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Internet of Things
Protocol & Data Trasfer
Bayu Erfianto
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Schedule
& Syllabus
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References
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Protocol
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Protocols
What is Protocol? A protocol is a set
of rules that govern how systems
communicate. For networking they
govern how data is transferred
from one system to another.
What is Protocol suite? A protocol
suite is a collection of protocols that
are designed to work together.
What is Protocol stack? Each level of
the stack performs a particular
function and communicates with the
levels above and below it.
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Protocols
HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) -This is the workhorse of the Web.
SMTP,POP3,IMap4 – These are email protocols
TCP (Transmission control protocol) is a connection orientated protocol and is
used to provides a reliable end to end connection.
UDP (used datagram protocol) is connection less protocol and doesn’t guarantee
delivery. See UDP vs TCP- what is the Difference?
Applications will choose which transmission protocol to use based on their function.
HTTP, POP3, IMAP4, SMTP and many more use TCP.
UDP is used more in utility applications like DNS, RIP (routing information protocol),
DHCP.
IP (Internet Protocol) – This is the main networking protocol. There are two version
of IP (IPv4 and IPV6).
ARP (address resolution Protocol) -Translates an IP address to a MAC or physical
address.(IP4 networks)
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IoT Protocol
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Typical IoT Architecture
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IoT Layer
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Mapping IoT Layer to Domain
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ITU-T IoT Reference Architecture
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IoT Protocol Stack
There are many protocols used in an IoT
ecosystem at different layers of an OSI Model
Usually, it is preferred to use low-powered
protocols like 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth BLE, ZigBee,
etc.
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General Comparison Stack: IoT & Web
in TCP/IP Suite
Application
Protocol
Transport
Protocol
Communication
Protocol
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Protocol Header and Message
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State of The Art of Protocol Layers
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IoT Protocol Stack
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IoT Protocol Standard
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Commuication Protocol
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Requirements of Communication
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Communication Protocols
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Communication Protocols
GPRS/2G/3G/4G cellular
LoRaWAN - Network protocol intended for wireless
battery operated Things in regional, national or
global network
LTE-MTC (LTE-Machine Type Communication) -
Standards-based family of technologies supports
several technology categories, such as Cat-1 and
CatM1, suitable for the IoT
NB-IoT (Narrow-Band IoT) A technology being
standardized by the 3GPP standards body
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6LoWPAN - "6LoWPAN is an acronym of IPv6 over
Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks. It is
an adaption layer for IPv6 over IEEE802.15.4
links. This protocol operates only in the 2.4 GHz
frequency range with 250 kbps transfer rate.
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard which specifies the
physical layer and media access control for low-
rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs).
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Bluetooth
Bluetooth works in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and
uses frequency hopping. With a data rate up to 3
Mbps and maximum range of 100m. Each
application type which can use Bluetooth has its
own profile.
ZigBee
The ZigBee protocol uses the 802.15.4 standard
and operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range with
250 kbps. The maximum number of nodes in the
network is 1024 with a range up to 200 meter.
ZigBee can use 128 bit AES encryption.
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WiMax
WiMax is based on the standard IEEE 802.16 and
is intended for wireless metropolitan area
networks. The range is different for fixed stations,
where it can go up to 50 km and mobile devices
with 5 to 15 km. WiMAx operates at frequencies
between 2.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz with a transferrate of
40 Mbps.
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Communication Protocols Summary
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Application Protocol
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IoT Messaging Pattern
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IoT Application Protocol
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Application Protocol Comparison
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IoT Application Protocol Stack
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MQTT
MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M) protocol. It
is a publish-subscribe-based messaging protocol,
used to communicate device data to the servers.
The main purpose of MQTT is to manage IoT
devices remotely. It is mainly used when a huge
network of small devices needs to be monitored
or managed via Internet i.e. parking sensors,
underwater lines, energy grid, etc.
The MQTT messages are sent asynchronously
through publish-subscribe architecture. The
messages are encapsulated in several defined
control packets, which are designed to minimize
the network footprint.
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MQTT
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MQTT
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MQTT
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MQTT
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MQTT State Machine
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MQTT QoS
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CoAP
CoAP is network-oriented protocol, using similar
features to HTTP but also allows for low overhead,
multicast, etc.
As HTTP protocol is a long-term successful
standard, it can use small script to integrate
various resources and services. Interoperation
provided by HTTP is the key point of IoT, for this,
HTTP is employed in application level.
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CoAP
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CoAP Security
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CoAP Application
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Example: using Thingspeak
Arduino
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MQTT to Thingspeak
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MQTT to Thingspeak
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MQTT to Thingspeak
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MQTT to Thingspeak
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MQTT to Thingspeak
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Dashboard
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THANK YOU
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