ASIAN REGIONALISM
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO:
Differentiate between regionalization and globalization
Identify the factors that lead to a greater integration of
Asian regions
Analyze how different Asian states confront the
challenges of globalization and regionalization through
regionalism
MAP OF ASIA
ASIAN CONTINENT
The continent comprises one-third of the world’s land
mass
ASEAN 5 ( Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam,
Thailand) had an average of 6.3% and 5.1% GDP
growth compared to the world average growth of 3.5%
as of 2016 (Obiols, 2017)
In 2016, China was the world’s leading exporter of
goods valued at $1.99 trillion followed by the US with
$1.45 trillion (Dillinger, 2018)
COLLABORATIONS
European Union in mature State
Mostcountries want to have
collaborations with EAST ASIAN countries
and the ASSOCIATION of SOUTHEAST
ASIAN NATIONS
shaping up of economic and political
growth
What makes Asian
nations stronger than ever
is the Establishment of
collaborations and
cooperation based on
respect. For one, the
ASEAN, as a regional
bloc, pays full respect for *insert ASEAN emblem
sovereignty and
independence of its
members through
consensus and
consultation (Eliassen &
Arnadottir, 2012)
GLOBALIZATION REGIONALIZATION REGIONALISM
• Refers to regional
Expansion and “The growth of concentration of economic
intensification of societal integration flows while regionalization
refers to a political process by
within a region and
social relations economic policy if
the often cooperation and
and undirected
coordination are present
among countries (Mansfield &
consciousness processes of social Wilmer, 1993)
across world and economic • Also pertains to the process of
intergovernmental
time and world- interaction” collaborations between two
space. (Hurrel, 1995) or more states
(Eliassen & Arnadottir, 2012).
ASIAN REGIONALISM
A new concept among the continental
communities
New to cooperation and collaboration goals
50 year old ASEAN Group and the failed East
Asia Economic group
ASEAN COMMUNITY
POLITICAL SECURITY ECONOMIC SOCIO-CULTURAL
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY
Gives Adheres to significant roles of
monitoring – economic
Avenue for cooperation
among the ministers
importance to ministers, finance ministers,
central bank governors, free
responsible for culture and
human rights, trade area, investment area, arts, sports, disaster
management, education,
agriculture and forestry,
drugs, foreign transport ministers, environment, health,
relations, telecommunications and
information technology
information, labour, rural
development and poverty
defense, law and ministers, science and
technology, energy, minerals,
eradication, women,
transnational tourism, free trade agreements youth and civil service
matters.
with dialogue partners and
crimes. sectoral bodies.
ASEAN + 3
ASEAN also partnered with three East Asian countries-
CHINA, JAPAN and SOUTH KOREA
Its goal is to address the 1997 Asian financial crisis and
help each other cope with crisis.
In this context, ASEAN has concretized regionalism in
the Asian region.
Similar to the goal of ASEAN in
achieving greater integration within
the region, other countries form groups
for various reasons.
NAFTA
NORTH
AMERICAN FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT
A free trade pact between CANADA and
the UNITED STATES (now including MEXICO),
was created to help reduce trading costs,
increase business investment and help North
America be more competitive in the global
marketplace (NAFTA, 2018)
EUROPEAN UNION(EU)
Apolitical and economic
established to ensure free
movement of people, goods,
services and capital within the
EU’s single market (EU, 2018a).
Some Aspects that
led to Greater Asian
Integration
Market-driven integration
Within Asia, there are variety of systems, institutions, procedures, social
relations and infrastructures that are put into place for countries to
engage and exchange.
Emerging and developing economies in Japan, China, South Korea and
other Asian countries get the labor services of Filipino skilled workers.
Southeast Asians market their goods within the region. Thailand exports its
grocery products to 24-hour convenience stores. Vietnam and Indonesia
sell their bags and clothing to the region.
Formal Institutions were established
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
Conceived in the 1960’s, ADB promotes social and economic development in
Asia.
Composed of 67 members, 48 of which are from the Asia-Pacific region.
Aids members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants
and equity investments
Initially ADB focused its assistance on food production and rural development
to serve a predominantly agricultural region.
Economic grants and overseas development
assistance are made available by better Asian
economies
Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
aims to work on human security and quality growth.
The agency targets to promote international
cooperation and the development of the Japanese
and global economy by supporting the socio-
economic development, recovery or economic
stability of developing regions.
Production Networks have expanded
Economies are mainly on comparative advantage through the
regional division of labor.
The Philippines’ major exports are electronic products and copper
products to name a few.
Indonesia sells palm oil, rubber and natural gas within the region.
South Korea produces machinery products and motor vehicles.
Cooperation among ASEAN and East Asian
Countries ensued the ASEAN +3 Financial
Ministers’ Process
Established two economic structures- the
Chiang Mai Initiative and the Asian Bond
Markets.
The process aim to strengthen policy dialogue,
coordination, and collaboration on common
financial, monetary and fiscal issues.
ASEAN follows a consensus rule as an
approach to decision making
This process prevents collision of
cultural beliefs and economic
policies that are understandably not
easy to unite because of the
region’s diversity of archipelagic
lives.
“In facing the challenges
brought about by globalization,
Asian countries have responded
with regional alternatives as big
group, small group and local
communities”
BIG GROUP
Established ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)
More focused on Asia and the Pacific as a reaction to global
economic integration
Japan, the forerunner of the institution, believes that
investments can be a factor to social development.
Japan is a major contributor to ADB.
Asian nations work in the form of loans, grants and information
sharing on topics such as terrorism and regional security
BIG GROUP
ASEAN
Fosters the spirit of regionalism and oneness of Asian nations
ASEAN DECLARATION
1. To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural
development in the region.
2. To promote regional peace and stability.
3. To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of
common interests.
4. To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research
facilities.
BIG GROUP
5. To collaborate more effectively for greater
utilization of their agriculture and industries
6. To expand trade, improve their transportation
and communications facilities and raise the
living standards of their people.
7. To promote Southeast Asian studies
8. To maintain close and beneficial cooperation
SMALL GROUP
Individual countries do bilateral or multilateral agreements.
Philippines and China has standing bilateral agreements with
China in trade, defense, infrastructure, transnational crimes,
tourism, education, health and many others.
To combat global terrorism, Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia
made use of their available resources to minimize and ultimately
stop the effects on civilian-victims such as displacement and
suffering.
Trilateral security meeting-joint navy patrols within their boundaries to
prevent entry end exit of the terror group ISIS (Antiporta, 2017).
LOCAL
Santi Suk village in Thailand created its own currency, called bia
that was regulated by a central bank in a village.
Can only be used by participating villages and cannot be
exchanged for Thailand’s baht.
A manifestation of self-sufficiency movements that emerged after the
Asian financial crisis of 1997.
Other forms of disengagement appeared in the formation of sself-
sufficiency groups, community owned rice mills and cooperative
shops; the gathering of traditional herbal practitioners and the
preference for local products (Kimura, 2014)
To conclude, globalization and regionalization are the same for they refer
to integration.
Their difference lies on the scope.
Globalization is worldwide, while regionalization focuses on a specific
geographical region.
As a response to world homogenization and division, regionalism that
comes in various forms of regional alternatives to globalization spawned
within and among regions in Asia.
Asian integration did not happen based only on one historical event for
there were different factors that led to this alliance.
READ:
Shiraishi, T. (2004). The rise of new
urban middle classes in Southeast
Asia: What is its national and
regional significance? The research
Institute of Economy, Trade and
Industry, 237-271.
(this will be included in the exam)
