1.

Cover Page:

The Project Planning Report

Smart Garbage Monitoring System using IOT

2. Institute Vision Mission:

3.
4. Department Vision Mission:
5. Certificate:
6. Acknowledgement:
The authors want to thank their friends in the following

i n s t i t u t i o n U n i v e r s i t y. I n p a r t i c u l a r , t h e y a r e g r a t e f u l t o S i r

. . . . . a n d S i r . . . . s u p p o r t a n d i n s p i r a t i o n . L a s t l y, w e c a n n e v e r

be too grateful to our loving parents for their blood,

s w e a t a n d t e a r s . W e w i l l a l w a ys r e m a i n i n d e b t o f w h a t o u r

p a r e n t s h a v e p r o v i d e d u s w i t h . T h e y h a v e a l w a ys e n c o u r a g e d

us to gain knowledge. It is because of them and their effort

w e h a v e r e a c h e d t h i s f a r a w a y. S o , w e d e d i c a t e o u r e f f o r t t o

our dear parents, our resp ectable supervisor, every other

single being that have assisted us practically and

i m p r a c t i c a l l y.
 7. Abstract:
The idea struck us when we observed that the garbage truck use to go

a r o u n d t h e t o w n t o c o l l e c t s o l i d w a s t e t w i c e a d a y. A l t h o u g h t h i s

s ys t e m w a s t h o r o u g h i t w a s v e r y i n e f f i c i e n t . F o r e x a m p l e l e t ' s s a y

street A is a busy street and we see that the garbage fills up really fast

w h e r e a s m a yb e s t r e e t B e v e n a f t e r t w o d a ys t h e b i n i s n ' t e v e n h a l f f u l l .

This example is something that actuall y happens thus it lead us to the

' ' E u r e k a ' ' m o m e n t ! W h a t o u r s ys t e m d o e s i s i t g i v e s a r e a l t i m e

indicator of the garbage level in a trashcan at any given time. Using

that data we can then optimize waste collection routes and ultimately

reduce fuel consumption. It allows trash collectors to plan their

d a i l y/ w e e k l y p i c k u p s c h e d u l e

N o w a d a ys c e r t a i n a c t i o n s a r e t a k e n t o i m p r o v e t h e l e v e l o f c l e a n l i n e s s i n

t h e c o u n t r y. P e o p l e a r e g e t t i n g m o r e a c t i v e i n d o i n g a l l t h e t h i n g s

possible to clean their surroundings. Various movements are also started

by the government to increase cleanliness.

S w a c h h B h a r a t A b h i ya n ( E n g l i s h : C l e a n I n d i a M i s s i o n a n d a b b r e v i a t e d a s
SBA or SBM for "Swachh Bharat Mission") is a national campaign by the

Government of India, cover ing 4k plus statutory cities and towns, to clean

t h e s t r e e t s , r o a d s a n d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e o f t h e c o u n t r y. T h e a i m o f t h e

mission is to cover all the rural and urban areas of the country to

present this country as an ideal country before the world. With the rapid

increase of Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as smartphones, sensors,

cameras. It is possible to collect massive amount of garbage. In the

metropolitan cities it is not possible to check each and every place where

the garbage dump yard is full or not.

W e w i l l t r y t o b u i l d a s ys t e m w h i c h w i l l n o t i f y t h e c o r p o r a t i o n s t o e m p t y

t h e b i n o n t i m e . I n t h i s s ys t e m , w e w i l l p u t a s e n s o r o n t o p o f t h e g a r b a g e

bin which will detect the total level of garbage inside it according to the

total size of the bin.

When the garbage will reach the maximum level, a notification will be

s e n t t o a l l s t a k e h o l d e r s i n t h e c o r p o r a t i o n ' s o f f i c e , t h e n t h e e m p l o ye e s

c a n t a k e f u r t h e r a c t i o n s t o e m p t y t h e b i n . T h i s s ys t e m w i l l h e l p i n

c l e a n i n g t h e c i t y i n a b e t t e r w a y. B y u s i n g t h i s s ys t e m p e o p l e d o n o t h a v e

t o c h e c k a l l t h e s ys t e m s m a n u a l l y b u t t h e y w i l l g e t a n o t i f i c a t i o n w h e n

the bin will get filled.

The main aim of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts

along with the enhancement of a smart city vision

8. Table of Contents:

Sr No. Content
1 Cover Page

2 Institute Vision Mission

3 Department Vision Mission

4 9. Certificate:

6 Acknowledgement

7 10.Abstract:

8 1 . Introduction

Literature Survey

11

Requirement Analysis

12

Hardware Requirement
13

Software Requirement

14 Description:

15 4. Methodology used in the Project

16 Conclusion

17 . Reference
11.Chapters:

1. Introduction

I o T o r I n t e r n e t T h i n g s r e f e r s t o t h e n e t w o r k o f c o n n e c t e d p h ys i c a l

objects that can communicate and exchange data among themselves

without the desideratum of any human intervention. It has been

f o r m a l l y d e f i n e d a s a n “ I n f r a s t r u c t u r e o f I n f o r m a t i o n S o c i e t y”

because IoT sanctions us to amass information from all kind of

m e d i u m s s u c h a s h u m a n s , a n i m a l s , c o n v e ya n c e s , k i t c h e n a p p l i a n c e s .

T h u s , a n y o b j e c t i n t h e p h ys i c a l w o r l d w h i c h c a n b e p r o v i d e d w i t h

an IP address to enable data transmission over a network can be

made part of IoT system b y embedding them with electronic

hardware such as sensors, software and networking gear. IoT is

different than Internet as in a way it t ranscends Internet

c o n n e c t i v i t y b y e n a b l i n g e v e r yd a y o b j e c t s t h a t u t i l i z e s e m b e d d e d

circuits to interact and communicate with each other utilizing the

current Internet infrastructure

 Since then the scope of IoT has grown tremendously as cur rently it

consists of more than 12 billion connected devices and according to

the experts it wil l increase to 50 billion by the end of 2020. With

the advent of IoT both manufacturers and consumers have benefited.

Manufacturers have gained insight into how their products are used

and how they perform out in the real world and increase their

revenues by provi ding value added services which enhances and

elongates the lifecycle of their products or s ervices. Consumers on

the other hand have the ability to integrate and control more than

one devices for a more customized and improved user experience.

I n t h i s p a p e r , w e a r e g o i n g t o p r o p o s e a s ys t e m f o r t h e i m m e d i a t e

cleaning of the dustbins.

As dustbin is considered as a basic need to maintain the level of

c l e a n l i n e s s i n t h e c i t y, s o i t i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t t o c l e a n a l l t h e

dustbins as soon as they get filled. We wil l use ultrasonic

s e n s o r s f o r t h i s s ys t e m . T h e s e n s o r w i l l b e p l a c e d o n t o p o f b i n

which will help in sending the information to the office that the

level of garbage has reached its maximum level. After this

the bin should be emptied as soon as possible. T he concept of IoT

when used in this field will result in a better environment for the

people to live in. No more unsanitary conditions will be

f o r m e d i n t h e c i t y. W i t h t h e h e l p o f t h i s s ys t e m m i n i m a l n u m b e r o f

smart bins can be used around the whole city a nd the city will still

be much cleaner.

There has been an unprecedented growth in the number of devices

b e i n g c o n n e c t e d t o t h e I n t e r n e t s i n c e p a s t f e w ye a r s . A l l t h e s e

devices connected to the internet are part of the IoT

infrastructure which can communicate with each other. The IoT

network consists of embedded electronics, sensors and software that

allows these devices to send and receive data among each other.

This is why it is beneficial to use such an existing infrastructure for

d e s i g n i n g t h e p r o p o s e d s e c u r i t y s ys t e m . T h e d i s a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e

e x i s t i n g s ys t e m a r e t h a t t h e e m p l o ye e s h a v e t o g o a n d c h e c k t h e b i n s

daily whether they are fi lled or not, it results in high cost. If the

bin doesn’t get emptied on time then the env ironment becomes

u n h y g i e n i c a n d i l l n e s s c o u l d b e s p r e a d . T h e p r o p o s e d s ys t e m w i l l

help in removing all these disadvantages.

The real-time information can be gained regarding the level of t he

d u s t b i n f i l l e d o n t h e s ys t e m i t s e l f . I t w i l l a l s o h e l p i n r e d u c i n g t h e

c o s t a s t h e e m p l o ye e s w i l l h a v e t o g o o n l y a t t h a t t i m e w h e n t h e b i n

is full. This will also help in resource optim ization and if the bins

will be emptied at time then the environment will remain safe and
 free from all kinds of diseases. The cities will become more cleaner

and the smells of the garbage will be much less.

2.Literature Survey :

A Smart Dustbin proposed b y [1], based on IoT in whi ch the smart

bin was built on a platform which was based on A rduino Uno board

which was interfaced with a GSM modem and an ultrasonic sensor.

The sensor was placed on the top of the bin. A threshold level was

set as 10cm. As the garbage reaches the level of thresho ld, the

sensor triggers the GSM modem which alerts the associated

authority till the garbage in the bin is emptied. At the end

a c o n c l u s i o n w a s m a d e t h a t v a r i o u s i s s u e s l i k e a f f o r d a b i l i t y,

maintenance and durability were addressed when these smart bins

w e r e d e s i g n e d . I t a l s o c o n t r i b u t e d t o w a r d s a h yg i e n i c a n d

clean environment in the process of building a smart city.

The researchers [2] suggests the method for garbage management

w h i c h i s a s f o l l o w s . T h e b i n w a s i n t e r f a c e d w i t h a s ys t e m b a s e d o n

m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r w h i c h h a d I R w i r e l e s s s ys t e m s w i t h a c e n t r a l s ys t e m
that showed the current status of the garbage in the bin. The status

was seen on a mobile based web browser with a html page by using

Wi-Fi. To reduce the cost, they only used weight based sensors and

on the sender's side they only used a Wi -Fi module to send and

receive th e data. In the end the sensor could onl y detect the weight

of waste present in the bin but not the level of waste.

The author proposed a method for organizing the c ollection of the

garbage in the commercial and residential areas of the cities [3]. In

t h i s s ys t e m , t h e l e v e l o f g a r b a g e i n t h e b i n w a s d e t e c t e d b y t h e

ultrasonic sensor which will send the data to the control room using

the GSM module. A GUI was also developed to check the

information that was related to the garbage for different locations,

GUI was based on MATLAB so it was different. Two units were

p r e s e n t i n t h e s ys t e m , s l a v e u n i t w a s i n t h e b i n w h e r e a s t h e m a s t e r

unit was there in the control room. The sensor will check the level

of garbage and send it to the slave unit which will further send the

data to master unit which at last will info rm the authorities to clean

the bin.

T h i s p a p e r p r o p o s e d D e c i s i o n S u p p o r t S ys t e m w h i c h w o u l d b e u s e d

f o r g a r b a g e c o l l e c t i o n i n t h e c i t i e s [ 4 ] . T h i s s ys t e m h a n d l e d t h e

i n e f f e c t i v e w a s t e c o l l e c t i o n i n t h e i n a c c e s s i b l e a r e a s o f t h e c i t y.

The cameras were placed in those parts of the ci ties which were
f a c i n g t h e m o s t p r o b l e m s . T h e s ys t e m w o r k e d i n t w o p a r t s , t h e f i r s t

part was to find the companies that were involved in collecting the

waste and owned trucks and who could also organize some drivers

for collecting the garbage from various parts of the city in the truck

and pass on the city dumps or the recycling organizations. The

s e c o n d p a r t w a s t o m a k e a s ys t e m w h i c h c o u l d h a n d l e a l l t h e

communications of all the people involved and could also maintain

t h e d a t a w h i c h w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d w h i l e w o r k i n g a r o u n d i n t h e c i t y.

Various bins were placed around the city which were p rovided with

an embedded device which was low in price and helped in tracking

the garbage level in the bins [5]. A different ID was provided to

each bin so that it could be easier to detect that which is bin is full

and ready to be emptied. The project is divided into two sections

one being the transmitter section and other the receiver section. The

transmitter section consists of a microcontroller and sensors

which check the level of the garbage and the data is passed o nto the

s ys t e m w i t h t h e h e l p o f t h e R F T r a n s m i t t e r , t h e n R F R e c e i v e r

receives the data and sends it to the client associated so that the bin

c a n b e e m p t i e d q u i c k l y. A n i t h a e t a l ( 2 0 1 6 ) p r o p o s e d a n h o m e

a u t o m a t i o n s ys t e m u s i n g I O T u s e s r a s p b e r r y f o r t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

[ 6 ] . A l s o p r o p o s e d a m o d e l f o r c yb e r s e c u r i t y s ys t e m s u s i n g

a r t i f i c i a l s ys t e m t o h a v e s e c u r e d t r a n s a c t i o n s [ 7 ] .
 2 . Requirement Analysis:

By considering survey based on garbage collection process we

p r o p o s e , a s ys t e m w h i c h w i l l c o n t a i n d a s h b o a r d a s w e l l a s a n

android application for garbage status and also provide an optimal

route to the driver for collecting the garbage. The dashboard will be

monitored by an administrator with information status of garbage

bin like its level of garbage, the temperature of the bin.

The driver of garbage collection truck also have an android

application, by using that application driver is able to know curre nt

location and status of the garbage bin. Then as per provided the

optimal

route by

application

driver will

collect the

garbage
 f r o m t h e b i n w h i c h w i l l f i r s t g e t f i l l e d . T h i s s ys t e m w i l l o v e r c o m e

t h e p r o b l e m r e g a r d i n g c u r r e n t s ys t e m .

Hardware Requirement:

1. Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor

2. Arduino Uno IOT Kit
3. ESP 8266 WIFI board
4. Desktop Machine as a Central Server
5. Android Smartphone as a Mobile client

Software Requirement:

1. Arduino Software(IDE)
2. PostGreSql Database
3. R a b b i t M q M e s s a g i n g S ys t e m
4. Android Software(IDE)
Description:

Arduino: The digital and analog input/output pins equipped in this

board can be interfaced to various expansion boards and other circuits.

Serial communication interface is a feature in this board, including

USB which will be used to load the programs from computer.

ESP2866:ESP8266 Wifi module is generally used to establish the

wireless communication between the devices.But this module is not

capable of 5-3v logic shifting and will require an external logic

converter.

BreadBoard:A Breadboard is used in learning of electronic used in

connecting the components, testing it and pieces of bread well as the

point holes in the lines to be used

Ultrasonic Sensor:
Ultrasonic sensor HC -SR04 is used to measure distance in range of

2cm-400cm with accuracy of 3mm. The sensor module consists of

ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and the control circuit.

The ultrasonic sensor module works on the natural phenomenon of

ECHO of sound. A pulse is sent for about 10us to trigger the module.

A f t e r w h i c h t h e m o d u l e a u t o m a t i c a l l y s e n d s 8 c yc l e s o f 4 0 K H z

ultrasound signal and checks its echo. The signal after striking with an

obstacle returns back and is captured by the receive r. Thus the distance

of the obstacle from the sensor is simply calculated by the formula

given as

Distance= (time x speed)/2.

Here we have divided the product of speed and time by 2 because the

time is the total time it took to reach the obs tacle and return back.

Thus the time to reach obstacle is just half the total time taken.
4. Methodology used in the Project :

T h e s ys t e m c o n s i s t s o f F i v e m a j o r u n i t s .

1. Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor

2. Arduino UNO

3. ESP8266 WIFI Module

4. Data Server

5. Android App

Working of this project is very simple we have used Ultrasonic sensor

module which sends the sound waves in the dust bin and detects

reflection of sound waves that is ECHO. First of all we needs to trigger

the ultrasonic sensor module to tr ansmit signal by using Arduino and

then wait to receive ECHO. Arduino reads the time between triggering

and received ECHO. We know that speed of sound is around 340 m/s.

so we can calculate distance by using given formula:

Distance= (travel time/2) * s peed of sound

Where speed of sound is approximately 340m per second.

By using this methods we gets distance from sensor to garbage material

After it we need to calculate garbage level fill in the dustbin. Now we

need to calculate the total length of dust bin. As we know the length

of dust bin then we can calculate garbage level by subtracting

resulting distance coming from ultrasonic sensor from total length of

dust bin. And we will get garbage level distance. Now we can convert

this garbage level in to the percent of garbage filled, and can display it

on SmartPhone.

Proposed Applications:

1. Waste Level detection inside the garbage bins. Transmission of the

information wirelessly to all concerned officials .

2 . S ys t e m c a n b e a c c e s s e d a n yt i m e a n d f r o m a n yw h e r e

3. Real-time data transmission and access

4. Avoids the overflows of garbage bins.

5. This project can only be used by municipal authorities or other

private firms to tackle the current problem of urban waste

collection.

6.Improves Enviro nment quality-Fewer smells -Cleaner cities

7 . T h i s s ys t e m h a s n o i n d i v i d u a l u s e , b u t c a n b e u s e d b y a c i t y, s t a t e o r

a c o u n t r y.

8 . U s i n g t h i s s ys t e m , w a s t e c o l l e c t i o n w o u l d b e c o m e e f f i c i e n t a n d a l s o

reduction in transportation costs can be witnessed.

System Flow Diagram:

Prototype Sample
The implementation starts by setup ESP8266 by flashing the latest

version of the firmware.

To flash the latest firmware, download the ESP8266 flasher tool and

the latest firmware from the internet which would be in the bin format

and flash the ESP8266 with it. Once the ESP8266 flashing done, other

components can be added to the configuration. we need a breadboard to

connect the microcontroller, ultra sonic senso r, buzzer and the

ESP8266 using the jumper wires. The breadboard is used to interface

between the various components available. It also makes it eas y to

connect multiple inputs to a single pin on the arduino board. The

connection of hardware parts are shown in above figure.

The below figure shows how th e components are supposed to be

connected together using the breadboard and the jumper wires.
Fig : Android App Shows status of Dust Bin

5. Conclusion:

The main objective is to maintain the level of cleanliness in the city

and form an environment which is better for living. By using this

s ys t e m w e c a n c o n s t a n t l y c h e c k t h e l e v e l o f t h e g a r b a g e i n t h e d u s t b i n s

w h i c h a r e p l a c e d i n v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h e c i t y. I f a p a r t i c u l a r d u s t b i n h a s
r e a c h e d t h e m a x i m u m l e v e l t h e n t h e e m p l o ye e s c a n b e i n f o r m e d a n d

they can immediately take certain actions to empty it as soon as

p o s s i b l e . T h e e m p l o ye e s c a n c h e c k t h e s t a t u s o f t h e s e b i n s a n yt i m e o n

t h e i r m o b i l e p h o n e s . T h i s c a n p r o v e t o b e a v e r y u s e f u l s ys t e m i f u s e d

p r o p e r l y.

T h e s ys t e m c a n b e u s e d a s a b e n c h m a r k b y t h e p e o p l e w h o a r e w i l l i n g

to take one step further for increasing the cleanliness in their respected

a r e a s . U l t r a s o n i c s e n s o r i s b e i n g u s e d i n t h i s s ys t e m t o c h e c k t h e l e v e l

o f g a r b a g e i n t h e d u s t b i n s b u t i n f u t u r e v a r i o u s o t h e r t yp e s o f

sensors can be used with the ultrasonic sensor to get more precise

o u t p u t a n d t o t a k e t h i s s ys t e m t o a n o t h e r l e v e l . N o w t h i s s ys t e m c a n b e

used in certain areas but as soon as it proves its credibility it can be

u s e d i n a l l t h e b i g a r e a s . A s t h i s s ys t e m a l s o r e d u c e s m a n u a l w o r k

c e r t a i n c h a n g e s c a n b e d o n e i n t h e s ys t e m t o t a k e i t t o a n o t h e r l e v e l

and make it more useful for the employees and people who are using it.

6. Reference:
[1] Monika K A, Rao N, Prapulla S B and Shobha G 2016 Smart

D u s t b i n - A n E f f i c i e n t G a r b a g e M o n i t o r i n g S ys t e m I n t e r n a t i o n a l

Journal of Engineering Science and Computing 6 7113-16

[2] Navghane S S, Killedar M S and Rohokale D V 2016 IoT Based

Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin International Journal of

Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication

Engineering (IJ ARECE) 5 1576 -78

[ 3 ] K a s l i w a l M a n a s i H a n d S u r ya w a n s h i S m i t h k u m a r B 2 0 1 6 A

Novel approach to Garbage Management Using Internet of Things

for smart cities International Journal of Current Trends in

Engineering & Research 2 348 -53.

[4] Medvedev A, Fedchenkov P, Zaslavsky A, Anagn ostopoulos T

and Khoruzhnikov S 2015 Waste manage ment as an IoT -enabled

service i n smart cities In Conference on Smart Spaces Springer

International Publishing 104 -15

[5] Schafer G 1994 U.S. Patent No. 5,326,939. Washington DC: U.S.

Patent and Trademark Office.

[6] Anitha A, Paul G and Kumari S 2016 A Cyber defence using

Artificial Intelligence International Journal of Pharmacy and

Technology 8 25352-57
[ 7 ] A n i t h a A , K a l r a S a n d S h r i v a s t a v 2 0 1 6 A C yb e r d e f e n s e u s i n g

a r t i f i c i a l h o m e a u t o m a t i o n s ys t e m u s i n g I o T I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l

of Pharmacy and Technology 825358-64