8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)

Search for Jobs...

EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT


THOUGHT
Management
« Previous Topics Next Topics »
Science
 Professionalisation Of  Social
TheoryResponsibilities
And Of
Management Business
Practice
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-of- university/principles-of-
Management Role
management-and-organisational- management-and-organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
behaviour-tutorial- behaviour-tutorial-366/social-
university/principles-
366/professionalisation-of- responsibilities-of-business-
of-management-
management-12678.html) 12689.html)
and-
 Is Management A Science Or organisational-
Study Of The Concept Of
An Art? behaviour-tutorial-
Social Responsibility
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
366/management-
university/principles-of- university/principles-of-
role-12673.html)
management-and-organisational- management-and-organisational-
De nition Of
behaviour-tutorial-366/is- behaviour-tutorial-366/study-of-
management-a-science-or-an-art- Management
the-concept-of-social-
12677.html) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
responsibility-12690.html)
university/principles-
 Scope Of Management of-management-
Arguments In Favour Of Social
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- Responsibility
and- Of Business
university/principles-of- (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
organisational-
management-and-organisational- university/principles-of-
behaviour-tutorial-
behaviour-tutorial-366/scope-of- management-and-organisational-
366/de nition-of-
management-12676.html) behaviour-tutorial-
management-
366/arguments-in-favour-of-
12674.html)
social-responsibility-of-business-
12691.html)
Characteristics Of
Management
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
Evolution of Management Concept
of-management-
The origin of Evolution management can
and-be traced
organisational-
back to the days when man started living in groups.
behaviour-tutorial-
History reveals that strong men organized the masses
366/characteristics-
into groups according to their intelligence, physical and
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 1/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

of-management-
mental capabilities. Evidence of the use of the well
☰ 12675.html)
recognized principles of management is to be found in
Scope Of
the organization of public life in ancient Greece, the
Management
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
organization of the Roman Catholic Church and the (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
organization of military forces. Thus management in
Search for Jobs... 
of-management-
some form or the other has been practiced in the
and-
various parts of the world since the dawn of civilization.
organisational-
With the on set of Industrial Revolution, however, the
behaviour-tutorial-
366/scope-of-
position underwent a radical change. The structure of
management-
industry became extremely complex. At this stage, the
12676.html)
development of a formal theory of management
Is Management A
became absolutely necessary. It was against
Science this
Or An Art?
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
background that the pioneers of modern management
university/principles-
thought laid the foundations of modern management
of-management-
theory and practice. and-
organisational-
Explain the Evolution of Management
behaviour-tutorial-
Thought 366/is-
management-a-
Evolution of management thought may be divided into
science-or-an-art-
four stages
12677.html)

Professionalisation
1. Pre-scienti c management period.
2. Classical Theory Of Management
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
a. Scienti c Management of Taylor
university/principles-
b. Administrative Management of
of-management-
Fayol and-
c. Bureaucratic Model of Maxorganisational-
Weber
behaviour-tutorial-
3. Neo-classical Theory or Behaviour
Approach 366/professionalisation-
of-management-
4. Modern Theory or Systems Approach
12678.html)
Evolution of Management Thought
Evolution of
Management
Thought

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 2/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Management
☰ And Society

Social
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) Responsibilities Of
Business
Search for Jobs... (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
Pre-scienti c Management Period 366/social-
responsibilities-of-
The advent of industrial revolution in the middle of the
business-
18th century had its impact on management. Industrial
12689.html)
revolution brought about a complete change
Study OfinThe
the

methods of production, tools and equipments,

Concept Of Social

organization of labour and methods ofResponsibility

raising capital.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Employees went to their work instead university/principles-
of receiving it,
of-management-
and so, the factory system, as it is known today,
and-
become a dominant feature of the economy. Under this
organisational-
system, land and buildings, hired labour, and capital are
behaviour-tutorial-
366/study-of-the-
made available to the entrepreneur, who strives to
concept-of-social-
combine these factors in the e cient achievement of a
responsibility-
particular goal. All these changes, in turn, brought
12690.html)
about changes in the eld of management. Traditional,
Arguments In
Favour Of Social
conventional or customary ideas of management were
Responsibility Of
slowly given up and management came to be based on
Business
scienti c principles. In the words of L.(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
F. Urwick-
university/principles-
"Modern management has thrown open a new branch
of-management-
of human knowledge, a fresh universe of discourse".
and-
During the period following the industrial revolution,
organisational-
certain pioneers tried to challenge thebehaviour-tutorial-
traditional
366/arguments-in-
favour-of-social-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 3/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

responsibility-of-
character of management by introducing new ideas and
☰ business-
character of management by introducing new ideas and
12691.html)
approaches. The notable contributors of this period are:
Arguments
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Against Social
a. Professor Charles Babbage (UK 1729
Responsibilityof
Search for Jobs... -1871): He was a Professor of 
Business
Mathematics at Cambridge University. Prof
Responsibility Of
Babbage found that manufacturers made
Government
little use of science and mathematics, and
that they (manufacturers) relied(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
upon
university/principles-
opinions instead of investigations and
accurate knowledge. He felt that of-management-
the
methods of science and mathematicsand-
could be applied to the solutionorganisational-
of methods
in the place of guess work for the solution
behaviour-tutorial-
of business problems. He advocated the
366/arguments-
use of accurate observations, against-social-
measurement and precise knowledge for
responsibilityof-
taking business decisions. He urged the
business-
management of an enterprise, on the basis
responsibility-of-
of accurate data obtained through rigid
government-
investigation, the desirability of12694.html)
nding out
the number of times each operation is
repeated each hour, the dividingObligations
of work Of
into mental and physical efforts, Business
the Towards
determining of the precise costDifferent
for every
process and the paying of a bonus to theOf The
Segments
workers in proportion to his own Society
e ciency
and the success of enterprise. (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
b. James Watt Junior (UK 1796 - university/principles-
1848) and
Mathew Robinson Boulton(1770 - 1842):
of-management-
James Watt Junior and Mathewand- Robinson
Boulton contributed to the development of
organisational-
management thought by following certain
behaviour-tutorial-
management techniques in their 366/obligations-of-
engineering factory at Soho in Birmingham.
business-towards-
They are:- different-
c. Robert Owens (UK 1771 - 1858): Robert
segments-of-the-
Owens, the promoter of co-operative and
society-
trade union movement in England,
12695.html)
emphasized the recognition of human
Businessthat
element in industry. He rmly believed Ethics
workers' performance in industry (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
was

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 4/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

in uenced by the working conditions and

university/principles-
☰ treatment of workers. He introduced new
of-management-
ideas of human relations - shorterand-working
hours, housing facilities, training of workers
organisational-
in hygiene, education of their children,
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) behaviour-tutorial-
provision of canteen etc. Robert366/business-
Owen,
Search for Jobs... managed a group of textile mills in Lanark,
ethics- 
Scotland, where he used his ideas of
12696.html)
human relations. Though his approach was
Types Of
paternalistic, he came to be regarded asBusiness
the
father of Personnel Management. Ethics
d. Henry Robinson Towne (USA 1844 (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
-1924):
H.R Towne was the president ofuniversity/principles-
the famous
lock manufacturing company "Yale of-management-
and
Town". He urged the combination and-of
engineers and economists as industrial
organisational-
managers. This combination ofbehaviour-tutorial-
qualities,
together with at least some skill366/types-of-
as an
accountant, is essential to the successful
business-ethics-
management of industrial workers. He
12697.html)
favoured organized exchange of experience
among managers and pleaded for Functions
an Of
organized effort to pool the greatManagement
fund of
accumulated knowledge in the art of
workshop management. Process Of
e. Seebohm Rowntree (UK 1871- Management
1954):
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Rowntree created a public opinion on the
need of labour welfare schemeuniversity/principles-
and
improvement in industrial relations. The
of-management-
Industrial Welfare Society, The and-
Management Research Groupsorganisational-
and the
Oxford Lecture Conferences in behaviour-tutorial-
the U.K
owed their origin and progress 366/process-of-
to the
interest and zeal of Rowntree. management-
12698.html)
Classical Theory
Managerial
Prof. Charles Babbage, James Watt Junior and Mathew
Functions

Robinson Boulton, Robert Owen, Henry(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

Robinson
university/principles-
Towne and Rowntree were, no doubt, pioneers of
of-management-
management thought. But, the impactand-
of their
organisational-
contributions on the industry as a whole was meagre.
behaviour-tutorial-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 5/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

366/managerial-
The real beginning of the science of management did
☰ functions-
not occur until the last decade of the 19thcentury.
12699.html)
During this period, stalwarts like F.W. Taylor, H.L. Gantt,
Planning
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Emerson, Frank and Lillian Gilberth etc., laid the (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
foundation of management, which in due course, came
Search for Jobs... 
of-management-
to be known as scienti c management. This epoch in
and-
the history of management will be remembered as an
organisational-
era in which traditional ways of managing were
behaviour-tutorial-
366/planning-
challenged, past management experience was
12700.html)
scienti cally systematized and principles of
Overview Of
management were distilled and propagated. The
Objectives
contributions of the pioneers of this age have had a
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
profound impact in furthering the management know-
of-management-
how and enriching the store of management principles.
and-
organisational-
F.W. Taylor and Henry Fayol are generally regarded as
behaviour-tutorial-
the founders of scienti c management and
366/overview-of-
administrative management and bothobjectives-
provided the
12712.html)
bases for science and art of management.
Strategies
Features of Management in the Classical Period:
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
1. It was closely associated with the industrial
of-management-
revolution and the rise of large-scale
and-
enterprise.
organisational-
2. Classical organization and management
theory is based on contributions behaviour-tutorial-
from a
366/strategies-
number of sources. They are scienti c
12713.html)
management, Administrative management
theory, bureaucratic model, andPolicies
micro-
economics and public administration.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
3. Management thought focusseduniversity/principles-
on job
content division of labour, standardization,
of-management-
simpli cation and specialization and
and-
scienti c approach towards organization.
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
A. Taylor's Scienti c Management: Started as
366/policies-
an apprentice machinist in Philadelphia,
12714.html)

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 6/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

USA. He rose to be the chief engineer

DecisionatMaking
the
☰ Midvale Engineering Works and(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
later on
served with the Bethlehem Works where he
university/principles-
experimented with his ideas and made the
of-management-
contribution to the management
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) theory for
and-
which he is so well known. Frederick
organisational-
Search for Jobs... Winslow Taylor well-known as the founder
behaviour-tutorial- 
of scienti c management was the rst to
366/decision-
recognize and emphasis the need for
making-
adopting a scienti c approach to the task
12715.html)
of managing an enterprise. He tried to
diagnose the causes of low e GlobalciencyPlanning
in
industry and came to the conclusion(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
that
much of waste and ine ciencyuniversity/principles-
is due to
the lack of order and system in of-management-
the
methods of management. He found and- that
the management was usually ignorant of
organisational-
the amount of work that could be done by a
behaviour-tutorial-
worker in a day as also the best366/global-
method of
doing the job. As a result, it remained
planning-
largely at the mercy of the workers who
12716.html)
deliberately shirked work.
He therefore, suggested that thoseOrganising
responsible for management should adopt a
Structure Of
scienti c approach in their work, and make
Management
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
use of "scienti c method" for achieving higher
university/principles-
e ciency. The scienti c method consists
of-management-
essentially of and-
organisational-
a. Observation behaviour-tutorial-
b. Measurement 366/structure-of-
c. Experimentation and management-
d. Inference. 12701.html)

Deofnition
He advocated a thorough planning Of
the job
Organisation
by the management and emphasized the
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
necessity of perfect understanding and co-
university/principles-
of-management-
operation between the management and the
and-
workers both for the enlargement of pro ts
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 7/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

366/de
and the use of scienti c investigation andnition-of-
☰ organisation-
knowledge in industrial work. He summed up
12702.html)
his approach in these words:
Organisation As A
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Process
Science, not rule of thumb
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Search for Jobs... Harmony, not discord 
university/principles-
Co-operation, not individualism
Maximum output, in place ofof-management-
restricted output and-
The development of each man organisational-
to his
behaviour-tutorial-
greatest e ciency and prosperity.
366/organisation-
as-a-process-
Elements of Scienti c Management: The
12703.html)
techniques which Taylor regarded as its
Organisation
essential elements or features may be
Structure
classi ed as under: (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
1. Scienti c Task and Rate-setting,
of-management-
work improvement, etc. and-
2. Planning the Task. organisational-
3. Vocational Selection and Training
behaviour-tutorial-
4. Standardization (of working
366/organisation-
conditions, material equipment
structure-
etc.)
12704.html)
5. Specialization
6. Mental Revolution. Principles Of
Organisation
1. Scienti c Task and Rate-Setting
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
(work study): Work study may be
university/principles-
de ned as the systematic, of-management-
objective and critical examination
and-
of all the factors governingorganisational-
the
operational e ciency of any behaviour-tutorial-
speci ed activity in order to366/principles-of-
effect
improvement. Work study includes.
organisation-
12705.html)
a. Methods Study: The
management should try to And
Formal
ensure that the plant isInformal
laid out in the best manner
Organisation
and is equipped with the(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
best tools and machinery.
university/principles-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 8/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

The possibilities of of-management-

☰ eliminating or combining and-
certain operations mayorganisational-
be
studied. behaviour-tutorial-
b.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) Motion Study: It is a study
366/formal-and-
of the movement, of aninformal-
Search for Jobs... operator (or even of a organisation- 
machine) in performing12706.html)
an
operation with the purpose
of eliminating useless Importance Of
motions. Organisation
c. Time Study (work (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
measurement): The basic university/principles-
purpose of time study is of-management-
to
determine the proper time and-
for performing the organisational-
operation. Such study may behaviour-tutorial-
be conducted after the366/importance-
motion study. Both time of-organisation-
study and motion study12707.html)
help in determining the
Organisation
best method of doing a job
and the standard time Charts And
Manuals
allowed for it.
d. Fatigue Study: If, a (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
standard task is set university/principles-
without providing for of-management-
measures to eliminate and-
fatigue, it may either beorganisational-
beyond the workers or behaviour-tutorial-
the
workers may over strain 366/organisation-
themselves to attain it.charts-and-
It
is necessary, therefore,manuals-
to
regulate the working hours12708.html)
and provide for rest
Forms Of
pauses at scienti cally
Organisation
determined intervals.
e. Rate-setting: Taylor (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
recommended the
differential piece wageof-management-
system, under which and-
workers performing theorganisational-
standard task within behaviour-tutorial-
prescribed time are paid 366/forms-of-
a

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-126… 9/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

much higher rate per unit

organisation-
☰ than ine cient workers12709.html)
who are not able to come
Organisational
up to the standard set.
Culture
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
2. anning the Task: Having set (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
the
task which an average worker university/principles-
must
Search for Jobs... 
strive toperform to get wages at
of-management-
the higher piece-rate, necessary
and-
steps have to be taken top organisational-
lan the
production thoroughly so that there
behaviour-tutorial-
is no bottlenecks and the work 366/organisational-
goes on systematically. culture-
3. lection and Training: Scienti c
12710.html)
Management requires a radical
change in the methods andGlobal Organizing
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
procedures of selecting workers. It
university/principles-
is therefore necessary to entrust
of-management-
the task of selection to a central
personnel department. Theand-
procedure of selection will organisational-
also
have to be systematised. Properbehaviour-tutorial-
attention has also to be devoted to
366/global-
the training of the workers organizing-
in the
correct methods of work. 12711.html)
4. Standardization: Standardization
may be introduced in respectHuman of the
following. Factors And
Motivation
a. Tools and equipment: By
standardization is meant What Is Motivation
the process of bringing(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
about uniformity. The university/principles-
management must select of-management-
and store standard tools and-
and implements whichorganisational-
will
be nearly the best or the behaviour-tutorial-
best of their kind. 366/what-is-
b. Speed: There is usuallymotivation-
an
optimum speed for every 12724.html)
machine. If it is exceeded,
it is likely to result in De nition Of
damage to machinery. Motivation
c. Conditions of Work: To(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
attain standard university/principles-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 10/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

performance, the of-management-

☰ maintenance of standard and-
conditions of ventilation,
organisational-
heating, cooling, humidity,
behaviour-tutorial-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) oor space, safety etc., is
366/de nition-of-
very essential. motivation-
Search for Jobs... d. Materials: The e ciency
12725.html) 
of a worker depends on
the quality of materialsNature And
and the method of Characteristics Of
handling materials. Motivation
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
5. Specialization: Scienti c university/principles-
of-management-
management will not be complete
and-
without the introduction of
organisational-
specialization. Under this plan, the
behaviour-tutorial-
366/nature-and-
two functions of 'planning' and 'doing'
characteristics-of-
are separated in the organization of
motivation-
the plant. The `functional foremen'
12726.html)
are specialists who join theirImportance
heads to And
Bene
give thought to the planning of the ts Of
Motivation
performance of operations in the
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
workshop. Taylor suggested university/principles-
eight

functional foremen under hisof-management-

scheme
of functional foremanship. and-
organisational-

a. The Route Clerk: To laybehaviour-tutorial-

down the sequence of 366/importance-
operations and instructand-bene ts-of-
the workers concernedmotivation-
about it. 12727.html)
b. The Instruction Card Types Of
Clerk: To prepare detailed
Motivation
instructions regarding (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
different aspects of work.
university/principles-
c. The Time and Cost Clerk:
of-management-
To send all information
and-
relating to their pay to the
organisational-
workers and to secure
behaviour-tutorial-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 11/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

proper returns of work 366/types-of-

☰ from them. motivation-
d. The Shop Disciplinarian :
12728.html)
To deal with cases of
Mcgregors Theory
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) breach of discipline and
X And Theory Y
absenteeism.
Motivation
Search for Jobs... e. The Gang Boss: To 
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
assemble and set up tools
and machines and to university/principles-
of-management-
teach the workers to make
and-
all their personal motions
in the quickest and bestorganisational-
way. behaviour-tutorial-
f. The Speed Boss: To 366/mcgregors-
ensure that machines aretheory-x-and-
run at their best speedstheory-y-
and proper tools are used
motivation-
by the workers. 12729.html)
g. The Repair Boss: To
Requirements Of A
ensure that each worker
Sound Motivation
keeps his machine in good
System
order and maintains
cleanliness around him(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
and his machines.
h. strong>The Inspector: of-management-
To
show to the worker how and-
to
do the work. organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
6. Mental Revolution: At present,
366/requirements-
industry is divided into twoof-a-sound-
groups
– management and labour.motivation-system-
The
major problem between these two
12731.html)
groups is the division of surplus.
The management wants the Methods Of
maximum possible share of Motivating
the People
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
surplus as pro t; the workers want,
university/principles-
as large share in the form of
wages. Taylor has in mind the
of-management-
enormous gain that arises from
and-
higher productivity. Such gains can
organisational-
be shared both by the behaviour-tutorial-
management and workers 366/methods-of-
in the
form of increased pro ts andmotivating-people-
increased wages. 12732.html)

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 12/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Bene ts of Scienti c Management: Taylor's

Leadership
☰ And brought
Group
ideas, research and recommendations
Decision
into focus technological, human and
Making
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
organizational issues in industrial
Leadership
management. Bene ts of Taylor's scienti c
Search for Jobs... (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
management included wider scope for
university/principles-
specialization, accurate planning,of-management-
timely
and-
delivery, standardized methods, better quality,
organisational-
lesser costs, minimum wastage of materials,
behaviour-tutorial-
time and energy and cordial relations between
366/leadership-
12736.html)
management and workers. According to

Gilbreths, the main bene ts of De nitions And

Meaning Of
scienti cmanagement are "conservation and
Leadership
savings, making an adequate use(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
of every
university/principles-
one'senergy of any type that is expended". The
of-management-
bene ts of scienti c management are:-
and-
organisational-
a. Replacement of traditional rule of
behaviour-tutorial-
thumb method by scienti c
366/de nitions-
techniques.
and-meaning-of-
b. Proper selection and training of
workers. leadership-
12737.html)
c. Incentive wages to the workers for
higher production. Nature Or
d. Elimination of wastes and Characteristic
rationalization of system ofFeatures Of
control. Leadership
e. Standardization of tools, (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
equipment, materials and work
university/principles-
methods.
of-management-
f. Detailed instructions and constant
and-
guidance of the workers.
organisational-
g. Establishment of harmonious
behaviour-tutorial-
relationship between the workers.
h. Better utilization of various366/nature-or-
characteristic-
resources.
i. Satisfaction of the needs offeatures-of-
the
leadership-
customers by providing higher
12738.html)
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 13/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

quality products at lower prices.

☰ Leadership Styles
And Patterns
Criticism
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
1. Worker's Criticism: of-management-
and-
Search for Jobs... a. Speeding up of workers: organisational-

Scienti c Management is
behaviour-tutorial-
only a device to speed up
366/leadership-
the workers without much
styles-and-
regard for their health and
patterns-
well-being.
12739.html)
b. Loss of individual worker's
initiative: Scienti c Leadership Skill
Management reduces (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
workers to automatic university/principles-
machine by taking away of-management-
from them the functionand- of
thinking. organisational-
c. Problem of monotony:behaviour-tutorial-
By
separating the function366/leadership-
of
planning and thinking from
skill-12740.html)
that of doing, Scienti c
Management reduces Importance Of
work to mere routine. Leadership
d. Reduction of Employment: (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Scienti c Managementuniversity/principles-
creates unemploymentof-management-
and hits the workers hard.and-
e. Weakening of Trade organisational-
Unions: Under Scienti behaviour-tutorial-
c
Management, the 366/importance-
important issues of wages of-leadership-
and working conditions12741.html)
are decided by the
management through Functions Of A
scienti c investigationLeader
and
the trade unions may have (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

little say in the matter. university/principles-

f. Exploitation of workers: of-management-
Scienti c Managementand-
improves productivity organisational-
through the agency of behaviour-tutorial-
workers and yet they are 366/functions-of-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 14/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

given a very small share of

a-leader-
☰ the bene t of such 12742.html)
improvement.
Type Of Leaders
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
2. Employer's Criticism:
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
university/principles-

Search for Jobs... a. Heavy Investment: It of-management- 

requires too heavy an and-
investment. The employerorganisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
has to meet the extra cost
of the planning 366/type-of-
department though theleaders-
foreman in this 12743.html)
department do not work in
Leadership
the workshop and directly
Committee
contribute towards higher
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
production.
university/principles-
b. Loss due to re-
of-management-
organization: The
and-
introduction of Scienti c
organisational-
Management requires a
behaviour-tutorial-
virtual reorganization of
the whole set-up of the366/leadership-
committee-
industrial unit. Work may
have to be suspended to 12744.html)
complete such re- Group Decision
organization. Making
c. Unsuitable for small scale
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
rms: various measures university/principles-
like the establishment of-management-
of a
separate personnel
and-
department and the
organisational-
conducting of time and
behaviour-tutorial-
motion studies are too
366/group-
expensive for a small or
decision-making-
modest size industrial
12745.html)
unit.
Groupthink
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Contributions of Scienti c Management:
university/principles-
Chief among these are: of-management-
and-
1. Emphasis on rational thinking on
organisational-
the part of management. behaviour-tutorial-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 15/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

2. Focus on the need for better 366/groupthink-

☰ methods of industrial work12746.html)
through
systematic study and research.
Communication
3. Emphasis on planning and control
of production.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Effective
4. Development of Cost Accounting.
Communication
Search for Jobs... 5. Development of incentive plans of 
wage payment based on (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
systematic study of work. university/principles-
6. Focus on need for a separate of-management-
Personnel Department. and-
organisational-
7. Focus on the problem of fatigue
and rest in industrial work. behaviour-tutorial-
366/effective-
Taylor was the pioneer in introducing scienti c
communication-
12754.html)
reasoning to the discipline of management.
De nitions Of
Many of the objections raised were later
Communication
remedied by the other contributors to
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
scienti c management like Henryuniversity/principles-
L Gantt,
of-management-
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and Harrington
and-
Emerson. organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
Frank (USA, 1867 - 1924) and Lillian (U.S.A,
366/de nitions-of-
1878 - 1912): The ideas of Taylorwere also
communication-
strongly supported and developed12755.html)
by the
Importance
famous husband and wife team of Frank andOf
Communication
Lillian Gilbreth. They became interested in
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
wasted motions in work. After meeting Taylor,
university/principles-
they combined their ideas with Taylor's to put
of-management-
and-
scienti c management into effect. They made
organisational-
pioneering effort in the eld of motion study
behaviour-tutorial-
and laid the entire foundation of our modern
366/importance-
applications of job simpli cation,of-communication-
meaningful
12756.html)
work standards and incentive wage plans.
Functions Of
Mrs. Gilbreth had a unique background in
Communication
psychology and management and(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
the couple
university/principles-
could embark on a quest for better work
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 16/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

of-management-
methods. Frank Gilbreth is regarded as the
☰ and-
father of motion study. He is responsible for
organisational-
inculcating in the minds of managers the
behaviour-tutorial-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) 366/functions-of-
questioning frame of mind and the search for
communication-
a better way of doing things.
Search for Jobs... 12757.html) 
Gilbreth's contributions to management
Communication
Styles
thought are quite considerable. His main
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
contributions are:
university/principles-
of-management-
a. The one best way of doing a job is
the way which involves the and-fewest
organisational-
motions performed in an
behaviour-tutorial-
accessible area and in the most
comfortable position. The best366/communication-
way
styles-
can be found out by the elimination
12758.html)
of ine cient and wasteful motions
involved in the work. The
b. He emphasized that training Communication
should be given to workersProcess
from Model.
the very beginning so that they
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
may achieve competence as early
university/principles-
as possible.
of-management-
c. He suggested that each worker
and-
should be considered to occupy
organisational-
three positions - (i) the job he held
behaviour-tutorial-
before promotion to his present
366/the-
position, (ii) his present position,
and communication-
d. the next higher position. The process-model-
part
of a worker's time should be dot-12759.html)
spent
in teaching the man below Directions
him and Of
learning from the man above him.
Communication In
This would help him qualifyThe forOrganization
promotion and help to provide a
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
successor to his current job.
university/principles-
e. Frank and Lillian Gilberth also gave
of-management-
a thought to the welfare of the
and-
individuals who work for the
organisational-
organization.
behaviour-tutorial-
f. Gilbreth also devised methods for
366/directions-of-
avoiding wasteful and
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 17/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

unproductive movements. He laid

communication-in-
☰ down how workers should the-organization-
stand,
how his hands should move and so
12760.html)
on.
Communication
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Networks
Henry Lawrence Gantt (USA, 1861 - 1819):
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Search for Jobs... H.L Gantt was born in 1861. He graduated 
university/principles-
from John Hopkins College. For some time, he
of-management-
worked as a draftsman in an iron and-
foundry.
organisational-
In 1884, he quali ed as a mechanical engineer
behaviour-tutorial-
366/communication-
at Stevens Institute. In 1887, he joined the
networks-
Midvale Steel Company. Soon, he became an
12761.html)
assistant to F.W Taylor. He worked with Taylor
Informal
from 1887 - 1919 at Midvale SteelCommunication
Company.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
He did much consulting work on scienti c
university/principles-
selection of workers and the development of
of-management-
incentive bonus systems. He emphasized
and- the

need for developing a mutuality oforganisational-

interest
behaviour-tutorial-
between management and labour. Gantt made
366/informal-
four important contributions to the concepts
communication-
of management: 12762.html)

Non-verbal
1. Gantt chart to compare actual to
Communication
planned performance. Gantt chart
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
was a daily chart which graphically
university/principles-
presented the process of work by
of-management-
showing machine operations, man
and-
hour performance, deliveries,
organisational-
effected and the work in arrears.
This chart was intended to behaviour-tutorial-
366/non-verbal-
facilitate day-to-day production
planning. communication-
2. Task-and-bonus plan for 12763.html)
remunerating workers indicating
BarriersaTo
more humanitarian approach. This
Effective
plan was aimed at providing extra
Communication
wages for extra work besides(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
guarantee of minimum wages.
university/principles-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 18/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Under this system of wage of-management-

☰ payment, if a worker completes
and- the
work laid out for him, he is organisational-
paid a
de nite bonus in addition tobehaviour-tutorial-
his
daily minimum wages. On the
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) other
366/barriers-to-
hand, if a worker does not effective-
Search for Jobs... complete his work, he is paid only
communication- 
his daily minimum wages. There
12764.html)
was a provision for giving bonus to
supervisors, if workers underKeys
himTo Effective
were able to earn such bonus Supervisory
by
extra work. Communication
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
3. Psychology of employee relations
indicating management university/principles-
responsibility to teach and of-management-
train
workers. In his paper "Training
and-
Workmen in Habits of Industry and
organisational-
Cooperation", Gantt pleaded for a
behaviour-tutorial-
policy of preaching and teaching
366/keys-to-
workmen to do their work in the
effective-
process evolved through pre- supervisory-
thinking of management. communication-
4. Gantt laid great emphasis on 12765.html)
leadership. He considered
management as leadershipHow
function. He laid stress on Communication
the
importance of acceptable Leads Globally
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
leadership as the primaryelement
university/principles-
in the success of any business.
Gantt's contributions were of-management-
more in
the nature of re nements rather
and-
than fundamental concepts. They
organisational-
made scienti c management more
behaviour-tutorial-
humanized and meaningful366/how-
to
devotees of Taylor. communication-
leads-globally-
Harrington Emerson (USA, 1853 - 1931):
12766.html)
Emerson was an American Engineer. He
The Process
devoted his attention to e ciency in industry.
Of Controlling
He was the rst to use the term 'e ciency
The Concept Of
engineering' to describe his brand of
Control
consulting. He called his philosophy "The
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 19/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

university/principles-
Gospel of E ciency". According to him,
☰ of-management-
"e ciency means that the right thing is done in
and-
the right manner, by the right man,organisational-
at the right
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
place, in the right time". behaviour-tutorial-
366/the-concept-
Search for Jobs... Emerson laid down the followingof-control-
principles of 
12769.html)
e ciency to be observed by management:-
De nitions Of
1. Ideals Control
2. Common Sense (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
3. Competent Counsel university/principles-
4. Discipline of-management-
5. Fair Deal
and-
6. Proper Records
organisational-
7. Dispatching
behaviour-tutorial-
8. Standards and Schedules
366/de nitions-of-
9. Standard Conditions
control-
10. Standardized Operations
12770.html)
11. Standard practice instructions and
12. E ciency Reward. Characteristics Of
Control
B. Administrative Management Theory: Henry
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Fayol was the most important exponent of
university/principles-
this theory. The pyramidal form, scalar
of-management-
principle, unity of command, exception
and-
principle, span of control and
organisational-
departmentalisation are some of the
behaviour-tutorial-
important concepts set forth by Fayol and
366/characteristics-
his followers like Mooney and Reiley,
Simon, Urwick, Gullick etc. of-control-
12771.html)
Henry Fayol (France, 1841 - 1925): Henry
Steps In Control
Fayol was born in 1941 at Constantinople in
Process
France. He graduated as a mining engineer in
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
1860 from the National School ofuniversity/principles-
Mining. After

his graduation, he joined a Frenchof-management-

Coal Mining
and-
Company as an Engineer. After a couple of
organisational-
years, he was promoted as manager. He was
behaviour-tutorial-
appointed as General Manager of366/steps-in-
his company
control-process-
in 1888. At that time, the company suffered
12772.html)

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 20/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Types Henry
heavy losses and was nearly bankrupt. Of Control
☰ (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Fayol succeeded in converting his company
university/principles-
from near bankruptcy to a strong of-management-
nancial
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) and-
position and a record of pro ts and dividends
organisational-
over a long period.
Search for Jobs... behaviour-tutorial- 
366/types-of-
Concept of Management: Henry Fayol is
control-
considered the father of modern theory of
12773.html)
general and industrial management. He
Essentials Of
divided general and industrial management
Effective Control
into six groups: Systems
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
1. Technical activities - Production,
university/principles-
manufacture, adaptation. of-management-
2. Commercial activities - buying,
and-
selling and exchange. organisational-
3. Financial activities - searchbehaviour-tutorial-
for and
optimum use of capital. 366/essentials-of-
4. Security activities - protection of
effective-control-
property and persons. systems-
5. Accounting activities - stock-
12774.html)
taking, balance sheet, cost, and
statistics. Scope Of Control
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
6. Managerial activities - planning,
organization, command, co-university/principles-
ordination and control. of-management-
and-
These six functions had to be performed to
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
operate successfully any kind of business. He,
366/scope-of-
however, pointed out that the last function i.e.,
control-
ability to manage, was the most important for
12775.html)
upper levels of managers. The process of
Control
management as an ongoing managerial cycle &
Techniques
Globalco-
involving planning, organizing, directing,
Controlling
ordination, and controlling, is actually based

on the analysis of general management by Of

Techniques

Fayol. Hence, it is said that Fayol Control

established
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 21/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

university/principles-
the pattern of management thought and
☰ of-management-
practice. Even today, management process
and-
has general recognition. organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) behaviour-tutorial-
Fayol's Principles of Management: The
366/techniques-of-
Search for Jobs... principles of management are given below:
control- 
12781.html)
1. Division of work: Division of work
Control Aids
or specialization alone can give
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
maximum productivity and
university/principles-
e ciency. Both technical and
managerial activities can be of-management-

performedin the best manner and-only

through division of labour andorganisational-
specialization. behaviour-tutorial-
2. Authority and Responsibility: 366/control-aids-
The
right to give order is called 12782.html)
authority. The obligation toOther Methods Of
accomplish is called responsibility.
Contol
Authority and Responsibility are
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
the two sides of the management
university/principles-
coin. They exist together. They are
of-management-
complementary and mutually
and-
interdependent.
organisational-
3. Discipline: The objectives, rules
behaviour-tutorial-
and regulations, the policies and
366/other-
procedures must be honoured by
methods-of-contol-
each member of an organization.
There must be clear and fair 12783.html)
agreement on the rules andCritical Path
objectives, on the policies and
Method (cpm)
procedures. There must be(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
penalties (punishment) for university/principles-
non-
obedience or indiscipline. No of-management-
organization can work smoothly
and-
without discipline - preferably
organisational-
voluntary discipline.
behaviour-tutorial-
4. Unity of Command: In order to
366/critical-path-
avoid any possible confusion and
method-cpm-
con ict, each member of an
organization must received12784.html)
orders
and instructions only from Gantt
one Chart
superior (boss). (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 22/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

5. Unity of Direction: All members of

university/principles-
☰ an organization must workof-management-
together to accomplish common and-
objectives. organisational-
6. Emphasis
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) on Subordination of
behaviour-tutorial-
Personal Interest to General or
366/gantt-chart-
Search for Jobs... CommonInterest: This is also 12785.html) 
called principle of co-operation.
Each shall work for all and Programme
all for
each. General or common interest And
Evaluation

must be supreme in any joint Reviewtechnique

enterprise. (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
7. Remuneration: Fair pay with university/principles-
non-
nancial rewards can act as of-management-
the
best incentive or motivatorand- for
good performance. Exploitation of
organisational-
employees in any manner must be
behaviour-tutorial-
eliminated. Sound scheme 366/programme-
of
remuneration includes adequate evaluation-and-
nancial and non nancial reviewtechnique-
incentives. 12786.html)
8. Centralization: There must be a
Global Controlling
good balance between
& Global
centralization and decentralization
of authority and power. ExtremeChallenges
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
centralization and decentralization
must be avoided. university/principles-
9. Scalar Chain: The unity of of-management-
command brings about a chain and- or
hierarchy of command linking all
organisational-
members of the organization from
behaviour-tutorial-
the top to the bottom. Scalar 366/global-
denotes steps. controlling-global-
10. Order: Fayol suggested thatchallenges-
there
is a place for everything. Order or
12787.html)
system alone can create a sound
organization and e cient Directing
management.
11. Equity: An organization consistsDynamic of
Leadership
a group of people involved in joint
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
effort. Hence, equity (i.e., justice)
must be there. Without equity, university/principles-
we
cannot have sustained andof-management-
adequate joint collaboration. and-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 23/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

12. Stability of Tenure: A personorganisational-

☰ needs time to adjust himself with
behaviour-tutorial-
the new work and demonstrate 366/dynamic-
e ciency in due course. Hence,
leadership-
employees
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) and managers must
12792.html)
have job security. Security of
Meaning And
Search for Jobs... income and employment is a pre- 
De nition
requisite of sound organization
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
and management.
university/principles-
13. Esprit of Co-operation: Esprit de
of-management-
corps is the foundation of a sound
and- But
organization. Union is strength.
unity demands co-operation. organisational-
Pride,
behaviour-tutorial-
loyalty and sense of belonging are
responsible for good performance.
366/meaning-and-
14. Initiative: Creative thinkingde
andnition-
capacity to take initiative can give
12793.html)
us sound managerial planning and
Characteristics Of
execution of predetermined plans.
Directing
C. Bureaucratic Model: Max Weber,(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
a German
university/principles-
Sociologist developed the bureaucratic
model. His model of bureaucracy include
of-management-
and-
a. Hierarchy of authority. organisational-
b. Division of labour based upon functional
behaviour-tutorial-
specialization. 366/characteristics-
c. A system of rules. of-directing-
d. Impersonality of interpersonal 12794.html)
relationships.
Scope Of Directing
e. A system of work procedures.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
f. Placement of employees based upon
university/principles-
technical competence.
of-management-
g. Legal authority and power.
and-
Bureaucracy provides a rigid model oforganisational-
an organization.
behaviour-tutorial-
It does not account for important human elements. The
366/scope-of-
features of Bureaucracy are:- directing-
12795.html)
1. Rigidity, impersonality and higher cost of
Importance Of
controls.
Direction
2. Anxiety due to pressure of conformity to
rules and procedure. (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
3. Dependence on superior. university/principles-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 24/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

4. Tendency to forget ultimate goals of the

of-management-
☰ organization. and-
organisational-
Bureaucratic Model is preferred wherebehaviour-tutorial-
change is not
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) 366/importance-
anticipated or where rate of change can be predicated.
of-direction-
It is followed in government departments and in large
Search for Jobs... 12796.html) 
business organizations.
Nature Of
Direction-functions
Neoclassical Theory:Neo-classical Theory is built on
Ofmanagement
the base of classical theory. It modi ed, improved and
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
extended the classical theory. Classical theory
university/principles-
concentrated on job content and management of
of-management-
and- theory gave
physical resources whereas, neoclassical
organisational-
greater emphasis to individual and group relationship in
behaviour-tutorial-
the workplace. The neo- classical theory pointed out
366/nature-of-
direction-
the role of psychology and sociology in the
functions-
understanding of individual and group behaviour in an
ofmanagement-
organization. 12797.html)

George Elton Mayo (Australia, 1880 - Principles Of

1949): Elton
Direction
Mayo was born in Australia. He was educated in Logic
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
and Philosophy at St. Peter's College, university/principles-
Adelaide. He led a
of-management-
team of researchers from Harvard University, which
and-
carried out investigation in human problems at the
organisational-
Hawthorne Plant of Western Electricalbehaviour-tutorial-
Company at

Chicago. They conducted some experiments (known as

366/principles-of-
direction-
Hawthorne Experiments) and investigated informal
12798.html)
groupings, informal relationships, patterns of
Principles Of
communication, patterns of informal leadership etc.
Issuing Orders
Elton Mayo is generally recognized as(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
the father of
university/principles-
Human Relations School. Other prominent contributors
of-management-
to this school include Roethlisberger, Dickson, Dewey,
and-
Lewinetc. organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/principles-of-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 25/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

issuing-orders-
Hawthorne Experiment: In 1927, a group of researchers
☰ 12799.html)
led by Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger of the
Types Of Direction
Harvard Business School were invited to join in the
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
studies at the Hawthorne Works of Western Electric university/principles-
of-management-
Company, Chicago. The experiment lasted up to 1932.
Search for Jobs... 
and-
The Hawthorne Experiments brought out that the
organisational-
productivity of the employees is not the function of only
behaviour-tutorial-
physical conditions of work and money wages paid to
366/types-of-
direction-
them. Productivity of employees depends heavily upon
12800.html)
the satisfaction of the employees in their work
Techniques Of
situation. Mayo's idea was that logical factors were far
Direction
less important than emotional factors(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
in determining

productivity e ciency. Furthermore, ofuniversity/principles-

all the human
of-management-
factors in uencing employee behaviour, the most
and-
powerful were those emanating from organisational-
the worker's
behaviour-tutorial-
participation in social groups. Thus, Mayo concluded
366/techniques-of-
that work arrangements in addition to meeting the
direction-
objective requirements of production must at the same
12801.html)
time satisfy the employee's subjective requirement of
Organisation
social satisfaction at his work place.
Behaviour
The Hawthorne experiment consists of four parts.
What Is
These parts are brie y described below:-
Organisational
Behaviour
1. Illumination Experiment. (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
2. Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment.
university/principles-
3. Interviewing Programme. of-management-
4. Bank Wiring Test Room Experiment.
and-
organisational-
1. Illumination Experiment: This experiment
behaviour-tutorial-
was conducted to establish relationship
366/what-is-
between output and illumination. When the
organisational-
intensity of light was increased,behaviour-
the output
also increased. The output showed an
12810.html)
upward trend even when the illumination
was gradually brought down to Meaning
the normal&
De that
level. Therefore, it was concluded nitionthere
Of

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 26/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

is no consistent relationship between

Organisationalbehaviour
☰ output of workers and illumination in the
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
factory. There must be some other factor
university/principles-
which affected productivity. of-management-
2. Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment:
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) and-
This phase aimed at knowing not only the
organisational-
Search for Jobs... impact of illumination on production but
behaviour-tutorial- 
also other factors like length of366/meaning-
the working
day, rest hours, and other physicalde nition-of-
conditions. In this experiment, a small
organisationalbehaviour-
homogeneous work-group of six girls was
12811.html)
constituted. These girls were friendly to
each other and were asked to work Historyin And
a very
informal atmosphere under theEvolution
supervisionOf
of a researcher. Productivity and morale
Organisational
increased considerably during the period of
Behaviour
the experiment. Productivity went on
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
increasing and stabilized at a high level
university/principles-
even when all the improvements were taken
of-management-
away and the pre-test conditions were
and-
reintroduced. The researchers concluded
organisational-
that socio-psychological factors such as
behaviour-tutorial-
feeling of being important, recognition,
366/history-and-
attention, participation,cohesiveevolution-of-
work-
group, and non-directive supervision held
organisational-
the key for higherproductivity.
behaviour-
3. Mass Interview Programme: The objective
12812.html)
of this programme was to make a
systematic study of the employees' Challenges &
attitudes which would reveal the meaning Of
Opportunities
which their "working situation" has for
Organisation
them. The researchers interviewed a large
Behaviour
number of workers with regard (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
to their
opinions on work, working conditions and
university/principles-
supervision. Initially, a direct approach was
of-management-
used whereby interviews askedand- questions
considered important by managers and
organisational-
researchers. The researchers observed that
behaviour-tutorial-
the replies of the workmen were guarded.
366/challenges-
Therefore, this approach was replaced by
opportunities-of-
an indirect technique, where the interviewer
organisation-
simply listened to what the workmen had to
behaviour-
say. The ndings con rmed the importance
12813.html)

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 27/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

of social factors at work in the total work Of

The Nature
☰ environment. Organisational
4. Bank Wiring Test Room Experiment: This
Behaviour
experiment was conducted by (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Roethlisberger and Dickson with
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) a view to
university/principles-
develope a new method of observation and
of-management-
Search for Jobs... obtaining more exact information and-about 
social groups within a companyorganisational-
and also
nding out the causes which restrict
behaviour-tutorial-
output. The experiment was conducted to
366/the-nature-of-
study a group of workers under conditions
organisational-
which were as close as possible to normal.
behaviour-
This group comprised of 14 workers. After
12814.html)
the experiment, the production records of
this group were compared withInterdisciplinary
their earlier
production records. It was observed that To
Contributions
the group evolved its own production
The Study Of
norms for each individual worker, which
Organisational
was made lower than those setBehaviour
by the
management. Because of this, (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
workers
would produce only that much, university/principles-
thereby
defeating the incentive system.of-management-
Those
workers who tried to produce moreand-
than the
group norms were isolated, harassed or
organisational-
punished by the group. The ndings of the
behaviour-tutorial-
study are:-
366/interdisciplinary-
contributions-to-
i. Each individual was restricting
output. the-study-of-
ii. The group had its own "unoorganisational-
cial"
standards of performance.behaviour-
iii. Individual output remained12815.html)
fairly
constant over a period of time.
Personality
iv. Informal groups play an important
role in the working of an
How To De ne
organization.
Personality
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Contributions of the Hawthorne Experiment: Elton
university/principles-
of-management-
Mayo and his associates conducted their studies in the
and-
Hawthorne plant of the western electrical company,
organisational-
U.S.A., between 1927 and 1930. According to them,
behaviour-tutorial-
366/how-to-de ne-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 28/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

personality-
behavioural science methods have many areas of
☰ 12819.html)
application in management. The important features of
De nition Of
the Hawthorne Experiment are:-
Personality
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
1. A business organization is basically a
university/principles-
Search for Jobs... social system. It is not just a techno- 
of-management-
economic system.
2. The employer can be motivatedand- by
organisational-
psychological and social wants because his
behaviour is also in uenced by behaviour-tutorial-
feelings,
366/de
emotions and attitudes. Thus economic nition-of-
incentives are not the only methodpersonality-
to
motivate people. 12820.html)
3. Management must learn to develop Major
co-
operative attitudes and not rely merely on
Determinants Of
command.
Personality
4. Participation becomes an important
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
instrument in human relations movement.
university/principles-
In order to achieve participation, effective
of-management-
two-way communication network is
and-
essential.
organisational-
5. Productivity is linked with employee
behaviour-tutorial-
satisfaction in any business organization.
Therefore management must take 366/major-
greater
interest in employee satisfaction.determinants-of-
personality-
6. Group psychology plays an important role
12821.html)
in any business organization. We must
therefore rely more on informalPersonality
group
effort. Characteristics In
7. The neo-classical theory emphasizes that
Organizations
man is a living machine and he is far more
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
important than the inanimate machine.
university/principles-
Hence, the key to higher productivity lies in
of-management-
employee morale. High morale results in
and-
higher output.
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
Elements of Behavioural Theory: There are three
366/personality-
elements of behavioural theory.
characteristics-in-
organizations-
1. The Individual: The neoclassical theory
12822.html)
emphasized that individual differences
Measuring
must be recognised. An individual has
feelings, emotions, perception and attitude.
Personality

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 29/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Each person is unique. He brings to the job

(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
☰ situation certain attitudes, beliefs and ways
university/principles-
of life, as well as skills. He has of-management-
certain
meaning of his job, his supervision,
and- working
conditions etc. The inner world organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) of the
worker is more important than the external
behaviour-tutorial-
Search for Jobs... reality in the determination of productivity.
366/measuring- 
Thus human relations at work determine
personality-
the rise or fall in productivity. Therefore
12824.html)
human relationists advocate the adoption
Matching
of multidimensional model of motivation
Personalities And
which is based upon economic,individual
and social factors.> Jobs
2. Work Groups: Workers are not isolated;
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
they are social beings and should be
university/principles-
treated as such by management. The
of-management-
existence of informal organization and-is
natural. The neo-classical theory describes
organisational-
the vital effects of group psychology and
behaviour-tutorial-
behaviour on motivation and productivity.
366/matching-
3. Participative Management: Thepersonalities-and-
emergence
of participative management isjobs-12825.html)
inevitable
when emphasis is laid on individual and
work groups. Allowing labour toTrait Theories
participate
in decision making primarily to (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
increase
productivity was a new form of university/principles-
supervision.
Management now welcomes worker of-management-
and- and
participation in planning job contents
job operations. Neoclassical theoryorganisational-
focuses its attention on workers. Plant
behaviour-tutorial-
layout, machinery, tool etc., must offer
366/trait-theories-
employee convenience and facilities.
12826.html)
Therefore, neoclassical approach is trying
Attitudes,
to satisfy personal security and social
needs of workers. Values And
Work Ethics
Human relationists made very signi cant contribution
What Is Attitude?
to management thought by bringing into limelight
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
human and social factors in organizations. But their
university/principles-
of-management-
concepts were carried beyond an appropriate limit.
and-
There are many other factors which in uence
organisational-
productivity directly. Modern management thought
behaviour-tutorial-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 30/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

366/what-is-
wants equal emphasis on man and machine and we
☰ attitude-
can evolve appropriate man- machine system to secure
12831.html)
both goals – productivity and satisfaction.
Meaning Of
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Attitudes
Limitations of Human Relations Approach:-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Search for Jobs... 
university/principles-
1. The human relationists drew conclusions
from Hawthorne studies. Theseof-management-
conclusions are based on clinicaland-insight
rather than on scienti c evidence.
organisational-
2. The study tends to overemphasize the
behaviour-tutorial-
psychological aspects at the cost of the
366/meaning-of-
structural and technical aspects.attitudes-
3. It is assumed that all organizational
12832.html)
problems are amenable to solutions
Characteristics Of
through human relations. This assumption
Attitudes
does not hold good in practice.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
4. The human relationists saw only the human
variables as critical and ignoreduniversity/principles-
other
variables. of-management-

5. and-
The human relationists overemphasize the
group and group decision-making. organisational-
But in
behaviour-tutorial-
practice, groups may create problems and
366/characteristics-
collective decision-making may not be
possible. of-attitudes-
12833.html)
Modern Theory (System Approach): The systems
Functions Of
approach to management indicates the fourth major
Attitude
theory of management thought called(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
modern theory.
university/principles-
Modern theory considers an organization as an
of-management-
adaptive system which has to adjust to changes in its
and-
environment. An organization is now de ned as a
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
structured process in which individuals interact for
366/functions-of-
attaining objectives.
attitude-
12834.html)
Meaning of "System": The word system is derived from
Components Of
the Greek word meaning to bring together or to
Attitudes
combine. A system is a set of interconnected and inter-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 31/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

related elements or component parts and-

to achieve certain
☰ organisational-
goals. A system has three signi cant parts:
behaviour-tutorial-
366/components-
1. Every system is goal-oriented and it must
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) of-attitudes-
have a purpose or objective to be attained.
12835.html)
2. In designing the system we must establish
Search for Jobs... 
the necessary arrangement of components.
Sources Of
3. Inputs of information, material and energy
Attitudes
are allocated for processing as(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
per plan so
that the outputs can achieve the objective
university/principles-
of the system. of-management-
and-
The Design of a Basic System
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/sources-of-
attitudes-
12836.html)

Types Of Attitudes
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/types-of-
Systems Approach Applied to an Organization:
attitudes- When
12837.html)
systems approach is applied to organization, we have
Attitude
the following features of an organization as anFormation
open
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
adaptive system:-
university/principles-
of-management-
1. It is a sub-system of its broader
and-
environment.
organisational-
2. It is a goal-oriented – people with a
behaviour-tutorial-
purpose.
366/attitude-
3. It is a technical subsystem – using
knowledge, techniques, equipmentformation-
and
facilities. 12838.html)
4. It is a structural subsystem – people
Cognitive
working together on interrelatedDissonance
activities.Theory
5. It is a psychosocial system – people in
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
social relationships. university/principles-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 32/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

6. It is co-ordinate by a managerialof-management-
sub
☰ system, creating, planning, organizing,
and-
motivating, communicating andorganisational-
controlling
the overall efforts directed towards set
behaviour-tutorial-
goals.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) 366/cognitive-
dissonance-theory-
Characteristics of Modern Management Thought:
Search for Jobs... 12839.html) 

Values
1. The Systems Approach: An organization as
a system has ve basic parts - (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
1. Input of-management-
2. Process and-
3. Output organisational-
4. Feedback and behaviour-tutorial-
5. Environment.
366/values-
12840.html)
It draws upon the environment for inputs to
Formation Of
produce certain desirable outputs. The
Values
success of these outputs can be (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
judged by

means of feedback. If necessary, university/principles-

we have to
of-management-
modify out mix of inputs to produce as per
and-
changing demands.
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
2. Dynamic: We have a dynamic process of
interaction occurring within the366/formation-of-
structure of
values-
an organization. The equilibrium of an
organization and its structure is12841.html)
itself
dynamic or changing. Types Of Values
3. Multilevel and Multidimensional: Systems
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
approach points out complex multilevel and
university/principles-
multi dimensional character. We have both
of-management-
a micro and macro approach. A company is
and-
micro within a business system. It is macro
organisational-
with respect to its own internal units. Within
behaviour-tutorial-
a company as a system we have:-
366/types-of-
1. Production subsystem values-
2. Finance subsystem 12842.html)
3. Marketing subsystem
Meaning Of Ethics
4. Personnel subsystem.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 33/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

and-
All parts or components are interrelated. Both
☰ organisational-
parts as well as the whole are equally
behaviour-tutorial-
important. At all levels, organizations interact
366/meaning-of-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
in many ways. ethics-
12843.html)
Search for Jobs... 4. Multimotivated: Classical theory assumed 
a single objective, for instance, Ethical
pro t. Theories
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Systems approach recognizes that there may
university/principles-
be several motivations behind ourof-management-
actions and

behaviour. Management has to compromise

and-
organisational-
these multiple objectives
behaviour-tutorial-
366/ethical-
eg: - economic objectives and social
theories-
objectives.
12844.html)
5. Multidisciplinary: Systems approach
Contemporary
integrates and uses with pro t ideas
Ethical Issues In
emerging from different schools of thought.
Organizations
Management freely draws concepts and
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
techniques from many elds of study such
university/principles-
as psychology, social psychology,
sociology, ecology, economics, of-management-
mathematics, etc. and-
organisational-
6. Multivariable: It is assumed that there is no
behaviour-tutorial-
simple cause-effect phenomenon. An event
366/contemporary-
may be the result of so many factors which
themselves are interrelated andethical-issues-in-
interdependent. Some factors areorganizations-
controllable, some uncontrollable.
12845.html)
Intelligent planning and control are
Types Of
necessary to face these variable factors.
Management
7. Adaptive: The survival and growth of an
Ethics
organization in a dynamic environment
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
demands an adaptive system which can
university/principles-
continuously adjust to changing conditions.
of-management-
An organization is an open system
and-
adapting itself through the process of
feedback. organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
8. Probabilistic: Management principles point
366/types-of-
out only probability and never the certainty
management-
of performance and the consequent
results. We have to face so many variables

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 34/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

simultaneously. Our forecasts are mere

ethics-
☰ tendencies. Therefore, intelligent
12846.html)
forecasting and planning can reduce the
Improving Ethical
degree of uncertainty to a considerable
Behaviour
extent.
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
Contingency Theory: Systems approach emphasizes
Search for Jobs... 
of-management-
that all sub- systems of an organization along with the
and-
super system of environment are interconnected and
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
interrelated. Contingency approach analysis and
366/improving-
understands these inter relationship sothat managerial
ethical-behaviour-
actions can be adjusted to demands of speci c
12847.html)
situations or circumstances.
Perception
And
Thus the contingency approach enables Learning
us to evolve

practical answers to problems demanding

What solutions.
Is Perception
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Organization design and managerial actions most
university/principles-
appropriate to speci c situations will have to be
of-management-
adopted to achieve the best possible result under the
and-
given situation. There is no one best way (as advocated
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
by Taylor) to organize and manage. Thus, Contingency
366/what-is-
Approach to management emphasizes the fact that
perception-
management is a highly practice-oriented discipline. It
12851.html)
is the basic function of managers to analyse
Factors and
In uencing
understand the environments in whichPerception
they function
(perception
before adopting their techniques, processes and
Process)
practices. The application of management principles
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
and practices should therefore be continent upon the
of-management-
existing circumstances.
and-
organisational-
Contingency approach guides the manager to be
behaviour-tutorial-
adaptive to environment. It tells the manager to be
366/factors-
pragmatic and open minded. The contingency
in uencing-
approach is an improvement over the perception-
systems
perception-
approach. It not only examines the relationships

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 35/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

process-
between sub-systems of the organization, but also the
☰ 12852.html)
relationship between the organization and its
Managerial
environment.
Implications Of
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Perception
However, the contingency approach suffers from two
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Search for Jobs... limitations:- 
university/principles-
of-management-
1. It does not recognize the in uence of
and-
management concepts and techniques on
organisational-
environment.
behaviour-tutorial-
2. Literature on contingency management is
366/managerial-
yet not adequate.
implications-of-
perception-
« Previous Topics Next Topics »
12853.html)
 Professionalisation Of Meaning
Social Responsibilities
Of Of
Management Business
Learning
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-of- university/principles-of-
university/principles-
management-and-organisational- management-and-organisational-
of-management-
behaviour-tutorial- behaviour-tutorial-366/social-
366/professionalisation-of- and-
responsibilities-of-business-
management-12678.html) organisational-
12689.html)
behaviour-tutorial-
 Is Management A Science Or 366/meaning-of-
Study Of The Concept Of
An Art? Social Responsibility
learning-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
12854.html)
university/principles-of- university/principles-of-
management-and-organisational- Components Of
management-and-organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-366/is- behaviour-tutorial-366/study-of-
Learning
management-a-science-or-an-art- the-concept-of-social-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
12677.html) responsibility-12690.html)
university/principles-
of-management-
 Scope Of Management  Arguments In Favour Of Social
and-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- Responsibility Of Business
university/principles-of- organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
management-and-organisational- behaviour-tutorial-
university/principles-of-
behaviour-tutorial-366/scope-of- 366/components-
management-and-organisational-
management-12676.html) behaviour-tutorial-
of-learning-
366/arguments-in-favour-of-
12855.html)
social-responsibility-of-business-
Determinants Of
12691.html)
Learning
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 36/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

of-management-
☰ Principles of Management and-
and Organisatio
organisational-
Behaviour Related Tutorials
behaviour-tutorial-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
HR Management Tutorial 366/determinants-
Principles of Manageme
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- of-learning-
Tutorial
Search for Jobs... university/hr-management- 12856.html)
(https://www.wisdomjo 
tutorial-69.html) university/principles-of-
Theories Of
management-tutorial-29
Learning
Principles of service marketing (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Strategic Management T
management Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjo
university/principles-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- university/strategic-
of-management-
university/principles-of-service- management-tutorial-34
and-
marketing-management-tutorial-
organisational-
310.html)
behaviour-tutorial-
Organisational Behaviour Tutorial Employee Supervision T
366/theories-of-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjo
learning-
university/organisational- university/employee-sup
12857.html)
behaviour-tutorial-362.html) tutorial-2570.html)
Principles Of
Organizational Design Tutorial Reinforcement
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/organizational-design-
university/principles-
tutorial-2687.html)
of-management-
and-
organisational-
Principles of Management behaviour-tutorial-
and Organisatio
Behaviour Related Interview366/principles-of-
Questions
reinforcement-
HR Management Interview Principles of Manageme
12858.html)
Questions Interview Questions
Limitations Of
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjo
university/hr-management- Behaviour
university/principles-of-
interview-questions.html) Modi cation
management-interview-
questions.html)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
Principles of service marketing Strategic Management
of-management-
management Interview Questions Questions
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- and-
(https://www.wisdomjo
university/principles-of-service- organisational-
university/strategic-
marketing-management- behaviour-tutorial-
management-interview-
interview-questions.html) questions.html)
366/limitations-of-
behaviour-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 37/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

modi cation-
☰ Principles of Management 12859.html)
and Organisatio
Behaviour Related InterviewTypes
Questions
Of Learning
Curves
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Organisational Behaviour Job Evaluation Interview
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Interview Questions Questions
university/principles-
Search for Jobs... (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjo 
of-management-
university/organisational- university/job-evaluation
and-
behaviour-interview- interview-questions.htm
questions.html) organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
Organization & Management Organizational
366/types-of-Culture I
Fundamentals Interview Questions
learning-curves-
Questions (https://www.wisdomjo
12860.html)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- university/organizationa
university/organization- interview-questions.htm
Learning And
management-fundamentals- Behaviour
interview-questions.html) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
Organising Interview Questions Talent Management Inte
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- of-management-
Questions
university/organising-interview- and-
(https://www.wisdomjo
questions.html) university/talent-manag
organisational-
interview-questions.htm
behaviour-tutorial-
366/learning-and-
Organizational Design Interview
Questions behaviour-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- 12861.html)
university/organizational-design-
Learning And
interview-questions.html)
Personality
Differences
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
Principles of Management university/principles-
and Organisatio
Behaviour Related Practiceof-management-
Tests
and-
HR Management Practice Tests organisational-
Principles of Manageme
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- Practice Tests
behaviour-tutorial-
university/hr-management- (https://www.wisdomjo
366/learning-and-
practice-tests-69-327211) university/principles-of-
personality-
management-practice-te
differences-
327236)
12862.html)

Stress

Stress Conditions
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 38/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

university/principles-
☰ Principles of Management of-management-
and Organisatio
and-
Behaviour Related Practice Tests
organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Principles of service marketing behaviour-tutorial-
Strategic Management
management Practice Tests 366/stress-
Tests
Search for Jobs... (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjo
conditions- 
university/principles-of-service- university/strategic-
12870.html)
marketing-management-practice- management-practice-te
tests-310-327248) Meaning &
327243)
De nition Of
Organisational Behaviour Job Evaluation Practice
Stress
Practice Tests (https://www.wisdomjo
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- university/job-evaluation
university/principles-
university/organisational- practice-tests-462-3277
of-management-
behaviour-practice-tests-362-
327233) and-
organisational-
Organization & Management Organizational Culture P
behaviour-tutorial-
Fundamentals Practice Tests Tests
366/meaning-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e- (https://www.wisdomjo
de nition-of-
university/organization- university/organizationa
management-fundamentals- stress-
practice-tests-1162-327
practice-tests-1143-327508) 12871.html)

The General
Adaptation
Syndrome (gas)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/the-general-
adaptation-
syndrome-gas-
12872.html)

Approaches To
Stress
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 39/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

behaviour-tutorial-
☰ 366/approaches-
to-stress-
12873.html)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
The Causes Of
Stress
Search for Jobs... 
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/the-causes-of-
stress-
12874.html)

Individual
Response To
Stress
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/individual-
response-to-
stress-
12875.html)

Consequences Of
Stress
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/consequences-
of-stress-
12876.html)

Managing Stress
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 40/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

university/principles-
☰ of-management-
and-
organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) behaviour-tutorial-
366/managing-
Search for Jobs... stress- 
12877.html)

Framework For
Preventive Stress
Management
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/framework-
for-preventive-
stress-
management-
12878.html)

Managerial
Implications Of
Stress
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/managerial-
implications-of-
stress-
12879.html)

Foundation Of
Group
Behaviour

Learning
Capacities

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 41/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
☰ university/principles-
of-management-
and-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
Search for Jobs... 366/learning- 
capacities-
12888.html)

De nition Of
Groups
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/de nition-of-
groups-
12889.html)

Reasons For
Forming Groups
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/reasons-for-
forming-groups-
12890.html)

Stages Of Group
Development
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/stages-of-
group-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 42/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

development-
☰ 12891.html)

Characteristics Of
Groups
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
Search for Jobs... 
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/characteristics-
of-groups-
12892.html)

Group Structure
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/group-
structure-
12893.html)

Various Methods
Of Group Decision
Making
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/various-
methods-of-group-
decision-making-
12894.html)

Understanding
Work Teams
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 43/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

and-
☰ organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/understanding-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) work-teams-
12895.html)
Search for Jobs... 
Organisational
Change

Change In Culture
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/change-in-
culture-
12898.html)

Managing Change
In The
Organisational
Context
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/managing-
change-in-the-
organisational-
context-
12899.html)

Forces For Change

In Organization
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 44/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

behaviour-tutorial-
☰ 366/forces-for-
change-in-
organization-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) 12900.html)

Forms Of Change
Search for Jobs... 
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/forms-of-
change-
12901.html)

The Role Of
Change Agents
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/the-role-of-
change-agents-
12902.html)

Resistance To
Change
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/resistance-to-
change-
12903.html)

Tips To Manage
Resistance To
Change
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 45/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

university/principles-
☰ of-management-
and-
organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) behaviour-tutorial-
366/tips-to-
Search for Jobs... manage- 
resistance-to-
change-
12904.html)

Organisational
Development

Organization
Development
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/organization-
development-
12908.html)

Organization
Development:
Anintroduction
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/organization-
development-
anintroduction-
12909.html)

De nition Of
Organization
Development (od)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 46/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

university/principles-
☰ of-management-
and-
organisational-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) behaviour-tutorial-
366/de nition-of-
Search for Jobs... organization- 
development-od-
12910.html)

Objectives Of Od
Programmes
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/objectives-of-
od-programmes-
12911.html)

Basic
Assumptions Of
Od
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/basic-
assumptions-of-
od-12912.html)

Types Of Od
Activities
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/types-of-od-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 47/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

activities-
☰ 12913.html)

Values Od
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
university/principles-
of-management-
Search for Jobs... 
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/values-od-
12914.html)

Od Interventions
Or Techniques
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/od-
interventions-or-
techniques-
12915.html)

Why Change
Management
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/why-change-
management-
12916.html)

Organisational
Culture

Culture And
Development
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 48/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

of-management-
☰ and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) 366/culture-and-
development-
Search for Jobs... 12923.html) 

Culture De ned
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/culture-
de ned-
12924.html)

Basic Elements Of
Culture
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/basic-
elements-of-
culture-
12925.html)

Characteristics Of
Organizational
Culture
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/characteristics-
of-organizational-

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 49/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

culture-
☰ 12926.html)

Creating And
Sustaining Culture
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
Search for Jobs... 
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/creating-and-
sustaining-culture-
12927.html)

How Employees
Learn Culture?
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/how-
employees-learn-
culture-
12928.html)

Successful
Organizational
Culture
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
of-management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-tutorial-
366/successful-
organizational-
culture-
12929.html)

Principles Of
Management
And
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 50/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Organisational
☰ Behaviour
Interview
Questions
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/principles-
Search for Jobs... of- 
management-
and-
organisational-
behaviour-
interview-
questions.html)

All Practice
Tests
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/onlineexam.html)

List of Tutorials

Developers Best Practices Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-

practices-tutorial-3129.html)

YAML Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/yaml-tutorial-3120.html)

Salesforce Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/salesforce-tutorial-3117.html)

Adobe Robohelp Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/adobe-robohelp-tutorial-3114.html)

Sublime Text Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/sublime-text-tutorial-3104.html)

GItlab Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/gitlab-tutorial-3096.html)

Adobe InDesign CC Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/adobe-indesign-cc-tutorial-

3092.html)

SaltStack Tutorial (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/saltstack-tutorial-3063.html)

Read More (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/all-skillsets.html)

List of Topics

Summary (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-tutorial-
3129/summary-28360.html)

Career Planning in best practice (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-

tutorial-3129/career-planning-in-best-practice-28359.html)

Managing Managers (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-tutorial-

3129/managing-managers-28358.html)
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 51/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Stress Management (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-tutorial-

☰
3129/stress-management-28357.html)

Eager to Learn (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-tutorial-3129/eager-

to-learn-28356.html)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Handy Tools & Techniques (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-tutorial-
3129/handy-tools-techniques-28355.html)
Search for Jobs... 
Keep the Assets Safely (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-tutorial-
3129/keep-the-assets-safely-28354.html)

Testing is the Religion (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/developers-best-practices-tutorial-

3129/testing-is-the-religion-28353.html)
Read More (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university)

Interview Questions

Ravendb Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/ravendb-interview-

questions.html)

Cobertura Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/cobertura-interview-

questions.html)

Java Quartz Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/java-quartz-interview-

questions.html)

Cheque Truncation System Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/cheque-

truncation-system-interview-questions.html)

ECS Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/ecs-interview-questions.html)

RTGS Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/rtgs-interview-questions.html)

Private Equity Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/private-equity-interview-

questions.html)

Excel Formulas Interview Questions (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/excel-formulas-interview-

questions.html)
Read More (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/all-skillsets-interview-questions.html)

ABOUT US TOP COMPANY JOBS

About Wisdom Jobs HDFC Careers

Contact US (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/hdfc-jobs)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/contact-us.html) Infosys Careers
Privacy Policy (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/infosys-jobs)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/privacy-and- Mphasis Careers
policy.php) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/mphasis-jobs)
Terms of Use Axis Bank Careers
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/terms-and- (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/axis-bank-jobs)
conditions.php)

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 52/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Report a problem Ashok Leyland Careers

☰
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/reportproblem.html) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/ashok-leyland-
Help (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/help) jobs)
Press Corner AEGIS Careers
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
Html site Map (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/aegis-jobs)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/sitemap.html) Convergys Careers
Search for Jobs... 
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/convergys-jobs)
Adobe Careers
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/adobe-jobs)
ICICI Bank Careers
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/icici-bank-jobs)
Indigo Careers
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/indigo-jobs)
Spicejet Careers
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/spicejet-jobs)
HSBC Careers
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/hsbc-jobs)

TOP CATEGORY JOBS JOBS IN TOP LOCATIONS

Govt Jobs Jobs in Delhi (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-

(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/govtjobs/) in-delhi)
Freshers world Jobs in Bangalore
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/freshers-world) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-bangalore)
Today walkins Jobs in Mumbai
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/today-walkins) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-mumbai)
Sarkari Result Jobs in Pune
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/sarkari-result) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-pune)
Agriculture Jobs Jobs in Chennai
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/agriculture-jobs) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-chennai)
Defence Jobs Jobs in Hyderabad
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/defence-jobs) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-
NGO Jobs (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/ngo- hyderabad-secunderabad)
jobs) Jobs in Kolkata
Real Estate Jobs (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-kolkata)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/real-estate-jobs) Jobs in Chandigarh
Shipping Jobs (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/shipping-jobs) chandigarh)
Java Jobs (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/java- Jobs in Gurgaon
jobs) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-gurgaon)

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 53/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Education Jobs Jobs in Noida

☰
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/education-jobs) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-noida)
Journalism Jobs Jobs in Ahmedabad
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/journalism-jobs) (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/jobs-in-
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
SAP Jobs (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/sap- ahmedabad)
jobs) Browse All Jobs
Search for Jobs... 
IT Software Jobs (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/browse-alljobs)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/it-software-jobs) ASSESSMENTS

Pragnya Meter
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/pragnyameter/)

TUTORIALS

E-University (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/aboutus.html)
Skill Sets (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/all-skillsets.html)
Practice Tests (https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-
university/onlineexam.html)

SERVICES

Resume Writing
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/resumewriting/resume-
writing-for-freshers)
Pro le Enhancement
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/resumewriting/preferred-
applicant)
Recruiter Reach
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/resumewriting/enhanced-
reach)

JOB SEEKER

Register Now
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/registerform.html)

RECRUITERS

Post an alert
Resume Search

RESOURCES

Career Edge
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/careeredge/)

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 54/55
8/26/2019 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT - About EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT in tutorial (12679) | Wisdom Jobs India

Job Posting Guide

☰
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/sample-
jobpostings.php)
Free Job Alerts
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/)
(https://www.wisdomjobs.com/free-job-alert)

Search
Our for:Jobs...
Portals Gulf Jobs (https://www.wisdomjobsgulf.com) Canada Jobs USA Jobs 

Italy Jobs UK Jobs South Africa Jobs Malaysia Jobs Singapore Jobs

Australia Jobs New Zealand Jobs

All rights reserved © 2018 Wisdom IT Services India Pvt. Ltd

Principles of Management and Organisational Behaviour Topics

https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/evolution-of-management-thought-12… 55/55