motor Units -Contraction of Whole Musle
5.17 InterActive PHYSIOLOGY Cardiovascular System ‫ــــ‬

The Heart Blood Vessels

Anatomy Review: The Heart Intrinsic Conduction System Anatomy Review: Blood Blood Pressure Regulation
Cardiac Action Potential Vessel Structure and Function Autoregulation and Capillary Dynamics
Cardiac Cycle Measuring Blood Pressure
Cardiac Output Factors that Affect Blood Pressure
6.17 Interactive PHYSIOLOGY for Windows Urinary System Version 1.0 ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻗﻠﺐ‬.‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 66
‫ ﺧـﻮﺩﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴـﻚ‬،‫ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺧـﻮﻥ‬،‫ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺧـﻮﻥ‬،‫ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ‬:‫ ﺏ( ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬.‫ ﭼﺮﺧﺔ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﻥﺩﻩ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬،‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺘﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ‬،‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻗﻠﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
.‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺋﻮﺱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻮﻳﺮﮒﻫﺎ‬
.‫ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫( ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻮﻕ‬Quiz) ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬
7.17 Interactive Physiology RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (A. D. A. M. Benjamin/Cummings) (Andrea K. Salmi) ‫ــــ‬

-Anatomy Reviw: Respiratory Structures -Pulmonary Ventilation -Gas Exchange -Gas Transport -Control of Respiration
8.17 MedWorks Anatomy & Physilogy ‫ــــ‬
Anatomy Y Physiology: The Nervous System
Cells and Tissues The Integumentary System Body Chemistry The Skeletal System The Muscula System
Overview Organization
Cardiovascular System: The Cardiovascular System, The Lymphatic and Immune
The Endocrine System The Respiratory System The Digestive System The Urinary System
Blood Heart System
Somatic and Autonomic The Peripheral Nervous The central Nervous The Reproductive
The Sensory Organs Inheritance
Systems Systems System System
.‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬Medwork ‫ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻛﺘﻮﺭﻱ‬Setup.exe ‫ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
9.17 Panorama of Anatomy & Physiology Structure & Function of the Body (Eleven Edition) (Gary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton) ‫ــــ‬
10.17 Range of Motion-AO Neutral-0 Method Measurement and Documentation (Time) ‫ــــ‬
11.17 Sobotta (Atlas of Human Anatomy) (Urban & Schwarzenbery) 2002
1. General Anatomy 2. Head and neck 3. Upper Limb 4. Brain and Spine Cord 5. Eye 6. Ear 7. Thoracic and Abdominal Wall 8. Thoracic Oegans 9. Lower Limb

Past (‫ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬Setup ‫ )ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬C:\Urban ‫ ﺭﺍ ﻛﭙﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬Sobotta 1.5Crack ‫ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ‬Crack ‫ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻛﺘﻮﺭﻱ‬،‫ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬.‫ ﺁﺑﻲﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬Setup ، English ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻛﺘﻮﺭﻱ‬:‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.‫ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬
12.17 Student Companion CD-ROM for Principles of Anatomy & Physiology (Tenth Edition) (John Willey & Sons, INC.) 2003
13.17 The Interactive Skeleton Tutorial (Dr. peter Abrahams of cambridger University, UK.) ‫ــــــ‬
1. Head 2. Spine 3. Ribs 4. Upper Limb 5. Lower Limb
14.17 World of SPORT examined ‫ــــ‬

‫ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭﻱ‬:١٨
1.18 The Oncology Nursing Society presents THE ADVANCED PRACTICE ONCOLOGY NURSING REVIEW ‫ــــ‬
2.18 Textbook of MEDICAL SURGUCAL NURSING (Ninth Edition) (Katherine H. Dimmock) Student Self Study Disk to Accompany BRUNNER & SUDDARTH'S ‫ــــ‬
3.18 Focus on Nursing Pharmacology (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 2000
4.18 Wongs ESSENTIALS OF Pediatric Nursing (Mosby) A Harcoun Health Sciences Company 2001
5.18 Maternal, Neonatal and Women's Health Nursing By Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 2002
6.18 Nursing Care of Infants and Children (Seven Edition) 2003

:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

- Childre, Their Families, and the Nurse - Assessment of the Child and Family - Family-Centered Care of the Newborn - Family-Centered Care of the Infant
- Family-Centered Care of the Young Child - Family-Centered Care of the School-Age Child - Family-Centered Care of the Adolescent - Family-Centered Care of the Child with Special Needs
- The Child who is Hospitalized - The Child with Disturbance of Fluid and Electrolytes - The Child with Problems Related to Transfer of Oxygen and Nutrients

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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- The Child with Problems Related to Production & Circulation of Blood - The Child with Disturbance of Regulatory Mechanisms - The Child With a Problem that Interfers with Physical Mobility
7.18 McMinn's Interactive Clinical Anatomy ‫ــــ‬
8.18 INRERACTIVE ATLAS OF CLINICAL ANATOMY (Illustrations by Frank H. Netter, M.D.) ‫ــــ‬

‫ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ‬-١٩
1.19 Clinical Tests for the Musculoskeletal System (Klaus Buckup, KlinikumDortmund Orthopaedic Hospital Dortmund Germany) (Salekan E-Book) 2004
2.19 DIET & FITNESS ‫ــــ‬
3.19 DIGITAL SHIATSU ‫ــــ‬
:‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٦ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬

‫ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬- ‫ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬- ‫ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‬- (therapies) ‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬- (self- shiatsu) ‫ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬- (total body) ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ‬-

.‫ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻃﺮﺡﻭﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻦ ﭼﺎﭘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬-١
.‫ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬-٢
(... ‫ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﭗ ﭘﺎ ﻭ‬، ‫ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﮔﻲ‬، ‫ ﺍﺳﻬﺎﻝ‬، ‫ ﻳﺎﺋﺴﮕﻲ‬، ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‬، ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺒﺪﻱ‬، ‫ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻍ‬،‫ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺯﻳﺖ‬،‫ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻠﺞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬،‫ ﺁﺭﺗﺮﻳﻮﺍﺳﻜﻠﺮﻭﺯ‬: ‫ ) ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٢٢ ‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ‬-٣
‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Namikoshi ‫ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻣﺘﺪ‬-٤
.‫ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ‬-٥
.‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬Autorun ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

.‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬program ‫ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬Lifestyle softuare Group ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬،‫ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬Setup.exe ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬:‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‬install.exe ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‬Desktop ‫ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬Jurassic Park Entertainment ‫ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
4.19 EXERCISE THERAPY PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE ( John Gormley and Juliette Hussey) ( 2005
5.19 Fibromyalgia Syndrome Bodywork Management Strategies ___
٥ ‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻭﻣﻴﺎﻟﮋﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Leon Chitow ‫ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺐ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻤﺲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
Assessment Methodes
- Manual Thermal Diagnosis - Skin on Fascia Adherence - Hyperalgesic Skin Zones reduced Skin elasticity - Drag palpation for increased hydrosis - Neuro muscular Technique Evaluation (NMT)
6.19 Fundamentale of Sensation ad Perception (3rd Edition) (M.W. Levine) ‫ــــ‬
:‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬١٦ ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬CD ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
Introduction and instructions Threshold experiment or Signal Detection Specializations of the Vertebrate eye Retinal Cells responding to light
Brain anatomy, Blink Suppression, or Cortical Demonstratuins of Fourier
Afterimages Cortical columns or Equiluminant demos
Cell responses components
Depth from motion of random dots Optical IIIusions and Constancies Motion demonstrations Color mixing or Opponent cells
Traveling waves on the basilar
Pitch and Loudness of tones Speech sounds of Mystery phrase Muscle spindle feedback
membrane
Gnglion Cells responding to light Motions from form of Impossible figures Mechanics of the middle and inner ear Taste-influenced by vision
7.19 Health & Fitness (DataSel Software, Inc) ‫ــــ‬
1. Getting Started 2. The Exercise Demonstration Screen 3. Strength 4. Stretch 5. Equipment 6. Muscles 7. Workouts 8. Setup 9. Technical Support

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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8.19 Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy ‫ــــ‬
9.19 Introduction to Massage Therapy (Mary Beth Braum, Steplianic Simonsoon) (Salekan E-Book) 2005
10.19 MANIPULATION OF THE SPINE, THORAX AND PELVIS An Osteopatic Perspective (Peter Gibbons, Philip Tehan) ‫ــــــ‬

‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳـﻞ‬.‫ ﻓﻘﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻟﮕﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬manipulation ‫ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ‬٣٤ ‫ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
:‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ‬: HVLA thrust techniques-spine and thorax - Cervical and cervicothoracie spine -Thoracic spine and rib cage -Lumbar and thora Columbar spine
‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‬: HVLA thrust techniques-pelvis
.‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬Autorun ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬manipulafion ‫ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬
11.19 Massage Therapy Review (interactive Edition) (Mosby) ‫ـــــ‬
12.19 Men's Health GET RID OF THAT GUT
STAGE 1: BEGINNERS LEVEL STAGE 2: INTERMEDIATE LEVEL STAGE 3: ADVANCED LEVEL
13.19 MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUES ADVANCED SOFT TISSUE TECHNIQUES (Second Edition) 2001

.‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬٣٠ ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬٨ ‫ ﻟﺌﻮﻥ ﭼﻴﺘﻮ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ‬Muscle Energy Techniques ‫ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬـﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬.‫ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬MET
:‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬Reciprocal inhibtion ‫ ﻳﺎ‬Post isometric Relaxation ‫ﺗﺮﺍﭘﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻨﻴﺴﻚ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬،‫ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﺭﺗﺮﻳﺖ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺩﻡ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ‬،‫ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﺣﺘﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻱ‬،‫ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﺣﺘﻘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻱ‬،‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬،‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
14.19 Myofascial Release Techniques (John F. Barnes, PT) (VCD I , II) ‫ــــــ‬
15.19 Orthopaedics for Nurses (John Ebnezar) (Salekan E-Book) ‫ــــ‬
16.19 Orthopedic Massage Theory and Technique (Whitney Lowe Leon Chaitow) 2003
17.19 Palpation Skills for Muscles and Joints ‫ــــــ‬
18.19 Physical Education and the Study of Sport (Bob Davis, Ros Bull, Jan Roscoe, Dennis Roscoe) (Mosby) ‫ــــــ‬
1- Physical Education and the Study of Sport 2- Synoptic Questions Harcourt Health Sciences 3- The Project Personal Performance Profile
rd
19.19 Physical Rehabilitatioon of the Injured Athlete 3 Edition (James R. Andrews, Gary I., Harrison, Kevin) (Salekan E-Book) 2004
20.19 Positional Release Techniques ADVANCED SOFT TISSUE TECHNIQUES (Leon Chaitow) (Harcourt) (Second Edition) ‫ــــــ‬
.‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬٣١ ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬١٢ ‫ ﻟﺌﻮﻥ ﭼﻴﺘﻮ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ‬Positional Release ‫ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﻳﭙﺮﺗﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺣﺖﺗﺮﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﺳـﻢ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻬـﺎﺏ‬Positional Release
.‫ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻜﻠﻮﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺩﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Spontaneous Positional relese variations The evolution of dysfunction Unloading and Proprioceptive taping
Modified strain/counterstrain technique Learning SCS SCS for muscle pain (plus INTT and self-treatment)
Goodheart and Morrison's Positional release variations and lift techniques SCS (and SCS variations) in hospital settings The Mulligan concept: NAGs, SNAGs, MWMs, etc.
Functional technique Facilitated Positional release (FPR) Cranial and TMJ Positional release methods
21.19 Power Touch ‫ــــــ‬
22.19 Principles of Manual Therapy (A Manual Therapy Approach to Musculoskeletal Dyslimction) (Salekan E-Book) 2005

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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23.19 Surface and Living Anatomy (Gordon Joslin SOtJ) 2002
.‫ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬.‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬٢٢٦ ‫ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬CD ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
24.19 The Complete Acupuncture ‫ــــ‬
25.19 The Principles of Harmonic Techniques (Eyal Lederman) (VCD) ‫ــــــ‬

‫ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ‬Eyal Lederman ‫ﻫﺎﺭﻣﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﺍﻝ )ﺩﺳﺘﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬
:‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬٤ ‫ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ‬CD ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
1- The Principles of Harmonic Technique 3- The Principles of Harmonic Technique Using Pelvic Mass Oscillations
2- The Principles of Harmonic Technique Using Thoracic Mass Oscillations 4- The Principles of harmonic Technique Using Appendicular Oscillations
26.19 YOGA for YOU (Anatomy) ‫ــــ‬

‫ ﺍﻭﺭﮊﺍﻧﺲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ‬:٢٠

1.20 American College of Surgons ACS Surgery Principles & Pracitce (CD I , II) (E-Book) 2004
2.20 Advanced Pediatric Life Support: The Critical First Hour CPR and ACLS Review (David G. Nichols, MD) ‫ــــــ‬
:‫ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬-‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
1: Initial Evaluation, 2: Airway Management, 3: Epiglottitis and Gidup, 4: Respiratory Failure, 5: Advanced Pediatric CPR, 6: Resuscitative Drugs
3.20 ANESTHESIA (Ronald D. Miller, MD) (Fifth Edition) 2000
4.20 Anesthesiology (The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc) Abstracts of Scientific Papers 2002
5.20 Anesthesiology (The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc) Abstracts of Scientific Papers 2000
6.20 Clinical Procedures in EMERGENCY MEDICINE (4th Edition) (James R. Roberts, MD, Jerris R. Hedges, MD, MS) (E-Book) (CD I, II) 2004
7.20 Emergency Medical Training (MedEMT) Victory Technology, Inc. Presents (DISC ONE, TWO) ‫ــــــ‬

MedEMT Overview Emergency Medical Services (EMS) The Well-Being of the EMT-Basic Anatomy and Physiology-Part 1 Anatomy and Physology-Part 2
Medical Terminology Vital Signs and SAMPLE History Lifting and Moving Patients Airway Management Patient Assessment
Medical and Behaval Care I Medical and Behavioral Care II Obstetric and Gynecological Care Trauma Infants and Children
Operations Appendix A: Video/Animation List Appendix B: Victory Products
8.20 EMERGENCY MEDICINE A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE (Rosen's ) (Volume 1-3) (Sixth Edition) (Judith E. Tintinall, MD, MS) 2004
9.20 EMT-Basic Slide Set Slide Program Guide (John A. Stouffer, EMT-P, Richard S. Bennett, RN, EMT-P, BSN) (Mosby) 1999
10.20 Peripheral Regional Anaesthesia Tutorial in the Ulm Rehabilitation hospital (Prof. Dr. Med. H. Mehrkens) (VCD) (CD I , II) ‫ـــــ‬

1. Anatomical Fundamentals 2. Peripheral Neve Stimulation 3. Regional Anaesthesia 4. Upper, Lower Extremity 5. Peripheral Neve Blocks 6. Peripheral Neve Blocks
11.20 The American Academy of Pediatric (David G. Nichols, MD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine) ‫ــــــ‬
-Intitial Steps in Resuscitation -Ventilating the Infant -Chest Compressions -Endotracheal Intubaion
12.20 The Lipponcott-Raven Interactive Anesthesia Library on CD-ROM (Version 2.0) (Paul G. Barash, MD) ‫ـــــ‬
13.20 The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Pain Management (Salekan E-Book) ‫ـــــ‬
،‫ ﺳﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﻣﻨﺪ‬Poacet guide ‫ ﺍﺯ‬Edition ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬،‫ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬Mass.Gen
‫ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬CD ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬
.‫ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺩ‬CD ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺩﺭﺩ‬.‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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.‫ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬- ‫ﺩﺭﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬- ‫ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻓﺎﺭﻣﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ‬- ‫ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬- :‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
48.9 New Analgesic Options: Overcoming Obstacles to Pain Relief 2002
- MD, NP, PA, RN Answer Sheet -Pharmacist Answer Sheet -Back Pain -Fibromyalgia -OA Pain -Post Op Pain -Trauma -References
11.20 Textbook of CRITICAL CARE (Salekan E-book) 2005
SECTION I RESUSCITATION AND MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
SECTION II TRAUMA
SECTION III IMAGING
SECTION IV CELL INJURY AND CELL DEATH
SECTION V INFECTIONS DISEASE
SECTION VI ENDOCTINOLOGY, METABOLISM, NUTRITION, PHARMACOLOGY
SECTION VII CARDIOVASCULAR
SECTION VIII PULMONARY
12.20 Miller's Anesthesia (Vol I & II) (Salekan E-book) 2005
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION
SECTION II: SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES
SECTION III: ANESTHESIA
VOLUME 2
SECTION IV: SUB SPECIAL TV
SECTION V: CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
SECTION VI: ANCILLARY
RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS
COMPANION VIDEO CD-ROM
Video 1 Patient Positioning in Anesthesia
Video 2 Code Blue Simulation
13.20 NEW YORK SCHOOL OF REGIONAL ANESTHESIA PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 2004
-TRAINING IN PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS - ESSENTIAL REGIONAL ANESTHESIA ANATOMY -EQUIPMENT AND PATIENT MONITORING IN REGIONAL ANESTHESIA
-PERIPHERAL NERVE STIMULATORS AND NERVE STIMULATION -CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
-NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS -KEYS TO SUCCESS WITH PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS -CERVICAL PLEXUS BLOCK
-INTERSCALENE BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK -INFRACLAVICULAR BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK -AXILLARY BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK
-INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL BLOCK OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY -CUTANEOUS NERVE BLOCKS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY -THORACIC PARAVERTEBRAL BLOCK
-THORACOLUMBAR PARAVERTEBRAL BLOCK -LUMBAR PLEXUS BLOCK - SCIATIC BLOCK: POSTERIOR APPROACH 234
-SCIATIC BLOCK: ANTERIOR APPROACH 252 -FEMORAL NERVE BLOCK -POPLITEAL BLOCK: INTERTENDINOUS APPROACH -POPLITEAL BLOCK: LATERAL APPROACH
-ANKLE BLOCK - WRIST BLOCK -CUTANEOUS NERVE BLOCKS OF THE LOWER EXTERMITY -DIGITAL BLOCK
14.20 Interactive Regional Anesthesia ‫ــــــ‬

‫؛ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬٢١

1.21 Adult and Pediatric Urology (Jay Y. Gillenwater, john T. Grayhack, Stuart S. Howards, Michael E. Mitchell) 2002
Adult Urology Adult Urology Continued Pediatric Urology Video Library
2.21 Advanced Therapy of Prostate Disease (Martin I. Resnick, MD, Ian M. Thompson, MD) 2000
.‫ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Acrobat reader ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬٦٤٨ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
.‫ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٧١ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
،‫ ﻏﺮﺑــﺎﻟﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺴــﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺳــﺘﺎﺕ‬-٩ ‫ ﻭ‬١١ ‫ ﻭ‬١٢ ‫ ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ‬.‫ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻜـﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳــﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺴــﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺳـﺘﺎﺕ‬-٨ ‫ ﻓﺼــﻞ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﮕــﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻄــﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺳــﺘﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺴـﺮ ﺷــﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬-٧ ‫ ﻓﺼــﻞ‬.‫ ﺍﭘﻴــﺪﻣﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺴــﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺳـﺘﺎﺕ ﺷــﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬٦-١ ‫ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ‬
.‫ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻜﺘﻮﻣﻲ‬:‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬-١٩ ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬staging ‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ‬-١٧-١٨ ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬.‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬-١٣-١٦ ‫ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ‬.‫ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ‬-١٠ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫‪ ٢٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٢١‬ﻭ ‪Stage -٢٢‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ -٢٩-٢٤ .Radical Perianal Prostatectomy -٢٣ .‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ‪ Brachy therapy ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻮﺭﻣﻮﻧﺎﻝﺗﺮﺍﭘـﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺮﺗﺮﺍﭘـﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺴـﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﺳـﺘﺎﺕ ‪ -٣٩-٣٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﻓﺼـﻞ ‪(TNM) Staging‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ -٤٠-٤٣‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻜﺘﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ PSA‬ﻭ ﻫﻮﺭﻣﻮﻥﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﻭ ‪ -٤٤ ...‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﻜﺘﺮ ‪ genitourinary‬ﺁﺭﺗﻴﻔﻴﺸﺘﺎﻝ ‪ -٤٥‬ﻛﻼﮊﻥﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻲﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺳـﺘﺎﺕ ‪-٤٧‬‬
‫‪ -٤٦‬ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ‪ erction‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺭﻛﺘﺎﻝ ‪ -٥٠-٤٨‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﻤﻲﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ‪ -٥١‬ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺭﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ -٥٢-٥٣ . BPH‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‪ -٥٤ .‬ﭘـﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻧﺴـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺠـﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ‪ -٥٥ Voding‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ ‪ :BPH -٥٦ BPH‬ﻛﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ؟ ‪ -٥٧-٥٨‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ /‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ -٥٩ BPH‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 5α‬ﺭﺩﻭﻛﺘﺎﺯ ‪ -٦٠-٦٦‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪BPH‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ )ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﻭﺭﺗﺮﺍﻝ ‪ ،needle Ablation‬ﻟﻴﺰﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ‪ TUIP ،TUFP ،‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﭘﻲ ﻭ ‪ open‬ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻜﺘﻮﻣﻲ(‪ -٦٧-٧١ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮔﻨﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪5.15‬‬ ‫‪Atlas of RENAL TRANSPLANTATION‬‬ ‫)‪(Prof. Legndre, Martin, Helenon, Lebranchu, Halloran, Nochy‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪-Histopathology‬‬ ‫‪-surgery‬‬ ‫‪-clinical section‬‬ ‫‪-imaging‬‬ ‫‪-immunology‬‬ ‫‪-immunosupperssive‬‬
‫‪3.21‬‬ ‫‪AUA Vide Digest The American Urogical association (AUA) Impotence and Infertility‬‬ ‫ـــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )‪ (AUA video digest‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ Impotence‬ﻭ ‪ Infertilitey‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ :Impotence‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(Diagnosis8 treatment option) .‬‬
‫ﺏ( ‪ :Penile Venous Ligation‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ :Rectal Probe Electroejaculation :Infertiliry‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ ejaculation‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ‪ ejaculation‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪4.21‬‬ ‫)‪BLADDER BIOPSY INTERPRETATIONS (Jonathan I. Epstein, M.D., Mahul B. Amin, M.D., Victor E. Reuter, M.D.) (CD I, II) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Normal Blodder Anatomy and Variants of Normal‬‬ ‫‪Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms with Inverted Growth‬‬
‫‪Flat Urothelial Lesions‬‬
‫‪histology‬‬ ‫‪Patterns‬‬
‫‪Conventional Morphologic, Prognostic, and Predictive Factors and Reporting of‬‬
‫‪Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma‬‬ ‫‪Glandular Lesions‬‬
‫‪Bladder Cancer‬‬
‫‪Squamous Lesions‬‬ ‫‪Cystitis‬‬ ‫‪Mesenchymal Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions‬‬
‫‪Miscellaneous Nontumors and Tumors‬‬ ‫‪Second ary Tumors of the Bladder‬‬
‫‪5.21‬‬ ‫)‪Bristol Urological Institute (Computer Aided Learning Program‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﻈﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٤‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﻛﺎﻧﺴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻭﺗﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﺑﻲﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﻋﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ‪ -٧‬ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪impotence -٢‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -٢ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -٣ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺗﺼـﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ‪٤‬ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺷﺨﺺ ‪ Score‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪6.21‬‬ ‫‪CAMPBELL'S UROLOGY‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬
‫‪Urologic Examination and‬‬ ‫‪Physiology, Pathology, and Management of‬‬ ‫‪Infections and Inflammations of the‬‬ ‫& ‪Voiding Function‬‬
‫‪Anatomy‬‬
‫‪Diagnostic Techniques‬‬ ‫‪Upper Urinary Tract Diseases‬‬ ‫‪Genitourinary Tract‬‬ ‫‪Dysfunction‬‬
‫‪Benign Prostatic‬‬ ‫‪Reproductive Function and‬‬
‫‪Sexual Function and Dysfunction‬‬ ‫‪Pediatric Urology‬‬ ‫‪Oncology‬‬
‫‪Hyperplasia‬‬ ‫‪Dysfunction‬‬
‫‪Carcinoma of the‬‬
‫‪Urinary Lithiasis and Endourology‬‬ ‫‪Urologic Surgery‬‬ ‫‪Pathology Atlas‬‬ ‫‪Radiology Atlas‬‬
‫‪Prostate‬‬
‫‪Study Guide‬‬ ‫‪Additional Media‬‬
‫‪7.21‬‬ ‫‪Core Curriculum in Primary Care‬‬ ‫‪Patient Evaluation for‬‬ ‫)‪Non-Cardiac Surgery and Gynecology and Urology (Michael K. Rees, MD, MPH‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫‪ CCC‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪CD‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ‪ Harvard‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫‪ CD‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﺎﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Male impotence‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﻨﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺣﻢ )‪.(AUB‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ( ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‬
‫)‪8.21 Core Curriculum in Primary Care Nephrology (Michael K. Rees, MD, MPH‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫‪ CCC‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪CD‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ‪ Harvard‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ CD‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﺎﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪1- How to erahcate Renal mass/Tumor‬‬ ‫‪2- Drugs vs Diet in Modifying Renal failure‬‬ ‫‪3- Treatment of Mypertension-Special Case‬‬ ‫‪4-Clinical Application of Renal Physiology‬‬
‫‪12.3‬‬ ‫)‪Core Curriculum in Primary Care Gynecology (Michael, Isaac Schiff, Keith, Thomas, Annekathryn‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪9.21‬‬ ‫‪Cystectomy and Construction an Ileocecal Neobladder for Urethral Voiding‬‬ ‫)‪(John A. Libertino MD, FACS‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬
‫‪10.21 Hot Topics in UROLOGY‬‬ ‫)‪(Roger S Kirby, Michael P O'Leary) (SALEKAN E-BOOK‬‬ ‫‪2004‬‬

‫‪Premature ejaculation Michael P O'Leary‬‬ ‫‪New developments for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: Present and Future‬‬ ‫‪Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease‬‬
‫‪Angiogenesis as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in urological malignancy Chemoprevention of prostate cancer‬‬ ‫‪Apoptosis in the prostate‬‬
‫‪Robotic surgery and nanotechnology‬‬ ‫‪Marginally worse? Positive resection limits after radical prostatectomy‬‬ ‫‪Adjuvant therapy for prostate cancer‬‬
‫‪Bisphosphonates: a potential new treatment strategy in prostate cancer‬‬ ‫‪I mmunotherapy for prostate‬‬ ‫‪What,s hot and whats not - the medical management of BPH‬‬
‫‪Three-dimensional imaging of the upper urinary tract‬‬ ‫‪Future prospects for .. nephron conservation in renalcel I carcinoma‬‬ ‫‪Urethral stricture surgery: the state of the art‬‬
‫‪Reducing medical errors in urology‬‬ ‫‪Management of female sexual dysfunction‬‬ ‫‪Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy‬‬
‫‪Antisense therapy in oncology: current‬‬ ‫‪The overactive bladder‬‬ ‫‪Organ preserving therapies for penile carcinomas‬‬
‫)‪11.21 PRIMER ON KIDNEY DISEASES (Second Edition) (NATINAL KINDEY FOUNDATION SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻛﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١١‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٥١٧‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﻧﻜﺸﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺸﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،U/A ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻭﻫﻴﺒﺮﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﻮﺯﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺭﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ Glomerular Diseuse -٣‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧﻮﭘﺎﺗﻮﮊﻧﺰ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻣﺮﻭﻱ‪ MGN ،FSGN ،MPGN ،MCD ،‬ﻭ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﮔﻮﺩﭘﺎﺳﭽﺮ ﻭ ‪ IGA‬ﻧﻔﺮﻭﭘﺎﺗﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٤‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ CHF‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺒﺪﻱ‪ PSGN ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ SLE ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻔﺮﻭﭘﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ‪ HIV‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٥‬ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻞ‪ approach ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٦‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ NSAID‬ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺛﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻧﻔﺮﻭﭘﺎﺗﻲ ‪ ،Sickle cell‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Cystic‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ‪ Alport‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺴﻴﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٨‬ﻧﻔﺮﻭﭘﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺑﻮﻟﻮﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺳﺘﻴﺸﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺳﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺰﺍﻻﺕ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٩‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‚ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٠‬ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﺍﻭﺭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶﺁﮔﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ‪ ،CRF‬ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺼﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﻏﺪﺩﻱ ‪ CRF‬ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١١‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﭘﺎﻧﻮﮊﻧﺰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ‪ Renovascular‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫‪12.21 The Journal of UROLOGY‬‬ ‫)‪(Spring & Summer‬‬ ‫)‪(CD I, II‬‬ ‫)‪(Official Journal of the American Urological Association‬‬ ‫‪2003‬‬

‫‪CD I:‬‬ ‫‪- Clinical Urology‬‬ ‫‪-Pediatric Urology‬‬ ‫‪-Investigative Urology‬‬ ‫‪-Urological Survey‬‬
‫‪CD II:‬‬ ‫‪- Clinical Urology‬‬ ‫‪-Pediatric Urology‬‬ ‫‪-Investigative Urology‬‬ ‫‪-Urological Survey‬‬ ‫‪-CME Participant Assessment Test and Course Evaluation‬‬
‫)‪13.21 Urogynecology: Evaluation and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence (Bruce Rosenzweig, MD, Jeffrey S. Levy, MD, Donald R. Ostergard, MD‬‬ ‫ــــــ‬

‫ﻼ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CD‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ٤ Urogynechology‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Consideration for the OB/GYN Generalist‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬ ‫‪won surgical & surgical Management‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬ ‫‪Evaluation -٢‬‬ ‫‪Introduction Definigg Incontinence‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫‪Patient misconceptions y‬‬ ‫‪affected women y‬‬ ‫‪ y‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ‪incontince‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪:Introduction & Defining Incontince (١‬‬
‫‪Types of incontinernce y‬‬ ‫‪incontinence awareness y‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪:incontinency‬‬
‫‪Cystoscopy y uroflowmetry y Postvoid residual y Cystometrogram y Pad test y‬‬ ‫‪ y Voiding diary y‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ‪ y‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪un , u/s y‬‬
‫‪Pessary test y‬‬ ‫‪Multi-Channel urodynamics y‬‬

‫‪ (٣‬ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪: Stress urinary incontinence‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ))‪ biofeedback, Beharioral modification‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺋﻲ ‪ funetional electrieal Stimalation‬ﻭ ‪ (....‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ Procedure‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧـﺮ ‪ Complication‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪: Consideration for the OB/Gyn Generalist (٤‬‬

‫‪eystometry y‬‬ ‫‪incontinrence management to private patients y‬‬ ‫‪Non surgical therapy y‬‬ ‫‪urogynechology as a subdiscipline y‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Allied Staff y‬‬ ‫‪equipment cost ySet-up requirement y‬‬ ‫‪Urodynamics y‬‬ ‫‪professional consideration y‬‬
‫‪14.21 The Kidney‬‬ ‫)‪(Volume 1-2‬‬ ‫)‪Seven Edition (Barry M. Brenner) (E-Book‬‬ ‫ــــ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺁﻣﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،....‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺩﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺪﻥ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻮﺳﺘﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺑﺮﻝ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،AVP ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﮔﻼﻧﺪﻳﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ‪ ،CHF‬ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻲﻣﺰﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻧـﺎﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺘﻮﻟـﻮﮊﻱﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻭﻫﻴﭙﺮﻛﺎﺳﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ٢‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻣﺮﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺮﻭﭘﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻚ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﭘﺎﺗﻮﮊﻧﺰ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺯﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﭙﺮﺗﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ )ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ (renovascular‬ﺍﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻮﺩﺳﻴﺘﺮﻭﻓﻲ ﺭﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﺎﻟﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺭﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻫﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪15.21 SCHWARTZ'S PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY (8th Edition) (F. Charles Brunicardi, Dana K. Andersen, Timothy R. Billiar) (Salekan e-book) (CD I, II‬‬ ‫‪2005‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ‪ VCD‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪ my computer‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ‪ CD-ROM‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Xing player‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Xing‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Xing Mpeg Player ، desktop‬ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ Open ، File‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Look in‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ‪ CD-Rom‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Video CD ( *.dat) . Files of type‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻛﺘﻮﺭﻱ ‪ Mpegav‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ‪ Avseq01‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ Open‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪: E-book‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻲ ﺩﻱ ‪ E-book‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ ‪ CD-Rom‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ PCA pdf book setup‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Autorun‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ CD‬ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ E-book‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳـﺪ “ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ‪ Acrobat Reader Installation‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ‪ Acrobat‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻃﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ“ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ Execute The Program‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ View‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Acrobat‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮ \‪ C:‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﺘﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 500‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺩﻥ ‪ View‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Error 110‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪/‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ )ﺭﻳﺎﻝ( ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ‬

‫‪RADIOLOGY‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫)‪Pediatric Radiology (The Requestions) (Hans Blickman‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪200,000‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫)‪Differential Diagnosis in Conventioanl Gastrointestinal Readiology (Francis A. Burgener, Marti Konnano‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪240,000‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫)‪Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen: Normal and Pathologic Anatomy (Morton A. Meyers, 5 Edition Springer Verla‬‬ ‫‪th‬‬
‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪500,000‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫)‪Primary Care Radiology (Mettker, Guibert EAU. VO.SS', URBINA‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪250,000‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫)‪Textbook of Uroradiology (N. Reed Dunnick, MD, Carl M. Sandler, Md, Jeffrey H. Newhouse, MD, Estephen Amis', JR., MD‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪400,000‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫)‪Head and Neck Radiology a Teaching File (Anthony a Mancusd, Hiroya Ojiri, Ronald G. Quisling)(Lippincottt Williams & Wilkins‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪400,000‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫)‪Essentials of Skeletal Radiology (Terry R. Yochum; Lindsay J. Rowe‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪700,000‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫‪8.‬‬ ‫)‪Textbook of Radiology & Imaging (David Stutton) (2003‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬
‫)ﺍﻭﺭﮊﻳﻨﺎﻝ(‬
‫‪1,400,000‬‬

‫‪9.‬‬ ‫)‪Radiology Reviw Manual (Fourth Edition) (Wolfgang Dahnert) (2003‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪400,000‬‬
‫)‪10. Forensic Radiology (B. G. Brogdon MD‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪300,000‬‬
‫)‪11. The Core Curriculum Neuroradiology (Mauricio Castillo) (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪400,000‬‬
‫)‪12. Diagnostic Neuroradiology (Anne G. Osborn) (Mosby‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪500,000‬‬
‫)‪13. Bone and Joint Disorders (Conventional Radiologic Differentioal Diagnosis) (Francis A. Burgener Marti Kormano‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪300,000‬‬
‫)‪14. Atlas of Radiologic Measurement (Theodore E. Keats, Christopher Sistrom) (Mosby‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪400,000‬‬

‫در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻋﻈﻢ ﺟﺪاول و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻢ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮیﻫﺎی رادﯾﻮﻟﻮژی و ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺑﺮداری در ‪ 14‬ﻣﺒﺤﺚ و در ‪ 630‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﺮدآوری ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ اﺑﺰار ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﻮاﺣﯽﻫﺎی‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻮل اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار ذﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﯾﻨﺘﺮاﮐﺮاﻧﯿﺎل ‪ -‬ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﺣﻔﺮه ادرﺑﯿﺖ و ﺳﯿﻨﻮسﻫﺎی ﭘﺎراﻧﺎﻣﺎل ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺘﯿﺎت ادرﺑﯿﺖ ﺻﻮرت و ﮔﺮدن ‪ -‬ﺳﺘﻮن ﻓﻘﺮات و ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت آن ‪ -‬اﻧﺪام ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ‪ -‬ﻟﮕﻦ و ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ‪ - Hip‬اﻧﺪام ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮی و ﭘﻠﻮﺳﯿﺘﺮی در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﯽ ‪ -‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ و ﻟﻨﻔﺎوی‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮراﮐﺲ‪ ،‬رﯾﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﯾﺎﺳﺘﻦ و ﺟﻨﺐ ‪ -‬دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش ‪ -‬دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ادراری‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗﻠﺐ و ﻋﺮوق ﺑﺰرگ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮغ اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ‬
‫)‪15. Radiobiology for the Radiologist (Fifthe Edition‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪400,000‬‬
‫)‪16. Anatomy Positioning & Procedures Workbook (Steven G. Hayes‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪470,000‬‬
‫)‪17. Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate disease (Seven Edition) (Theodere E. Keats & Mark W. Anderson) (Mosby‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪700,000‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ )ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲﭘﻮﺭ( ‪18.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪50,000‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ )ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﮔﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﺭﺣﻴﻤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺮﺏ ﺧﺮﺩﻣﻨﺪ( ‪19.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪180,000‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﻌﺘﺮﻳﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ )ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﺰﺍﺩﻩ( ‪20.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪50,000‬‬
‫)‪21. Radiographic Anatomy Positioning and Procedures Workbook (Second Edition) (volume I , II) (Steven G. Hayes, Sr.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪380,000‬‬
‫)‪22. Gastrointestinal Radiology A Pattern Approach (4th Edition‬‬ ‫)‪(Ronald L. Eisenberg‬‬ ‫)‪(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) (2003‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪600,000‬‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮥ ﮐﺎﻣﻠﯽ از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺑﺮداری دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب در ‪ 80‬ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ‪ 10 ،‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﺣﺪود ‪ 1200‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ دارد روش اراﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪ Pattern Approach‬ﺑﻮده و ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪه را ﻗﺎدر ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد ﺗﺎ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺑﺮداری ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش را دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺﻫﺎی اﻓﺘﺮاﻗﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ از‬
‫دﯾﮕﺮ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪23. Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy (Third Edition) (Jamie Weir, Peter H. Abrahams) (2003‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪250,000‬‬
‫)‪24. Pediatric Sonography (Third Edition) (Thieme) (Francis A. Burgener, Steven P. Meyers) (2004‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪600,000‬‬
‫)‪25. Musculoskeletal Imaging Companion (Thomas H. Berquist) (2002‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪500,000‬‬
‫)‪26. Practical Guide to Abdominal & Pelvic MRI (John R. Leyendecker, Jeffrey J. Brown‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 ‫‪76‬‬
‫‪SONOGRAPHY‬‬
‫)‪27. Ultrasonography in Urology A Practical Approach to Clinical Problems (Edward I. Bluth-Peter H.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪350,000‬‬
‫‪28. Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MR‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪70,000‬‬
‫)‪29. Diagnostic Ultrasound (Rumack, Wilson, Charboneau) (2005‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪1,400,000‬‬
‫ﭼﺎپ اول اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل ‪ 1991‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن رﺳﯿﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ داﻧﺶ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ در ﻃﻮل ‪ 6‬ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎی ﺑﺴﯿﺎری داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻧﯿـﺎز ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺎزﻧﮕﺮی در‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﯽﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﯿﺶ از ﯾﮑﺼﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ درﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺗﻼش ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ آﺧﺮﯾﻦ دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎی داﻧﺶ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺑﺮداری‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ رﺷـﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﯾـﺮ درآوردهاﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼـﻮل ﮐﺘـﺎب ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻫﯿﺴﺘﺮوﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﻻﭘﺎروﺳﮑﻮﭘﯿﮏ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻮﭘﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬در ﮐﻠﯽ ‪ %25‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮐﻠﯽ ﮐﺘﺎب اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻤﺪه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ زﻧﺎن و زاﯾﻤﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد زﯾﺎدی از ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ و ﺑﯿﺶ از ‪ 450‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم رﻧﮕﯽ در وﯾﺮاﯾﺶ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ وﺟﻮد دارد‪ .‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺟﺪﯾﺪی ﺑﺮای ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن و درک ﻣﻄﻠﺐ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر وﯾﺮاﯾﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺪﺑﻨـﺪیﻫـﺎی رﻧﮕـﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟـﺐ و‬
‫ﺟﺪاول ‪ highlight‬ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮای ﻧﮑﺎت ﮐﻠﯿﺪی ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ درﺷﺖﺗﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮی ﺑﺎزﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب در دو ﺟﻠﺪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻠـﺪ اول ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ و اﺛﺮات ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ و ﻣﻮاد ﺣﺎﺟﺐ در ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺷﮑﻢ و ﻟﮕﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮراﮐﺲ و روشﻫﺎی ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪای )‪ (interrcntional‬ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ‪ Intraoperative‬و ﻻﭘﺎراﺳﮑﻮﭘﯿﮏ را ﺷﺮح ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺑﺮداری اﻋﻀﺎء ﮐﻮﭼﮏ )‪ (small part‬را اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎروﺗﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎ و ورﯾﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻠـﺪ دوم ﮐﺘـﺎب ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺎﻣﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ اﻃﻔﺎل اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ داﭘﻠﺮ اﻃﻔﺎل و ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪای در اﻃﻔﺎل ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن اﯾـﻦ‬
‫ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ و دﺳﺘﯿﺎران رادﯾﻮﻟﻮژی داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫)‪30. Diagnostic Ultrasound (John P. McBany Gorgon, B. Gorgon, MD) (2005‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﭼﺎﭖ‬
‫)‪31. Ultrasound A Practical Approach to Clinical Problems (Edward Bluth, Peter H. Arger Carol B. Benson, Philip W. Rails, Marilyan) (Thieme‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪500,000‬‬
‫)‪32. Breast Ultrasound (A. Thomas Stavros, MD, FACR) (2004‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪800,000‬‬
‫)‪33. Musculosceletal Ultrasound (Thomas R. Nelson, Donal B. downey, Dolores H. Pretorius, A aron Fenster‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪500,000‬‬
‫)‪34. The Core Curriculum Ultrasound (William E. Brant) (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪400,000‬‬
‫‪35. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (Eberhard Merz) (Thieme) (Vol.1: Obstetrics‬‬ ‫‪2005‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪800,000‬‬
‫)‪36. Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy (B. Block) (Thieme) (2004‬‬ ‫‪450,000‬‬
‫‪CT‬‬
‫)‪37. Fundamentals of Body CT (Second Edition) (Webb & Brant & Helms‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪250,000‬‬
‫‪38. Body CT A Practical Approach‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪240,000‬‬
‫)‪39. High Resolution CT of the Lung (W. Richard Webb‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪280,000‬‬
‫)‪40. High Resolution CT of the Chest Comprehensive Atlas (Second Edition) (Eric J. ster, Stephen J. Swensen)(Lippincott Williams&Wilkins‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪320,000‬‬
‫)‪41. Pediatric Body CT (Marilyn J. Siegel‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪320,000‬‬
‫)‪42. CT Teaching Manual (Marthias Hofer) (Thieme) (2000‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪250,000‬‬
‫)‪43. CT Teaching Manual (A Systematic Approach to CT Reading) (Second Edition) (Thieme) (2005‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪550,000‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 77
44. Spiral CT (Eliot K Fishman & R. Brocke Jeffrey) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 400,000
45. Helical (Spiral) computed Tomography (A Practical Approach to Clinical Protocols) (Paul M. Silverman) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 250,000
46. Norma findings in CT and MRI (Torsten B. Moeller, EmilReif) (Thieme) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 300,000
47. CT and MR Imaging of the Whole Body (John R. Haaga, MD) (2003) ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 1,000,000
48. Multidetector CT (Principles, Techniques, & Clinical Applications) (Elliot K. Fissman, R. Brooke Jeffrey, JR.) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 550,000
49. Spiral and Multislice Computed Tomography of the Body (Aart J. Van der Molen Cornelia M. Schaefer-Prokop) (Thieme) (2003) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 800,000
MRI
50. MRI of the Musculoskeletal System (Thomas H. Berquist) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 600,000
51. MRI of the Musculoskeletal System MRI Teaching file Series (Karence K Cahn, Mini Pathria) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 240,000
52. MRI of the Head and Neck MRI Teaching file Series (Jrffrey S. Ross) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 240,000
53. MRI of the Spine MRI Teaching file Series (Jeffrey S. Ross) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 240,000
54. MRI of the Brain I & II MRI Teaching file Series (Michel Brant, Zawadzki and…) ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 480,000
55. MRI the basics fray h. Hashemi and William g. bradley, Jr.) (Williams & Wilkins) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 35,000
56. MRI Principles (Donald G. Mitcell, MD) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 190,000
57. Clinical Pelvic Imaging CT, Ultrasound, and MRI (Arnold C. Friedman, MD) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 300,000
58. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine The Basic Textbook of the European Magnetic Resonance Forum (Peter A. Rinck) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 105,000
59. Magnetic Resonance in diagnosis of C.N.S. disorders (vaso antunavic, gradimir dragutinovic, zvonimir lec) (Thieme) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 450,000
60. Section and MRI anatomy of the human body (slobodan marinkovic, milan milisavljevic, dieter sehellinger, vaso antunovic) (Thieme) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 450,000
61. PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ABDOMINAL & PELVIC MRI (JOHN R. LEYENDECHER, JEFFERY J. BROWN) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 450,000
Doppler
62. Vascular diagnosis with Ultrasound Clinical References With Case Studies (Hennerici, Neuerburg-Heusler)(Thieme) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 600,000
63. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography (Fourth Edition) (Zwiebel) (James Saunders) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 600,000
‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﻧﺎﺗﻴﻮ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨـﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﮋﻳـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬، ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
‫ ﻭ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮﻓﺼـﻞﻫـﺎﻱ‬.‫ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺟﺰﺋﻲﺗﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬٣١ ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ )ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ‬٥ ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ‬B-mode ‫ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬.٢ ‫ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬.١ :‫ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬.٥ ‫ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‬.٤ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻃﻴﻒ )ﻣﻮﺝ( ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ‬.٣

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﻼﻙ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ‬.٩ ‫ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ‬.٨ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬.٧ ‫ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬.٦ :‫ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬-‫ﺏ‬
(TCD) ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬.١٣ ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻭ ﺭﺗﺒﺮﺍﻝ‬.١٢ ( ‫ ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻨﺴﻴﻮﻥ‬-‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺪﺍﺩ‬.١١ ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ‬.١٠
‫ ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬.١٦ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬.١٥ ‫ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬.١٤ :‫ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺝ‬
‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬.١٨ ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬.١٧
(‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ )ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ‬.٢٢ ‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻛﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‬.٢١ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬.٢٠ ‫ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬.١٩ :‫ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺩ‬
‫( ﻭ ﭘﺎﻣﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻭﺭﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ‬AVF) ‫ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻱ‬.٢٤ ‫ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺒﻮﺯ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻱ‬.٢٣
‫ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻛﺒﺪ‬.٢٩ ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬.٢٨ ‫ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻙ‬،‫ ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ‬.٢٧ ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ‬.٢٦ :‫ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ‬-‫ه‬
Penis ‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ‬.٣١ (‫ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻱ‬Native ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﺮ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ )ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬.٣٠
64. Teaching Manual of Color Duplex Sonography A Wokbook in color duplex ultrasound and echocardiographer (Matthias Hofer) (Thieme) (2005) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 550,000
65. Vascular Ultrasound of the Neck an Interpretive atlas (Antonio Alayon)(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 400,000
66. Duplex Scanning in Vascular Disorders (Third Edition) (D. Eugene Strandness, Jr.) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 600,000
67. Doppler Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics (Christof Sohn, Hans-Joachim Voigt, Klaus Vetter) (2004) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 500,000
Imaging
68. Skeletal Imaging Atlas of the Spine and Extremities (John A. M. Donald Resnick, MD) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 500,000
69. Imaging for Surgeons ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 90,000
70. Imaging of the Newborn, Infant and Young Child (Fourth Edition) (Leonard E. Swischuk) (2004) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 600,000
71. Thoracic Imaging A Practical Approach (Richard H. slone Fernando R. Gutier) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 250,000
72. Gastrointestinal Imaging, Case Review (Peter J. Feczko, Obert d. Halperi) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 250,000
73. Imaging in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease A Practical Clinical Approach (Dirk Van Leeuwen, Jacques Reeders, Joe Ariyama) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 500,000
74. Aids Imaging A Practical Clinical Approach (J WA J. Reeders, J. R. Mathieson) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 420,000
75. Special Procedures in diagnostic Imaging (C'lark's)(A. Stewart Whitley, Chrissie W. Alsop Adrin D. Moore) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 350,000
76. Breast Imaging (Second Edition) (David B. Kopans) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 500,000
77. The Core curriculum Breast Imaging (Gilda Cardenosa) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 4 00,000
78. Neuroimaging I & II (William It. On'ison, jr) ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 900,000
79. Fundamentals of Neuroimaging (William w. Woodruff.M.D.) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 360,000
80. Magnetic Resonance Imaging computed Tomography of the Head and Spine (C. Barrie Grossman) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 400,000
81. Atlas of Musculoskeletal Imaging (Thomas Lee Pope, Jr. Stephen Loehr)(Thieme) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 420,000
82. Atlas of Head and Neck Imaging (The Extracranial Head and Neck) (Suresh K. Mukherji, Vincent chong) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 500,000
83. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Orthopeadic Trauma (Stephen J. Eustace)(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 250,000

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪79‬‬
‫)‪84. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Imaging and Intervention (David A. Stringer-Paul S. Babyn MDCM‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪500,000‬‬
‫)‪85. Modern Head and Neck Imaging Medical Radiology, Diolopy, Nostic Imaging (S. K. Mukhetji, J. A. castelijins)(Springer‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪260,000‬‬
‫)‪86. Variants and Pitfalls in Body Imaging (Ali Shirkhoda)(Lippincot Williams & Wilkin's‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪500,000‬‬
‫‪87. Clinical Imaging‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪580,000‬‬
‫)‪88. Diagnostic Imaging Brain (Osborn) (2004‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪1,100 ,000‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺭﻭﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ "‪ "Ann Osborn‬ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ‪ ٢١‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ format‬ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴـﻚﻫـﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﹰﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺴـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻚﺟﻠﺪﻱ "ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ" ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ‪ CNS‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪PART I (Pathology-based diagnoses): Congenital malformations-Trauma Sulianachnoid hemorrhage and‬‬
‫‪Aneurisms-Stroke-Vascular Malformations Neoplasm's and Tumor in lesions-Primary Non-neoplastic cysts-‬‬
‫‪Infection and Demyelinating Disease-Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Inhenited-Toxic/Metabolic/Degenesative‬‬
‫‪Disorders, Acquired‬‬
‫‪PART II (Anatomy-based Diagnoses): Ventricles and Cysterns-Sella and Pitutary-CPA-IAC-Skull, Scalp and‬‬
‫‪Meninges‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Terminology-Imaging Findings-Differentioal Diagnosis-Pathology Clinical Issues-Selected references-Imaging‬‬
‫‪Gallery-Key Facts‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﻴﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﻚ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Key Facts‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "‪ "Diagnostic Imaging Brain Osborn 2004‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﺯﻳﺪﻧﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪89. Diagnostic Imaging Orthopaedics‬‬ ‫)‪(Stoller.Tirman Bredella) (2004‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪900,000‬‬
‫)‪90. Diagnostic Imaging Head and Neck (Harnsberger) (2004‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪1,000 ,000‬‬

‫)‪91. Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy Atlas of MR Imaging and Computed Tomography (Hans-Joachim Kretschmann‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪1,350 ,000‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2004‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﻲﮔﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺁﻧـﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺁﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺑﺠﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﭖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺣﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ‪ MRI‬ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ‪ NeuroFunctional‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺳﻲﺗﻲﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻭ ‪ MRI‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺰﻳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﮊﻳﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪92. DIAGNOSTIC MUSCULOSKELETAL IMAGING (THEODORE T. MILLER, MARK E. SCHWEITZER) (2005‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪450,000‬‬
‫)‪93. Orthopedic IMAGING (A Pracitcal Approach) (ADAM GREENSPAN) (Michael W. Chapman) (2004‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪700,000‬‬
‫)‪94. Aids to RADIOLOCIAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (Forth Edition) (Stephen Chapman and Richard Nakielny) (2003‬‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪250,000‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 80
95. Teaching Atlas of Brain Imaging (Nancy J. Fischbein, William P. Dillon, A. James Barkovich) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 500,000
The Radiologic Clinics of North America
96. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Imaging of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (W. Richard Webb.M.D.) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 150,000
97. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Neonatal Imaging (Janet L. ST. Rife, M.D.) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 115,000
98. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Lung Cancer (Claudia I. Henschke. Phil, M.D.) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 140,000
99. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Interventional Procedures in Musculoskeletal Radio I Interventional Techniques (Jamshid Tehranzadeh, MD) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 100,000
100. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Interventional Procedures in Musculoskeletal Radio II Advanced Arthrography (Jamshid Tehranzadeh) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 200,000
101. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Advances in Emergency Radiology I & II (Robert A. Novell) ‫ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 120,000
102. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Cardiac Radiology (Lawrence M. Boxt. MD) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 150,000
103. The Radiologic Clinics of North America Interventional Chest Radiology (Jeffrey S. Klein, M.D.) ‫ﺗﻚ ﺟﻠﺪﻱ‬ 150,000

Imaging of the newborn, infant, and young child (LEONARD E. SWISCHUK, M. D.) (FIFTH EDITION) (2004)

Borderlands of Normal and Early Pathological Finding in Skeletal Radiography (Fifth revised edition)
(Juergen Freyschmidt, Joachim Brossmann, Juergen Wiens, Andreas Sternberg) (Thieme)

Clinical Imaging (Ronald L. Eisenberg, Amelda County ‫)ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺩﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬600,000 :‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬

(an atlas of differential diagnosis) (Lippincott Williums & Wilkins) (Forth Edition) (2003)

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴـﻚ )ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﹰﺎ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫( ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺷﻲ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬multiple Pulmonary nodules ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
.‫( ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬... ‫ ﻭ‬MRI ، CTScan ،‫ ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬، Plain film ‫ )ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬Imaging ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
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‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪Chest‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪ -٨ Gastrointestinal‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Breast‬ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺳﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪Genitourinary‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻜﺘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﺪﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Atlas Of Normal Roentgen Variants that may Simulate Disease‬‬ ‫)‪(Mosby Inc.) (2001‬‬ ‫)‪(Seventh Edition‬‬ ‫‪1307‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪(Theodore E. Keats M.D.‬‬ ‫)ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻴﻨﻴﺎ ‪ , Mark W. Anderson M.d.‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻴﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪ 700,000 :‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ Over diagnosis‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺳـﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﺳﻴﻨﻮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﺳﻴﻨﻮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ ﺫﻳـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١١‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺷﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٨‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٥‬ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻗﻔﺴﺔ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١‬ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٢‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻟﮕﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٩‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻗﻔﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٦‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٣‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٠‬ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٧‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٣‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٤‬ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪ ﻟﮕﻨﻲ‬

‫‪Magnetic Resonance Angiography‬‬ ‫)‪(Springer) (2003‬‬ ‫‪478‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪ 500,000 :‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ , Guy Marchal, PhD, M.D.‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺕ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ‪(Ingolf P. Arlart, Phd, M.D.‬‬ ‫)ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Leuven‬ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﻲﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ )‪ (MRA‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ‪ MRA‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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‫‪ -١٧‬ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ‬ ‫‪ -٩‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻫﻤﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ -١٨‬ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٠‬ﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ )‪(MRA‬‬
‫‪ -١٩‬ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١١‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺳﺨﺖﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ )‪ (NMR‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ -٢٠‬ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٢‬ﺁﺭﺗﻴﻔﻜﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ‪ K‬ﻭ ‪Resolution‬‬
‫‪ -٢١‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺭﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﭙﻠﻨﻮﭘﻮﺭﺗﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ -١٣‬ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Acquistion‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -٢٢‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﺔ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ )‪ (Guide‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‬ ‫‪ -١٤‬ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺗﺒﺮﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Acquistion‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Implant -٢٣‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺗﻴﻔﻜﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٥‬ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫‪ Resolution -٧‬ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ Resolution‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ MRA‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ -١٦‬ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺩﺭ ‪MRA‬‬

‫)‪CT and MR Imaging of the Whole Body (Mosby) (2003‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪] 2272 :‬ﺩﻭﺟﻠﺪﻱ[ (‬
‫ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺩﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Cleveland‬ﺍﻭﻫﺎﻳﻮ )‪(John R. Haaga, MD , FACR‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Cleveland‬ﺍﻭﻫﺎﻳﻮ )‪(Charles F. Lanzieri, MD, FACR‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ Thoracic , Head‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Case Western Reserve‬ﺷﻬﺮ ‪ Cleveland‬ﺍﻭﻫﺎﻳﻮ )‪(Robert C. Gilkeson, MD‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪ 1000,000 :‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ‪ MRI ,CT Scan‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Imaging‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻳـﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻴﭙﻴـﻚ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ‪ MRI, CT Scan‬ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻨﮋﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ -‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ‪MRI, CT Scan‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٤‬ﺍﻭﺭﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٤‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ‪ MRI, CT Scan‬ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪CT Scan‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪-١‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٥‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٥‬ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ‪MRI‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٦‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﻧﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٦‬ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٣‬ﺁﻧﮋﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٧‬ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺩﻧﻮﭘﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٧‬ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬ ‫)‪ :(MRI‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٨‬ﺣﻨﺠﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٨‬ﻣﺎﻟﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻮﺭﻳﺴﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٩‬ﻧﺎﺯﻭﻓﺎﺭﻧﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﻓﺎﺭﻧﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٩‬ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢٠‬ﻏﺪﺩ ﺗﻴﺮﻭﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺮﻭﺋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٠‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺩﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢١‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -١١‬ﻣﻐﺰ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٢‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻨﮋﻳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٣‬ﻟﻮﻛﻮﺍﻧﺴﻔﺎﻟﻮﭘﺎﺗﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﻴﻠﻴﻨﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﻔﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٣٠‬ﺟﻨﺐ )ﭘﻠﻮﺭ( ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﺴﺔ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢٩‬ﻣﺪﻳﺎﺳﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢٨‬ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺭﻳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢٧‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻧﺸﻴﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ MRI -٣٣‬ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ CT Scan -٣٢‬ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻳﻜﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ MRI, CT Scan -٣١‬ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﺳﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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:‫ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬٤ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﮔﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ‬-‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻟﮕﻦ‬-‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬:‫ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ‬MRI, CT Scan -٥١ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﺎﻝ‬-٤٦ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺵ‬-٣٤ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬-٥٢ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﻣﭻ ﭘﺎ‬MRI, CT Scan -٤٧ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﺒﺪ‬-٣٥ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬-٥٣ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﺯﺍﻧﻮ‬-٤٨ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬،‫ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‬:‫ ﻛﺒﺪ‬-٣٦ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺒﺪﻱ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﻭﻱ‬-٥٤ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ (Hip) ‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺭﺍﻥ‬-٤٩ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺻﻔﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﻭﻱ‬-٣٧ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻃﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬-٥٥ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ‬-٥٠ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﭘﺎﻧﻜﺮﺍﺱ‬-٣٨ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﻧﻜﺮﺍﺱ‬-٥٦ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﻃﺤﺎﻝ‬-٣٩ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻏﺪﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‬-٥٧ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﻏﺪﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‬-٤٠ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺮﺓ ﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻧﺘﺮ‬،‫ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺵ‬-٥٨ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬-٤١ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﮕﻦ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ‬-٥٩ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ ﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻧﺘﺮ‬-٤٢ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ‬-٦٠ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ (‫ ﺭﺗﺮﻭﭘﺮﻳﺘﻮﺋﻦ )ﺧﻠﻒ ﺻﻔﺎﻕ‬-٤٣ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﮕﻦ‬CT Scan -٤٤ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﮕﻦ‬MRI -٤٥ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

Looking for the number key to the diagrams? Just fold out this page…
A didactically brilliant and unprecedented approach to understanding CT imaging

(Matthias Hofer, MD) Institute fo Diagnostic Radiology, MNR Clinic, Duesseldorf, Germany
Ideal for radiology residents, students and technicians, this concise manual is the perfect introduction to the practice and interpretation of computed
tomography.
Designed as a systematic learning tool, it introduces the use of CT scanners for all organs. Finally, self-assessment quizzes –including answers-ath the
end of each chapter help the reader monitor progress and evaluate knowledge gained.
Special Feature
Includes detachable, pocket-sized cards containing checklists and tables of normal
measurements –perfect for study or quick reference when on rounds.
Contents: -Technical Aspects -Basic Rules of CT Reading -Preparing the patient
-Administration of Contrast Media -Atlas of Normal and Common Pathological Findings in:the Cranium, Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, Retroperitoneum, Bones, and Lower
Extremity -Interventional CT -CT-Angiography -Dose reduction -New protocols for 1-, 4-, and 16-row multislice scanners

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫‪84‬‬
‫‪MRI and CT Scan of Head and Spine‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪ 500,000 :‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬

‫)‪(Williams & Wilkins‬‬ ‫)ﻓﻮﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺪﻭﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪(C. Barrie Grossman, M.D. Indiana‬‬ ‫‪( 810 :‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪ CT Scan‬ﻭ ‪ MRI‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٨‬ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٤‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪ CT Scan‬ﻭ ‪MRI‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪ CT Scan‬ﻭ ‪MRI‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪-١‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٩‬ﻣﺎﻟﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٥‬ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٢‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ‪CT Scan‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٠‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺩﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻴﻮ ﻭ ﺁﺗﺮﻭﻓﻴﻚ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٦‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٣‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ‪MRI‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -٧‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻛﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ :‬ﻛﻒ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١١‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺯﻳﻦ )‪(Sella‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٥‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٢‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٦‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻴﻮ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٣‬ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻧﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻭﻓﺎﺭﻧﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٧‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ -١٤‬ﺍﻭﺭﺑﻴﺖ‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪HIGHLIGHTS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY INTERNATIONAL‬‬

‫‪WAVEFRONT ANALYSIS, ABERROMETERS and CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY‬‬

‫‪B. BYOD,‬‬ ‫‪A. AGARWAL‬‬ ‫)‪(2003‬‬ ‫‪1100,000R‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﭼــﻪ ﻫﻨــﻮﺯ ﻫــﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘــﺎﻁ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﻜــﺎﻥ ﻋﻤــﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣــﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺭﺍﻛــﺖ ﺣﺘــﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫــﺎﻱ ﻧﺴــﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻗــﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻧﻴــﺰ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷــﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺳــﻲﻫــﺎﻱ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺑــﻪ ﭘــﺎﺱ ﺧــﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﻤﻨﺪ ﺑــﺰﺭﮒ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﮔــﺎﻧﻲ ﻧــﺎﻡ ﻣــﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧــﺪ‬
‫)‪ (!!) (Morgagnian Cataract‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ‪ ٢٠/٢٠‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﺵ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ Wavefront Analysis‬ﺍﺯ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﺠﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻓﺮﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺮﺡﺷﺪﻥ ‪ ، Customized LASIK‬ﺍﻓﻖ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ "‪ "Super Vision‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺸـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺳـﻴﺮ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ‪ Text‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻻﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﮔﻼﺳﺔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﻮﺭ ﭼـﺎﭖ ﺁﺭﺍﺳـﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳـﺨﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺮﻭﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻋﻄﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ WAVEFRONT ANALYSIS, ABERROMETERS and CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ، Highlights Of Ophthalmology‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﺸـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ Wavefront Analysis, Orbscan, Topography‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪ Cataract Surgery, Customized LASIK, Standard LASIK‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﮊﺍﭘﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ‪ Benjamin F. Boyd, M.D., FACS‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
 85

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺮ‬ (‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ )ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬

1 Section 1: Update on General Medicine 2002-2003 215,000
BASIC AND CLINICAL SCIENCE COURSE
2 Section 2: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology 2002-2003 270,000
3 Section 3: Optics, Refraction, and Contact Lenses 2002-2003 215,000
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF

4 Section 4: Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors 2002-2003 210,000

OPHTHALMOLOGY

5 Section 5: Neuro-Ophthalmolog 2002-2003 230,000

6 Section 6: Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002-2003 250,000
7 Section 7: Orbit, Eyelids, and Lacrimal System 2002-2003 190,000
8 Section 8: External Disease and Cornea 2002-2003 280,000
9 Section 9: Intraocular Inflammation and Uveitis 2002-2003 185,000
10 Section 10: Glaucoma 2002-2003 160,000
11 Section 11: Lens and Cataract 2002-2003 180,000
12 Section 12: Retina and Vitreous 2002-2003 230,000
13 Section 13: International Ophthalmology 2002-2003 235,000
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺮ‬ (‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ )ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬
14 WAVEFRONT ANALYSIS, ABERROMETERS and CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY 2003 1100,000
15 OPHTHALMOLOGY MONOGRAPHS Cataract Surgery and Intraocular Lenses 2001 200,000
16 COSMETIC OCULOPLASTIC SURGERY Eyelid, Forehead, and Facial Techniques 1999 300,000
17 Glaucoma THE REQUISITES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2000 200,000
18 LASIK Principles and Techniques 1998 250,000
19 THE GLAUCOMAS 2000 180,000
20 THE WILLS EYE MANUAL Office and emergency Room Deagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease 1999 220,000
21 Complications in Phacoemulsification (Avoidance, Recognition, and Management) 2002 400,000
22 Retina and Optic Nerve Imaging (Thomas A. Ciulla, Carl D. Regillo, Alon Harris)

٠٩١٢١٣٧٢٣٦١-٦٩٣٦٦٩٦ :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ٢٣٩ ‫ ﭘﻼﻙ‬،‫ ﺑﻦﺑﺴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺰﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻟﺒﺎﻓﻲﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬:‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻲﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬: ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬