International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 5(4), ISSN: 2394-9333
www.ijtrd.com
Low Educational Quality, Reflected From Low
Average of Learning Achievement (Research Study
on UNBK and UNKP Result of Academic Year
2016/2017)
Antonius Gultom
Doctoral Program of University of Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar Medan, Sumatera Utara – Indonesia
Abstract: This study aims to determine the cause of the low adjusted to the development of situation and condition and
quality of education as reflected by the low achievement of current era towards the learners. As a result, many learners
learning which is proven by the results of UNBK and UNKP have not yet mastered the learning materials due to nonoptimal
TA. 2016 / 2017. The background of this research is the implementation of assessment needs even though they have
emergence of problems due to the less assessment approach been declared graduated from the school.
implemented by the educators in determining the
characteristics of the learning process. This research is In order to improve and develop the learning process,
descriptive research conducted with main purpose to describe the implementation of need assessment should be directed at
objectively the education quality and learning achievement. developing the ability of learners in managing learning
This research design is used to accurately solve or answer the competence that best suits their own condition. Thus, the
problems that are being faced in the present situation. With the learning process refers more to how the learners learn and no
type of Case Study, this study was conducted by examining the longer to what is being learned.
low quality of education as reflected by the low average
student achievement. This research resulted in the form of In accordance with the ideals of national education goals,
necessary assessment steps to be undertaken: 1) Information teachers need to have some teaching principles that refer to
gathering stage; 2) Gap identification stages; 3) Performance improving the internal ability of learners when designing or
analysis; 4) Identifying barriers and sources; 5) Identification planning strategies and implementing learning programs and
of student characteristics; 6) Identification of objectives; 7) activities. The improving of internal potential is for example
Determining the problem. This analysis is a constructive and by implementing need assessment in learning strategies that
positive tool for making changes which are based on rational enable learners to achieve full, intact and contextual
logic, the functional changes that can meet the needs of groups competence.
and individuals. This changes show a systematic formal effort The approach to need assessment is an effort in education that
to determine and bring closer the gap between "what is" and aims that learners can achieve mastery level to certain
"how it should be". competencies. Thus implementing need assessment as one of
Keywords: Quality of Education and Financing Economy. the main objectives in supporting the learning process means
that the existence of need assessment is something that must be
I. INTRODUCTION understood and implemented as well as possible by all of
Our current struggle for education is the poor quality school community, especially by the educators.
of education, reflected in the low average of learning The learning process is an important part in
achievement.In general, the results of the National education, in which the result of education is determined. The
Examination 2017 have decreased, in accordance with the better this process goes, the better the education results are and
Table 1 listed average of UNBK and UNKP year 2017 vice versa. However, the learning process in Indonesia often
declined from the previous year of 2016. Total average of all goes less than the maximum. This lack of maximization is due
UNBK and UNKP year 2016 = 58.61 whereas the year 2017 = to many things which one of them is the lack of planning in the
54.25. There is a total average decline as much as 4.36. learning process so that learning takes place not as it should
This is the totality of the average UNBK which decreased in be.
2016 = 64.66 while the year 2017 = 54.75. In this case there is To maximize the learning process to be able to get the
a decline of 9.91, and the average totality of UNKP which expected results hence of learning plan is required. Before
decreased in 2016 = 58.37 whereas the year 2017 = 54.01 making the learning plan, it is necessary to do the analysis of
which decrease as much as 4.36 which described into Table 2. the students’ needs. This is a necessary step to be done so that
This problem is due to the fact that our need the material/lessons received by students are really meaningful
assessment approach is not sufficiently implemented by to them.Due to the importance of this needs analysis, hence we
educators in determining the characteristics of learning process discuss about the needs analysis which is also know as need
on learners in developing holistic, creative, objective, and assessment.
logical thinking ability, for an individually complete learning. Problem Formulation
The learning process of our school system generally To avoid the confusion and to focus on the discussion, it is
has not yet carried out the efforts of need assessment which very important to formulate the problem first. The formulation
include: authority of material development, learning approach, of the problem in this paper is: "How to analyze the needs in
content arrangement, and socialization model which are planning, program and teaching and learning activities"?
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International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 5(4), ISSN: 2394-9333
www.ijtrd.com
Table 1.Result of UNBK and UNKP Academic Year 2016
Number of Subjects
Average
School Participants BIN ING MAT IPA
Total 54.771 4.157.035 70.75 57.17 50.24 56.26 58.61
UNBK 11.047 1.339.469 73.30 65.96 53.39 60.98 64.66
UNKP 43.724 2.817.566 70.45 56.83 50.12 56.08 58.37
Source : Web Kemdikbud (2017)
Table 2. Result of UNBK and UNKP Academic Year 2017
Number of Subjects
Average
School Participants BIN ING MAT IPA
Total 54.771 4.157.035 64.32 50.18 50.31 52.19 54.25
UNBK 11.047 1.339.469 70.20 49.08 47.75 51.97 54.75
UNKP 43.724 2.817.566 61.52 50.71 51.53 52.29 54.01
Source : Web Kemdikbud (2017)
II. SUPPORTING THEORIES Ebtanas SLTP A with SLTP B.
3) The perceived need, namely the desire of each learner that
A. Definitions
needs to be improved. This need shows the gap between
In the context of curriculum development, according the level of skill / reality that appears with the one that is
to [1] defines need assessment as: "the process by which one perceived. The best way to identify this need is by doing
defines educational needs and decides what their priorities interview.
are." In line with McNeil's opinion, [2] describe the notion of 4) The expressed need, namely the perceived need of a
need assessment: "it means a plan for gathering Information person which is capable of being expressed in action. For
about discrepancies and for using information to make example, a student who enrolls a course.
decisions about priorities". 5) Future needs, that is identifying the changes that will
Meanwhile, according to Anderson needs analysis is occur in the future. For example, the application of new
defined as a process of needs as well as determining priorities. learning techniques, etc.
Need Assessment is a method or method to know the 6) Urgent incidental needs, ie, negative factors that arise
difference between the desired condition (should be/ought to beyond a very influential notion. For example, nuclear
be) or expected with the existing condition (what is). The disaster, medical errors, natural disasters, etc.
desired conditions are often referred to as ideal conditions,
while existing conditions, often called real conditions. III. STEPS THAT NEED TO BE DONE
The better the education of a nation, the better the
There are several things that are attached to the notion
quality of the nation is. This is the general assumption to the
of need assessment. First; need assessment is a process, which
education program of a nation. In fact the education describes
means there is a series of activities in the implementation of
the activities of a group of people such as teachers and other
need assessment. Need assessment is not a result, but a certain
education personnel carrying out education for young people
activity in order to make a certain decisions. Second; the need
working with the people with interest. Then prescriptively, it is
itself is essentially a gap between hope and reality. Thus, the
to provide clues that education is the content, direction, choice
need assessment is an activity to gather information about the
set as a vehicle for future development of students which
gaps that each student should have with what has been owned
cannot be separated from the necessity of human control as
of [3].
educators [4].
B. Function
Glasgow describes the need assessment in the form of
The Need Assessment Method is designed to measure activities that start from the stage of gathering information to
the gaps that occur in student learning from what is expected formulating the problem, while Morrison describes the need
and what has been obtained. In measuring the gap of someone, assessment in the form of activities starting from the planning
an analysis must be able to know how big the problem faced of programs and activities to making a final report.
is.Some functions of Need Assessment according to Morisson
The need assessment steps that will be done are as follows
are as follows:
1) Information gathering stages; in this stage, planners must
1) Identifying needs that are relevant to the current job or
be able to understand and collect information from
task, ie. what issues affect the learning outcomes.
students. The scope of information collection can vary as
2) Identifying urgent needs related to financial, security or
student characteristics, personal abilities, and problematic
other problems that interfere with work or the educational
in learning.
environment.
2) Gap identification steps; identifying gaps using the
3) Presenting priorities for choosing action.
Organizational Element Model method which explains the
4) Providing data base to analyze the effectiveness of learning
existence of five interrelated elements. It starts from
There are six commonly used needs for planning and input-process-product-output-outcome.
performing needs analysis [4,5]. 3) Performance analysis; it is done after the planner has
understood the various information and identified the
1) Normative needs, comparing students with national gaps. In this case, when finding a gap, it is identified
standards, eg, UAN, SNMPTN, and so on. which one can be solved through learning planning and
2) Comparative needs, comparing learners to one group with which one requires other solutions.
other groups of the same level. For example, the result of 4) Identifying obstacles and sources; in this stage the
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International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 5(4), ISSN: 2394-9333
www.ijtrd.com
implementation of a program of various constraints can classroom management and media used to support the
arise so that it can affect the efficiency of a program. delivery.
Various constraints may include time, facilities, materials, 4) To be able to carry out the task of education the teacher
etc. The sources can also be from organizing, facilities, must understand about "tools" and "goals". By
and funding. understanding the purpose, it will be appropriate in
5) Identification of student characteristics; this stage is the choosing alternative tools to achieve it. To fail in
process of identifying students’ problems because the identifying "what" to achieve before determining "how"
main objective in the design of learning is to solve various to achieve it with the least risk possible, at the lowest cost
problems faced by students. possible, will mean also to fail to achieve optimum
6) Identification of objectives; this is one of the important success.
stages in the need assessment because identifying the CONCLUSIONS
objectives is the process of determining the needs that are
Need Assessment (an analysis on needs) is a way or method to
considered urgent to be solved in accordance with the
understand the difference between the desired condition
conditions. It is due to not all needs become the goals.
(which should be or ought to be) or expected with the existing
7) Determining the problem; this is the final stage in the
condition (what is). The Need Assessment Method is designed
analysis process, which is to write a statement as a guide
to measure the gaps that occur in student learning from what is
in the preparation of the instructional design process.
expected and what has been obtained. The steps of needs
This analysis is a constructive and positive tool for analysis is in the form of activities starting from planning until
making a change based on rational logic, a functional change making final reports.
that can meet the needs of groups and individuals. This change
The way to apply the needs analysis in teaching
shows a systematic formal effort to determine and bring the
learning is by requiring the teacher to focus on the
gap between "what is" and "how it should be".
achievement of the goals and then seeking the right material to
The activities or steps that we will suggest in achieve the purposes. After the objectives and materials are
preparing the lesson plans by including the elements of needs mastered then he only needs to apply the appropriate strategies
analysis that are attached among the selection of materials with and methods.
the selection of learning strategies are: What will be taught ?,
References
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