Enzyme INDUCER Enzyme INHIBITOR

“CROP GPS C” “MEDVICK GA”

Carbamazepine Metronidazole
Rifampicin Erythromycin
Omeprazole Disulfiram
Diphenhydramine
Diltiazem
Phenytoin Valproic Acid
Verapamil
Griseofulvin Isoniazid
Indinavir
Phenobarbital Cimetidine
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
St. John’s Wort Ketoconazole
Cigarette smoking Grapefruit Juice
Chronic Alcoholism
Acute Alcoholism

NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

Rifampicin Inhibition of RNA Treatment for
Rifabutin polymerase pulmonary &
extrapulmonary TB
Rifamycin
Treatment of
cutaneous
TB/Leprosy
First Gen
 Nalidixic Acid
 Ciroxacin
Second Gen
 Ciprofloxacin
 Ofloxacin Inhibition of
 Norfloxacin topoisomerase
 Enoxacin II (DNA Gyrase)
Quinolones/
 Lomefloxacin and
Fluoroquinolones
Third Gen topoisomerase
 Levofloxacin IV (separates the
 Spanfloxacin DNA strand)
 Gemifloxacin
 Gatifloxacin
 Moxifloxacin
Fourth Gen
 Trovafloxacin
 CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
 Penicillin
o Natural
 Pen G- Benzyl
 Pen V-
Phenoxymethyl
o Isoxazolyl Penicillin
o Extended Spectrum
o Aminopenicillin
 Amoxicillin
 Ampicillin
 Bacampicillin
- Inhibits cell wall
o Carboxypenicillin
Beta-Lactam synthesis by
 Carbenicillin
binding to PBP
 Ticarcillin
o Ureidopenicillins
 Piperacillin
 Azlocillin
 Mezlocillin
 Cephalosporins
 Carbapenems - widest spectrum among
the beta-lactams
 Monobactam - Only effective for aerobic
o Aztreonam and gram negative
organisms
 Vancomycin - Inhibits cell wall
synthesis by
binding to D-Ala-
D-Ala terminus of
the nascent chain
Glycopeptides  Teicoplanin
 Telavancin - alters membrane From Vancomycin
potential and
membrane
permeability
 Dalbavancin From Teicoplanin
- inhibits Alanine
Cycloserine racemase and D-
alanyl ligase
Polypeptide  Bacitracin Poor Oral BA
 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
Inhibitors of 30S
Tetracycline - inhibition of the - widest spectrum
binding of the among the antibiotics
aminoacyl tRNA to
the mRNA
Aminoglycoside Kanamycin - prevent the Ototoxicity
Amikacin formation of (KAN)
Neomycin the initiation
Streptomycin complex Vestibulotoxicity
Gentamicin - misreading of
Neomycin the mRNA Nephrotoxic
Gentamicin complex (NGT)
Tobramycin - Formation of
nonfunctional
polysomes
Inhibitors of 50S
Macrolides Erythromycin - blocks the Alternative for patients
peptide exit tunnel allergic to Beta-lactam
Clarithromycin  dissociation of Treatment of PUD
the peptidyl tRNA caused by H. pylori
from the ribosome Least associated with
adverse effects
Azithromycin Excellent distribution to
body tissues
Chloramphenicol Inhibition of Toxic dose >50
peptidyltransferase mg/kg/day
Lincomycin Sulfur-containing
antibiotic
Clindamycin DOC for anaerobic
Lincosamides infection ABOVE the
diaphragm
Alternative for
toxoplasmosis
Oxazolidenones Linezolid Inhibits the 23S of Treatment of
the 50S subunit VRSA/VRSE
Dalfopristin (A) Treatment of
Streptogrammins Quinupristin (B) VRSA/VRSE
Ratio 70(A):30(B)