Nature of diseases the symptoms would be dissapearing
one at at time
organisms like bacteria and virus are
lenth of recovery depends on
all over the environment
severity of infection and state of
caused by tiny microorganisms :
health, can take days or months
PATHOGENS
pathogen, disease causing organism
includes bacteria, virus, parasite, DECLINE
worm, protozoa, fungi that lives in
the reservoir (can be living or non- signs & symptoms of a sick person
living object) slowly goes down
stages of infection common communicable diseases
INCUBATION caused by direct and indirect spread
of pathogen from one person to
first stage
another that cause an infection
starting from the entrance of a
carriers: people, animals, food,
pathogen until the appearance of a
surfaces, air, exchange of fluids and
first sign
contact with contaminated fluids
any contact of pathogen with host
chicken pox (2-3 weeks) ; common ACUTE RESPIRATORY DIS
cold (1-2 days) ; influenza (1-3 days) ; EASES
mumps (15-18 days) affects both upper and lower
PRODROMAL STAGE respiratory system
symptoms : congestion, either in the
Non-specific symptoms starts to nasal sinuses or lungs, runny nose,
show cough, sore throat, body aches,
such as colds sore throats and fever fatigue
ILLNESS STAGE causes: common colds, bronchitis,
pneumonia
more specific signs and symptoms can be diagnosed if there is an
appear inflammation
CONVALENCE causes repsiratory failures, even heart
failures
an interval
road to recovery PNEUMONIA
an infection in one or both lungs inflammation of lining of bronchial
bacterial pneumonia is most tubes (carry air to and from lungs)
common in adults victims often cough up thick mucus
causes: inflammation in air sacs in (sometimes discoloured)
lungs (alveoli)- filled with pus and acute bronchits: common, develops
liquid making it harder to breathe from colds
chronic bronchitis: more serious,
Incubation 1-3 days or a week constant inflammation, due to
period smoking
symptoms symptoms: mucus, fever,
sweating, shortness of Incubation 1-3 days
breath, chest pain, period
bacterial ( high fever, symptoms flu like symptoms, runny
rapid increase of nose, achings, chest
breathing & pulse rate, discomfort, shortness of
bluish color, lack of breath
oxygen in blood, Mode of Person to person by
delirious, viral (influenza transmission droplets or direct contact
symptoms, cough exclusion Non-contagious for some
worsens, high fever, cases
breathlessness, blueness Control -avoid smoking
of lips measures -avoid lung irritants (air
Mode of -viral/bacterial:Through pollution)
transmission sneezing or coughing -avoid inhaling strong
-fungal: caused by fumes
germs -wash your hands
exclusion No longer contagious treatment -rest
for some cases -fluid intake, stay hydrated
Control -vaccines -cough suppressants &
measurement -flu shot pain relievers
-washing your hands
treatment -antibiotics, antiviral &
antifungal drugs INFLUENZA
-otc medicines (to relieve
pain and to help remove fluid seasonal flu
from lungs) viral infection that attacks the
-cough medicine
respiratory system
causes: diarrhea & vomiting
BRONCHITIS
Incubation 1-3 days health and severity of
period the TB when
symptoms cough, fever, aches, diagnosed, those who
runny nose, sore have latent (not fully
throat developed) TB can’t infect
Mode of Person to person by others
transmission droplets or direct exclusion Yes, until treatment is
contact started in cleared
Period of can be transmitted to Control -identify people with
communicability another host after 23 measures active TB
hours -cough etiquette
exclsuion If there’s no fever for -vaccine (but does little to
24 hours prevent)
Control -vaccine preventable treatment - 6 month course of 4
measures -respiratory etiquette antimicrobial drugs
-handwashing that would be
treatment -rest & fluid intake supervised by health
worker or trained volunteer
-prescribed antiviral
medication
DENGUE
TubercolosIs mosquito-borne disease
occurs in tropical & subtropical
aka TB, a serious infectious disease
places
that mainly affects your lungs
causes: high fever, rash, muscle &
Incubation 2-10 weeks after joint pain
period exposure with active severe form: dengue hemorrhagic
TB fever- can cause severe bleeding,
symptoms fever, weight loss,
sudden drop in bp & death
malaise, cough, night
sweats, some doesn’t Incubation 2-10 weeks after
have any syptoms period exposure
Mode of -AIRBORNE (carried symptoms sudden high fever,
transmission through the air) severe headaches,
- when someone: joint & muscle pain,
coughs, speaking, vomiting, skin rash,
singing mild bleeding
Period of person’s response to Mode of By mosquitoes
communicabilty the medicine will transmission
depend on the generel Period of if the mosquito bites
communicabilty a person who is antibodies
infected, infects other symptoms may not have
people since it is symptoms, flu like
already infectious, not symptoms for 2-4
spread from person to weeks, symptoms in
person
later stages are
exclusion Not excluded
variable
Control -stay away from
Mode of -person to person thru
measures populated areas
transmission sexual contact
-use mosquito
-exposure to HIV-
repellants &
infected blood/body
mosquito nets
fluids (dirty needles)
-wear long clothes
Period of
-get rid of places
communicabilty
where mosquitoes
exclusion No, unlessmmeets
could breed (still
other exclusion
water)
criteria, bleeding
Treatment -no specific medicine
conditions
to cure
Control -responsible sexual
-pain relievers
measures behaviour (abstinence)
-rest, drink fluids &
-avoid blood exposure
see your doctor
treatment - treated by ART
(antiretroviral therapy), can’t
HIV cure but can help
people to live longer
human immunodeficiency virus and healthier
attacks immune system
destroys a type of white blood cell (T
AIDS
helper cell/CD4 cells- makes copies
of itself inside this) auto immune deficiency syndrome (
persons not receiving treatment ast stage of HIV)
would have a harder time to fight at this stage, the person has a
infections and diseases severely damaged immune system
gradually breaks down a person’s person is more susceptible to
immune system opportunistic- normal infections that
the body would fight off but is
Incubation variable (always changing)
harmful to people who have HIV
period 1-3 months until
detection of
symptoms colds, flu, fungal
infectioms, nausea,
vomiting, Chain of infection
diarhea,chronic fatigue,
Pathogen is a disease causing organism
rapid weight loss, cough,
shortness of breath, which includes bacteria, virus, worm
recuriing fever, chills, protozoa, fungi and lives in the reservoir
night sweats, rashes, which can be a living or non-living
prolonged swelling of object. In order to be transmitted the
lymph nodes pathogen leaves the reservoir through
treatment no treatment for AIDS
the portal of exit. Examples include the
but medication can help
mouth, nose, anus, and other special
the body in fighting HIV
and its complications body openings. The pathogen is then
passed through a direct/indirect mode
of transmission from one host to the
levels of prevention next host. It is transmitted through a
PRIMARY LEVEL living vector like a mosquito or flea.
Some diseases like malaria have
to prevent
complicated life cycles involving more
IMMUNIZATION, eating a
than one species. Some are transmitted
balanced diet, emough sleep,
by respiratory droplets while others are
avoiding vices (bad habits)
through blood contact, semen or other
SECONDARY LEVEL secretions. Hand to mouth mode for
gastrointestinal pathogens. The
to prevent further damage
organism enters the body through the
when disease has already started
portal of entry such as the nose, skin, or
getting medical consultation and
mouth. The portal of entry determines
treatment, SCREENING TESTS
the type of personal protective
tertIary preventIon equipment (PPE) to use in order to keep
health care workers, family, and visitors
rehabilitating to prevent long
safe in the hospital. The susceptible (likely)
term complications
host is a person with low immunity to
follow-up and close
disease. This includes very old and the
MONITORING prescribed
immune supressed (due to genetics,
medications, THERAPY to help
transplant drugs, malnutrition or viral
restore functions
infection like HIV)
