For Iron and Manganese Removal CHAE TG C2UDar iON Fite MieiA FERROLITE MC.GC.SC TOYOLEX F MANGANESE SAND. 7.) 2aae @TouKEmy CORPORATIONCha TiG OXIDATION FilYER MEDiA D. Standard Catalytic Oxidation Treatment Whea performing catalytic oxidation treatment for iron and manganese removal, good results caa be obtained by using 5.Y. (water quantity /filter medium quantity“r) LOhi™' as a standard and determining L.V. aad the kkind of filter media according 0 the water quality. The standard flow sheet is shown in Fig2. Fig2. Standard Flow Sheet of Filter Media for lon and Mangancee RemovalB. Toyolex F Toyolex F series have been developed particularly for application with oxidation by air and those filter media are effective especially for undergound water with great iron content ‘Though some time should be taken for trial operation in order to reforming the hydroxide iron coated on the filter media into the suitable form of the hydroxide iron in the water, because of largely saving running-cost due to using natural air as oxdizer, these filter media are suitable for treatment of industrial water, general service water and drinking water which are used in large quantit Air as oxidizer is fed before the filter plant 30 that oxygen will dissolve well in raw water. Then, when the raw water comes in contact with the filter media which function as oxidation catalyst, oxidation and removal arc immediately performed. As the oxidicing power of oxygen in the is inactive compared with chlorine and sodium hypochlorite, the filter plant system should be so designed that air will woll mix with raw water and that a sufficient reaction time will be secured, by which good treatment can be performed. However, when a large quantity of dissoved silica is contained, reverse reaction (iran getti colloidal) is caused. In the case of raw water which contains a large quantity of free carbonic acid and bicabonate, discharge car- bon dioxide gas into the air. When pH value is low (6.5 or less), adjust pH value before treating water C. Raw Water Requiring Pre-treatment Ihe following conditions should be met to perform catalytic oxidation of raw water taken directly from the well: dissolved silica content being 40 m/ €or leso, hydrogen sulfide content being 0.2 m/ € oF less, iron content being 20 my/ & or less, KMaQ. consumption beign 15 mg/ ¢ or less, acid consumption being [40+ 1.8(Fe-+ Mu] (ay/€) or less and pH value being 6.5 or more. There are some cases where pre-treatment is required due to a large quantitiy of free carbonic acid, siliea, ammonia nitrogen organic substances and humic acid being included. Aeration, pH treatment, microfloc treatment, break-point treatment, oxidation treatement by H.0, or KMn0., ete are omplayed as pre- treatment methods. By performing pre-treatment to meet the conditions for catalytic oxidation, it becomes possible to stabilize the quality of treated wa ter and to maintain the activation and perpetuity of filter media,CARLY FIG OXIDATION 3. pH Valuc of Raw Water In principle, itis desirable that pH value of raw water is higher than 6.5, If pH value i lower, the film may loze its oxidizing power, and discolve in water and run off together with filtrate. In such cases, pH value should be adjusted so that it will be higher that 65 before using raw water 4. When Raw Water Contains Ammonia Nitrogen When chlorine is fed to raw water containing ammonia nitrogen, first the ammonia in raw water reacts with the chlorine, yielding chloramine (combined chlorine), With the feeding quantity of chlorine increasing, the quantity of residual chlorine increases to reach the max imum value al a certain point [point (a), and starts to decrease after that. Then, the quantity of residual chlorine reaches the minimum poiat [point (b)}, after which it increases linearly in proportion to the feeding quantity of chlorine, Fig.1 Break point Chlorination ‘Small = Feeding quantity of chlorine > Large The residual chlorine before point (b) in the figure is all chloramine (combined chlorine). For oxidation treat ment in deferrizing and demanganatizing, the residual Cilorine after point (U) tesidual Gree ublutiue uf 0.9 0.5m/ & at point ()] is needed5. How To Use Our Filter Media A. Ferrolite MC, GC and SC and Manganese Sand 1. Feeding Chlorine or Sodium Hypochlorite (CL- prefeeding Method) If reducing substances are contained in the water, there is a possibility that the manganese rent this f film discolwes in the water and rans aff together with the filtration. To py hap ening, chroline or sodium hypochlorite is continuously fed to activate the filter media. Ideal activation can he expected if the system is so designed as to feed the above additive not im. mediately before the filter plant but near the well or intake and to allow the additive to mix well with the raw water on its way to the filter plant Although a relatively large feeding quantity of chlorine or sodium hypochlorite is required to the newly filled filter media owing to activation of manganese film, the required feeding quantity of the said additive during normal operation of filter plant is theoretically 1.29 times the manganese content (ay/ ¢ ) or 0.64 times the iron content (aq/ €) of the raw water. Howe ammonia ond reducing substances 1, depending upon quantities of organic mat contained in the raw water, itis necessary to add more feeding quantity to the abovementioned theoretical quantity. As for the general guide line on feeding quantity of chlorine, if th the quantity of residual free chlorine of the treated water immediately alter the raw water pas. sed through the filter plant becomes 0.3~0.5 ng/ ( this is the most effective and practical ing is done so that 2. Layer Thickness and Flow Velocity Normally the layer thickness of filter medium is about 4.2 m and the flow velocity is 10 90 an/Hr, depending upon the turbidity, iron and manganese contents, and contents of humic acid silica, etc. of the raw water. In the case where the flow velocity is to be accelerated, in princil ple, itis necessary to take a larger layer thickness in order to secure a sufficient space veloc. ‘ty (time for catalytic oxidation), In this ease, different from more turbidity filtration with filter sand or anthracite media, space velocity as well as line velocity should be taken into consideration in designing of the filter plant systen. Iron and manganese are co-existing in nearly every undergound water, and chemical iron is oxidized first and monganese is oxidived after that. Therefore, ivon is vxidized aud reasyved at the upper part of filter vessel; manganese at the lower part of filter bed From this respect, too. if filtration is to be done with only one vessel it is necessary to take a large layer thickness. When raw water contains large quantity of iron and manganese, or in the case of treating water with iron and manganese not readily oxidized. it is recommended 0 install two filter vessels connected in series, eliminating iron through the first vessel and ‘emoving the remaining iron and manganese through the secun vessel AAs to filter media to be employed, itis effective to use Toyolex F in the first vessel and Ferrolite MC in the second vessel.CAAETTIC CHIDATION FiLTER MELA 4. Products Our standard produete ate listed in the following table 2 Table 2 Our Standard Products tom] ES] cis ete FERROLITE MC) 0-12 | Ceramics | Clo [aa [eae] jaa Used fa he nt veel ou high Fe [its al nai se FernourTe mcs | 06-07 | cermica | Cu ac | to wd ; | tc Air | oe ouTE Mc: | 03-035 | Cormie | ce [on md megs rncral PEER | Wied ow cll Fe Mn ect = on aad magus reaovl eneoure ces [12-14 [Comin | coc sc [RE mt mn a cu and agate removal FERROLITE GC 06: Ceamis | ce mor | comin | cro aa | nd magni ened 1 ba Fe rnaouie sco | os-or | comin | ctor ar [eh mtn amanda Te 058-065 | Fikes amd | ct = 8 tod aigines rca wancanesé saxo | 046-056 | Fiter smd | ct | tt snd mane oer eae 03-035 | Fiterswd | ct TOYOLEX Fi 14 | Ceramics | Air | ro remeval (Used on very beh Fe comet) TOYOLEX F: | 06-07 | cers | Ar | lor semoval (Used on telatively high Fe co In case of manganese removal. It is basically needed to feed chlorine as an oxdizer Fackage Unit Fertolite MC,GC,SC/Toyolex F 391, 900¢ Manganese Sand oe3. Outline of Manufacture 1. Matrix (1) Porous Ceramics We ate using the porous ceramics media obtained thorough our many years’ research for matrices which are fitting to three conditions of ® being sich in porosity ® being excellent in adherent property against the film. ® being physicallly and chemically stable as filter media. (2) Selected Sand The sand selected for the matrix of Manganese Sand is quality silica sand having a large silicon content produced at Awaji Island in Hyogo Pref, and Kashima in Ibaragi Prel.. which is widely used ts lor city water and large-scale industrial water Table 1. Chemical Ci position of Matrices (Weight) lear si» | ato: | Fe:0s| cao | ago | Ko Uae conmess | 713 | 190 | 14 | a3 | om | az Fewoite MC Toyolex F CenmicsG | 739 | 193 | 24 | 03 | one | 22 | 19 | one | perme, Fier Sand (Away) | 939 | 11 | 02s | 043 | om | - | — | 096 | Manganese Saad Fier Sand(Kashina) | 92.18 | 020 | om | o39 | 06s | — | — | 02 | Manganese Saad 2. Ferrolite MC, GC and SC and Manganese Sand ‘The matrices are reacted with manganese ( [1 ) chloride (MnCl-4110) and potassium permanganate (KMD) using a special catalyst in a rotary reaction kiln. In this process, viseous, dark brown, 7 type superior-quality manganese oxides with special crystal structure are produced. This film is coated to the matrices and then sintered to finish products 3. Toyolex Taking Ceramics G as a matrix, iron hydroxide [Fe(OH is yielded, Using oxygen and a cercain kind of catalyst itis made into oxy-fiydrated iron with special crystal structure, which is coated to the matrixaio — FERROLITE GC TOYOLEX F MANGANESE SAND1. Introduction There are many cases where the underground water containes iron and manganese owing to the cological cnvitoament. The water conteinig iron and mangancsc causes various problems when used as water for all indurstrial fields. not to speak of drinking water and city water. So the elimination of iron and manganese from the water is essential Bared upon our 25 years of experiences and technology we have had as a top maker of filter media for ‘water treatment, our company have developed the catalytic oxidation filter media for iron and manganese removal (Ferrolite MC, Fertolite GC, Ferrolite SC, Toyolex F and Manganese Sand). We shall introduce the outline of these filter media. 2. Features of Catalytic Type Oxidation Filter Media for Iron and Manganese Removal 1) Activation of filter media required at trial operation can be done very easily and in a short time 2) Compared with the conventional daferrizing and domanganatizing filtar madia. washing time at trial ‘operation can be largely reduced 3) Deferrizing and demangatizing capacity has been considerably improved. As to removal of man. gnese in particular, while the administrative water standard prescribes that manganese content should be 0.09 mg/ € oF 1ess, far less content can be achieved trough tmese media. 4) Except for special occasions, precipitation vessel and aeration vessels are not necessary. Trested ‘water of high quality can be obtained by applying raw water to these media directly from the well. 5) Treatment can be done at a water run speed of LV. 10—80m/Hr, wh more than twice as fast 8 ordinary filtration. 6) Coagulants are not used except for special occasions, resulting in a low running cost 7) Only periodic washing is required: poriostic regen. ration with chemicals is not requited 8) Humic chromaticity whick has been difficult to remove in the past can be removed through these media without pretreatment.